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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1013.v1

Computational Pharmaceutics: A Comprehensive Review of Past Achievements, Present Applications, and Future Challenges

Yogesh Chaudhari, Manisha Chaudhari, Abhijeet Puri, Mahesh Nemade

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Computational Pharmaceutics, AI, multi-scale modeling, quantum computing, drug
discovery, blockchain frameworks ;

Online: 16 April 2024 (10:32:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0755.v1

NegEnt Spray: An Original CE Medical Device, Based on Liposomal Cannabidiol and Chamomile Hydrolate, for the Treatment of Muscles and Joints

Tullio Scrimali

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: ; Musculoskeletal disorders, Cannabidiol, Liposomal technology, Chamomile hydrolate, Topical treatment.

Online: 11 April 2024 (09:02:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0735.v1

Preparation and Evaluation of Niosomal Formulation for Solubility Enhancement of Anti-fungal Agent for the Treatment of Oral Candidiasis

Yogesh Chaudhari, Manisha Chaudhari, Shikha Prasad

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Candida albicans; Oral thrush; Anti-fungal; Subgingival film; Niosomes

Online: 11 April 2024 (04:02:09 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0714.v1

Pharmacists’ Behavioral Change after Attending a Palliative Care Education Program in a Multi-Prefecture

Masahiro Yamada, Mayako Uchida, Masao Hada, Haruka Wakabaashi, Daigo Inma, Shunji Ariyoshi, Hidetoshi Kamimura, Tohru Haraguchi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: pharmacists’ behavioral change; cancer; palliative care; education program; multi-prefecture; transtheoretical model

Online: 10 April 2024 (08:20:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1760.v1

Real-World Effectiveness, Persistence, Adherence, and Safety of Janus Kinase Inhibitor Baricitinib in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Long-Term Study

Alberto Calvo-Garcia, Esther Ramírez Herráiz, Irene Maria Llorente Cubas, Blanca Varas De Dios, Alberto Morell Baladrón, Juana Benedí González, Rosario García-Vicuña

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: JAK-inhibitor; baricitinib; rheumatoid arthritis; real-word data; persistence; adherence; safety; unmet needs.

Online: 28 March 2024 (10:30:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1287.v1

In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Mauritia flexuosa and Carapa guianensis Oils and Menta piperita and Eugenia caryophyllus Essential Oils Added to Ozone

Fernando Antonio Madeira Marinho, Ana Flávia Machado De Carvalho, Hebert Lima Batista, Edenilson Dos Santos Niculau, Bruno Leonardo Almeida Viana, Natália Ferreira Almeida

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Antibacterial activity; Chemical analysis; Essential and fixed oils; Ozonation

Online: 21 March 2024 (14:02:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0811.v1

Development of New Drugs to Treat Tuberculosis Based on the Dinitrobenzamide Scaffold

Tiago Delgado, João Pais, David Pires, Filipe Estrada, Rita Guedes, Elsa Anes, Luís Constantino

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Tuberculosis; DprE1; DNB; TB; Nitrobenzamides

Online: 14 March 2024 (11:12:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0740.v1

Automated Non-Sterile Pharmacy Compounding: A Multi-Site Study in European Hospital and Community Pharmacies with Pediatric Immediate Release Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets

Niklas Sandler, Farnaz Shokraneh, Mahsa Bahman, Julius Lahtinen, Niko Hassinen, Sari Airaksinen, Soumya Verma, Ludmila Hrizanovska, Jana Lass, Jyrki Heinämäki, Urve Paaver, Anssi Karlstedt, Janika Tähnas, Christoph Klaas, Catharina Kern, Adeline Bienfait, Frédéric Lagarce, Dominic Fenske, Katrin Muehlenfeld, Julia Malik, Holger Scherliess, Samuli Ojala, Sara P Cruz, Mattias Paulsson, Katja Kammonen, Maria Rautamo, Hendrik Lueck, Herwig Heindl, Laurent Carrez, Antoine Pierrot, Ralf Harnish, Stephanie Stareprawo, Marija Tubic-Grozdanii, Stefanie Zibolka, Uli Loesch, Martina Jeske, Ulrich Griesser, Karin Hummer, Andreas Thalmeier, Marianne Leitner, Susan Bischoff, Ralph Heimke-Brinck, Janine Paulus-Rohmer, Karim Khouckh, Fabien Bruno, Anna Harjans, Torsten Hoppe-Tichy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: automated compounding; hospital and community pharmcies; pharm inks; integrated quality control

Online: 13 March 2024 (12:02:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1722.v1

TLC-Densitometric Method for Determination of Metronidazole and Tinidazole in Pharmaceutical Preparations

Alina Pyka-Pająk

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: metronidazole; tinidazole; pharmaceutical preparation; TLC; densitometry

Online: 29 February 2024 (13:07:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1672.v1

FT-IR Analysis and Acute Toxicity of the Extracts of Wild-Growing Saussurea sordida, Saussurea alpina Native to Kazakhstan

Kulpan Orynbassarova, Aishabibi Karzhaubayeva, Saule Ordabayeva, Aigul Serikbayeva, Raushan Kozykeyeva, Zhanar Shimirova, Kairat Zhakipbekov, Kozykeyeva Raikhan, Elmira Kartbayeva, Aknur Turgumbayeva

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Saussurea L.; biologically active substances; acute toxicity; histological study

Online: 29 February 2024 (11:40:56 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1496.v1

Proton-Pump Inhibitors in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Review Focused on the Role of Pharmacogenetics

Leticia Rodríguez-Alcolado, Pilar Navarro, Laura Arias-González, Elena Grueso-Navarro, Alfredo J Lucendo, Emilio J Laserna-Mendieta

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Proton-pump inhibitors; eosinophilic esophagitis; pharmacogenetics; CYP219 gene; STAT6 gene.

Online: 26 February 2024 (23:53:49 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1300.v1

Enhancing Cancer Therapy through Polymeric Nano-particles: Targeted Drug Delivery Strategies

Desta Tesfay Mezgebo, Yohannes Reda Tesfay, Guruduta Pattnaik

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Polymeric Nanoparticle; Drug Delivery; Cancer; Ligands; Antibodies

Online: 22 February 2024 (12:20:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0115.v3

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanisms of Plant Flavonoids against Gram-Negative Bacteria Based on the Antibacterial Statistical Model

Yu Yan, Xuexue Xia, Aiman Fatima, Li Zhang, Ganjun Yuan, Fengxian Lian, Yu Wang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Action mode; Antimicrobial; Escherichia coli; Flavonoids; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria; Lipophilicity; LogP; MIC; Statistical model

Online: 20 February 2024 (10:48:13 CET)

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The antimicrobial quantitative structure–activity relationship of plant flavonoids against Gram-positive bacteria was established in our previous works, and the cell membrane was confirmed as a major site of action. To investigate whether plant flavonoids have similar antibacterial effects and mechanisms against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, here, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 37 plant flavonoids against Escherichia coli were determined using the microdilution broth method, and then the correlation between their lipophilic parameter ACD/LogP or LogD_7.40 value and their MIC was analyzed. Simultaneously, the correlation between the ACD/LogP or LogD_7.40 value and the MIC of 46 plant flavonoids reported in literature against E. coli was also analyzed. Both sets of results showed that there is a significant correlation between the LogP value and the MIC of plant flavonoids against Gram-negative bacteria. However, it is difficult to effectively predict the MIC of plant flavonoids against Gram-negative bacteria from their lipophilic parameters. By comparing two regression curves derived from plant flavonoids against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, it was further discovered that the antibacterial activities of most plant flavonoids against Gram-negative bacteria are stronger than those against Gram-positive bacteria when their LogP values are less than about 3.0, but the opposite is true when their LogP values are more than about 3.6. Moreover, this comparison also suggests that unlike mainly acting on the cell membrane of Gram-positive bacteria, plant flavonoids have multiple mechanisms against Gram-negative species, while the cell membrane is also an important action site among them. Combined with the correlation analyses between the enzyme inhibitory activity and the LogP value of the reported flavonoids, it was further suggested that DNA gyrase is another important target of plant flavonoids against Gram-negative bacteria.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0964.v1

Chemistry and Pharmacology of Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol

Maged S. Abdel-Kader, Mohamed M. Radwan, Ahmed M. Metwaly, Ibrahim H. Eissa, Arno Hazekamp, Mahmoud A. ElSohly

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Δ 8-THC; isolation; chemistry; analysis; pharmacology

Online: 19 February 2024 (11:49:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1033.v1

The Eucalypt Extracts Prepared by a Non-wasting Method and Their 3D-Printed Dosage Forms With an Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activity

Oleh Koshovyi, Mykola Komisarenko, Tatyana Osolodchenko, Andrey Komissarenko, Reet Mändar, Siiri Kõljalg, Jyrki Heinämäki, Ain Raal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Eucalypt leaves extract; complex processing; phenolics; terpenes; polyethylene oxide; aqueous gel; semi-solid extrusion 3D printing

Online: 19 February 2024 (10:17:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0584.v1

Characteristic Metabolites and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils from Phlomoides rotata (Benth. ex Hook. f.) Mathiesen

Zheng Pan, Chen Xie, Jie Luo, Xiao Tong Yan, Yong Mei Su, Anwar Ul Haq, Nasir Mehmood Khan, Shujaat Ahmad, Jian Wang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Phlomoides rotata (Benth. ex Hook. f.) Mathiesen (Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudô); essential oils; characteristic metabolites; metabolomics; fatty acids; C13-norisoprenoids; biosynthesis; antioxidant activities; pro-oxidant activities

Online: 9 February 2024 (14:02:04 CET)

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Limited research has been conducted on the metabolites present in the essential oils (Es) of Phlomoides rotata (Benth. ex Hook. f.) Mathiesen (PR, syn. Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudô), and their potential pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant and anticancer properties, are often overlooked. We conducted a metabolomics-based screening to identify the characteristic metabolites (CMs) present in the Es extracted from PR. Furthermore, we evaluated their in vitro antioxidant activities (AOAs). The Es obtained through hydro-distillation are characterized by a light yellow color and a fresh, elegant fragrance. Cryoprecipitation was used to separate the crystals (Cs) from the Es, resulting in the extraction of crystal-free essential oils (CFs). A total of 107 components belonging to 8 categories were identified and quantified in the Es, Cs, and CFs using GC-MS and GC-FID techniques. Among these components, 76 were reported for the first time in the Es of PR. The major compounds identified include long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and their esters, such as palmitic acid (PA), myristic acid (MA), linoleic acid (LA), oleic acid (OA), and methyl palmitate. Additionally, seven C13-norisoprenoids, with trans-β-damascenone being particularly notable for its flavor, were also identified. A sum of nine CMs were identified in the Es, including PA, MA, LA, OA, methyl palmitate, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, phytol, trans-β-damascenone, and hexanal. The main metabolic pathway in the Es is the biosynthesis of FAs and terpenoids revealed by MetaboAnalyst 6.0 and KEGG analyses. Furthermore, the in vitro AOAs of the Es, Cs, CFs, and four selected CMs (PA, MA, LA, and OA) were evaluated. Generally, PA and MA exhibited pro-oxidant activities (POAs) or weak AOAs. LA and OA demonstrated POAs or weak AOAs at lower concentrations, but at higher concentrations, they displayed medium to strong AOAs. Importantly, the CFs exhibited stronger AOAs compared to the corresponding Es, which may be attributed to their different PA content. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the potential utilization of Es from PR.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0559.v1

Patient Experiences of Community Pharmacy Medication Supply and Medicines Reconciliation at Hospital Discharge: A Qualitative Study

Rhona Mundell, Derek Jamieson, Gwen Shaw, Anne Thomson, Paul Forsyth

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Hospital Pharmacy; Community Pharmacy; Medication; Qualitative Research

Online: 9 February 2024 (13:20:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0509.v1

The Dry Extracts of Matricaria discoidea DC. Herb with Analgesic and Soporific Activity: Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Molecular Docking Research

Janne Sepp, Oleh Koshovyi, Valdas Jakštas, Vaidotas Žvikas, Iryna Botsula, Igor Kireyev, Hanna I. Severina, Oleksandr Kukhtenko, Kaisa Põhako-Palu, Karin Kogermann, Jyrki Heinämäki, Ain Raal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: pineapple weed; herb; extraction; terpenoids; polyphenols; cytotoxicity; analgesic activity; soporific effect

Online: 8 February 2024 (10:18:21 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0458.v1

Potential Drug Interactions with Cannabinoids in Selected Chronic Diseases: Epilepsy, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Oncology, Multiple Sclerosis and Pain

Maria Graça Campos, Maria China, Mariana Claudio, Miguel Capinha, Rita Torres, Simao Oliveira, Ana Fortuna

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Cannabinoids; Tetrahydrocannabinol; CBD; Drug-drug Interactions; F.I.R.E.S.; Cytochrome P450; Epilepsy; Cancer; Autism Spectrum Disorder

Online: 7 February 2024 (17:38:44 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0430.v1

Rational Prescribing of Pancreatic Enzymes for Patients with Pancreatic Cancer

Mary Acelle Garcia, Syed Imam, Ursula K Braun, Leanne Jackson

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: pancreatic cancer; exocrine pancreatic insufficiency; pancreatic enzymes; palliative care; medication instruction; compliance

Online: 7 February 2024 (10:13:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1964.v1

Real-Time Cone-Growth Model for Determination of Pharmaceutical Powder Flow Properties

Gyula Farkas, Sándor Ferenc Nagy, Attila Dévay, Aleksandar Széchenyi, Szilárd Pál

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: flow properties; static angle of repose; flow time; flow curve; conical section

Online: 29 January 2024 (04:02:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1525.v1

Ophthalmic Nanoemulsion Fingolimod Formulation for Topical Application

Rama Kashikar, Samir Senapati, Narendar Dudhipala, Sandip K. Basu, Nawajes Mandal, Soumyajit Majumdar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Fingolimod; nanoemulsion; ocular drug delivery; sterilization; stability; physicochemical characterization

Online: 22 January 2024 (10:08:55 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1378.v1

Recent Advance Bakuchiol Application as a Potential Alternative to Retinol in Skincare and Cosmetics

Norisca Aliza Putriana, Patihul Husni, Soraya Ratnawulan Mita

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Bakuchiol; anti-aging; anti-hyperpigmentation; anti-oxidant; anti-inflammatory; anti-acne; and anti-melanogenesis

Online: 18 January 2024 (07:23:52 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1363.v1

Treatment Advances for Acne Vulgaris: The Scientific Role of Cannabinoids

Inês Ferreira, Carla M. Lopes, Maria Helena Amaral

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: acne vulgaris; cannabinoids; cannabidiol; sustainability; lipostatic; anti-inflammatory; antiproliferative; antimicrobial

Online: 18 January 2024 (04:49:39 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1321.v1

Examining Natural Products with the Potential to Chagas Disease: An In-depth Analysis

Eze Elijah Ajaegbu, Chizurum Philip Ikegbuna

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Chagas disease; Trypanosoma cruzi; Natural products; Therapeutic approaches; Anti-parasitic compounds; Plant-derived compounds

Online: 17 January 2024 (12:04:26 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0803.v1

Flavonoids As CYP3A4 Inhibitors In Vitro

Martin Kondža, Ivica Brizić, Stela Jokić

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: CYP enzymes; CYP3A4; flavonoid; inhibition; natural products

Online: 10 January 2024 (10:24:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0115.v2

Different antibacterial modes of plant flavonoids to gram-negative from to -positive bacteria

Yu Yan, Xuexue Xia, Aiman Fatima, Li Zhang, Ganjun Yuan, Fengxian Lian, Yu Wang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Flavonoids; Antimicrobial; Lipophilicity; LogP; MIC; Correlation; Bacterium; Escherichia coli; Gram-negative bacteria; mode

Online: 9 January 2024 (02:47:50 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0554.v1

The Role of Biodegradable Polymers in Nano Carrier-based Drug Delivery System to Enhance Oral Bioavailability & Solubility of BCS Class II, IV Drugs: A Review

Mohan Tripathi, Peeyush Bhardwaj, Shruti Tiwari, Arti Sahu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Biodegradable Polymers; Nanotechnology; Drug Delivery &; Drug Development

Online: 8 January 2024 (06:50:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0526.v1

Development of a Versatile Lipid Core for Nanostructure Lipid Carriers (NLC) Using Design of Experiments (DoE) and Raman Mapping

Carlos Alberto Rios, Roberta Ondei, Márcia Cristina Breiktreitz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Nanostructured Lipid Carriers; Raman Mapping; Design of Experiments; Classical Least Squares

Online: 8 January 2024 (06:27:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0441.v1

Overcoming CD Spectroscopy Sample Preparation Challenges in Protein Structural Analysis for Biosimilars

Temitope Agbelusi, Ketan Pancholi, Harini Sampatk Kumar, Amit Kumar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: protein; surfactant; SDS; protein-surfactant-interaction; circular-diachorism; Chirality

Online: 5 January 2024 (10:38:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0343.v1

Spray-Drying Microencapsulation of Phenolic Compounds from Bauhinia ungulata L. Var. Obtusifolia Aqueous Extract: A Comparative Study Using Different Wall Materials

Myrth Soares do Nascimento Remigio, Teresa Greco, José-Otávio Carrera Silva-Júnior, Attilio Converti, Roseane Maria Ribeiro-Costa, Alessandra Rossi, Wagner Luiz Ramos Barbosa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Phytotherapy; Medicinal plants; Radical scavenger; Phenolic compounds; Medicinal tea

Online: 4 January 2024 (11:27:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2335.v1

Efficacy of Continuous vs. Intermittent Administration of Cefepime in Adult ICU Patients with Gram‐Negative Bacilli Bacteremia: A Randomized Double‐Blind Clinical Study

Carlos Arturo Álvarez-Moreno, Laura Cristina Nocua-Báez, Guillermo Ortiz, Juan Carlos Torres, Gabriel Montenegro, Williams Cervera, Alonso Gómez, Luis Fernando Zuluaga

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: bacteraemia; cefepime; sepsis; intravenous infusions

Online: 3 January 2024 (10:05:50 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0147.v1

Phytochemistry and biological activities of Cissus trifoliata against carcinomas

Luis Fernando Méndez-López

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Cissus sp., Phytochemicals, Apoptosis, Proliferation, EMT, Anticancer

Online: 3 January 2024 (05:35:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0115.v1

Antibacterial Difference of Plant Flavonoids to Gram-Negative and -Positive Bacteria

Yu Yan, Xuexue Xia, Aiman Fatima, Li Zhang, Ganjun Yuan, Fengxian Lian, Yu Wang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Flavonoids; Antimicrobial; Lipophilicity; LogP; MIC; Correlation; Bacterium; Escherichia coli; Gram-negative bacteria

Online: 3 January 2024 (03:05:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2190.v1

Anti-Bacterial and Antioxidant Potential of an Ostrich Oil Emulsion

Juthaporn Ponphaiboon, Sontaya Limmatvapirat, Chutima Limmatvapirat

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: ostrich oil; emulsion; emulsifier; antibacterial activity; antioxidant activity; stability

Online: 28 December 2023 (11:51:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2016.v2

New Carriers for Bioadhesive Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems Based on Eudragit® EPO/Eudragit® L100 Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes

Daria S Gordeeva, Aleksandra V Sitenkova (Bukhovets), Rouslan I. Moustafine

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: interpolyelectrolyte complexes; Eudragit®; ; gastroretentive systems; drug delivery systems; bioadhesive systems; metronidazole; acyclovir

Online: 27 December 2023 (14:28:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2064.v1

A New Frontier in Hypertension Management: Formulating and Characterizing Subcutaneous Implants using Hot Melt Extrusion

Kshitij Chitnis, Nagarjuna Narala, Sagar Narala, Siva Ram Munnangi, Sateesh Kumar Vemula, Michael A Repka

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Hypertension, Subcutaneous Implants, Hot Melt Extrusion, Controlled Drug Delivery, Biodegradable, Implantable Drug Delivery

Online: 27 December 2023 (09:45:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2016.v1

New Carriers for Bioadhesive Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems Based on Eudragit® EPO/Eudragit® L100 Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes

Daria S Gordeeva, Aleksandra V Sitenkova (Bukhovets), Rouslan I. Moustafine

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: interpolyelectrolyte complexes; Eudragit®; ; gastroretentive systems; drug delivery systems; bioadhesive systems; metronidazole; acyclovir

Online: 26 December 2023 (14:36:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1212.v1

Spectrophotometric and Chromatographic Assessment of Total Flavonoids Content in Rhodendron Tomentosum Extracts

Halyna Kukhtenko, Nataliia Bevz, Oleksandr Kukhtenko, Izabela Jasicka-Misiak

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Rhododendron tomentosum; Ledum palustre; Wild rosemary; Rutin; Hyperoside; Quercetin; Chlorogenic acid; Aluminum chloride; UV-Vis; HPTLC

Online: 18 December 2023 (10:19:01 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1067.v1

European Association of Hospital Pharmacists (EAHP) Guidance on the Pharmacy Handling of In Vivo Gene Therapy Medicinal Products

Joan VINENT GENESTAR, Sylvain Auvity, Nanna Christiansen, Heidi Ekelund, Liesbeth Huys, Helle Bach Ølgaard McNulty, Marcello Pani, Vera Pires, Bertrand Pourroy, Nicola Stoner

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Genetic therapy; Pharmaceutical preparations; Pharmacy service, hospital; Safety; Practice guideline. ;

Online: 14 December 2023 (08:29:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1039.v1

Resveratrol Liposomes for Buccal Formulations: Suitability for Chemoprevention and Treatment of Oral Cancer

María José De Jesús Valle, Alexandra Mabel Rondon Mujica, Aranzazu Zarzuelo Castañeda, Ana Catarina Duarte, Paula Coutinho, Amparo Sánchez Navarro

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Resveratrol liposomes; resveratrol buccal formulations; solvent-free liposome production; resveratrol for oral cancer; liposomal hydrogels; liposomal films

Online: 14 December 2023 (08:27:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0294.v1

Phytochemical, Technological and Pharmacological Study on the Galenic Dry Extracts Prepared from German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Flowers

Janne Sepp, Oleh Koshovyi, Valdas Jakstas, Vaidotas Žvikas, Iryna Botsula, Igor Kireyev, Karina Tsemenko, Oleksandr Kukhtenko, Karin Kogermann, Jyrki Heinämäki, Ain Raal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: German chamomile; flower, galenic extract; extraction; analgesic activity; soporific effect.

Online: 6 December 2023 (09:50:56 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0270.v1

Antimicrobial and Other Pharmacological Properties of Ocimum basilicum, Lamiaceae

Kairat Zhakipbekov, Aknur Turgumbayeva, Sholpan Akhelova, Kymbat Bekmuratova, Olga Blinova, Gulnara Utegenova, Klara Shertayeva, Nurlan Sadykov, Kuanysh Tastambek, Akzharkyn Saginbazarova, Kenzhebek Urazgaliyev, Gulbanu Tulegenova, Zere Zhalimova, Zhanylsyn Karasova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Ocimum basilicum; antimaicrobaial; antiviral; antioxidant; anti-inflammatory

Online: 5 December 2023 (15:05:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0240.v1

Antibiotic Use in Primary Care in Northern Ireland

Heather Coleman, Naomi Hadnett

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Antimicrobial use; antimicrobial resistance; COVID-19; pharmacists; primary care

Online: 5 December 2023 (14:52:26 CET)

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Research is scarce regarding antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) for specific localities in Northern Ireland (NI). Additionally, the effects of COVID-19 on antimicrobial pre-scribing patterns and AMR are unknown. Between the European Union (EU) and United States (US), AMR causes approximately 68,000 deaths annually. This study will provide a better understanding of antimicrobial use and prescribing patterns in Belfast and link with AMR. An electronic survey was developed and distributed to eighty-five community pharmacists in Belfast. Yearly and monthly prescription data was gathered from the Business Services Organisation and COVID-19 statistics from Gov.uk. All data was analysed on Microsoft Office Excel® and IBM® SPSS® Statistics 25. Overall response rate was 46%. Most pharmacists (82%) failed to address prescriber non-compliance with guidelines and antimicrobial dosing errors (59%). The most common in-dication for antibiotics was upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Overprescribing of anti-biotics was perceived as the leading cause of AMR, therefore 69% of pharmacists indicated in-creased General Practitioner (GP) compliance with guidelines would reduce AMR. Pharmacists’ are in an ideal position to reduce AMR through patient education however, it is demonstrated that pharmacists failed to adequately counsel patients on antibiotic use. All GP practices demonstrated inappropriate antibiotic use, especially for URTIs which suggests antibiotic appropriateness should be reviewed. Many patients avoided contact with GP’s during COVID-19 which may have resulted in reduced antibiotic use. This research established amoxicillin as the most commonly prescribed antibiotic, which is contributing to increased AMR with its broad-spectrum activity and has recognised a decrease in antibiotic prescribing during COVID-19. Based on the results found and a critical review of the literature it is recommended antimicrobial guidelines should be re-viewed and improved, enhanced training should be provided to pharmacists and the antibiotic guardian (AG) campaign should be reenergised.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1890.v1

The Scenario of Clays’ and Clay Minerals’ Use in Cosmetics/Dermocosmetics

Fernanda Daud Sarruf, Vecxi Judith Pereda Contreras, Renata Miliani Martinez, Maria Valéria Robles Velasco, André Rolim Baby

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: clays; color cosmetics; efficacy; delivery; formulation

Online: 30 November 2023 (05:25:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1943.v1

Determination of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Saridon Tablets Using an Economical and Sensitive TLC Method Combined with Densitometry

Alina Pyka-Pająk

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: APIs; Saridon; normal phase thin layer chromatography; densitometry

Online: 30 November 2023 (04:08:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1879.v1

Community Pharmacy as a Study Center for the Epidemio-logical Analysis of the Population Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2: Regulatory Rules and Prescriptions

Jacopo Raffaele Dibenedetto, Michela Cetrone, Marina Antonacci, Domenico Pio Cannone, Stefania Antonacci, Pasquale Bratta, Francesco Leonetti, Domenico Tricarico

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: vaccine; SARS-CoV-2SARS-CoV-2; distribution/dispensation of behalf of third parties , D.P.C.; antivirals; prescriptions; cardiovascular reactions; observational study; Community Pharmacy, C.PH.

Online: 29 November 2023 (10:45:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1379.v1

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to Anti-inflammatory Drugs With a Focus on the Combinatory Effect of Celecoxib With Oxacillin In Vitro

Onyedika Emmanuel Okpala, Johana Rondevaldova, Hayford Osei-Owusu, Tomas Kudera, Ladislav Kokoska

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: antibacterial activity; antistaphylococcal synergistic effect; methicillin resistant S. aureus; musculoskeletal infections; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Online: 22 November 2023 (06:33:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1167.v1

Evaluation of the Potential of Chitosan Nanoparticles as a Delivery Vehicle for Gentamicin for the treatment of Osteomyelitis

Elliot Simpson, Humera Sarwar, Deborah Lowry

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Nanoparticles; chitosan; osteomyelitis, drug delivery; antimicrobials; gentamicin.

Online: 17 November 2023 (12:57:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0980.v1

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Selected Antibiotics Used in Djibouti Hospitals

abdirahman elmi fourreh, fatouma Mohamed abdoul-Latif, Chayma MOUTI

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Analysis; antibiotic; Djibouti; HPLC; spectrophotometer; TLC

Online: 17 November 2023 (07:56:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0692.v1

Enhancing Tablet Dissolution Insights: A Comparative Study of Predictive ANN, PLS, and SVM Model With NIR Spectra

Shruti Ringe, Shounak Kulkarni, Abhijeet Sutar, Suresh Kumar BV, Anurag Shenoy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: chemometrics model; PAT; NIR; DoE; dissolution analysis; ANN; PLS; SVM

Online: 10 November 2023 (10:20:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0483.v1

Loreto Domínguez Senín, David Morales Pancorbo, María Yeray Rodríguez Garcés, María Dolores Santos-Rubio -, Juan Bayo Calero

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: MRONJ; CDK4/6 inhibitors; metastatic breast cancer; oral epidemiology

Online: 8 November 2023 (08:42:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0428.v1

Target Screen of Anti-hyperuricemia Compounds From Cortex Fraxini In Vivo Based on ABCG2 and Bioaffinity Ultrafiltration Mass Spectrometry

XiuXiu Huang, Wenqing Dong, Xiao Luo, Lu Xu, Yinan Wang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: hyperuricemia; uric acid; ABCG2; ultrafiltration; Cortex Fraxini; fraxin

Online: 7 November 2023 (09:49:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0382.v1

Development of a “Green” Emulsion with Milk Protein Hydrolysate: Evaluation of Rheology, Texture, In Vitro Bioactivity and Safety

Mila Vukašinovic, Ivana Pantelić, Sanela Savić, Nebojša Cekić, Maja Vukašinović Sekulić, Jelena Antić Stanković, Dragana D. Božić, Anđela Tošić, Slobodanka Tamburić, Snežana Savić

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: peptides; protein hydrolysates; natural emulsions; sustainability

Online: 7 November 2023 (08:20:58 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0160.v1

Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids: A Comprehensive Review of Natural Occurring Compounds and Their Synthetic Derivatives

Camelia Hodoșan, Cerasela Elena Gîrd, Mihaela Violeta Ghica, Cristina-Elena Dinu-Pîrvu, Lucica Nistor, Iulius Sorin Bărbuică, Ștefan-Claudiu Marin, Alexandru Mihalache, Lăcrămioara Popa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: pyrethrins; pyrethroids; insecticides; terpenoids; pyrethrum.

Online: 2 November 2023 (10:36:10 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1939.v1

Systematic Review of Chemical and Biological Activity Studies of Extracts and Isolated Compounds From Nudibranchs

Neide M. M. Epifanio, Raquel Rennó Braga, Raul Rennó Braga, Vitoria Oliveira Silva, Nayana F Pereira, Bianca Augusto de Souza, Davyson de Lima Moreira, Douglas S.A. Chaves

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: marine pharmacognosy; natural products; nudibranch; terpenes; alkaloids

Online: 1 November 2023 (02:35:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1929.v1

Tween 80-Based Self-Assembled Mixed Micelles Boosted Valsartan Transdermal Delivery

Alaa Eldeen B. Yassin, Salam Massadeh, Abdullah A. Alshwaimi, Raslan H. Kittaneh, Mustafa E. Omer, Dilshad Ahmad, Alhassan H. Aodah, Faiyaz Shakeel, Majed A. Halwani, Saleh A. Alanazi, Prawez Alam

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Valsartan; Thin-film Hydration; Franz Diffusion Cell; Tween 80

Online: 30 October 2023 (11:44:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1773.v1

Phytochemical and Biological Investigations of Ficus carica L. Leaf Extract Along with Formulation Development

Syed Zia ul Hasnain, Maryam Ahmed, Abdullah Y. Alzahrani, Mohsin Abbas Khan, M asif Wazir, Khizar Abbas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Obesity; Diabetes; Ficus carica L.; Phytochemicals; Antioxidant

Online: 27 October 2023 (10:26:21 CEST)

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Utilization of medicine derived from plants has been documented in various traditional systems of medicines throughout the world for different diseases. Therefore, the current research work was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical and biological potential of Ficus carica L ethanolic leaf extract. For this purpose, physicochemical and phytochemical analysis, total phenolic and flavonoids contents was performed. Antioxidant potential was determined by FRAP, DPPH and H2O2 assay. Proteinase inhibition, heat induced hemolysis and BSA denaturation assay was carried out for inflammation. Antiglycation potential was assessed by fructosamine assay, Congo-red assay and estimation of free carbonyl groups. In-vivo antidiabetic, anti-obesity, effect on liver and kidney were investigated by high fat high sugar diet model. FTIR, HPLC and LCMS/MS analysis was performed to find out the compounds. Tablet based formulation was developed using wet granulation method and tested for physicochemical parameters. Results shows that total phenolic and flavonoids content was (333 mg GAE/g) and (123 mg RE/g) respectively, H2O2 assay shows 35.6% free radical inhibition potential, DPPH assay shows (IC50) inhibitory concentration at 0.58 mg/mL, and 88.769 µg/g Fe2SO4 solution FRAP values. Proteinase inhibition assay, Heat induced hemolysis and BSA-denaturation assay shows percentage inhibition of 28 ± 0.01, 55 ± 0.03 and 51.2 ± 0.05 respectively. In Antiglycation activity β-amyloid formation assay shows absorption of 0.017, Fructosamine assay shows inhibition of 19.4±0.06 and free carbonyl group estimation shows inhibition of 17.0±0.03. In in-vivo study FLE at (500 mg/kg) significantly decreased total bilirubin (p ≤ 0.001), decreased (p ≤ 0.05) alanine transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, decreased blood glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol (p ≤ 0.01) while HDL (p ≤ 0.01) was significantly increased in comparison to obesity and diabetic-obesity groups. Different functional groups presence was confirmed by FTIR spectrum. HPLC analysis revealed the existence of ferulic acid, rutin, chlorogenic acid, coumarin and thymoquinone and these results are corelated by LC-MS/MS. Pre-compression characterization showed angle of repose (33.04°), bulk density (0.54 g/cm3), tapped density (0.73 g/cm3), compressibility index (35.179 %) and Hausner’s ratio (1.35), while the post-compression characterization showed weight variation 826±4.17 mg, thickness 10.50±0.25 kg/cm2, friability 0.57 %, and disintegration time 8.19 min. From the above results it is concluded that F. carica L. leaves extract has strong antioxidant, antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential and can be used for an obesity and diabetes treatment.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1727.v1

Aspergilins A–B, Including a Unique Orsellinic Acid–Ribose–Pyridazinone-N-Oxide Hybrid, from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. A1E3

Binbin Wu, Chenglong Xu, Jianjun Chen, Guangying Chen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Aspergillus; pyridazinone-Noxide hybrid; sterigmatocystin; antitumor; cell cycle arrest

Online: 26 October 2023 (13:43:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1629.v1

Rapid Determination of Five Residual Solvents in Ursodeoxycholic Acid Raw Materials

Ran Zhou, Jing Yu He, Yi Shi, Xiao Ying Gao, Fei Wang, Si Jie Liu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: headspace-gas chromatography; ursodeoxycholic acid; residual solvents; triethylamine; tert butanol; ethyl acetate

Online: 26 October 2023 (03:38:35 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0491.v2

Advancements in Sustained-Release Drug Delivery Systems

Sharul islam Barbhuiya, KM Shabana, Vishal Kumar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: sustain release; nanoparticles; microspheres; control release

Online: 25 October 2023 (14:10:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1572.v1

Modulation of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation by Subinhibitory Concentrations of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles and Simvastatin

Ana Carolina Furian Da Silva, Sindy Magri Roque, Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte, Gerson Nakazato, Nelson Durán, Karina Cogo-Müller

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Staphylococcus areus; Statins; Biofilm; Antimicrobials; Silver nanoparticles

Online: 25 October 2023 (08:37:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1518.v1

Exploring the Potential of Using Marine-Derived Ingredients: From the Extraction to Cutting-Edge Cosmetics

João Pedro Costa, Luisa Custódio, Catarina Pinto Reis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: cosmetics; marine; extracts; algae; blue biotechnology; sustainability

Online: 24 October 2023 (10:30:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1464.v1

Effect of Pharmacoprophylaxis on Postoperative Outcomes in Adult Elective Colorectal Surgery: A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study within an Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Framework

William Olin Blair, Mary Allison Ellis, Maria Fada, Austin Allen Wiggins, Rachel Stratmen Wolfe, Gourang P Patel, Kara K Brockhaus, Molly Droege, Laura M Ebbitt, Brian Kramer, Eric Likar, Kerilyn Petrucci, Sapna Shah, Jerusha Taylor, Paula Bignham, Samuel Krabacher, Jin Hyung Moon, Monica Rogoz, Edson Jdean-Jacques, Robdert K Cleary, Ransome Eke, Rachelle Findley, Richard H Parrish II, Enhanced Recovery Comparative Pharmacotherapy Collaborative

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: enhanced recovery; ileus; outcomes, postoperative; pain, postoperative; pharmacotherapy; postoperative nausea and vomiting; prophylaxis; surgical site infection; surgery, colorectal; venous thromboembolism

Online: 23 October 2023 (15:34:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1375.v1

Gentiopicroside—The Biologically Active Plant Metabolite—An Insight into Its Pharmacological Significance and Future Perspectives

Lemonia Antoniadi, Magdalena Bartnik, Apostolis Angelis, Anna Wawruszak, Maria Halabalaki, Wirginia Kukula-Koch, Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: gentiopicroside; Gentianaceae; in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activity; molecular mechanism of bioactivity; health benefits; semisynthetic derivatives of gentiopicroside

Online: 23 October 2023 (10:32:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1000.v1

Talaramide: A New Ceramide from the Cytotoxic Extract of the Endophytic Fungus Talaromyces wortmannii

Fatma M. Abdel Bar, Amal A. Galala, Mohamed M. El-Sokkary, Ashraf T. Khalil, Amal Sallam

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Endophytes; Endophytic fungus; Talaromyces wortmannii; ceramide; Arundo donax; cytotoxic activity

Online: 17 October 2023 (05:08:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0935.v1

Multifunctional Biotechnological Lip Moisturizer for Lip Repair and Hydration: Development, in vivo Efficacy Assessment and Sensory Analysis

Débora Dahmer, Sara Scandorieiro, Briani Gisele Bigotto, Thays Amélio Bergamini, Jennifer Germiani Cardozo, Isabela Mazarim Da Costa, Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi, Gerson Nakazato, Dionísio Borsato, Sandra Helena Prudencio, Marina Leite Mitterer Daltoé, Maria Antonia Pedrine Colabone Celligoi, Audrey Alesandra Stinghen Garcia Lonni

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: lip moisturizer; levana; sophorolipid; Citrus paradisi essential oil; bioimpedance; sensory attributes; acceptance; buy intention; cosmetics

Online: 16 October 2023 (08:17:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0491.v1

Advancements in Sustained‐Release Drug Delivery Systems

Sharul islam Barbhuiya, Vishal Kumar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: sustain release; nanoparticles; microspheres; control release

Online: 9 October 2023 (15:01:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0299.v1

HA-Coated PLGA Nanoparticles Loaded with Apigenin for Colon Cancer with High Expression of CD44

Bo Yang, Yongqing Mao, Yanjun Zhang, Yue Hao, Meitong Guo, Bian Li, Haisheng Peng

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: API; PLGA nanoparticles; HA; CD44; colon cancer; targeted delivery

Online: 5 October 2023 (14:22:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0260.v1

The Effect of Edge Activator Combinations using a Langmuir Technique in Transethosomal Formulations for Skin Delivery of Thymoquinone

Hana Mohd, Katarzyna Dopierała, Anže Zidar, Amitkumar Virani, Bożena Michniak-Kohn

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: thymoquinone; transethosomes; ethosomes; langmuir study transdermal

Online: 5 October 2023 (08:14:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0142.v1

Chemical Composition and Insulin-Resistance Activity of Arginine-Loaded American Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) Leaves Extracts

Oleh Koshovyi, Inna Vlasova, Heleriin Laur, Ganna Kravchenko, Oksana Krasilnikova, Sebastian Granica, Jakub P. Piwowarski, Jyrki Heinämäki, Ain Raal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: American cranberry; Vaccinium macrocarpon; leaf extract; chemical composition; L-arginine; insulin resistance effect; 3D printing

Online: 3 October 2023 (10:57:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1844.v1

Incompatibility of Y-Site Administered Drugs: the Case of Acyclovir and Ciprofloxacin

Dorine Labrosse, Lugan Flacher, Thomas Bachelart, Ahcène Boumendjel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: drugs incompatibility; drugs interactions; acyclovir; ciprofloxacin

Online: 27 September 2023 (10:57:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1466.v1

Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) of the TLCScanner Method for the Determination of Radiochemical Purity of the Radiopharmaceutical Sodium Iodide 131I Oral Solution

Miguel Vasquez, Américo Castro-Luna, Norma Julia Ramos-Cevallos, Donald Ramos-Perfecto, Mario Alcarraz-Curi, Jacqueline Segura-Vasquez, Danny Cáceres-Antaurco

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: AQbD; CAA; MODR; Radiochemical purity; TLC-Scanner; Radiopharmaceutical; Sodium iodide.

Online: 21 September 2023 (09:57:22 CEST)

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The objective of the study was to apply the principles of analytical quality by design (AQbD) to the analytical method for the determination of the radiochemical purity (PQR) of the radiopharmaceutical sodium iodide 131I oral solution, by means of thin layer chromatography (TLC) with a Radio-TLC scanner, the same one that allows to evaluate the quality of the product. For the AQbD, the analytical objective profile (ATP), critical quality attributes (CQA), risk management, the method operable design region (MODR) were defined through the response surface methodology for method optimization using the MINITAB ® software, Control Strategy and the validation of the method where the parameters of selectivity, linearity, precision, robustness, detection limit, quantification limit, range and stability of the sample solution were evaluated. Under the experimental conditions, the conditions of the method were demonstrated by TLC-Scanner and optimization was carried out for an injection volume of 3 µL, radioactive concentration of 10 mCi/mL and carrier volume of 40 µL. It was statistically demonstrated that the method is selective for the 131I iodide band Rf of 0,8 and for the radiochemical impurity IO₃⁻ Rf of 0.6, linearity from 6,0 to 22.0 mCi/mL, intermediate precision with Global RSD of 0,624%, robustness with global RSD 0,101%, detection limit of 0,09 mCi/mL, quantification limit of 0.53 Ci/mL, conforming range, and stability of the sample solution evaluated over time 0, 2 and 20 hours with a global RSD of 0,362%, obtaining consistent results. The development of the method based on AQbD allowed the generation of a design space and an operational space with knowledge of all the characteristics and limitations of the method, likewise in all the operations the conformity of the tests to the acceptance criteria was verified. The validity of our method is concluded under the established conditions, suitable for use in the manufacturing process of sodium iodide 131I and application in nuclear medicine services.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1452.v1

The Use of Microfluidic Systems for Nanoparticle Production

Aysenur Bezelya, Berrin Kucukturkmen, Asuman Bozkır

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: microfluidic system; nanoparticle; lipid-based nanoparticles; polymeric nanoparticles

Online: 21 September 2023 (05:03:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0889.v1

Evaluation of Drug-Induced Dysphagia Profile Using a Japanese Real-World Database: A Pharmacovigilance Study

Eiji Kose, Mizuki Kawashima, Nobuhiro Yasuno

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: adverse drug events; drug-induced dysphagia; Japanese adverse drug event report; reported odds ratios

Online: 14 September 2023 (04:33:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.2153.v1

Thermosensitive Hydrogel-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Parenteral Application of Chemotherapeutics

Christina Voycheva, Marta Slavkova, Teodora Popova, Diana Tzankova, Denitsa Stefanova, Virginia Tzankova, Ivelina Ivanova, Stanislav Tzankov, Ivanka Spassova, Daniela Kovacheva, Borislav Tzankov

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Hydrogel gatekeeper; mesoporous silica nanoparticles; stimuli-sensitive delivery; chemotherapy; doxorubicin

Online: 31 August 2023 (12:35:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0092.v4

Chemicals in Essential Oils of Phlomoides rotata (Benth. ex Hook. f.) Mathiesen and Their Antioxidant Activities Potential

Zheng Pan, Chen Xie, Xiao Tong Yan, Yong Mei Su, Anwar Ul Haq, Jian Wang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Phlomoides rotata (Benth. ex Hook. f.) Mathiesen; Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudô; essential oils; fatty acids; n-hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid); chemical markers; antioxidant activities

Online: 28 August 2023 (08:27:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1553.v1

Anti-Cancer and Anti-Diabetics Potentials of Punicalagin Derivatives Extracted from Peeled of Pomegranate (Punica granatum)

Sabina Yasmin, Ajay Kumar Yadav, Rosolonjatovo Heriniavo Michael, Shabana Khatun, Sarthak Chauhan, Manoj Kurmi, Simranjit Kaur, Nazima Haider, Ajay Kumar Sah, Akash Kumar, Sumeet Gupta, Pritam Singh, Kavita Munjal, Mohammad Yousuf Ansari

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Punicalagin; hepatoprotective; polyphenols

Online: 22 August 2023 (10:10:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1493.v1

Chlorhexidine-Silver Nanoparticles Conjugation Leading to Antimicrobial Synergism but highly increased cytotoxicity

Nadezhda Ivanova, Neli Ermenlieva, Lora Simeonova, Iliyan Kolev, Iliya Slavov, Velichka Andonova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: silver nanoparticles; chlorhexidine; conjunction; complexation; surface functionalization; nano-scaled drug delivery; antimicrobial synergism; antiviral activity; Camellia sinensis catechins; green synthesis

Online: 22 August 2023 (09:52:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1201.v1

Antibacterial and Anti-quorum Sensing Activity of PAMAM G4 Loaded Quorum Quencher Peptide against MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus and Agr Mutants

Naifa A. Alenazi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; poly-amidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM); anti-virulence agent, accessory gene regulator; histidine kinase inhibitor.

Online: 16 August 2023 (20:32:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1194.v1

Rapid Limit Test of the Eight Quinolones Residue in the Food Based on TLC-SERS

Honglian Zhang, Min Zhang, Li Li, Wei Dong, Qiyong Ren, Feng Xu, Yanrui Wang, Tao Xu, Jicheng Liu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: TLC-SERS; quinolones; residues; aquatic products; animal foods

Online: 16 August 2023 (09:06:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1019.v1

Peculiarities of the Spatial and Electronic Structure of 2-aryl-1,2,3-triazol-5-carboxylic Acids and Their Salts on the Basis of Spectral Studies and DFT Calculations

Mauricio Alcolea Palafox, Nataliya P. Belskaya, Irena P. Kostova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: 1,2,3-triazoles; anti-cancer drugs; vibrational analysis; scaling; dimer calculation

Online: 14 August 2023 (10:36:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0997.v1

An Integrated Computational and Experimental Approach to Formulate Tamanu Oil Bigels as Anti-Scarring Agent

Megha Krishnappa, Sindhu Abraham, Sharon Caroline Furtado, Shwetha Krishnamurthy, Aynul Rifaya, Kumarappan Chidamabaram, Parasuraman Pavadai

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Bigel; Calophyllum inophyllum; Calanolide A; Piscean collagen; Tamanu oil; Molecular Docking; ADMET

Online: 14 August 2023 (08:47:53 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0938.v1

Exosomes: Potential Next-Generation Nanocarriers for the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases

Tosca Mori, Lisa Giovannelli, Anna Rita Bilia, Francesca Margheri

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: extracellular vesicles; exosomes; chemical composition; miRNA; nanocarriers; inflammation; neurological diseases; liver; kidney and lung injuries; rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis; intestinal bowel diseases

Online: 14 August 2023 (05:22:25 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0690.v1

The Importance of Antioxidant Activity for the Health-Promoting Effect of Lycopene

Anna Kulawik, Judyta Cielecka-Piontek, Przemysław Zalewski

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: lycopene; neuroinflammation; neurodegenerative diseases

Online: 8 August 2023 (14:49:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0092.v3

Chemicals in Essential Oils of Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo and Their Antioxidant Activities

Zheng Pan, Chen Xie, Xiao Tong Yan, Yong Mei Su, Anwar Ul Haq, Jian Wang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo; essential oils; fatty acids; n-hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid); chemical markers; antioxidant activities

Online: 8 August 2023 (11:09:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0248.v1

Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Oxidative Stress- And Lipid Parameters in Women Diagnosed With Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LSIL)

Anja Divković, Zinaida Karasalihović, Ivana Rumora Samarin, Damir Sabitović, Kristina Radić, Nikolina Golub, Lovorka Vujić, Marija Grdić Rajković, Dubravka Vitali Čepo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: alpha lipoic acid; lipid status parameters; oxidative stress parameters; LSIL, diet quality index

Online: 3 August 2023 (10:16:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0061.v1

A New In Vivo Method for the Determination of α-Glucosidase Inhibition in Natural Products as Treatment for Diabetes Mellitus Type II

María Pilar De Torre, Jose Luis Vizmanos, Rita Yolanda Cavero, María Isabel Calvo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: C. elegans; hyperglycemia; O. vulgare; in vitro digestion

Online: 2 August 2023 (04:59:16 CEST)

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Background: One of the main diseases of worldwide concern is non–insulin dependent Diabetes mellitus. 90-95% of patients with diabetes suffers from Type II diabetes, a metabolic diabetes whose prevalence is increasing in the world.Given the current prevalence of diabetes type II in society, research of natural compounds able to regulate glycaemia and insulin–resistance is nowadays covering importance, as alternative or co–adjuvant treatment to existing hypoglycaemic medicines. In pre–clinical steps of research, C. elegans is considered a promising in vivo model for the study of the molecular mechanism of glucose as part of anti–diabetic bioactivity.Most of the studies of insulin resistance with this in vivo model are carried out by using mutant strains such as daf-2 and the effects of the compounds are attributed a posteriori, after a physiological response of the worms rather than directly measuring preservation of activity inside the worm. Methods: The in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition of two oral formulations with Origanum vulgare extract before and after a simulated process of gastrointestinal digestion was evaluated. After confirming the in vitro activity, the α-glucosidase inhibition was tested in vivo through the new method proposed. Results: The crude extract showed an IC50 value similar to acarbose (positive control), before and after the gastrointestinal digestion. The encapsulated extract (111.86±1.25 µg/mL) did not present statistical differences with the positive control (110.10±1.15 µg/mL) after digestion. However, the powder formulation showed the highest hypoglycaemic activity (59.55±0.85 µg/mL).In vivo, the IC50 values showed similar profile than in vitro. Conclusion: A new simple and reliable method has been developed to determine pharmacological activities inside in vivo model C. elegans.The method has been evaluated with a hydroalcoholic extract of O. vulgare. The method is accurate and valid for the quantification of the inhibition of in vivo, allowing the direct attribution of this in vivo hypoglycaemic activity to the treatment. In addition, it opens the door to further research into in vitro pharmacological activities that require an in vivo counterpart.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2046.v1

An Updated Review of Developing Small Molecule Kinase Inhibitors Using Computer-Aided Drug Design Approaches

Linwei Li, Songtao Liu, Bi Wang, Fei Liu, Shu Xu, Pirui Li, Yu Chen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: CADD; SBDD; LBDD; kinase; small molecule kinase inhibitors

Online: 31 July 2023 (03:05:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1964.v1

Cost-effectiveness of Glucosamine in Osteoarthritis Treatment: A Systematic Review

Nam Xuan Vo, Ngan Nguyen Hoang Le, Trinh Dang Phuong Chu, Huong Lai Pham, Khang Xuan An Dinh, Uyen Thi Thuc Che, Thanh Thi Thanh Ngo, Tien Thuy Bui

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: economic evaluation; cost-effectiveness; glucosamine; osteoarthritis; systematic review

Online: 28 July 2023 (11:25:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0092.v2

Chemicals in Essential Oils of Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo and Their Antioxidant Activities

Zheng Pan, Chen Xie, Xiao Tong Yan, Yong Mei Su, Anwar Ul Haq, Jian Wang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo; essential oils; fatty acids; n-hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid); 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (hexahydrofarnesyl acetone); chemical markers; antioxidant activities

Online: 25 July 2023 (10:42:03 CEST)

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Due to the low content, very few studies were focused on the essential oils (EOs) of Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo (L. rotata), which has been used to treat rheumatic arthritis and grasserie in China. However, such EOs may have important pharmacological activities such as anti-cancer. To explore the potential of such EOs, we firstly conducted a thoroughly investigation on the chemicals in the EOs and their antioxidant activities (AAs), to the best of our knowledge. Light yellow EOs with fresh and elegant smell were obtained by hydro-distillation with average yield as 0.11% (volume mL/weight g). The crystal was separated from the EO through cryoprecipitation, respectively. Therefore, the EOs, crystals, and EOs removed crystals were studied further. A total of 55 components were qualified and quantified, in which 21 ones were first reported in these EOs. In the EOs, crystals and EOs removed crystals, the main compounds were long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and their esters, whereas the crystals presented relatively higher content of LCFAs and the EOs removed crystals presented relatively lower content of LCFAs compared with that of corresponding EOs. The most abundant compound n-hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), a kind of LCFAs, presented 47.1-60.8%, 61.3-69.2% and 17.8-44.8%, in the EOs, crystals and EOs removed crystals, respectively. Their AAs of three kinds of EOs, crystals and EOs removed crystals and a chemical marker as n-hexadecanoic acid were evaluated through DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy1 radical), ABTS ((2, 2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt), and FRAP (ferric reducing/antioxidant power) assays, respectively. Three kinds of EOs and EOs removed crystals presented some AAs, but not so strong compared with that of ascorbic acid. Usually, the EOs removed crystals showed some stronger AAs compared with that of the corresponding EOs. It should be noteworthy that the crystals showed nearly non AAs and even pro-oxidant activities. The palmitic acid (PA) also presented pro-oxidant activities in a concentration dependant manner. It can be deduced that the monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) including 9E-hexadecenoic acid, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid, and polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) only including linoleic acid detected in this study had some AAs. The FAs have important meaning for keeping the balance between oxidant and antioxidant which depends on their unsaturation extent. This study will give some hints for the full usage of such EOs with lower extracted rate and mainly composed of FAs such as PA.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1678.v1

Economic Evaluation of Glucosamine in Knee Osteoarthritis Treatments in Vietnam

Nam Xuan Vo, Uyen Thi Thuc Che, Thanh Thi Thanh Ngo, Tien Thuy Bui

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Economic evaluation; Cost-utility analysis; Glucosamine; Knee Osteoarthritis; Vietnam

Online: 25 July 2023 (09:18:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1147.v1

Best Possible Medication History Collection by Clinical Pharmacist in a Perioperative Setting: An Observational Prospective Study

Daniele Mengato, Lisa Pivato, Lorenzo Codato, Fabiola Fernanda Faccioli, Laura Camuffo, Maria Cecilia Giron, Francesca Venturini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: clinical pharmacist; pharmacist intervention; perioperative; surgical setting; potentially inappropriate medication; best possible medication history

Online: 18 July 2023 (04:15:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1054.v1

Brain-Derived Reconstituted Lipid Nanoparticles Show Selective Homing to Ischemic Brain

Dan Han, Cheng Wang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: reconstituted lipid nanoparticles; selective homing; ischemic stroke

Online: 17 July 2023 (10:46:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0810.v1

Development and in Vitro−in Vivo Correlation Evaluation of IMM-H014 Extended–Release Tablets for the Treatment of Fatty Liver Disease

Chi Zhang, Huihui Shao, Zunsheng Han, Bo Liu, Jing Feng, Jie Zhang, Wenxuan Zhang, Kun Zhang, Qingyun Yang, Song Wu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: IMM−H014; extended–release tablet; hydrophilic polymers; in vitro−in vivo correlation; non–alcoholic fatty liver disease

Online: 12 July 2023 (21:28:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0765.v1

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Quinoline and Anthranilic Acid Derivatives as Potential Quorum-Sensing Inhibitors

Ivana Perković, Tanja Poljak, Kirsi Savijoki, Pekka Varmanen, Gordana Maravić-Vlahoviček, Maja Beus, Anja Kučević, Ivan Džajić, Zrinka Rajić

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline; 1,3,4-oxadiazole; anthranilic acid; synthesis; quorum sensing; anti-biofilm; P. aeruginosa; PQS

Online: 12 July 2023 (21:25:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0825.v1

Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activity of Herbal Lipospheres of Pentaclethra macrophylla (Fabaceae) Stem Bark Extract

Petra Obioma Nnamani, Edith Obioma Diovu, Ikechukwu Emmanuel Peter, Akachukwu Marytheresa Onwuka, Chiamaka Victory Ogbbuanwu, Obiora Emmanuel Abonyi, Brigitta Loretz, Claus- Michael Lehr

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: solidified reverse micellar solutions (SRMS); Pentaclethra macrophylla; herbal liposphere; antinociception; anti-inflammatory activity; stem bark extract

Online: 12 July 2023 (11:51:52 CEST)

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Purpose: Inflammation of various degrees is common among humans. There are associated side effects with orthodox delivery systems and anti-inflammatory agents hence the study investigated the characteristics of herbal lipospheres and the anti-inflammatory potency of the lipospheres formulated from Pentaclethra macrophylla with the view to having a drug with a better delivery system and lesser side effects.Methods: Herbal lipospheres were formulated using solidified reverse micellar solutions (SRMS) of P90H and goat fat and characterized for particle size and morphology, pH – time dependent analysis, encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy. The in vitro antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory study were carried out using membrane stabilization by hypotonicity induced haemolysis and determination of anti-platelet aggregatory activity models. The in-vivo anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory studies on egg albumin and formaldehyde induced arthritis models were done. Total white blood cell count and differential blood count were carried out on the rats. Results: The results showed that there was no change in pH for the PM unloaded lipospheres and 2.5g of PM-loaded lipospheres from Day 1 to Day 7, but mild variation in the rest of the formulations. The EE ranged from 35.2% to 94% increasing according to the drug concentration. The photomicrographs of the lipospheres showed that the particles were spherical in shape. The particle sizes were within the acceptable range for lipospheres. FTIR showed no interaction. In the arthritis study, PM-loaded lipospheres inhibited edema consistently throughout the duration of observation. Inhibition of membrane increased steadily with an increase in concentration of PM in the lipospheres and the standard drug. The platelet aggregatory inhibition decreased steadily with an increase in concentration of the PM in the lipospheres as well as the standard. The T50 dose of PM had the highest percentage of WBC and it decreased as the treatment doses increased from T100 to T200. There was no significant differences among the Neutrophil counts of the different groups.Conclusion: The study, therefore, showed that the methanol extract of Pentaclethra macrophylla formed efficient herbal lipospheres with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0776.v1

Redox Modulatory Potential of Methanol Extract of Pentaclethra Macrophylla Stem Bark

Petra Obioma Nnamani, Edith Obioma Diovu, Peter Ikechukwu, Akachukwu M Onwuka, Obiora Emmanuel Abonyi, Obinna Chibueze Ibezim, Birgitta Loretz, Mariia Nesterkina, Claus- Michael Lehr

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Pentaclethera macrophylla stem bark; Methanol extract; Bergenin; Acute toxicity; Antioxidant; DPPH.

Online: 12 July 2023 (08:56:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0703.v1

Association of CYP2C9*2 Allele with Sulfonylurea-Induced Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Pharmacogenetic Study in Pakistani Pashtun Population

Asif Jan, Muhammad Saeed, Ramzi A. Mothana, Tahir Muhammad, Naveed Rahman, Abdullah R. Alanzi, Rani Akbar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Cytochrome P450 (CYP450); Pharmacogenetics; CYP2C9*2 Allele; sulphonylurea; hypoglycaemia; Pashtun; Pakistan

Online: 11 July 2023 (11:57:32 CEST)

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Polymorphism in cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 enzyme is known to cause significant inter-individual differences in drug response and occurrence of adverse drug reactions. Different alleles of the CYP2C9 gene have been identified but the notable alleles responsible for reduced enzyme activity are CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3. No pharmacogenetic data is available on CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 alleles in Pakistani population. In Pakistan pharmacogenetics which examines the relationship between genetic factors and drug response, are in the early stages of development. We for the first time investigated the association between the CYP2C9 variant alleles CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 and the incidence of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients who were receiving the sulfonylurea medications. A total of n=400 individuals of Pashtun ethnicity were recruited from ten different districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan to participate in the study. The study participants were divided into two distinct groups: the case group (n=200) and the control group (n=200). The case group consisted of individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) who were receiving sulfonylurea medications and experience hypoglycaemia with it whereas the control group included individuals with T2DM who were receiving sulfonylurea medication but did not experience sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycaemia (SIH). Blood samples were obtained from study participants following informed consent. DNA was isolated from whole blood samples using Wiz-Prep DNA extraction kit. Following DNA isolation, CYP2C9 alleles were genotyped using MassARRAY sequencing platform at centre of genomics Rehman Medical Institute (RMI). The frequency of CYP2C9*2 (low activity allele) was more frequent in the diabetic patients with sulphonylurea-induced hypoglycaemia (SIH) compared to the control group (17.5% vs. 6.0%, p=0.021). The frequency of its corresponding genotype CYP2C9*1/*2 was higher in cases compared to control group (10% vs. 6% with P=0.036), same was true for genotype CYP2C9*2/*2 (7% vs. 3.5 % with P=0.028). Logistic regression analysis evident potential association of CYP2C9*2 allele and its genotypes with SIH. When adjusted for confounding factors such age, weight, sex, daily dose of sulphonylurea and triglyceride level the association between the CYP2C9*2 allele and hypoglycemia remains consistent. Confounding factors played no role in SIH because both groups (cases and controls) were closely matched in term of age, weight, sex, mean daily dose of sulphonylurea and trigyleride levels. Our study suggests that genetic information about a patient's CYP2C9 gene/enzyme can potentially assist physicians in prescribing the most suitable and safest drug based on their genetic make-up.

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0688.v1

Granulomatous Mastitis Occurring during Pregnancy: A Case Report

Ryusei Yoshino, Nana Yoshida, Akane Ito, Nanami Ujiie, Masaki Nakatsubo, Manami Hayashi, Masahiro Kitada

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: granulomatous mastitis; pregnancy; Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii

Online: 11 July 2023 (10:51:32 CEST)

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Medicine and Pharmacology