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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0318.v1

Sulforaphane Reduces Chronic Inflammatory Immune Response of Human Dendritic Cells

Laura Fernández-Prades, Mariano Brasal-Prieto, Gonzalo Alba, Victoria Martín, Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz, Marta Cejudo-Guillen, Consuelo Santa-Maria, Hala Dakhaoui, Beatriz Granados, Francisco Sobrino, Francisca Palomares, Soledad Lopez-Enriquez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: nutraceutic; dendritic cells; T lymphocytes; anti-inflammatory response; autophagy; apoptosis

Online: 5 June 2023 (12:50:29 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0047.v1

Rethinking the Term "Energy Deficiency": A Critique of Oversimplification in Nutrition and Metabolism

Anssi H Manninen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: energy deficiency; energy balance; energy flux; terminology; mitochondrial diseases; glycogen storage diseases

Online: 1 June 2023 (07:26:40 CEST)

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This brief commentary challenges the use of the term "energy deficiency" in nutrition and metabolism, providing a critical examination of its scientific and philosophical aspects. It emphasizes the need to consider rare diseases associated with actual energy deficiency, which extend beyond the scope of everyday tiredness or fatigue. By analyzing energy balance and its complexities, this critique underscores the oversimplification associated with the term and its potential for misleading implications. It highlights the dynamic nature of energy metabolism and the intricate mechanisms involved in maintaining energy equilibrium, including the impact of rare genetic and physiological abnormalities. In addition to the discussion on energy balance, this commentary explores the manifestation of rare diseases that disrupt energy production, utilization, or hormonal regulation. Conditions such as mitochondrial diseases, glycogen storage diseases, adrenal insufficiency, and Prader-Willi syndrome are examined, shedding light on their profound impact on individuals' energy levels and overall health. The distinct time courses, underlying mechanisms, and clinical implications of protein deficiency, energy deficiency, and vitamin C deficiency are also compared, further emphasizing the complexity of energy metabolism and its relationship with various nutrient deficiencies. To foster a more comprehensive understanding of energy metabolism and enhance clarity in communication within the field, the commentary proposes the adoption of alternative terminology, such as "energy flux," to capture the multifaceted nature of energy balance more accurately. By reevaluating the terminology employed, researchers and healthcare professionals can better convey the intricate dynamics of energy metabolism and address the unique challenges faced by individuals with rare diseases causing actual energy deficiency. In conclusion, this commentary serves as a thought-provoking exploration of the concept of energy deficiency in nutrition and metabolism. It highlights the limitations of the term in capturing the complexities of energy balance, particularly in the context of rare diseases. By broadening the discussion to include these rare conditions, it encourages a more comprehensive understanding of energy metabolism and calls for precise and nuanced terminology to facilitate effective communication and advancements in the field.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2261.v1

The Integral Role of Diet including Natural Products in Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis

Ayse Gunes-Bayir, Beyza Mendes, Agnes Dadak

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Rheumatoid Arthritis; Nutritional Approaches; Natural Products; Mediterranean Diet; Elimination Diet: Diets

Online: 31 May 2023 (14:22:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1073.v1

Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Sports – a Comparison between a CGM Device and Lab-Based Glucose Analyser under Resting and Exercising Conditions in Athletes

Helen Bauhaus, Pinar Erdogan, Hans Braun, Mario Thevis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: continuous glucose monitoring; application in sports; carbohydrate management; active subjects; validation

Online: 16 May 2023 (03:52:33 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0629.v1

The Relations Between Antioxidant Intake and Biomarkers of Bronchial Asthma by Smoking Status

Naser A. Alsharairi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: bronchial asthma; antioxidant; vitamins; minerals; supplements; biomarkers; oxidative stress; inflammation; smokers; nonsmokers

Online: 9 May 2023 (09:47:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0608.v1

Comparative Study of the Body Composition Profile of Latin American Elite Soccer Playing in Europe

Javier Conde-Pipo, Jose Antonio Latorre, Nuria Gimenez-Blasi, Fatima Olea-Serrano, Bernardo Requena, Miguel Mariscal-Arcas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Football; athletic performance; body composition; Latin-American soccers

Online: 9 May 2023 (08:38:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0508.v1

Efficacy of Different Dietary Patterns in the Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children and Adolescents. A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies

Christina N. Katsagoni, Vasiliki-Maria Karagianni, Alexandra Papadopoulou

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Functional gastrointestinal disorders; IBS; dyspepsia; constipation; abdominal pain; low-FODMAP diet; fructose or lactose restricted diet; gluten-free diet; Mediterranean diet

Online: 8 May 2023 (10:17:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0412.v1

Development and Relative Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess the Intake of Non-Nutritive Sweeteners in Pregnant Women in Santiago de Chile: A Pilot Study

Sandra López-Arana, Rebeca Peralta, Veronica Sámbra, Karen Abrigo, Gabriel Prado, Paola Cáceres, Bielka Carvajal, Martin Gotteland

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: non-nutritive sweeteners; food frequency questionnaire; survey validation; pregnant women

Online: 6 May 2023 (10:20:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0321.v1

Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.), Incorporated Into Cookies, Reduces Postprandial Glycemic Variability but Has Little or No Ef-Fect on Subjective Appetite

Thomas M.S. Wolever, Janice E. Campbell, Fei Au-Yeung, El Hadji M. Dioum, Varsha Shete, YiFang Chu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: randomized clinical trial; humans; salba; blood glucose; hunger; fullness; MAGE.

Online: 5 May 2023 (07:43:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0187.v1

Effects of an Extract of the Brown Seaweed Ascophylum nodosum on Postprandial Glycaemic Control in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Study

Aleksandra Konic Ristic, Sinead Ryan, Maha Attjioui, Shane O’Connell, Eileen R. Gibney

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: brown seaweed; Ascophyllum nodosum; refined carbohydrates; postprandial glycaemia; insulin; diabetes; RCT; fucoidan; algal polyphenols; phlorotaninins

Online: 4 May 2023 (04:22:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0183.v1

Effects of Green Tea Polyphenols on Inflammation and Iron Status

Mary Jorgenson, Sixtus Aguree, Kevin L Schalinske, Manju Reddy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Iron; inflammation; EGCG; hepcidin

Online: 4 May 2023 (04:14:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0950.v1

Effects of Prolonged Fasting During Inpatient Multimodal Treatment on Pain and Functional Parameters in Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Exploratory Observational Study

Daniela Artemis Koppold, Farid I. Kandil, Oliver Güttler, Anna Müller, Nico Steckhan, Sara Meiß, Carolin Breinlinger, Esther Nelle, Anika M. Hartmann, Michael Jeitler, Etienne Hanslian, Jan Moritz Fischer, Andreas Michalsen, Christian S. Kessler

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: fasting; caloric restriction; osteoarthritis; dietary intervention; fasting-mimicking diet; integrative medicine; complementary medicine; Traditional European Medicine; nutrition; multimodal in-tegrative treatment

Online: 26 April 2023 (03:52:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0606.v1

Parent’s Perception on the Types of Support Given to Families With an Infant With Phenylketonuria

Sophie Cassidy, Sharon Evans, Alex Pinto, Anne Daly, Catherine Ashmore, Suzanne Ford, Sharon Buckley, Anita MacDonald

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: PKU; Phenylketonuria; social media; Facebook; healthcare professionals; dietitians; support

Online: 20 April 2023 (05:16:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0471.v1

Optimal Nutritional Support Strategy based on the Association between Modified NUTRIC Score and 28-Day Mortality in Critically ill Patients: A Prospective Study

Sunny Park, So hyang Park, Ye ju Kim, Geon Ho Lee, Hyung-Sook Kim, Sung Yoon Lim, Soo An Choi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: critically ill patients; 28-day mortality; modified NUTRIC score; nutrition screening tool; nutritionsl support strategy

Online: 18 April 2023 (03:40:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0406.v1

Dietary Tyrosine Intake Is Associated with Locus Coeruleus Integrity, Attentive Cognitive Control and Grey Matter Maintenance: An MRI Structural Study on 398 Healthy Individuals of the Berlin Aging Study-II

Emanuele Raffaele Giuliano Plini, Michael Christopher Melnychuk, Andrew Harkin, Martin J Dahl, Matthew McAuslam, Simone Kühn, Rory Thomas Boyle, Robert Whelan, Ralph Andrews, Sandra Duzel, Johanna Drewelies, Gert G Wagner, Ulman Lindenberger, Kristina Norman, Ian Hamilton Robertson, Paul Michael Dockree

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: tyrosine; Locus Coeruleus; protein intake; attention; grey matter; neuroimaging; diet; healthy aging

Online: 17 April 2023 (05:00:06 CEST)

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Background & aims It is documented that low protein and amino-acid dietary intake is related to poorer cognitive health and increased risk of dementia. Degradation of the neuromodulatory pathways, (comprising the cholinergic, dopaminergic, serotoninergic and noradrenergic systems) is observed in neurodegenerative diseases and impairs the proper biosynthesis of key neuromodulators from micro-nutrients and amino acids. How these micro-nutrients are linked to neuromodulatory pathways in healthy adults is less studied. The Locus Coeruleus–Noradrenergic System (LC-NA) is the earliest subcortical structure affected in Alzheimer’s disease, showing marked neurodegeneration, but is also sensitive for age-related changes. The LC-NA system is critical for supporting attention and cognitive control, functions that are enhanced both by tyrosine administration and chronic tyrosine intake. The purpose of this study was to 1) investigate whether the dietary intake of tyrosine, the key precursor for noradrenaline (NA), is related to LC integrity 2) whether LC integrity mediates the reported association between tyrosine intake and higher cognitive performance (measured with Trail Making Test – TMT), and 3) whether LC integrity relates to an objective measure of brain maintenance (BrainPAD). Methods The analyses included 398 3T MRIs of healthy participants from the Berlin Aging Study II to investigate the relationship between LC integrity and habitual dietary tyrosine intake-daily average (HD-Tyr-IDA). As a control procedure, the same analyses were repeated on other main seeds of the neuromdulatory subcortical system (Dorsal and Medial Raphe, Ventral Tegmental Area and Nucleus Basalis of Meynert). In the same way, the relationships between the five nuclei and BrainPAD were tested. Results Results show that HD-Tyr-IDA is positively associated with LC integrity. Similarly, LC integrity disproportionally relates to better brain maintenance (BrainPAD). Mediation analyses reveal that only LC, relative to the other nuclei tested, mediates the relationship between HD-Tyr-IDA I and performance in the TMT and between HD-Tyr-IDA and BrainPAD. Conclusions These findings provide the first evidence linking tyrosine intake with LC-NA system integrity and its correlation with neuropsychological performance. This study strengthens the role of diet for maintaining brain and cognitive health and supports the noradrenergic theory of cognitive reserve. Within this framework, adequate tyrosine intake might increase the resilience of LC-NA system functioning, by preventing degeneration and supporting noradrenergic metabolism required for LC function and neuropsychological performance.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0257.v1

The Effects of Short-Term Caloric Restriction on Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight/Obese Men and Women

Justin A. DeBlauw, Anna Churchill, Brigitte Yunda, Christopher J. Kotarsky, Abigail Caldwell, Stephen J. Ives

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: metabolism; fat oxidation; weight loss; adiposity; fasting; obesity

Online: 14 March 2023 (12:49:24 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0256.v1

Potential for Impact of Workforce Nutrition Programmes on Nutrition, Health and Business Outcomes: a Review of the Global Evidence and Future Research Agenda

Christina Nyhus Dhillon, Flaminia Ortenzi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: workforce nutrition; nutrition outcomes; health outcomes; business outcomes; healthy food; health checks; nutrition counselling; nutrition education; breastfeeding support

Online: 14 March 2023 (12:25:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0205.v1

Effect of Dietary Fiber Alleviate Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Associated with High-Meat Diet in Children

Zhi Du, Xiaoli Ye, Hao Fu, Jiabin Li, Jieying Ding, Guofei Ren, Linying Zhou, Xionge Pi, Jing Miao

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: dietary fiber; childhood obesity; gut microbiota; metabolite; high-meat diet

Online: 13 March 2023 (02:18:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0194.v1

One-Week Elderberry Juice Treatment Increases Carbohydrate Oxidation After a Meal Tolerance Test and is Well Tolerated in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Bret M. Rust, Joseph O. Riordan, Franck G. Carbonero, Patrick M. Solverson

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Berries; anthocyanins; functional foods; obesity; healthy volunteers; indirect calorimetry; meal tolerance test; insulin sensitivity; glucose tolerance

Online: 10 March 2023 (09:50:56 CET)

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Obesity in the United States continues to worsen. Anthocyanin-rich fruits and vegetables provide a pragmatic dietary approach to slow its metabolic complications. Given American diet patterns, foods with high anthocyanin content could address dose-response challenges. In a placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover pilot study, determine the effect of 100% elderberry juice on measures of indirect calorimetry (IC), and insulin sensitivity/glucose tolerance. Overweight and obese adults were randomized to a 5-week study which included two 1-week periods of twice-daily elderberry juice (EBJ), or sugar-matched placebo consumption separated by a 3-week washout period. Following each 1-week test period, IC and insulin sensitivity/glucose tolerance was measured with a 3-hour meal tolerance test (MTT). Treatment differences were tested with linear mixed modeling. 22 prospective study volunteers (18F/4M) attended recruitment meetings, 10 volunteers completed the protocol, and 9 were analyzed for treatment differences. EBJ was well tolerated and compliance was 99.6%. Six IC measures (intervals) were created which coincided with 10-20 minute gaseous samplings in-between MTT blood samplings. Average CHO oxidation was significantly higher during the MTT after 1-week EBJ consumption (3.38 vs. 2.88 grams per interval, EBJ vs. placebo, p = 0.0113). Conversely, average fat oxidation was significantly higher during the MTT after 1-week placebo consumption (1.17 vs 1.47 grams per interval, EBJ vs. placebo, p = 0.0189). This was in-line with a significantly lower average respiratory quotient after placebo treatment (0.87 vs. 0.84, EBJ vs. placebo, p = 0.0114). Energy expenditure was not different. There was no difference in serum glucose or insulin response between treatments. This pilot study of free-living volunteers describes significant change in IC but not insulin sensitivity with an EBJ intervention. Controlled feeding and increased sample size will help determine the utility of EBJ on these outcomes.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0145.v1

Factors Affecting the Vitamin C Dose-Concentration Relationship: Implications for Global Vitamin C Dietary Recommendations

Anitra C. Carr, Jens Lykkesfeldt

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: vitamin C; ascorbic acid; vitamin C requirements; vitamin C recommendations; body weight; obesity; smoking; aging; socioeconomic status; NHANES

Online: 8 March 2023 (03:47:32 CET)

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Vitamin C status is known to be associated with several demographic and lifestyle factors. These include gender, age, ethnicity, pregnancy/lactation, body weight, smoking status and dietary habits. In the present study, our aim was to interrogate the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018 datasets to assess the impact of these factors on vitamin C dose-concentration relationships to establish if there are higher requirements for vitamin C in certain subpopulations and the possible extent of these additional requirements. The relevant data were extracted from the NHANES 2017-2018 datasets, the final cohort of which comprised 2828 non-supplementing adult males and females (aged 18 – 80+ years) with both vitamin C serum concentrations and dietary intake data available. The data was subsequently stratified by gender, age tertiles (≤36, 37-58, ≥59 years), ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and total Hispanic), socioeconomic tertiles (poverty income ratios: >3.0, 1.36 – 3.0, ≤1.35), weight tertiles (≤72, 72-91, ≥91 kg), BMI tertiles (≤26, 26-32, ≥32 kg/m2) and smoking status. Sigmoidal (four parameter logistic) curves with asymmetrical 95% confidence intervals were fitted to the dose-concentration data. We found that males required vitamin C intakes ~1.2-fold higher than females to reach ‘adequate’ serum concentrations of 50 µmol/L. Males had both higher body weight and a higher prevalence of smoking than females. Smokers required vitamin C intakes ~2.0-fold higher than non-smokers to reach adequate vitamin C concentrations. Relative to adults in the lighter weight tertile, adults in the heaver weight tertile required ~2.0-fold higher dietary intakes of vitamin C to reach adequate serum concentrations. We did not observe any impact of ethnicity or socioeconomic status on the vitamin C dose-concentration relationship, and although no significant difference between younger and older adults was observed at vitamin C intakes > 75 mg/day, at intakes < 75 mg/day, older adults had an attenuated serum response to vitamin C intake. In conclusion, certain demographic and lifestyle factors, specifically gender, smoking and body weight, have a significant impact on vitamin C requirements. Overall, the data indicate that the general population must consume ~110 mg/day of vitamin C to attain adequate serum concentrations, smokers require ~165 mg/day relative to non-smokers, and heavier people (100+ kg) require ~155 mg/day to reach the same vitamin C concentrations. These findings have important implications for global vitamin C dietary recommendations.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0079.v1

Influence of Fasting until Noon (Extended Postabsorptive State), on Clock Gene mRNA Expression and Regulation of Body Weight and Glucose Metabolism

Daniela Jakubowicz, Rachel Chava Rosenblum, Orit Twito

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Keywords: fasting until noon; Circadian clock genes; fasting until noon; weight loss; overall glycemia; diet induced thermogenesis.

Online: 6 March 2023 (02:02:56 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0057.v1

Nutrition and Physical Activity as Modulators of Osteosarcopenic Adiposity: A Scoping Review and Recommendations for Future Research

Vesna Vucic, Danijela Ristic Medic, Aleksandra Arsic, Snjezana Petrovic, Marija Paunovic, Nadja Vasiljevic, Jasminka Z. Ilich

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: osteosarcopenic adiposity; osteosarcopenic obesity; nutrients; nutritional status; physical activity; resistance training

Online: 3 March 2023 (04:12:30 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0485.v1

Eating Disorders and Dietary Supplements: A Review of the Science

Susan J Hewlings PhD, RD

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: eating disorders 1; dietary supplements 2; disordered eating 3; eating disorder risk factors 4

Online: 28 February 2023 (02:16:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0302.v1

The Effects of Learning and Eating Behaviours among Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Sayeeda Rahman, Rita Kirton, Brenda Roach, Maria Teresa Villagomez Montero, Alexey Podcheko, Nader Nouraee, Sadia Ahsan, Joshua Noel Nisar, Ahbab Mohammad Fazle Rabbi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Learning behaviours; Eating disorders; SCOFF questionnaire; Medical Students; COVID-19 Pandemic; Barbados

Online: 17 February 2023 (07:30:16 CET)

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Background: The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has transformed medical education and is likely to have long-lasting effects on student learning, mental well-being, and eating behaviour. This study aimed to examine the learning behaviors of medical students at the American University of Integrative Sciences (AUIS), Barbados, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional web-based online survey was administered to medical students at AUIS from July until November 2021. The data collecting instrument recorded students’ demographic and learning behaviour information (Meo et al. 2020), and eating disorders (SCOFF questionnaire). Results: The overall response rate was 55% (n=120). In relation to learning behaviour, students agreed with the following statements: ‘deterioration in work performance and studying’ (48.4%), ‘remember subject’s contents appropriately’ (40.4%), ‘concentration on the studies’ (40.3%), ‘difficulty in performing two tasks simultaneously’ (38.7%), ‘difficulty in performing mental calculations’ (33.9%), ‘difficulty in recalling recent information’ (32.3%), and ‘difficulty in recalling old information’ (38.7%). Among the 8 dimensions of learning behaviors, deterioration in work performance or studying, and difficulties in recalling recent information were found to be significantly associated with the gender of the students. For SCOFF questionnaire, approximately 24.2% screened positive for eating disorders. Screening with the SCOFF test demonstrated that female, older (>25 years), overweight + obese, Clinical Sciences + PreMed, and non-USA-based students were at more risk of eating disorders. Conclusions: The results indicate that during the COVID-19 pandemic AUIS students have developed learning difficulties, and are likely to have eating disorders. University policymakers should take appropriate measures to support a healthy learning environment and improve students' mental well-being and eating behaviours.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0011.v1

Nutritional Assessment of the Symptomatic Patient on a Plant-Based Diet: Seven Key Questions

Gregory Adams Plotnikoff, Linda Dobberstein, Susan Raatz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Plant-based diet; Vegan; Vegetarian; vitamin B12; Iron; Essential fatty acids; Calcium; Zinc; vitamin D; essential amino acids

Online: 1 February 2023 (11:01:32 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0006.v1

Plant-Based Antioxidant Activity in the Human Body: A Comprehensive Review of Hormetic Influences Driving Positive Clinical Outcomes

Julie Wendt, Benjamin Knudsen, Leigh A. Frame

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: hormesis; polyphenols; clinical trials; antioxidants; reactive oxygen species; oxidative stress; plant-derived antioxidants; dietary antioxidants; nutritional hormesis; free radicals

Online: 1 February 2023 (03:03:40 CET)

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A consistent factor in the epidemic of chronic disease is a pro-inflammatory metabolic state. The ability of clinicians to use nutrients to balance inflammation by supporting oxidant homeostasis rests on the quality of research within the field of antioxidants. Understanding the intersection of two prominent theories regarding the role of antioxidants in quelling inflammation, nutritional hormesis and oxidant scavenging, will enable the therapeutic use of antioxidants in clinical practice. This review investigates the less well-established theory, nutritional hormesis, which has not been comprehensively reviewed recently to our knowledge. To understand the state of research on the hormetic response, we conducted a comprehensive literature review describing the relationship between dietary antioxidants, hormesis, and chronic disease. We used an adaptive search strategy in PubMed and Scopus, retrieving a total of 343 articles, of which 218 were unique. Title and abstract screenings were conducted by two reviewers independently with a third as a tiebreaker, resulting in 152 articles included in this review. Most studies reviewed the hormetic response in plant and cell models (73.6%) while only 2.2% were conducted in humans. Limitations exist in translating plant/cell/animal models into the complexities of human biochemistry and physiology that warrant consideration before extrapolating such results into clinical practice. A critical hurdle in our literature review process is the lack of standardized nomenclature describing the hormetic effect in the research community that challenges the ability to comprehensively review the subject matter. Further, aA knowledge gap exists between the cell culture and animal model research that shows a biphasic, hormetic quality to the role of antioxidants and the observational human studies, which have yet to corroborate these findings. Therefore, we cannot accurately translate this research into clinical care at this time.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0470.v1

Effects of Molecular Hydrogen in the Pathophysiology and Management of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases

Ram B Singh, Ghizal Fatima, Jan Fedacko, Villiam Mojto, Zuzana Sumbalová, Alex Tarnava, Oleg Pokotilo, Eugeny I Nazarov, Kyu-Jae Lee, Kristina. Ferenczyova, Jana Vlkovlkova, Barbora Kalocayova, Barbora Kalocayova, Jan Slezak, Cheol-Su Kim

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Antioxidant; free radical stress; endothelial dysfunction; dyslipidemia; diet

Online: 26 January 2023 (08:20:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0552.v1

Virtual Reality Exercise Program Effects on Body Mass Index, Depression, Exercise Fun and Exercise Immersion in Overweight Middle-aged Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Eun-Young Seo, Yeon-Suk Kim, Yu-Jin Lee, Myung-Haeng Hur

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: virtual reality; exercise; overweight; body mass index; depression; immersion

Online: 29 December 2022 (03:52:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0028.v1

Neck Circumference in Combination with Biochemical Variables as a Surrogate Marker of NAFLD: The FLiO Study

Mariana Elorz, Alberto Benito, Berta Araceli Marin, Nuria Perez del Campo, Jose Ignacio Herrero, Ignacio Monreal, Josep Tur, J. Alfredo Martínez, María Ángeles Zulet, Itziar Abete

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Anthropometric measurements; fatty liver disease; nutritional intervention; imaging techniques; long-term follow-up; neck-to-height ratio; non-invasive diagnostic methods; neck-to-weight ratio; FLIO study; steatosis markers.

Online: 1 November 2022 (10:04:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0026.v1

Tracking Obesity Phenotypes in Korean Adults Based on KNHANES (2015-2019)

Jieun Shin, Okhyun Kim, Myoungsook Lee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: obesity phenotypes, obesogenic environments, metabolic syndrome, K-score, food pattern

Online: 1 November 2022 (09:36:30 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0309.v12

Chronic Positive Mass Balance is the Actual Etiology of Obesity: A Living Review

Anssi Manninen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: obesity; body weight regulation; macronutrients; energy balance theory; mass balance model; paradigm shift; living review

Online: 18 October 2022 (04:11:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0128.v1

Cut Points of the Conicity Index and Associated Factors in Brazilian Rural Workers

Camila Bruneli do Prado, Cleodice Alves Martins, Ana Clara Petersen Cremonini, Júlia Rabelo Santos Ferreira, Monica Cattafesta, Luciane Bresciani Salaroli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Rural Health; Obesity abdominal; Metabolic syndrome

Online: 10 October 2022 (13:59:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0309.v11

Chronic Positive Mass Balance is the Actual Etiology of Obesity: A Living Review

Anssi Manninen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: obesity; body weight regulation; macronutrients; energy balance theory; mass balance model; paradigm shift; living review

Online: 29 September 2022 (03:02:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0309.v10

Chronic Positive Mass Balance is the Actual Etiology of Obesity: A Living Review

Anssi Manninen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: obesity; body weight regulation; macronutrients; energy balance theory; mass balance model; paradigm shift; living review

Online: 21 September 2022 (09:57:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0309.v9

Chronic Positive Mass Balance is the Actual Etiology of Obesity: A Living Review

Anssi Manninen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: obesity; body weight regulation; macronutrients; energy balance theory; mass balance model; paradigm shift; living review

Online: 16 September 2022 (03:18:08 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0309.v8

Chronic Positive Mass Balance is the Actual Etiology of Obesity: A Living Review

Anssi Manninen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: obesity; body weight regulation; macronutrients; energy balance theory; mass balance model; paradigm shift; living review

Online: 14 September 2022 (03:21:21 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0309.v7

Chronic Positive Mass Balance is the Actual Etiology of Obesity: A Living Review

Anssi Manninen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: obesity; body weight regulation; macronutrients; energy balance theory; mass balance model; paradigm shift; living review

Online: 13 September 2022 (03:08:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0111.v1

Prevalence of Malnutrition in Eastern Mediterranean Hospitals: Protocol of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Razieh Anari, Bahareh Nikooyeh, Houra Mohseni, Tirang Reza Neyestani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: eastern Mediterranean; EMR; hospital; malnutrition; prevalence; systematic review

Online: 7 September 2022 (11:06:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0102.v1

Effectiveness of Acute Malnutrition Treatment at Health Center and Community Level with a Simplified, Combined Protocol in Mali: An Observational Cohort Study

Suvi T. Kangas, Bethany Marron, Zachary Tausanovitch, Elizabeth Radin, Josiane Andrianarisoa, Salimou Dembele, Issa Niamanto Coulibaly, Cesaire Ouedraogo, Marie Biotteau, Bareye Ouologuem, Soumaila Daou, Fatoumata Traore, Issiaka Traore, Marc Nene, Jeanette Bailey

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: acute malnutrition; combined protocol; community-based management of acute malnutrition; ef-fectiveness; Mali; mid-upper-arm circumference; moderate acute malnutrition; ready-to-use ther-apeutic food; treatment; severe acute malnutrition; simplified protocol; wasting

Online: 7 September 2022 (05:21:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0309.v6

Chronic Positive Mass Balance is the Actual Etiology of Obesity: A Living Review

Anssi Manninen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: obesity; body weight regulation; macronutrients; energy balance theory; mass balance model; paradigm shift; living review

Online: 5 September 2022 (05:15:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0309.v5

Chronic Positive Mass Balance is the Actual Etiology of Obesity: A Living Review

Anssi Manninen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: obesity; body weight regulation; macronutrients; energy balance theory; mass balance model; paradigm shift; living review

Online: 2 September 2022 (03:30:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0309.v4

Chronic Positive Mass Balance is the Actual Etiology of Obesity: A Living Review

Anssi Manninen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: obesity; body weight regulation; macronutrients; energy balance theory; mass balance model; paradigm shift; living review

Online: 29 August 2022 (10:40:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0309.v3

Chronic Positive Mass Balance is the Actual Etiology of Obesity: Time for A Paradigm Shift?

Anssi Manninen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: macronutrients, body weight regulation, energy balance theory, mass balance model

Online: 26 August 2022 (03:33:17 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0309.v2

Chronic Positive Mass Balance is the Actual Etiology of Obesity: Time for A Paradigm Shift?

Anssi Manninen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: energy balance theory; mass balance model; body weight regulation

Online: 23 August 2022 (03:35:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0351.v1

Glutamate Rescues Altered Mitochondrial Function Following Recurrent Low Glucose in Hypothalamic But not Cortical Primary Rat Astrocytes

Paul Graham Weightman Potter, Kate L J Ellacott, Andrew Randall, Craig Beall

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: astrocytes; hypoglycemia; diabetes mellitus, type 1; mitochondria; glycemic control; hypothalamus; glutamic acid.

Online: 18 August 2022 (14:24:35 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0309.v1

Chronic Positive Mass Balance is the Actual Etiology of Obesity: Time for A Paradigm Shift?

Anssi Manninen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: energy balance theory; mass balance model; body weight regulation

Online: 17 August 2022 (08:45:00 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0394.v1

Massive Hydroxychloroquine Overdose in an Uncontrolled Diabetic Patient: A Case Report, Complications and Management

Elnaz Vafadar Moradi, Mohammad Hossein Kamalodfini, Sanaz Khorashadizade, Sara Abbasifar, Seyed Yasin Tabatabaeimehr, Hanieh Salmani Izadi, Mohammad Zahedi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: hydroxychloroquine; overdose, poisoning; hyperglycemia; hypokalemia

Online: 26 July 2022 (08:02:03 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0257.v1

High Exogenous Antioxidant, Restorative Treatment for Prevention of Heart Failure: The Heart Diet

Ram B. Singh, Jan Fedacko, Dominik Pella, Daniel Pella, Ghizal Fatima, Yulia Gushchina, Aminat Magomedova, Galal Elkilany, Mahmood Moshiri, Krassimira Hristova, Viliam Mojto, Patrik Jakabcin, Natalia Vanova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Western diet; oxidative stress; cardiomyocyte; micronutrients; dietary fat

Online: 20 June 2022 (03:38:07 CEST)

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Heart failure (HF) has become a public health problem, but exact pathophysiology is still unknown. Western diet characterised with high sugar, high fat, red meat and processed meat, eggs, fried foods and sweetened beverages, may cause oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to oxidative dysfunction and adverse effects on cardiac-ultra-structure. However, only little is known about oxidative function of the of the myocardium and how oxidative dysfunction predispose Ca-overloading resulting in to physio-pathological remodelling leading to HF. Antioxidants such as flavonoids and polyphenolics, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals as well as essential and nonessential amino acids that are rich in Indo-Mediterranean type of diets, may have protective roles in maintaining oxidative functions of the heart. The cardiac cells use fatty acids and glucose for the metabolic functions depending upon physiological and metabolic requirements. Apart from glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity is also damaging to cardiac cells which worsen in presence of deficiency of endogenous antioxidants and lower exogenous antioxidants in the diet. There is increased production of ceramide, advanced glycation end products (AGE) and triamino-methyl-N-oxide (TMAO) due to high sugar and high fat diets, leading to oxidative dysfunction and Ca-overloading. The biological changes may begin with physiological remodelling to pathological remodelling due to oxidative damages. High fat diet in combination with inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOSi) via N-arginine methyl ester has been found to preserve ejection fraction in a mouse model of HF. It is possible that increased supplementation of High Exogenous Antioxidant Restorative Treatment (HEART) diet; polyphenolics and flavonoids, vitamins, minerals, arginine, with omega-3 fatty acids, and cessation of red meat and egg may further improve the oxidative function of cardiac cells, resulting in the prevention and improvement in the earliest of the Six Stages of HF. Cohort studies and randomised, controlled trials would be necessary for demonstration of the role of HEART diet in the management of HF.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0295.v1

Sex Differences in Nutritional Status and Associated Risk Factors Among Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd) Patients in Lahore, Pakistan; A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

Amina Faheem, Qaisar Raza, Sanaullah Iqbal, Rakhshanda Batool, Umer Faheem

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases; Sex differences; Pakistani; Dietary intake patterns

Online: 23 May 2022 (10:30:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0071.v1

Malnutrition Screening and Assessment

Carlos Serón-Arbeloa, Lorenzo Labarta-Monzón, José Puzo-Foncillas, Tomas Mallor-Bonet, Alberto Lafita-López, Néstor Bueno-Vidales, Miguel Montoro-Huguet

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: nutrition screening tools; malnutrition; nutritional assessment

Online: 6 May 2022 (10:01:24 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0292.v1

Effects of Breakfast Skipping on The Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus

Ram B. Singh, Ján Fedačko, Ghizal Fatima, Dominik. Pella, Viliam Mojto

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Breakfast consumption; mortality; coronary diseases; obesity

Online: 29 April 2022 (08:20:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0217.v1

Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Malnutrition among Adult Haemodialytic Patients: A Two-Centre Study in Jeddah Region, Saudi Arabia

Firas S. Azzeh, Waad M. Turkistani, Mazen M. Ghaith, Lujain A. Bahubaish, Osama A. Kensara, Hussain A. Almasmoum, Abdullah F. Aldairi, Anmar A. Khan, Ahmad A. Alghamdi, Ghalia Shamlan, Maha H. Alhussain, Reham M. Algheshairy, Abdullah M. AlShahrani, Maysoun S. Qutob, Awfa Y. Alazzeh, Haitham M. Qutob

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease; Protein-Energy Wasting; Modified-Subjective Global Assessment

Online: 25 April 2022 (04:53:13 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0221.v1

Diet, Oxidative Stress, and Blood Serum Nutrients in Various Types of Glaucoma: A Systematic Review

Maryla Młynarczyk, Martyna Falkowska, Zuzanna Micun, Iwona Obuchowska, Jan Kochanowicz, Katarzyna Socha, Joanna Konopińska

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: primary open angle glaucoma; primary angle-closure glaucoma; PEX glaucoma; diet; oxidative stress; nutrients serum level

Online: 18 February 2022 (03:38:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0408.v1

Obesity Risk Factor Variation Based on Islands Cluster: A Secondary Analysis of Indonesian Basic Health Research 2018

Sri Astuti Thamrin, Dian Sidik Arsyad, Hedi Kuswanto, Armin Lawi, Andi Imam Arundhana

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Indonesia; islands cluster; multiple logistic regression; obesity; risk factor

Online: 27 January 2022 (06:53:58 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0278.v1

The Role of Diet in Prognosis among Cancer Survivors: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Dietary Patterns and Diet Interventions

Carlota Castro-Espin, Antonio Agudo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: systematic review; meta-analysis; dietary pattern; prospective cohort; randomized controlled trial; cancer prognosis; cancer survival; dietary intervention

Online: 16 December 2021 (15:06:33 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0193.v1

Liver Steatosis is a Component of the Hepatocardiorenal Syndrome Provoked by a High-Lipid Diet and Activation of Ang II Pathways in Rats

Thuany Crisóstomo, Marco A. E. Pardal, Simone A. Herdy, Humberto Muzi-Filho, Debora B. Mello, Rafael Luzes, Adalberto Vieyra

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: hyperlipidic diet; overweight rats; non-alcoholic liver steatosis; arterial hypertension; increased renal sodium reabsorption; hepatocardiorenal syndrome

Online: 10 December 2021 (15:08:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0016.v1

Perceptions of School Management on the Relationship between School Nutrition and Development of Non-communicable Diseases in a Rural South African District: A Qualitative Study

Sibusiso C. Nomatshila, Teke R. Apalata, Sikhumbuzo A. Mabunda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Nutrition program; vendor system; qualitative study; obesity; non-communicable diseases

Online: 1 December 2021 (13:10:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0540.v1

Lactobacillus plantarum Outperforms Enterococcus faecium on Anti-obesity Possibly through the Differences in Gut Dysbiosis Attenuation, Despite the Similar Anti-inflammatory Properties

Thunnicha Ondee, Krit Pongpirul, Kantima Janchot, Suthicha Kanacharoen, Thanapat Lertmongkolaksorn, Lampet Wongsaroj, Naraporn Somboonna, Natharin Ngamwongsatit, Asada Leelahavanichkul

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Probiotics; Dysbiosis; Obesity; High Fat Diet; Lactobacillus plantarum; Enterococcus faecium

Online: 29 November 2021 (12:59:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0460.v1

Low-Phosphate Meals Accompanied by a Minimum Dose of CaCO₃ Downregulates Pro-inflammation by Reducing CKD-MBD Indicators and Triggers by Decreasing Dietary Phosphate Intake

Barbara Ying-Jung Chen, Mei-Yi Wu, Mei-Yun Chin, Mai-Szu Wu, Jiun-Rong Chen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patient; Low-phosphate meal; CKD-MBD (chronic kidney disease-related mineral and bone disorder); Proinflammatory cytokine; TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha)

Online: 24 November 2021 (15:27:03 CET)

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High dietary phosphate intake and poor adherence to phosphate-binding-therapy elevate the risk of hyperphosphatemia in maintenance hemodialysis (HD; MHD) patients. Therefore, chronic kidney disease-related mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) indicators increase; consequently, risks of CKD-MBDs and inflammation are elevated. This double-blind, randomized control trial intervention study was designed to investigate the possibility of reducing blood CKD-MBD indicators and modulating inflammatory indicators by consuming low-phosphate (LP) meals accompanied by a minimum dose of a calcium-based phosphate binder (CaCO3). MHD patients were recruited and randomly assigned to an LP meal group (LP group) or a control group. After initial data collection, blood collection, and dietary counseling, subjects were asked to consume a washout diet for 1 week. During the washout diet period, subjects consumed their usual diet but took 1 tablet of calcium carbonate (1CaCO3) as a phosphate binder with each meal. After the washout diet period, subjects in the LP group and control group respectively consumed LP meals and regular meals twice a day for 1 week. Meat in the LP meals was boiled before the regular cooking process, but meat in control meals was not. All meals were supplied by a central kitchen so that the contents of phosphate and other nutrients could be identified. In total, 40 MHD patients completed the study program. After 1 week of the dietary intervention, the blood Ca x P product and dietary phosphate had significantly decreased in the LP group compared to the control group (p<0.05). The LP group had significantly lower variations in dietary phosphate intake, blood calcium, Ca x P product, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α than the control group by comparing differences between after the dietary intervention and the baseline (△after intervention - baseline, p<0.05). The increase in dietary phosphate intake (△3rd - 2nd dietary phosphate intake) augmented the increase in the TNF-α level by 6.24-fold (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 6.24 [1.12~34.92], p<0.05). These results highlighted the conclusion that LP meals accompanied by a minimum dose of CaCO3 downregulated pro-inflammation by reducing CKD-MBD indicators which was triggered by decreasing dietary phosphate intake.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0306.v1

Lifestyle Variations During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study of Dietary, Physical Activities and Weight Gain Among the Adult Population

Hanan Hammouri, Fidaa Almomani, Ruwa Abdel Muhsen, Aysha Abughazzi, Rawand Daghmash, Alaa Abudayah, Inas Hasan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Dietary patterns; BMI; Nutrition; Vitamins; Healthy Food; Dietary Supplements; Factor analyses; Internal Consistency; weight gain

Online: 17 November 2021 (12:09:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0009.v1

A Randomized, Open-Label Study to Assess Efficacy of Weekly Assumption of Cholecalciferol Versus Calcifediol in Older Patients With Hypovitaminosis D

Chukwuma Okoye, Valeria Calsolaro, Filippo Niccolai, Alessia Maria Calabrese, Riccardo Franchi, Sara Rogani, Giulia Coppini, Virginia Morelli, Nadia Caraccio, Fabio Monzani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: hypovitaminosis D; cholecalciferol; calcifediol; vitamin D; older patient

Online: 1 November 2021 (11:31:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0295.v1

Eating Disorder Symptoms and Body Image in Adolescents from Public Schools in Brazil

Roges Ghidini Dias, Ricardo Rodrigo Rech, Ricardo Halpern

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Obesity; Eating Disorder; Body Image; Adolescents.

Online: 16 September 2021 (16:34:57 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

‘Energy-dense, High-SFA and Low-Fiber’ Dietary Pattern Lowered Adiponectin But Not Leptin Concentration of Breast Cancer Survivors

Mohd Razif Shahril, Nor Syamimi Zakarai, Geeta Appannah, Ali Nurnazahiah, Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed, Aryati Ahmad, Pei Lin Lua, Michael Fenech

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: HMW adiponectin; leptin; dietary patterns; breast cancer survivors

Online: 20 August 2021 (15:30:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0384.v2

The Comorbidities of Childhood Obesity

Esther Ajari, Babatunde Ademusire, Abdulhammed Babatunde

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Obesity; Childhood; Comorbidity; Malnutrition

Online: 2 August 2021 (12:23:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0177.v1

Prediction of Weight Gain during COVID-19 for Avoiding Complication in Health

Samir Bandyopadhyay, Shawni Dutta, Sabyasachi Pramanik

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Overweight, obesity, deep learning, Convolutional layer, GRU, COVID-19, lifestyle.

Online: 10 May 2021 (11:22:56 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Baseline Levels of Vitamin D in a Healthy Population from a Region with High Solar Irradiation

Alicia García-Dorta, Lillian Medina-Vega, Jacobo Javier Villacampa-Jiménez, Marta Hernández-Díaz, Sagrario Bustabad-Reyes, Enrique González-Dávila, Federico Díaz-González

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Vitamin D levels; population-based distribution; healthy adults; high solar irradiation.

Online: 8 April 2021 (12:17:33 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0629.v1

A Systematic Review of Literature on Representation of Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups in Clinical Nutrition Interventions

Jaapna Dhillon, Ashley Jacobs, Sigry Ortiz, Karina Diaz Rios

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Health disparities; Underrepresented groups; Diet; Race

Online: 29 January 2021 (14:34:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0801.v1

Consumption of Sweet Beverages and Cancer Risk. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Fjorida Llaha, Mercedes Gil-Lespinard, Pelin Unal, Izar de Villasante, Jazmin Castañeda, Raul Zamora-Ros

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: systematic review; meta-analysis; cohort; case-control; sugar sweetened beverages; artificial sweetened beverages; fruit juice; cancer.

Online: 31 December 2020 (12:41:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0759.v1

The Prevalence of Insulin Resistance and the Associated Risk Factors in a Sample of 14–18-Year-Old Slovak Adolescents

Jana Jurkovicova, Katarina Hirosova, Diana Vondrova, Martin Samohyl, Zuzana Stefanikova, Alexandra Filova, Ivana Kachutova, Jana Babjakova, Lubica Argalasova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: adolescents; cardiometabolic risk factors; insulin resistance; abdominal obesity; lifestyle; nutritional habits

Online: 30 December 2020 (15:16:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0385.v1

16-Week Supplementation With a Mediterranean Diet-Inspired Ingredient Rich in a Diversity of Polyphenols Improves Health-Related Quality of Life of Overweight and Obese Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Clinical Trial

Cindy Romain, Linda H. Chung, Elena Marín-Cascales, Jacobo A. Rubio-Arias, Sylvie Gaillet, Caroline Laurent, Juana María Morillas-Ruiz, Alejandro Martinez-Rodriguez, Pedro Miguel Alcaraz, Julien Cases

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Health-related quality of life; Vitality; Body composition; Phenolic compounds; Mediterranean diet

Online: 15 December 2020 (13:09:12 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0533.v2

Prospects of Nutritional Interventions in the Care of COVID-19 Patients

Sabiha Alam, Farhana Rumzum Bhuiyan, Tanvir Hossain Emon, Mahmudul Hasan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Macronutrients; Micronutrients; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Immunity; Complications;

Online: 26 October 2020 (11:26:43 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0555.v1

Up to 40% of COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients Have Vitamin D Deficiency

Teresa-Maria Tomasa-Irriguible, Lara Bielsa-Berrocal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; covid-19; vitamins

Online: 23 September 2020 (17:44:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0354.v1

Effects of Gender and Obesity on Daytime Sleepiness in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Patients

Sushil Kumar Sah, Hua Zhang Tan, Sun Yu, Jin Feng, Yong Hong Zhang, Anil Kumar Shah

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: sleep apnoea; obstructive sleep apnoea; polysomnography; excessive day time sleepiness; obesity

Online: 16 September 2020 (07:19:33 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0026.v1

Immunomodulatory Effect and Supportive Role of Traditional Herbs, Spices and Nutrients in Management of COVID-19

Luxita Sharma

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: COVID-19; herbs; spices; nutrition; nutrients; immunomodulatory

Online: 2 September 2020 (05:06:56 CEST)

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Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new strain of coronavirus that causes respiratory illnesses with a start of flu like symptoms. This disease is fatal and is spread all over the world. The Scientist are working day and night to find vaccine or a cure. World Health Organisation has declared COVID-19 as pandemic [1]. In the view of the pandemic many treatments are being tried on the patients and various treatment modalities are being followed, the traditional medicine has shown a major role to manage this disease. The traditional medicines include the use of herbs, nutrition and spices that are freely available in Asian countries. These are used in day to day life by Asian population [2]. In this paper we have compiled and reviewed the role of various herbs and spices such as Oregano, Ashwagandha, Ginseng, Basil, Sage, Curcumin, Fenugreek, Ginger and Garlic in building immunity and also in curing pathogenic invasions based on evidence based researches. As there is no cure available for COVID-19 till now so supportive therapy is playing a major role for the patients to fight with this pandemic. The AYUSH ministry has also promoted the use of above herbs for a patient suffering from this disease. The corona virus is present in respiratory system as shown by different studies and it has different strains. The guidelines laid by the ICMR and WHO shows that use of herbs, spices and nutrients can be helpful to manage this virus by increasing the immunity in patients. Hence we are not claiming any cures but the herbs and spices used in day to day life are very much effective in management of COVID-19. World Health Organisation (WHO) has recognised the use of alternative and traditional medicine in the management of COVID-19 but the herbs should be used in prescribed amounts and overdose of them can be harmful for health [1,3]. Therefore the present article will enlighten the readers about the role of herbs, spices and nutrients in improving the conditions in COVID-19.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0629.v1

Municipal Residence Level of Long-Term PM10 Exposure Associated with Obesity among Young Adults in Seoul, Korea

Jayeun Kim, Kyuhyun Yoon

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Community Health Survey; CHS; PM10 long-term effect; young adults; BMI

Online: 28 August 2020 (09:26:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0332.v2

Glomerular Collagen Deposition and Lipocalin-2 Expression Are Early Signs of Renal Injury in Prediabetic Obese Rats

Eva Nora Bukosza, Tamás Kaucsár, Mária Godó, Enikő Lajtár, Pál Tod, Gábor Koncsos, Viktor Zoltán Varga, Tamás Baranyai, Minh Tu Nguyen, Helga Schachner, Csaba Sőti, Péter Ferdinandy, Zoltán Giricz, Gábor Szénási, Peter Hamar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: obesity; renal injury; lipocalin-2; collagen type IV; inflammation

Online: 22 August 2020 (03:56:22 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0461.v1

Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents. An Updated Review on Screening Methods

Maria M. Leti, Anca L. Pop, David M. Garner, Iuliana Dobrescu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: eating disorders; anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa; personality traits; screening tools; Covid-19

Online: 20 August 2020 (13:11:08 CEST)

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This article aims to review the screening and diagnostic tools for eating disorders (ED). Eating disorders represent a complex pathology defined by an imbalance between hunger and satiety, installed in an emotional, traumatic, or conflictive context. Recently, the emphasis regarding ED is focused on the link between genetics, mental pathology, and the somatic and metabolic phenotype and early detection. Early detection and intervention can assure a better recovery and can improve a lot the quality of life of these patients. Methods: We selected ten articles of central importance on the topic in a systematic search on eight databases, articles selected on the type of scales, and size of the study. Results: We identified eight questionnaire scales used in large trials in ED disorders in the scanned literature, choose because we consider it the most accurate and the ones that evaluate best the pathology and the elements that are important as specific traits in ED. There are interview-type scales and self-administered scales. Interview scales are characterized by assessments of symptoms and diagnosis, while self-administered assess particular traits and the possibility of further development of eating disorders. The majority of the scales evaluated were described and used in adult populations. From all the scales assessed and analyzed, only three are described at the child population – it is EAT-26 (> 16 years), EDI-3 (>13 years), and ANSOCQ (> 13 years). Conclusions: It is essential to develop specific scales for people under 18 years of age, given the increasing incidence of ED among children and the need for early detection and appropriate intervention. Early detection of ED in children implies a simple and accurate evaluation at the primary care level or in schools, as the course of the disease can be subclinical for several years. Moreover, the need for accurate scales and telemedicine testing and diagnosis is of high importance during the COVID-19 pandemic as youth are at particular risk being psychologically affected due to disrupted education and social interactions - at a critical time.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0419.v1

Obesity Promotes Glucocorticoid-dependent Muscle Atrophy in Male C57BL/6J Mice.

Laura C. Gunder, Innocence Harvey, JeAnna R. Redd, Carol S. Davis, Ayat AL-Tamimi, Susan V. Brooks, Dave Bridges

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: glucocorticoids; atrophy; obesity; atrogenes; insulin resistance

Online: 20 August 2020 (02:38:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0346.v1

Feasibility, Process, and Effects of Short-Term Calorie Reduction in Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: An Integrative Review

Chia-Chun Tang, Hsi Chen, Tai-Chung Huang, Wei-Wen Wu, Jing-Mei Lin, Feng-Ming Tien

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Integrative review; Short-term Calorie Reduction; Fasting; Cancer; Chemotherapy; Calorie Restriction

Online: 15 August 2020 (09:41:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0299.v1

Impact of Strategies for Preventing Obesity and Risk Factors for Eating Disorders Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Ana Carolina Leme, Jess Haines, Lisa Tang, Karin Dunker, Sonia Tucunduva Philippi, Mauro Fisberg, Gerson Luis Ferrari, Regina Mara Fisberg

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Obesity; Eating Disorders; Adolescents; Prevention programs; Systematic Review

Online: 13 August 2020 (10:38:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0174.v1

Diet and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Individuals with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Fotios Barkas, Tzortzis Nomikos, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Demosthenes Panagiotakos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: diet; plant sterols; stanols; omega-3 fatty acids; familial hypercholesterolemia

Online: 7 August 2020 (06:13:47 CEST)

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Background: Although a cholesterol-lowering diet and the addition of plant sterols and stanols are suggested for the lipid management of children and adults with familial hypercholesterolemia, there is limited evidence evaluating such interventions in this population. Objectives: To investigate the impact of cholesterol-lowering diet and other dietary interventions on the incidence or mortality of cardiovascular disease and lipid profile of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Search methods: Relevant trials were identified by searching US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Metabolism Trials Register and clinicaltrials.gov.gr using the following terms: diet, dietary, plant sterols, stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, fiber and familial hypercholesterolemia. Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of cholesterol-lowering diet or other dietary interventions in children and adults with familial hypercholesterolemia were included. Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently assessed the trial eligibility and bias risk and one extracted the data, with independent verification of data extraction by a colleague. Results: A total of 17 trials were finally included, with a total of 376 participants across 8 comparison groups. The included trials had either a low or unclear bias risk for most of the parameters used for risk assessment. Cardiovascular incidence or mortality were not evaluated in any of the included trials. Among the planned comparisons regarding patients’ lipidemic profile, a significant difference was noticed for the following comparisons and outcomes: omega-3 fatty acids reduced triglycerides (mean difference [MD]: -0.27 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.47 to -0.07, p<0.01) when compared with placebo. A non-significant trend towards a reduction in subjects’ total cholesterol (MD: -0.34, 95% CI: -0.68 to 0, mmol/L, p=0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD: -0.31, 95% CI: -0.61 to 0, mmol/L, p=0.05) was noticed. In comparison with cholesterol-lowering diet, the additional consumption of plant stanols decreased total cholesterol (MD: -0.62 mmol/l, 95% CI: -1.13 to -0.11, p=0.02) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD: -0.58 mmol/l, 95% CI: -1.08 to -0.09, p=0.02). The same was by plant sterols (MD: -0.46 mmol/l, 95% CI: -0.76 to -0.17, p<0.01 for cholesterol, and MD: -0.45 mmol/l, 95% CI: -0.74 to -0.16, p<0.01 for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol). No heterogeneity was noticed among the studies included in these analyses. Conclusions: Available trials confirm that the addition of plant sterols or stanols has a cholesterol-lowering effect on such individuals. On the other hand, supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids effectively reduces triglycerides and might have a role in lowering the cholesterol of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Additional studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of a cholesterol-lowering diet or the addition of soya protein and dietary fibers to a cholesterol-lowering diet in familial hypercholesterolemia.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0533.v1

Prospects of Nutritional Interventions in the Care of COVID-19 Patients

Sabiha Alam, Farhana Rumzum Bhuiyan, Tanvir Hossain Emon, Mahmudul Hasan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Macronutrients; Micronutrients; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Immunity; Complications;

Online: 23 July 2020 (07:09:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0531.v1

Dietary Calcium Intake in a Cohort of Individuals Evaluated for Low Bone Mineral Density: A Multicentre Italian Study

Elisa Cairoli, Carmen Aresta, Luca Giovanelli, Cristina Eller-Vainicher, Silvia Migliaccio, Sandro Giannini, Andrea Giusti, Claudio Marcocci, Stefano Gonnelli, Giancarlo Isaia, Maurizio Rossini, Iacopo Chiodini, Marco Di Stefano

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: dietary calcium intake; osteoporosis; fractures

Online: 22 July 2020 (14:11:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0147.v1

Impact of a Moderately Hypocaloric Mediterranean Diet on the Gut Microbiota Composition of Italian Obese Patients

Silvia Pisanu, Vanessa Palmas, Veronica Madau, Emanuela Casula, Andrea Deledda, Roberto Cusano, Paolo Uva, Sarah Vascellari, Francesco Boi, Andrea Loviselli, Aldo Manzin, Fernanda Velluzzi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: gut microbiota; obesity; weight-loss; Mediterranean diet; 16S rRNA; High-throughput sequencing

Online: 8 July 2020 (11:07:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0311.v1

Medicinal Plant-based Functional Foods for the Management of Neurological Health

Md. Nasir Ahmed

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: functional food; dietary supplement; phytochemicals; nutritional neuroscience; gut microbiome; personalized nutrition; Bangladesh

Online: 26 June 2020 (12:23:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0274.v1

Association between Bone Turnover Markers, Leptin and Nutritional Status in Girls with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS)

Edyta Matusik, Jacek Durmala, Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, Jerzy Chudek, Pawel Matusik

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; bone turnover markers; leptin; body composition

Online: 21 June 2020 (14:33:41 CEST)

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The link between scoliotic deformity and bone metabolism in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has not been well researched. Moreover, the data concerning the cross-talk between fat tissue content/hormonal activity and bone markers in this group of patients are lacking. The objective of this study was to correlate the extent of scoliotic-curve severity with the bone turnover vs. leptin level and nutritional status in girls with AIS. The study encompassed 77 AIS girls, aged 14.7 ± 2.17 years. Scoliotic curve severity assessed by Cobb’s angle was categorized as mild (10-19o) moderate (20-39º) or severe (≥40º). Corrected height, weight, waist and hip circumferences were measured and body mass index (BMI), corrected height Z-score, BMI Z-score and waist/height ratio (WHtR) were calculated for the entire group. Body composition parameters: fat mass (FAT), fat-free mass (FFM) and predicted muscle mass (PMM) were determined using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Bone turnover markers (osteocalcin (OC) and amino terminal of collagen cross-links NTx) and leptin levels were assessed in serum. Multiple regression analysis showed that, OC, NTx (negatively with p<0.05) and leptin (positively with p<0.01) were significantly associated with curve severity in AIS girls. Moreover, Cobb’s angle was positively correlated with W/HtR (p<0.01)and FAT (p<0.05). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences in leptin (p<0.05 vs. mild only), OC (p<0.05 vs. mild and moderate)) and W/HtR (p<0.01 and p<0.05 vs. mild and moderate respectively) between the three AIS severity subgroups. OC was significantly lower in the severe AIS subgroup, while leptin and W/HtR were significantly higher. Significant correlations between leptin and anthropometrical parameters as BMI z-score and W/HtR were shown. Leptin level correlated also significantly with BMI z score (p<0.001), W/HtR (p<0.0001) and body composition parameters (p<0.000001). Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between NTx and leptin level (p<0.05). Bone metabolism in AIS girls seems to be altered and significantly related to the scoliotic curve severity. Leptin may be a crucial link in the cross-talk between bone turnover and body composition in this group of patients. Further studies concerning this topic are needed.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Adolescents Are More than Twice as Likely to Consume Soft Drinks and Chips at Locations Away from Home and School: Correspondence Analysis and Logistic Regression Results from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme

Luigi Palla, Andrew Chapman, Eric Beh, Gerda Pot, Eva Almiron-Roig

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: obesity; eating context; nutrient-poor foods; nutritional surveillance; adolescents; survey data analysis; data-mining; correspondence analysis; biplots

Online: 9 June 2020 (13:52:45 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Factors Affecting Vitamin C Status and Prevalence of Deficiency: A Global Health Perspective

Anitra C. Carr, Sam Rowe

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: vitamin C; vitamin C status; vitamin C deficiency; global health; dietary intake; obesity; smoking; communicable disease; infection; non-communicable disease

Online: 4 June 2020 (03:49:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0516.v1

Plant-Dominant Low-Protein Diet for Conservative Management of Chronic Kidney Disease

Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Shivam Joshi, Rebecca Schlueter, Joanne L. Cooke, Amanda Brown-Tortorici, Meghan Donnelly, Sherry Schulman, Wei Ling Lau, Connie M. Rhee, Elani Streja, Ekamol Tantisattamo, Antoney J. Ferrey, Ramy S. Hanna, Joline L. Chen, Shaista Malik, Danh V. Nguyen, Susan T. Crowley, Csaba P. Kovesdy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Plant-dominant diet; low-protein diet; dietary protein intake; glomerular hyperfiltration; CKD prevention; uremia

Online: 31 May 2020 (21:22:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0449.v1

Time to Cure and Predictors of Recovery among Children Aged 6-59 Months with Severe Acute Malnutrition Admitted in Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia

Robel Kabthymer, Getu Gizaw, Tefera Belachew

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: retrospective cohort; predictors; recovery; severe acute malnutrition; Jimma

Online: 27 May 2020 (08:59:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0436.v1

Effect of Meal Frequency on the Loss Weight, Glycemia, Lipid Profile, Plasma Ghrelin and Energy Expenditure of Women With Obesity: A Clinical Trial

Érika Duarte Grangeiro, Mariana Silva Trigueiro, Leysimar de Oliveira Siais, Hilana Moreira Paiva, Mauro Sola-Penna, Eliane Lopes Rosado

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: obesity; meal frequency; hypocaloric diet; energy expenditure; ghrelin; weight loss

Online: 27 May 2020 (04:27:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0406.v1

A Single Arm Study to Evaluate the Transfer of Drospirenone to Breast Milk after Reaching Steady State after Oral Administration of 4 MG Drospirenone Only Pill in Healthy Lactating Female Volunteers

Dace Melka, Kalev Kask, Enrico Colli, Pedro-Antonio Regidor

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Drospirenone 4mg; breastfeeding; plasma concentration; milk concentration

Online: 24 May 2020 (20:26:11 CEST)

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Objective: The primary objective of this trial was to assess the transfer of drospirenone to breast milk after daily administration of an oral test preparation containing 4 mg of drospirenone at the steady state. The secondary objective of the trial was to assess the safety of the preparation based on safety clinical and laboratory measurements (at the beginning and at the end of the trial) and reporting of adverse events and/or adverse drug reactions. Patients and Methods: This was an open label, non-comparative single center study. Drospirenone 4mg per day was the first postpartum contraceptive for the study participants who were no longer breastfeeding yet were still lactating. It was administered for 7 (seven) days to achieve steady-state concentration. All participants were volunteers who planned to use oral contraceptives as their family planning method in the future. Results: A total number of 12 volunteers completed the trial according to the protocol and the samples of all the 12 study completers were analyzed. The average concentration-time curve of drospirenone in plasma 24 h after the administration of the last dose (AUC(0-24h)) was 635.33 ng*h/mL and 120 h after the single repeat dose administration (AUC(0-120h) was 1180.57 ng*h/mL, respectively. The average Cmax was 48.64 ng/mL. The average concentration-time curve of drospirenone in milk 24 h after the administration of the last dose (AUC(0-24h)) was 134.35 ng*h/mL and 120 h after the single repeat dose administration (AUC(0-120h) was 227.17 ng*h/mL respectively. The average Cmax was 10.34 ng/mL. Conclusion: On average 18.13% of plasma drospirenone made it to breast milk and the highest concentration of drospirenone in breast milk was 17.55% of that in plasma. The total quantity of drospirenone passing to breast milk is on average 4478 ng during a 24 h period representing 0.11% of the maternal daily dose. Thus, at the recommended doses, no effects on breastfed newborns/infants are anticipated with drospirenone 4 mg.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0265.v1

The Essential Role of Vitamin D in the Biosynthesis of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides May Explain Why Deficiency Increases Mortality Risk in COVID-19 Infections

Patrick J. McCullough, Jeffrey Amend, William P. McCullough, Steven J. Repas, Jeffrey B. Travers, Douglas S. Lehrer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: vitamin D; cathelicidin; antimicrobial peptides; bacteria; mycobacteria; virus; coronavirus; sunshine; UVB phototherapy; tuberculosis; COVID-19; photosynthesis

Online: 16 May 2020 (16:02:26 CEST)

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Abstract: A primary action of vitamin D is regulation of gene transcription. Many cell types possess genes that make antimicrobial peptides (AMPS) (endogenous antibiotics), recently discovered to be regulated by vitamin D. Two examples are cathelicidin and beta defensins, both bioactive against many different bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria, parasites and viruses. The signal transduction pathway is triggered by sensing microorganisms via cell surface receptors, causing intracellular production of calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D) and vitamin D receptors, leading to upregulation of AMP production. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations required to sustain adequate AMP production to eradicate infections are unknown. Vitamin D3 is photosynthesized in skin in amounts ranging from 10,000 (250 mcg) to 25,000 (625 mcg) International Units (IU) from 7-dehydrocholesterol after whole-body exposure to one minimal erythemal dose (MED) of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, and is impacted by many factors including geographic localities, seasonal changes and skin pigmentation. We and others have reported extended daily oral dosing with these amounts of vitamin D3 safe. We routinely observe serum 25(OH)D concentrations below 20ng/ml on new admissions, which have been reported insufficient to sustain AMP production. In contrast serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 100ng/ml have been reported after serial UVB treatments for psoriasis. Little vitamin D naturally occurs in food, and insufficient sun exposure may be causing worldwide deficiency. We review evidence suggesting that higher daily intakes of vitamin D3 than the currently recommended 600 (15 mcg) IU/day may be necessary to sustain AMP production in the face of an overwhelming infection, particularly in non-Hispanic blacks, a high risk population suffering the worst outcomes from COVID-19. We propose that increased vitamin D supplementation could provide a safe and cost-effective way to protect all populations from infections, in particular those from pandemic COVID-19.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0166.v1

Body Mass Index (BMI) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Living Systematic Review

Jose M. Soriano, Aránzazu González, Carla Soler, Ana I. Catalá-Gregori, J. Francisco Merino-Torres

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: BMI; COVID-19; obesity; overweight; nutrition

Online: 10 May 2020 (14:37:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0442.v1

Relative Handgrip Strength is Inversely Associated with the Presence of Type 2 Diabetes in Overweight Elderly Women with Varying Nutritional Status

Mauro Lombardo, Elvira Padua, Francesca Campoli, Michele Panzarino, Veronica Mîndrescu, Giuseppe Annino, Ferdinando Iellamo, Alfonso Bellia

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: nutrition status; muscle strength; diabetes; handgrip; insulin resistance; functional tests

Online: 24 April 2020 (13:52:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0292.v1

Effects of Porphyra tenera Supplementation on the Immune System: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Su-Jin Jung, Hui-Yeon Jang, Eun-Soo Jung, Soon-Ok Noh, Sang-Wook Shin, Ki-Chan Ha, Hyang-Im Baek, Byung-Jae Ahn, Tae-Hwan Oh, Soo-Wan Chae

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Porphyra tenera; immune; clinical trial; natural killer cells; cytokines

Online: 17 April 2020 (02:15:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0200.v1

Long-Term Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation in Obese Children During Integrated Weight-Loss Programme - A Double Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Michał Brzeziński, Agnieszka Jankowska, Magdalena Słomińska-Frączek, Paulina Metelska, Piotr Wiśniewski, Piotr Socha, Agnieszka Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: vitamin D; obesity; weight-loss; body composition

Online: 12 April 2020 (16:44:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0109.v1

The Protective Effect of Cynara Cardunculus Extract in Diet-Induced NAFLD: Involvement of OCTN1 and OCTN2 Transporter Subfamily

Francesca Oppedisano, Carolina Muscoli, Vincenzo Musolino, Cristina Carresi, Caterina Giancotta, Francesca Bosco, Jessica Maiuolo, Federica Scarano, Roberta Macrì, Sara Paone, Saverio Nucera, Maria Caterina Zito, Miriam Scicchitano, Stefano Ruga, Monica Ragusa, Ernesto Palma, Annamaria Tavernese, Rocco Mollace, Ezio Bombardelli, Vincenzo Mollace

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: insulin-resistance; hyperlipidemia; non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); OCTN1; OCTN2

Online: 8 April 2020 (03:22:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0462.v1

The Effect of Parenteral or Oral Iron Supplementation on Fatigue, Sleep, Quality of Life and Restless Legs Syndrome in Iron Deficient Blood Donors: A Secondary Analysis of the Ironwoman Rct

Susanne Macher, Cornelia Herster, Magdalena Holter, Martina Moritz, Eva Maria Matzhold, Tatjana Stojakovic, Thomas R. Pieber, Peter Schlenke, Camilla Drexler, Karin Amrein

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: iron; blood donation; restless legs syndrome; quality of life; sleep; fatigue

Online: 31 March 2020 (22:32:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0235.v2

Evidence That Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

William B. Grant, Henry Lahore, Sharon L. McDonnell, Carole A. Baggerly, Christine B. French, Jennifer L. Aliano, Harjit Pal Bhattoa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); ascorbic acid; cathelicidin; coronavirus; COVID-19; cytokine storm; influenza; observational; pneumonia, prevention; respiratory tract infection; solar radiation; treatment; UVB; vitamin C; vitamin D

Online: 30 March 2020 (05:48:43 CEST)

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The world is in the grips of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health measures that can reduce the risk of infection and death in addition to quarantines are desperately needed. This article reviews the roles of vitamin D in reducing risk of respiratory tract infections, knowledge about the epidemiology of influenza and COVID-19, and how vitamin D supplementation might be a useful measure to reduce risk. Through several mechanisms, vitamin D can reduce risk of infections. Those mechanisms include inducing cathelicidins and defensins that can lower viral replication rates and reducing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines that produce the inflammation that injures the lining of the lungs, leading to pneumonia, as well as increase concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several observational studies and clinical trials reported that vitamin D supplementation reduced risk of influenza, whereas others did not. Evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in reducing risk of COVID-19 includes that the outbreak occurred in winter, a time when 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations are lowest; that the number of cases in the Southern Hemisphere near the end of summer are low; that vitamin D deficiency has been found to contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome, and that case-fatality rates increase with age and with chronic disease comorbidity, both of which are associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration. To reduce risk of infection, it is recommended that people at risk of influenza and/or COVID-19 consider taking 10,000 IU/d of vitamin D₃ for a few weeks to rapidly raise 25(OH)D concentrations, followed by 5000 IU/d. The goal should be to raise 25(OH)D concentrations above 40–60 ng/ml (100–150 nmol/l). For treatment of people who become infected with COVID-19, higher vitamin D₃ doses might be useful. Randomized controlled trials and large population studies should be conducted to evaluate these recommendations.

Medicine and Pharmacology