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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0474.v1

Endometriosis, Oocyte and Embryo Quality

Sania Latif, Ertan Saridogan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Endometriosis; in vitro fertilization; oocytes; embryonic structures

Online: 7 June 2023 (03:25:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0322.v1

Nuclear Expression of Phosphohistone H3 and Vitamin D Receptor – New Potential Markers in Diagnosis and Treatment of Endometriosis

Daniela Roxana Matasariu, Cristina-Elena Mandici, Alexandra Ursache, Alexandra Irma Gabriela Bausic, Iuliana Elena Bujor, Alexandra Elena Cristofor, Elvira Bratila, Ludmila Lozneanu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: phosphohistone H3; vitamin D; vitamin D receptor; progesterone; endometriosis; immunohistochemistry

Online: 5 June 2023 (13:14:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0024.v1

Inter-rater Agreement for Diagnosing Adenomyosis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Transvaginal Ultrasonography

Johanna K Andersson, Raffaella Pozzi Mucelli, Margit Dueholm, Susanne Fridsten, Aristeidis Grigoriadis, Stefano Guerriero, Francesco Paolo Leone, Lil Valentin, Thierry Van Den Bosch, Nikolaos Voulgarakis, Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson, Elisabeth Epstein

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Adenomyosis; Ultrasonography; Magnetic Resonence Imaging; Inter-rater agreement

Online: 1 June 2023 (04:22:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2141.v1

Retrospective Study of the Metrorrhagia of the First Trimester. Follow-up and Gestational Complications

Laura Baños Cándenas, Ernesto González Mesa, Lucía Castaño Frías, Daniel Abehsera Davó

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: First trimester bleeding; Metrorrhagia of the first trimester; emergency room; gestational complications

Online: 30 May 2023 (12:38:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2140.v1

Global Transcriptomic Analysis of Placenta From Women With Gestational Sars-Cov-2 Infection During the 3rd Trimester of Pregnancy

Yiqun Tang, Nageswara Rao Boggavarapu, Annette Aronsson, Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson, Parameswaran Grace Lalitkumar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; term pregnancy; vertical transmission; placental gene expression; molecular pathways

Online: 30 May 2023 (12:36:54 CEST)

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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant and enduring influence on global health, in-cluding maternal and fetal well-being. Evidence suggests that placental dysfunction is a potential consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, which may result in adverse outcomes such as preeclampsia and preterm birth. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear, and it is uncertain whether a mature placenta can protect the fetus from SARS-CoV-2 infection. To address the above hiatus, we conducted a transcriptome-based study of the placenta in both maternal and fetal compartments. We collected placental samples from 16 women, immediately after term delivery, of which seven had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in-fection by PCR before parturition. Notably, we did not detect any viral load in either the maternal or fetal compartments of the placenta, regardless of symptomatic status. We extracted total RNA from placental tissues, separately from maternal and fetal compartments, constructed cDNA li-braries, and sequenced them to assess mRNA and small RNA expression. Our analysis revealed 727 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the maternal placental tissue, with 608 upregulated and 109 downregulated in SARS-CoV-2-positive women compared with healthy, negative wom-en. In contrast, the fetal compartment did not exhibit any significant changes in gene expression with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Specifically, we observed significant downregulation of seven genes belonging to the pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG), related to the immunoglobulin superfam-ily in the maternal compartment with active SARS-CoV-2 infection (fold change range from -13.70 to -5.28, FDR ≤ 0.05). Additionally, comparing symptomatic women with healthy, we identified 14,223 DEGs, with high expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL6 in the maternal placenta of the symptomatic women. Furthermore, KEGG analysis revealed that pathways relat-ed to viral infection, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and oxytocin signaling were altered significantly in symptomatic women. Overall, our study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the reported clinical risk of preeclampsia and preterm delivery in women with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nonetheless, studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to further deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the placenta’s anti-viral effects in ma-ternal SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1772.v1

The Beginner Laparoscopists Trends in the Learning Process Of Laparoscopy for Adnexal Gynecological Pathologies – The Experience of Our Center

Romina-Marina Sima, Anca-Violeta Crăițan, Liana Pleș, Florin Bobircă, Mihaela Amza, Gabriel-Petre Gorecki, Mihai-Teodor Georgescu, Bashar Haj Hamoud

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: learning process; laparoscopic gynecology; gynecological surgery; laparoscopy; ovarian cyst

Online: 25 May 2023 (08:45:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1713.v1

The Influence of Nicotine on Trophoblast-Derived Exosomes in a Mouse Model of Pathogenic Preeclampsia

Ayane Kubo, Keiichi Matsubara, Yuko Matsubara, Hirotomo Nakaoka, Takashi Sugiyama

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: preeclampsia; exosomes; nicotine; proteomics; bioinformatics

Online: 24 May 2023 (13:29:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1518.v1

Comparative Analysis of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes between Elective and Emergency Cesarean Section at a Single Tertiary Hospital

Nihal Al Riyami, Shurooq Al Shereiqi, Silja Pillai

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Cesarean section; risk factors; pregnancy complications; pregnancy outcome

Online: 22 May 2023 (11:21:41 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1337.v1

Exploratory Report on Data Synchronising Methods to Develop Machine Learning-Based Prediction Models for Multimorbidity

Gayathri Delanerolle, David Benfield, Peter Phiri, Yassine Bouchareb, Kingshuk Majumder, Heitor Cavalini, Jian Shi, Om Kurmi, Ashish Shetty, Dharani Hapanagama, Alain Zemkoho

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Endometriosis; Multimorbidity; Womens Health; Machine Learning

Online: 18 May 2023 (10:55:59 CEST)

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Endometriosis is a complex chronic condition characteristic of chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, anxiety and fatigue. This can often lead to multimorbidity which is defined by the presence of two or more long term conditions. Delayed diagnosis of endometriosis is a crucial issue that leads to poor quality of life and clinical management. There are a variety of limitations linked to conducting endometriosis research including lack of dedicated funding. Additionally, accessing existing electronic healthcare records can be challenging due to governance and regulatory restrictions. Missing data issues are another concern that has been commonly identified among real-world studies. Considering these challenges, data science technique could provide a solution by way of using synthetic datasets that could be generated using known characteristics of endometriosis to explore the possibility of predicting multimorbidity. This study aimed to develop an exploratory machine learning model that can predict multimorbidity among women with endometriosis using real-world and synthetic data. A sample size of 1012 was used from two endometriosis specialized centres in the UK. In addition, 1000 synthetic data records per centre were generated using the widely used Synthetic Data Vault’s Gaussian Copula model based on patients’ records’ characteristics. Three standard classification models, Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF), were used for classification. The average accuracies for all three models (LR, SVM and RF), given as “model accuracy-centre1: accuracy-centre2” were found to be: LR 64.26%:69.04%, SVM 67.35%:68.61%, and RF 58.67%:73.76% on real-world data, and LR 69.9%:72.29%, SVM 69.39%:70.13, and RF 68.88%:74.62 on synthetic data, respectively. The findings of this report show machine learning models trained on synthetic data performed better than models trained on real-world data. Our findings suggest synthetic data holds great promise for shows value to conduct clinical epidemiology and clinical trials that could devise better precision treatments and possibly reduce the burden of multimorbidity.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1062.v1

Symptoms-Based Clinical Algorithm for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome

Frank A Cusimano, Nicole Ciuffo, Martyna Czarnik, Nicole Gentile, Adam Tonis, David A Greuner

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Pelvic Congestion Syndrome; Pelvic Venous Insufficiency; Pelvic Pain; Contrast Venography; Venous Embolization; Stents; May-Thurner; Nutcracker; Pelvic Varicosities; Vulvar Varicosities; Pelvic Varicose Veins

Online: 15 May 2023 (16:07:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1055.v1

Mesh-Associated Pain Syndrome: Predictors for Continence and Prolapse Mesh Removal Surgery in a Single Centre

Sohier Elneil Elneil, Gayathri Delanerolle, Yutian Zeng, Deng Chunli, Ashish Shetty, Jian Shi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: continence mesh; prolapse mesh; comorbidity; surgery

Online: 15 May 2023 (15:27:07 CEST)

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Objective:Over the last two decades one of the main surgical treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery was the insertion of non-absorbable mesh to restore continence and prolapse respectively. Over time complications arose including mesh-associated pain syndrome (MAPS), mesh exposure, mesh-erosion, chronic bladder/vaginal infections, and dyspareunia. Consequently, women chose surgical mesh removal to counter these problems. However, little is known about the demographics, medical co-morbidities, mesh types involved and the timing from mesh insertion to mesh removal. This retrospective study will look at which of these factors may be closely associated with mesh removal surgery.Design:Retrospective studySetting:Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (FPMRS) Clinic at University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.Population:All patients presenting to the FPMRS Clinic between June 2011 to December 2019, requesting mesh removal surgery with a history of MAPS and other mesh complications were included in this study. Methods:Patient demographics including age, ethnicity, obstetric history, and medical co-morbidities; type of mesh/anatomical route used; onset of symptoms; and time from insertion to removal were recorded. Main Outcome Measures:Determination of correlation coefficients between patient demographics, patient reported symptoms and mesh removal surgery. Results:Three hundred and forty-five women with a history of MAPS were included in the study. Women in the 40-60 year old cohort accounted for 54.4% of mesh removal surgery; 54.8% had a BMI under 30 and almost 90% were Caucasian. 96.5% had had children, with over 77% having had a vaginal delivery. 91.9% of patients reported other health conditions including 18.8% with a concomitant history of mental health problems and 15.4% with a history of heart disease. Over 80% of women undergoing mesh removal surgery had a continence mesh (49% retropubic and 32% obturator continence mesh) removed, whereas 20% had an abdominal prolapse and/or vaginal prolapse mesh removed. The average time from mesh insertion to mesh removal was seven years, with the prevalence of mesh removal surgery averaging 85% (range 50 - 100%) depending on the comorbidity determined. Conclusions:All women presented to the clinic with a history of MAPS and other comorbidities which may have influenced their decision to pursue mesh removal surgery. There were no specific predictors, other than chronic pain associated with mesh, determining which women underwent surgery, though those with continence mesh were more likely to do so.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1003.v1

Candida Vaginal Colonization in Pregnancy and Its Perinatal Impact: Cause, Effect or Coincidence?

Tito Ramírez-Lozada, Carlos Enrique Pérez-Serna, Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán, Carlos Enrique Pérez-Serna, Xóchitl Ramírez-Magaña, Eduardo García-Salazar, Estefani Cruz-Tovar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Candida albicans; preterm delivery; premature rupture of membranes; small for gestational age; perinatal mortality

Online: 15 May 2023 (08:50:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0992.v1

Anal Cancer and Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia Risk among Patients Treated for HPV-Related Gynecological Diseases: a Systematic Review

Michał Brzeziński, Maciej Stukan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: HPV; human papillomavirus; anal intraepithelial neoplasia; anal cancer; gynecology; cervix; vulva; vagina; intraepithelial neoplasia; cancer

Online: 15 May 2023 (07:38:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0962.v1

Awareness and Interest in Uterus Transplantation Over Time: Analysis of Those Seeking Surgical Correction for Uterine-Factor Infertility in the US

Liza Johannesson, Giuliano Testa, Menas M Beshara, Briget DaGraca, Jessica R Walter, Cristiano Quintini, Nawar Latif, Koji Hashimoto, Elliott G Richards, Kathleen O'Neill

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: uterus transplantation; recipient; living donor; hysterectomy; infertility; parity

Online: 12 May 2023 (14:41:29 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0435.v1

Do Not Fear When Menopause Is Near: The Importance of a Preparatory Time and Space to Face the Consequences before Reaching the Menopause

Manosha Perera, Irosha Perera

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Omega; Alpha; Menarche; Menopause; Reproductive Health; Preparatory Time

Online: 8 May 2023 (03:46:24 CEST)

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As a result of scientific technological advancements in medical diagnostics, treatment modalities of non-communicable and communicable diseases, and palliative care approaches, the life expectancy of women is soaring than men across the globe, due to the longer telomere length and other protective factors. The main symptoms of menopause broadly be divided into psychological somatovegetative and urogenital. Neglected menopausal symptoms can lead to debilitating comorbidities which may end up in mortalities. Fortunately, modern treatment and therapeutic formalities based on pharmaceutical preparations, as well as lifestyle- modifications have provided long-lasting relief for the pre-menopausal woman. This can be done as per her preference if she is knowledgeable, resourceful, and cheerful. Menarchae is the “ alpha” and menopause is the “omega” phase in the reproductive lifecycle of any woman. Reproductive health is essentially an integral part of women’s health. In this 4^th industial revolution era information technology and digital science go hand in hand to improve the quality of life of populations across the globe irrespective of their educational and professional status. Health literacy among disadvantageous sub populations increased. Positive attitudes, perception and evidence-informed knowledge on adolesecent girls about not only ‘period pains’ but menopausal symptoms as an inevitable phase in a woman’s reproductive health may make a better sense at the dawn of evidence based medicine even in a low middle income country like Sri Lanka. Hence, this timely communication strengthens by, Do not fear when menopause is near: The Importance of a Preparatory Time and Space to face the consequences of Menopaus. How to forget the fact that alpha and the omega are inevitable phases in woman’s reproductive health trajectory. Moreover, the importance of a preparatory time and space well in advance preferably in peri-menopausal time to prevent and control the inevitable health consequences. Moreover, to invest in menopause for a brighter future in the modern personalized medicine era based on global scientific evidence.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0268.v1

Anti-Candida and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of a Vaginal Gel Formulation: Novel Data Concerning Vaginal Infection and Dysbiosis

Luca Spaggiari, Gianfranco Bruno Squartini Ramos, Caterina Alejandra Squartini Ramos, Andrea Ardizzoni, Natalia Pedretti, Elisabetta Blasi, Francesco De Seta, Eva Pericolini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: vaginal infection; C. albicans; dysbiosis; topic treatments; anti-inflammatory effect; antifungal effect; vaginal ecosystem; IL-8; vaginal epithelial cells; dimorphic transition; farnesol

Online: 4 May 2023 (13:27:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0197.v1

Characteristics of Extracellular Vesicles From an HGSOC Cell Line Derived From a Platinum-Resistant Patient as a Potential Tool for Aiding Prediction of Response to Chemotherapy

Katarina Černe, Nuša Kelhar, Nataša Resnik, Maruša Herzog, Lana Vodnik, Peter Veranič, Borut Kobal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: cell lines; chemoresistance; EpCAM; extracellular vesicles; HGSOC 1

Online: 4 May 2023 (05:18:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0077.v1

SARS Cov2 Infection and Preeclampsia. How an Infection Can Help Us To Know More About an Obstetric Condition

Otilia Gonzalez, Oscar Martinez-Perez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: SARS- Cov-2; Covid 19; Preclampsia; pregnancy; hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; inflammation; cytokines; throm-botic

Online: 2 May 2023 (10:07:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0868.v1

The Relationship between Number of Supernumerary Blastocysts Cryopreserved and Probability of a Live Birth Outcome after Single Fresh Blastocyst Transfer: Analysis of over 10 Thousand Cycles

Yusuf Beebeejaun, Timothy Copeland, Lukasz Polanski, Tarek El Toukhy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: IVF; blastocyst transfer; cryopreservation; live birth; age

Online: 25 April 2023 (03:01:55 CEST)

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The ability to predict the likelihood of a live birth after single fresh embryo transfer is important for treatment planning and managing patient expectation, particularly in their first in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle. Cryopreservation of supernumerary embryos is often regarded as an important prognostic variable and a surrogate marker of success for several reasons. While previous large studies have examined the association between the number of oocytes retrieved and cleavage-stage embryos available, and the odds of a live birth following a fresh embryo transfer, the relationship between the number of supernumerary blastocysts cryopreserved following a fresh embryo transfer has not been rigorously studied. We performed a retrospective analysis of data collected between 2006 and 2018 for all first time IVF patients with a fresh autologous day 5 single blastocyst transfer. The relationship between the likelihood of a live birth and number of supernumerary blastocysts cryopreserved was assessed according to patient age group. In patients aged <35 years and 35-39 years old, the likelihood of a live birth increased linearly from 0.33 (95%CI:0.31–0.34) to 0.80 (95%CI:0.74–0.86; P<.0001) and 0.30 (95%CI:0.28–0.32) to 0.82 (95%CI:0.73–0.91;P<.0001) between 1-6 blastocysts cryopreserved and then non-linearly to 0.95 (95% CI 0.92–0.97; P<.0001) and 0.96 (95%CI:0.93–0.99; P<.0001) if 10 or more blastocysts were cryopreserved, respectively. When aged 40 years and above, the likelihood of a live birth increased linearly from 0.26 (95%CI:0.19–0.32) to 0.83 (95%CI:0.68–0.97; P<.0001) between 1-4 blastocysts cryopreserved and then non-linearly to 0.99 (95%CI:0.98–0.99; P<.0001) if 10 or more blastocysts were cryopreserved. The present study demonstrated a non-linear relationship between the number of supernumerary blastocysts cryopreserved and the likelihood of a live birth after single blastocyst transfer in the first autologous fresh IVF/ICSI cycle across different age groups.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0803.v1

Associations between Maternal Serum Biomarkers and Uterine Artery and Ductus Venosus Blood Flow Patterns in Early Pregnancy Doppler Ultrasound Study

Magdalena Karpów-Greiner, Oskar Komisarek, Marta Sekielska, Wojciech Knypiński, Rafał Adamczak, Mariusz Dubiel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: b-HCG; PAPP-A; s-FLT-1; PlGF; pulsatility index of the ductus venosus; pulsatility index of the right and left uterine arteries

Online: 23 April 2023 (13:45:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0349.v1

Effect of Prenatal Ketamine Exposure: A Focused Literature Review

Alexa Simonetti, Alicia Trimble, Hattie Shrock, Revathi Gudi, Varsha Murthy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors; prenatal exposure; neurotoxic

Online: 14 April 2023 (04:29:05 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0212.v1

Inflammatory Modulation in Pregnancy Using Enriched Marine Oil Supplements and Their Possible Role in the Prevention of Obstetric Complications

Pedro-Antonio Regidor, Johanna Eiblwieser, Theresa Steeb, Jose Miguel Rizo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: pregnancy; specialized pro-resolving molecules; polyunsaturated fatty acids; birth

Online: 11 April 2023 (08:29:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0025.v1

A Cross sectional Observational Study of Safety and Protective Effects of Maternal Influenza Vaccination on Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in pregnant women from Pune, India

Hanif Shaikh, Pranesha Koli, Anil Pardeshi, Vaishali Undale, Mahesh Asalkar, Sushant Sahatrabuddhe, Anand Kawade, Chandrashekhar Upasani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Maternal immunization; influenza vaccination; pregnant women; pregnancy outcome

Online: 3 April 2023 (11:00:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0001.v1

The Pattern of Changes in Body Mass Index before and during Pregnancy: The Maternal and Neonatal Outcome

Gamal Sayed, Husam Salama, Lina Abdullah, Sawsan Al-Obaidly, Mai Al-Qubaisi, Ashraf Mansour

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: BMI; obesity; pregnancy; maternal outcome; neonatal outcome; Qatari women

Online: 3 April 2023 (02:07:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0550.v1

Intra-Amniotic Inflammation or Infection: Suspected and Confirmed Diagnosis of “Triple I” at Term

Sara Consonni, Elettra Salmoiraghi, Isadora Vaglio Tessitore, Armando Pintucci, Valentina Vitale, Patrizia Calzi, Francesca Moltrasio, Anna Locatelli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Triple I; chorioamnionitis; intra-amniotic infection; intra-amniotic inflammation; placental histology; early neonatal sepsis.

Online: 31 March 2023 (11:20:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0521.v1

Pathophysiological Effects of Contemporary Lifestyle on Evolutionary-Conserved Survival Mechanisms that Disturb the Hallmarks of Health in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Jim Parker

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: polycystic ovary syndrome; evolution; inflammation; insulin resistance; hyperinsulinemia; immune; infertility; endocrine disrupting chemicals; environment; lifestyle; diet

Online: 30 March 2023 (03:19:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0437.v1

Differences in Psychological Vulnerability, Mental Health Liter-Acy, Positive Mental Health, and Health Behaviours in Portu-Guese Higher Education Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Maria José Nogueira, José Carlos Carvalho, Patrício Soares Costa, Carlos Alberto Sequeira

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: nursing health promotion; literacy; positive mental health; psychological vulnerability; students

Online: 27 March 2023 (03:34:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0376.v1

Comparison of Injection Saline and External Fixator in Rat Tail’s Disc Degeneration

Md Abdul Khaleque, Eun-Yong Choi, Sang-Eun Park, Hwang-Yong You, Woo-Jin Lee, Do-Kyun Kim, Young-Yul Kim

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Intervertebral disc degeneration; nucleus pulposus; autophagy; apoptosis; external fixator; saline injection

Online: 21 March 2023 (11:54:03 CET)

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Purpose: The intervertebral disc is a leading avascular organ in the body that may gather nutrition through diffusion. It maintains homeostasis by the use of autophagy and apoptosis to survive in unfavorable conditions such as stress and mechanical force. Therefore, excessive force and stress beyond normal conditions may cause intervertebral disc degeneration. The purpose of this study was to examine which is the better method, either external fixator (EF) or saline injection (SI), for inducing autophagy and apoptosis-mediated nucleus pulposus (NP) cell death in the discs of rat tail’s. Methods: Sixteen, nine-weeks-old male Sprague–Dawley rat tails were treated with 0.9% saline and EF (two-cross Kirschner wires) for a period ofsix and twelve weeks. Treated discs were dissected to identify the participation of autophagy and apoptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration. For identification purposes, H&E staining, Masson’s trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for LC3, beclin-1, and P62 in addition to MMP-2, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 were performed. Furthermore, we performed real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to observe autophagy-related gene expression (beclin-1, LC3, and P62) and apoptosis-related gene expression (MMP-2, MMP-3, and TIMP-1). Results: TheEF group showed more insidious NP cell degeneration than the control (Ctrl) group. Degeneration was elevated with increasing compression duration of EF group, whereas the SI group could not distinguish the margin of annulus fibrosus (AF) and NP cells. LC3, beclin-1, and P62 showed the highest and lateral expression whilst MMP-2, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 showed up-regulated and central expression in both groups, although the SI group could not recognize the boundary between NP and AF cells. The EF group showed the highest autophagy-related gene expression whereas the SI group showed lower expression. In addition, the EF group showed more autophagy-accumulating materials than the SI group which elevated with increasing compression duration. Furthermore, the SI group induced the highest apoptotic gene expression, but the EF group showed the lowest expression. Conclusion: The EF method was better for studying autophagy and apoptosis because it enhanced intervertebral disc degeneration after compression, which is actively linked to autophagy and apoptosis. The degeneration process was elevated by increasing the compression duration, but SI could not distinguish AF and NP cell margins.

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0081.v1

Predictors of Tetanus Vaccine Uptake among Pregnant Women in Sudan: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Zienab A Ibrahim, Majdi Sabahelzain, Yasir Ahmed Mohammed Elhadi, Ombeva Oliver, Suad Babiker

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine; Vaccine Uptake; Tetanus; Pregnant Women; Sudan

Online: 6 March 2023 (02:27:52 CET)

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Tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccination during pregnancy has been proven as an effective preven-tive measure to reduce the incidence of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to assess the determinants of TT vaccine uptake among pregnant women in two public maternity specialized hospitals in Sudan. A hospi-tal-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two public hospitals, Omdurman Ma-ternity and AL-Saudi hospitals in Omdurman, Khartoum State in Sudan, from February to April 2020. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with receiving three or more doses of TT vaccine among pregnant women (protected against tetanus), presented as Odds ratios, with p-values <0.05 considered significant (at 95% confidence interval). The study recruited 350 pregnant women, with 313 participants in-cluded in the analysis. This study found that only 40% of the pregnant women received 3 doses or more (protected) of TT vaccine during their current pregnancy. Pregnant women who attended Al Saudi hospital were less likely to be protected against Tetanus (received ≥ 3 doses) compared to those who attended Omdurman hospital [OR= 0.49 (95%C.I 0.29-0.82), p-value <0.05]. Furthermore, the number of children at home was a significant predictor of mothers’ immunization status as those with five children or more were ten times more to be protected against tetanus [OR= 10.54 (95% C.I 4.30-25.86), p-value <0.05]. We conclude that this low rate of TT vaccine uptake found in this study among pregnant women increases the number of newborn babies susceptible to contracting neonatal tetanus. This study provides useful information that can inform the will increase in the probabilities of morbidities and mortalities that result from maternal and neonatal tetanus. The findings of this study should be considered in development of communication strategies targeting and prioritizing at-risk groups to increase TT vaccine uptake among pregnant women in Sudan.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0047.v1

Pregnancy Card: Evaluation of Data on Vaccines for Women in Labor in a Public Tertiary Reference Maternity Unit in São Paulo, Brazil

Luís Antônio Gilberti Panucci, Luiza Sant’anna Pinheiro, Luiz E. Prestes-Carneiro

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: pregnant card; Brazilian National Program of Immunization; vaccine data filling

Online: 3 March 2023 (01:18:56 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0538.v2

Placental Mitochondrial Function and Dysfunction in Preeclampsia

Fahmida Jahan, Goutham Vasam, Alex E Green, Shannon A Bainbridge, Keir J Menzies

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: placenta; mitochondria; preeclampsia; disease subclasses; pregnancy; hypertension; reactive oxygen species; therapies

Online: 10 February 2023 (04:09:05 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0538.v1

Placental Mitochondrial Function and Dysfunction in Preeclampsia

Fahmida Jahan, Goutham Vasam, Alex E Green, Shannon A Bainbridge, Keir J Menzies

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: placenta; mitochondria; preeclampsia; disease subclasses; pregnancy; hypertension; reactive oxygen species; therapies

Online: 30 January 2023 (04:33:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0493.v1

Uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment (Ipt) and the Prevalence of Malaria among Pregnant Women in Iganga District, Uganda for Financial Year 2019/2020

Prossy Nakito, David Muwanguzi, Daniel Lukooya, Gloria Tumukunde

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Plasmodium; malaria; Intermittent Preventive Treatment; Prevalence and Public health facilities

Online: 27 January 2023 (06:40:54 CET)

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Introduction: Uganda has got the highest prevalence rate of malaria among the risk groups compared to other parts of the world. In addition, Uganda bears a particularly large burden from the disease which is limited by a lack of reliable data, but it is clear that the prevalence of malaria infection, incidence of disease, and mortality among pregnant women all remain very high. According to the Iganga DHIS2 Jan-May report, a higher number of pregnant women received Intermittent Preventive Treatment one (IPT1) and the numbers dropped for IPT2 and IPT3. The district is also referral point of the greater Busoga region and has got several challenges towards malaria control. The study aimed at assessing the uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment and the prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in Iganga district so as to generate evidence for scaling up appropriate interventions for IPT uptake among pregnant women. Methods: The research was a retrospective study using secondary data to assess the uptake of IPT and prevalence of malaria for financial year 2019/2020 in nine Public Health Centre IIIs and one Public Health Centre IV. In this study IPT was defined as the administration of a curative dose of an effective antimalarial drug to all pregnant women without testing for presence of malaria parasite and at least three doses as recommended. Secondary data from HMIS was obtained and analyzed to assess the uptake of IPT services and the prevalence of malaria among pregnant women was determined using proportions. Results: The study found that of 6,672 women who received the first dose of IPT-SP, 1671 (25%) of the women received less than 2 doses of IPT and 46% of pregnant women received more than 2 doses of IPT. The study showed that a total of 3,435 pregnant women tested positive for malaria which brings the prevalence to 50%, and being highest among pregnant women aged 20-24 years at 50%. Conclusions: The study showed that the uptake of IPT was relatively low among lower age groups with a relatively high prevalence of malaria among the same age group. This calls for all stakeholders (DHO, MOH, Iganga District, NGOs e.t.c) urgent attention thus to ensure mass sensitization about malaria and IPT importance with IEC and ITN distribution, early diagnosis and treatment, giving incentives to ANC attending mothers, control of the vector.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0271.v1

Diagnosis of Labor and Human Evolution: Why Is It so Difficult to Diagnose Labor in Humans? The Contribution of Metabolomics

Antonio Ragusa, Maria Matta, Denise Rinaldo, Alessandra Meloni

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: evolutionary mismatch; diagnosis of labor; prospective diagnosis; cervical dilatation; uterine contractions; pain intensity; metabolomic.

Online: 16 January 2023 (07:25:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0080.v1

Validity and Reliability of the 23-Item Preterm Birth Risk Assessment Scale

Jeung-Im Kim

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Factor Analysis, Statistical; Premature birth; Psychometrics; Scale development

Online: 4 January 2023 (11:41:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0430.v2

COVID-19 Vaccines: The Impact on Pregnancy Outcomes and Menstrual Function

James A. Thorp, Claire Rogers, Michael P. Deskevich, Stewart Tankersley, Albert Benavides, Megan D. Redshaw, Peter A. McCullough

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: COVID-19 vaccines; menstruation; pregnancy outcomes; Influenza vaccines; VAERS; stillbirth; miscarriage

Online: 30 December 2022 (09:39:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0539.v1

Predictive Performance of Machine Learning- Based Methods for The Prediction of Preeclampsia- A Prospective Study

Alina Melinte, Ingrid-Andrada Vasilache, Demetra Socolov, Marian Melinte

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: preeclampsia; prediction; machine leaning; pregnancy; first trimester

Online: 29 November 2022 (07:09:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0292.v1

Identification of Polymorphism Angiotensin Ii Type 1 Receptor (AT1) 1166 A/C Gene and Potassium Levels in Pre-Eclampsia among The Madurese Population

Zakkiyatus Zainiyah, Eny Susanti, Novita Wulandari

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Preeclampsi; AT1; Pottasium; preeclampsi; Madurese

Online: 16 November 2022 (01:47:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0461.v1

Present and Future Drinking Water Security and its Impacts on Maternities: A Multi-scale Assessment of Sudan

Vincent Simonin, Saeid Ashraf Vaghefi, Zeinab M. Abdelgadir, Dalya Eltayeb, Mohammed Ahmed M. Sidahmed, Jean-Pierre Monet, Nicolas Ray

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: water security; geographic accessibility; maternal health; climate change; Sahel

Online: 31 October 2022 (02:04:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0299.v1

Differential Expression of Insulin Resistance Genes in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Mansor Fazliana, Liyana Ahmad Zamri, Hanifullah Khan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: PCOS; Gene expression; Insulin resistance; Diabetes; HOMA-IR

Online: 20 October 2022 (08:25:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0232.v1

Magnitude and Predictors of Anaemia among Pregnant Women attending Antenatal Clinics in Dar es salaam, Tanzania.

Samson Peter Mvandal, Peter Lawrence Kumbunja, Godfrey Lupoly, Joseph Nhandi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Anaemia; Antenatal; Dar es Salaam; hospital; pregnant; prevalence

Online: 17 October 2022 (07:58:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0134.v1

Overexpression of ErbB-1 (EGFR) Protein in Eutopic Endome-Trium of Infertile Women with Severe Ovarian Endometriosis during the ‘Implantation Window’ of Menstrual Cycle

Jeevitha Poorasamy, Deepali Garg, Juhi Bharti, Aruna Nambirajan, Asmita Patil, Jayasree Sengupta, Debabrata Ghosh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: endometriosis; endometrium; ErbB receptors; immunoprecipitation; implantation stage; infertility

Online: 11 October 2022 (03:30:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0078.v1

Maternal Mortality in Africa, Regional Trends (2000-2017)

Luc Onambele, Wilfrido Ortega-Leon, Sara Guillen-Aguinaga, Maria João Forjaz, Amanuel Yoseph, Laura Guillen-Aguinaga, Rosa Alas-Brun, Alberto Arnedo-Pena, Ines Aguinaga-Ontoso, Francisco Guillen-Grima

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Africa; Maternal mortality rate; Joinpoint regression analysis; mortality; trends.

Online: 7 October 2022 (10:30:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0003.v2

Prenatal Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Growth Parameters

Radim Sram, Ivo Solansky, Anna Pastorkova, Milos Veleminsky, Jr., Milos Veleminsky, Katerina Urbancova, Darina Dvorakova, Jana Pulkrabova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: birth weight, birth length, head circumference, placenta weight, growth 43 parameters, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, monohydroxylated PAH metabolites

Online: 6 October 2022 (14:39:33 CEST)

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Background and objectives: The impact of prenatal exposure to polycyclicaromatic 17 hydrocarbons (PAHs) on birth outcomes as weight, length, head circumference, placenta 18 weight, and Apgar. Materials and Methods: Two cohorts of children born in the years 2013 and 19 2014 in Karvina (Northern Moravia, N=144) and Ceske Budejovice (Southern Bohemia, 20 N=198), were studied for the relationship between the prenatal exposure to PAHs and growth 21 parameters up to two years of age. PAHs exposure was evaluated according to the concentration 22 of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in polluted air and monohydroxylated PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) 23 in urine of newborns as well as their mothers. Data of growth parameters were obtained from 24 pediatric questionnaires up to 24 months. 25 Results: Concentrations of B[a]P were significantly higher in Karvina (p<0.001). OH-26 PAH metabolites were significantly higher in the mothers´ as well as in the newborns´ urine in 27 Karvina. The length was shorter in newborns in Karvina at birth (p<0.001), but this difference 28 was straightened out during next 3 to 24 months. Birth weight at the delivery did not differ 29 between newborns in Karvina and Ceske Budejovice. Newborns in both locations significantly 30 decreased their weight gain between birth and 3 months after delivery. OH-PAHs metabolites 31 in mother’s or newborn’s urine did not affect birth weight. Top 25% values of concentrations 32 of 2-OH-FLUO, 1-OH-NAP, 2-OH-NAP, 1-OH-PHEN, 2-OH-PHEN, 3-OH-PHEN, 4-OH-33 PHEN, and the sum of all-OH-PAHs higher than median in the newborns´ urine decreased their 34 length. 2-OH-PHEN top 25% of concentrations in the newborns´ urine decreased their head 35 circumference, 2-OH-FLUO, 1-OH-NAP, 2-OH-NAP, 1-OH-PHEN, 2-OH-PHEN, 3-OH-36 PHEN, 4-OH-PHEN, 9-OH-PHEN, 1-OH-PYR, and all-OH-PAHs decreased placenta weight; 37 2-OH-FLUO, 1-OH-NAP, 2-OH-NAP, 1-OH-PHEN, 2-OH-PHEN, 3-OH-PHEN, 4-OH-38 PHEN, and all-OH-PAHs decreased Apgar 5´. Conclusions: We observed that higher 39 concentration of PAHs determined as OH-PAHs metabolites in newborns´ urine decreased their 40 length, head circumference, placenta weight, and Apgar 5´, but did not affect birth weight.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0003.v1

Prenatal Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Birth Outcomes

Radim J. Sram, Ivo Solansky, Anna Pastorkova, Milos Veleminsky, Jr., Milos Veleminsky, Katerina Urbancova, Darina Dvorakova, Jana Pulkrabova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: birth weight; birth length; head perimeter; placenta weight; growth parameters; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; monohydroxylated PAH metabolites

Online: 3 October 2022 (10:34:58 CEST)

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Background and objectives: The impact of prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to birth outcomes as weight, length, head perimeter, placenta weight and Apgar score. Materials and Methods: Two cohorts of children born in the years 2013 and 2014 in Karvina (Northern Moravia, N=144) and Ceske Budejovice (Southern Bohemia, N=198) were studied for the relationship between prenatal exposure to PAHs and growth parameters up to two years of age. PAHs exposure was evaluated according to concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in polluted air and monohydroxylated PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) in urine of newborns and their mothers. Data on growth parameters were obtained from pediatric questionnaires up to 24 months. Results: Concentrations of B[a]P were significantly higher in Karvina (p<0.001). OH-PAH metabolites were significantly higher in the mother´s as well as in the newborn’ s urine in Karvina. The length was shorter in newborns in Karvina at birth (p<0.001), but this difference was straightened out during next 3 to 24 months. Birth weight at the delivery did not differ between newborns in Karvina and Ceske Budejovice. Newborns in both locations significantly decreased their weight gain between birth and 3 months after delivery. OH-PAHs metabolites in mother’s or newborn’s urine did not affect birth weight. Top 25% values of concentrations of 2-OH-FLUO, 1-OH-NAP, 2-OH-NAP, 1-OH-PHEN, 2-OH-PHEN, 3-OH-PHEN, 4-OH-PHEN and the sum of all-OH-PAHs higher than median in the newborn´s urine decreased their length. 2-OH-PHEN top 25% of concentrations in the newborn´s urine decreased their head perimeter, 2-OH-FLUO, 1-OH-NAP, 2-OH-NAP, 1-OH-PHEN, 2-OH-PHEN, 3-OH-PHEN, 4-OH-PHEN, 9-OH-PHEN, 1-OH-PYR, and all-OH-PAHs decreased placenta weight; 2-OH-FLUO, 1-OH-NAP, 2-OH-NAP, 1-OH-PHEN, 2-OH-PHEN, 3-OH-PHEN, 4-OH-PHEN, and all-OH-PAHs decreased Apgar 5´. Conclusions: We observed that higher concentration of PAHs determined as OH-PAHs metabolites in newborn´s urine decreased their length, head perimeter, placenta weight, and Apgar 5´, but did not affect birth weight.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0430.v1

COVID-19 Vaccines: The Impact on Pregnancy Outcomes and Menstrual Function

James A. Thorp, Claire Rogers, Michael P. Deskevich, Stewart Tankersley, Albert Benavides, Megan D. Redshaw, Peter A. McCullough

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: COVID-19 vaccines; menstruation; pregnancy outcomes; Influenza vaccines; VAERS

Online: 28 September 2022 (03:50:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0424.v1

Inhibitory Effects of Vaginal Lactobacilli on Candida albicans Growth, Hyphal Formation, Biofilm Development, and Epithelial Cell Adhesion

Tomonori Takano, Hayami Kudo, Shuhei Eguchi, Asami Matsumoto, Kentaro Oka, Yukitaka Yamasaki, Motomichi Takahashi, Takuro Koshikawa, Hiromu Takemura, Yuka Yamagishi, Hiroshige Mikamo, Hiroyuki Kunishima

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Candida albicans; Lactobacillus species; biofilm; probiotics

Online: 27 September 2022 (12:34:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0353.v1

Maternal Mortality in Africa (Part I), Regional Trends (1990-2015)

Luc Onambele, Wilfrido Ortega-Leon, Sara Guillen-Aguinaga, Maria João Forjaz, Amanuel Yoseph, Laura Guillen-Aguinaga, Rosa Alas-Brun, Alberto Arnedo-Pena, Ines Aguinaga-Ontoso, Francisco Guillen-Grima

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Africa; Maternal mortality rate; Joinpoint regression analysis; mortality; trends

Online: 23 September 2022 (03:06:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0334.v1

Barriers and Recommendations for a Cervical Cancer Screening Program among Women in Low-resource Settings in Lagos Nigeria: A Qualitative Study

Tope Olubodun, Mobolanle Rasheedat Balogun, Kofoworola Abimbola Odeyemi, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Adedoyin Oyeyimika Ogunyemi, Oluchi Kanma - Okafor, Ifeoma Peace Okafor, Ayodeji Bamidele Olubodun, Oluwatoyin Olanrewaju Progress Ogundele, Babatunde Ogunnowo, Akin Osibogun

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: cervical cancer screening; barriers; recommendations; slum; low-resource settings; qualitative

Online: 22 September 2022 (07:31:38 CEST)

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Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women globally despite being a largely treatable and preventable malignancy. Developing countries account for over 80% of all new cases of cervical cancer. Women residing in low-resource settings such as those residing in slums have a higher risk of cervical cancer, and lower uptake of cervical cancer screening. Diverse barriers influence the uptake of cervical cancer screening among women in low-resource settings. Objectives: This qualitative study was carried out prior to a cervical cancer screening program and explored women’s knowledge about cervical cancer, and their perceived barriers and recommendations for the program.Method: Four focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted among 35 women between the ages of 21 – 65 years residing in two urban slums in Lagos, Nigeria. Each FGD was limited to 8-10 participants of women of similar ages. Voice recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysis was done using thematic analysis.Results: Most of the women were not aware of cervical cancer and none knew the symptoms or risk factors of cervical cancer. The participants felt that the cervical cancer screening program would be well accepted in the community, however, they expressed concerns about the cost of the screening test and the sex of the person performing the test. The recommendations proffered for a successful cervical cancer screening program include; reducing the cost of the test or providing the test free of charge, having people that speak the local language as part of the team, using female health care providers, using a private location within the community or nearby PHC, and publicizing the program with the use of SMS, phone calls, town crier, and health talks. It was recommended that organizing health education sessions would help improve women’s poorly perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer.Conclusion: Interventions to increase uptake of cervical cancer screening among women in low resource settings need to improve knowledge and understanding of cervical cancer and address the barriers to cervical cancer screening such as cost, distance, and as much as possible, sex of the healthcare provider should be considered.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0229.v1

A Global Survey of Ethnic Indian Women Living with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Concerns, Diagnosis Experiences, Quality of Life, and Use of Treatment Methods

Vibhuti Rao, Stephanie Cowan, Mike Armour, Caroline A. Smith, Bobby Cheema, Lisa Moran, Siew Lim, Sabrina Gupta, Michael De Manincor, Vikram Sreedhar, Carolyn Ee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; PCOS; key concerns; diagnosis; Indian women; survey

Online: 15 September 2022 (10:37:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0131.v1

POLARIS (Polybactum^® to Assess Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis): Open-label, Non-controlled, International Clinical Study with Extended 10-month Follow-up without Treatment

Filippo Murina, Paolo Inghirami, Marius Biriș, Daniela Sîrbu, Dionisio Franco Barattini, Luca Ivan Ardolino, Mario Mangrella, Elena Casolati, Serban Marius Roșu, Ciprian Crișan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: bacterial vaginosis; recurrent vaginitis; biofilm; polycarbophil

Online: 9 September 2022 (07:33:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0132.v1

Tissue Engineering in Gynecology

David Brownell, Stéphane Chabaud, Stéphane Bolduc

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: tissue engineering; ovary; uterus; vagina; gynecology

Online: 9 September 2022 (07:33:27 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0375.v1

Characteristic of Uterine Lipoleiomyoma and Hemangioma by Algorithm of Candidate Biomarkers for Uterine Mesenchymal Tumor

Shoko Nishikawa, Takuma Hayashi, Yasuaki Amano, Nobuo Yaegashi, kaoru Abiko, Ikuo Konishi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: lipoleiomyoma; hemangioma; bleeding; uterine leiomyoma; uterine leiomyosarcoma

Online: 22 August 2022 (05:24:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0401.v1

Pregnancy, Mental Well-being and Lockdown: A Nationwide Online Survey in France

Laurent Gaucher, Chloé Barasinski, Corinne Dupont, Chantal Razurel, Swann Pichon, Emma Leavy, Sylvie Viaux-Savelon, Marion Cortet, Nicolas Franck, Frédéric Haesebaert, Julie Haesebaert

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: pregnant women; quarantine; mental health; pandemic; survey

Online: 26 July 2022 (09:54:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0305.v1

Polygenic Risk Score and Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes

Marija Majda Perisic, Klemo Vladimir, Mario Storga, Ali Mostashari, Raya Khanin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: gestational diabetes; pregnancy; polygenic risk score; gwas; machine learning

Online: 20 July 2022 (12:09:41 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0145.v1

Mirage or Miracle—Intraovarian Autologous Platelet Cytokines for Infertility and Menopause

E. Scott Sills

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: ovary; PRP; senescence; rejuvenation; hypoxia; telomere length

Online: 9 June 2022 (11:16:03 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0056.v1

The Current Status of Cigarette Smoking and Air Pollution Associated Lung Cancer

Fayang Ma

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: lung cancer; cigarette smoking; air pollution; epidemiology; etiology

Online: 6 June 2022 (03:51:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0285.v1

Cervical Cancer Prevention in El Salvador: Gains to Date and Challenges for the Future

Karla Alfaro, Montserrat Soler, Mauricio Maza, Mauricio Flores, Leticia López, Juan Carlos Rauda, Andrea Chacon, Patricia Erazo, Nora Villatoro, Eveline Mumenthaler, Rachel Masch, Gabriel Conzuelo, Juan C. Felix, Miriam Cremer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: El Salvador; Cervical cancer; Human papilloma virus (HPV); screen-and-treat; cervical precancer; HPV vaccine

Online: 23 May 2022 (05:15:50 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0111.v1

Perforation of the Cervix by the Strings of An Intrauterine Device (IUD): А Novel Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature

Panagiotis Peitsidis, Chryssa Ekizoglou, Demetrios Spiliopoulos, Stefanos Zervoudis, Panagiotis Tsikouras

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Intrauterine device; cervical perforation; hysteroscopy; copper; strings

Online: 9 May 2022 (10:00:28 CEST)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0022.v1

Is Autologous Platelet Activation the Key Step in Ovarian Therapy for Fertility Restoration and Menopause Reversal?

Natalie S. Rickers, E. Scott Sills

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: menopause; infertility; platelet activation; ovarian rejuvenation

Online: 5 May 2022 (05:23:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0302.v1

Effect of Different Educational Interventions on Knowledge of HPV Vaccination and Cervical Cancer among Young Female Adults: A Preliminary Report

Yuko Takahashi, Haruka Nishida, Takayuki Ichinose, Yuko Miyagawa, Koichiro Kido, Haruko Hiraike, Hirono Ishikawa, Kazunori Nagasaka

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: HPV vaccination; vaccine hesitancy; barriers; health literacy; cervical cancer

Online: 22 March 2022 (13:58:09 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0042.v1

The Role of Antimicrobial Resistance in Refractory and Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis and Current Recommendations for Treatment

Christina A. Muzny, Jack D. Sobel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; bacterial vaginosis; refractory; recurrent; treatment

Online: 2 March 2022 (10:11:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0192.v1

Inequalities in Temporal Effects on Cervical Cancer Mortality in States in Different Geographic Regions of Brazil: An Ecological Study

Karina Cardoso Meira, Carinne Magnago, Angelo Braga Mendonça, Stephane Fernanda Soares Duarte, Pedro Henrique Oliveira de Freitas, Juliano dos Santos, Dyego Leando Bezerra de Souza, Taynãna César Simões

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: uterine cervical neoplasms; mortality; age-period-cohort analysis; forecasting; Brazil

Online: 16 February 2022 (05:03:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0361.v1

Placental Pathology as a Tool to Identify Women for Postpartum Cardiovascular Risk Screening Following Preeclampsia: A Preliminary Investigation

Samantha J Benton, Erika E Mery, David Grynspan, Laura Gaudet, Graeme N Smith, Shannon A Bainbridge

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: preeclampsia; placenta; histopathology; cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular risk; postpartum

Online: 24 January 2022 (14:27:20 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0319.v1

CT Features of Small Bowel Obstruction Caused by Concurrent, Ipsilateral Obturator and Inguinal Herniæ

Giovanni Fontanella, Simona Borrelli, Maurizio Russo, Francesco Giuseppe Biondo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: surgery; hernia; radiology; ct; bowel

Online: 21 January 2022 (11:07:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0263.v2

The Good Pregnancy Network: An Alternative Approach for Gestational Diabetes

Amaju Ikomi, Shaheen Mannan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Pregnancy; Diabetes; Screening, Lifestyle

Online: 11 January 2022 (12:24:01 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0069.v1

Epigenetic Issues. The Link Between Microbiota and Gestational Diabetes.

Olimpia Mora-Janiszewska, Anna Faryniak-Zuzak, Dorota Darmochwał-Kolarz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: gestational diabetes mellitus; epigenetics; microbiota

Online: 6 January 2022 (10:30:40 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0426.v1

Recent Updates on microRNA as Potential Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes mellitus

Kazi Mahmuda Akter, Badar Uddin Umar, S M Niazur Rahman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: microRNA; diabetes; pregnancy; prenatal testing

Online: 27 December 2021 (11:37:18 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0255.v1

How Does Contraceptive Use Affect Women’s Sexuality? A Novel Look at Sexual Acceptability

Salvatore Caruso, Gaia Palermo, Giuseppe Caruso, Agnese Maria Chiara Rapisarda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Hormonal contraception; Long acting reversible contraceptives; Quality of life; Short acting reversible contraceptives; Sexual arousal and desire; Sexual behavior

Online: 15 December 2021 (11:17:31 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0088.v1

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Adaptation to Lifestyle and the Environment

jim parker, Claire O'Brien, Jason Hawrelak, Felice Gersh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: polycystic ovary syndrome; evolution; insulin resistance; infertility; environment; toxins; endocrine disrupting chemicals; dysbiosis; lifestyle; diet

Online: 6 December 2021 (15:34:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0506.v1

A Retrospective Cohort Study of the Clinical Features, Pathological Characteristics, and Molecular Classification in Reproductive Age Patients with Endometrial Cancer who Experienced Unsuccessful Fertility-sparing Treatment

Tong Yu, Xi-Wen Zhang, Ping-Li Sun, Abdulkarim Mohamed Farah, Yan Jia

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: endometrial cancer; fertility-sparing management; molecular classification; reproductive age; pregnancy

Online: 26 November 2021 (12:42:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0476.v1

From Undetectable Equals Untransmittable (U=U) to Breastfeeding: Is the Jump Short?

Tullio Prestileo, Adriana Sanfilippo, Lorenza Di Marco, Antonina Argo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: female; HIV infections; breastfeeding; vertical transmission; patient’s autonomy.

Online: 25 November 2021 (12:55:13 CET)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0328.v1

Appraisal of Experimental Methods to Manage Menopause and Infertility: Intraovarian Platelet-Rich Plasma vs. Condensed Platelet-Derived Cytokines

E Scott Sills, Samuel H Wood

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: platelets; cytokines; angiogenesis; embryo; menopause; fertility

Online: 18 November 2021 (13:56:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0263.v1

The Good Pregnancy Network: An Alternative Approach for Gestational Diabetes

Amaju Ikomi, Shaheen Mannan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Pregnancy; Diabetes; Screening, Lifestyle

Online: 15 November 2021 (13:40:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0249.v1

Exploring Factors Associated with Patients Who Prefer Clinician-Sampling to HPV Self-Sampling: A Study Conducted in a Low-Resource Setting

Jessica Sormani, Bruno Kenfack, Ania Wisniak, Alida Moukam Datchoua, Sophie Lemoupa Makajio, Nicole C Schmidt, Pierre Vassilakos, Patrick Petignat

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: cervical cancer screening; HPV self-sampling; sub-Saharan Africa; preference

Online: 15 November 2021 (10:55:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0028.v1

Association of Maternal Observation and Motivation (MOM) Program with M-Health Support on Maternal and Newborn Health

Premalatha Paulsamy, Vigneshwaran Easwaran, Rizwan Ashraf, Krishnaraju Venkatesan, Mervat Moustafa, Absar Ahmed Qureshi, Kousalya Prabahar, Kalaiselvi Periannan, Rajalakshimi Vasudevan, Geetha Kandasamy, Kumarappan Chidambaram, Ester Mary Pappiya, Kumar Venkatesan, Vani Manoharan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: pregnant mothers, physical activity; maternal wellbeing; antenatal mothers; newborn outcomes; m-health; low birth weight; small for gestation; gestation age; hemoglobin

Online: 1 November 2021 (17:50:14 CET)

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Maternal and child nutrition has been a critical component of health, sustainable development, and progress in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). While a decrement in maternal mortality is an important indicator, simply surviving pregnancy and childbirth does not imply better maternal health. One of the fundamental obligations of nations under international human rights law is to enable mothers and teenage girls to endure pregnancy and delivery as an aspect of their enjoyment of reproductive and sexual health and rights and live a dignified life. The aim of this study was to discover the correlation between the Maternal Observation and Motivation (MOM) program and m-Health support for maternal and newborn health. A Comparative study was done among 109 pregnant mothers (study group-94; control group-102 mothers) with not less than 20 weeks of gestation. Maternal outcomes such as Hb, weight gain and newborn results like birth weight and crown- heel length was obtained on the baseline, 28 and 36 weeks of gestation. Other secondary data collected were abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight, major congenital malformations, twin or triplet pregnancies, physical activity and maternal wellbeing. The MOM intervention included initial face to face education, three in-person visits and eight virtual health coaching by WhatsApp. The baseline data on Hb of the mothers show that 31(32.98%) vs 27(28.72%) of the study and control group had anaemia, which improved to 27.66% and 14.98% among study group mothers at 28 and 36 weeks of gestation (p<0.001). The weight gain (p< 0.001), level of physical activity (p< 0.001), and maternal wellbeing (p< 0.01) also had significant differences after the Intervention. Even after controlling for potentially confounding variables, the maternal food practices regression model revealed that birth weight was directly correlated with consumption of milk (p 0.001), fruits (p 0.01), and green vegetables (p 0.05).As per the physical activity and maternal wellbeing regression model, the birth weight and crown heel length were strongly related with the physical activity and maternal wellbeing of mothers at 36 weeks of gestation (p <0.05). Combining the MOM intervention with standard antenatal care is a safe and effective way to improve maternal welfare while upholding pregnant mothers' human rights.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0434.v1

The Importance of Screening for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer: Epidemiological Review

Navneetha Hardikar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Ovarian Cancer; Epidemiology; Risk Factors; Screening; Diagnosis, Mortality; Incidence

Online: 28 October 2021 (11:41:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0479.v1

Analysis of the Causes of Cerebral Palsy in Kazakhstan

Saule Issenova, Nagima Mamedalieva, Gani Bodykov, Ayat Assemov, Balzira Bishhekova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: cerebral palsy; perinatal risks; children; pregnancy; childbirth

Online: 28 September 2021 (21:54:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0436.v1

Incision and Prediction of Risk Factors Related to Surgical Site Infection Following Cesarean Section in Chinese Women

Qiuxiang Huang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Cesarean Section; surgical site infection; premature rupture of membrane

Online: 24 September 2021 (13:00:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0417.v1

Prevalence, Causes and Associated Factors for Postpartum Haemorrhage (Pph) At St. Joseph Referral Hospital Peramiho-Songea, Tanzania; A Hospital-Based Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Samson Mvandal, Coletha Kindimba

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Haemorrhage; Prevalence; postpartum; Postpartum haemorrhage; Peramiho; Songea.

Online: 24 September 2021 (08:20:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0345.v1

Exploring the Societal Burden of Endometriosis on Women: a Metaethnography

Olivia C. Nwankudu, Israel Oluwaseyidayo Idris, Francis Ifeanyi Ayomoh, Uju Onyes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: endometriosis; qualitative research; gynaecology; infertility; illness experience; health service

Online: 20 September 2021 (16:14:24 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0349.v2

Cost Implications of Menstrual Hygiene Management in Nigeria and Its Associated Impacts

Esther Ajari, Temidayo Abass, Esther Ilesanmi, Yusuff Adebisi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Menstrual Hygiene Management; Menstrual pads; Menstruation; Nigeria; Period poverty; Sustainable Development Goals

Online: 20 September 2021 (10:37:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0105.v1

The Role of Wnt/Beta-Catenin Pathway, SATB1 and SATB2 in Endometrial Cancer Patients

Paweł Sadłecki, Magdalena Bodnar, Andrzej Marszalek, Malgorzata Walentowicz-Sadlecka

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: endometrial cancer; tumor microenvironment; Wnt/β-catenin pathway; SATB1; SATB2

Online: 6 September 2021 (14:29:35 CEST)

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Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an established role in various diseases and is considered a hallmark of endometrial cancer (EC). Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 and 2 (SATB1 and SATB2) are nuclear matrix-associated proteins involved in chromatin remodeling and regulation of gene expression. SATB1 promotes the progression of numerous types of cancers, whereas SATB2 acts as a tumor suppressor. Despite a recent progress in our knowledge about EC, the exact mechanisms that control their proliferation and metastatic potential still remain unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between Wnt3A, β-catenin, SATB1 and SATB2 protein level and the clinicopathological features of EC patients. 92 EC patients, aged 37-84, were enrolled to our study. The immunoexpression of WNT3A was found in specimens from all EC patients, β-catenin was expressed in 97% of the cases, SATB1 in 87%. The significant association between Wnt3a expression and tumor grade was found; moreover mean IRS for Wnt3a turned out to be significantly lower in high-grade tumors than in low-grade malignancies (p=0.038). In turn, immunoexpression of β-catenin varied significantly across FIGO stages and was associated with the presence of lymph node metastases. Mean IRS for β-catenin in patients with lymph node metastases was significantly lower than in those without (p = 0.028). The Kaplan-Meier analyses demonstrated a stepwise impairment of cancer overall survival with increasing SATB1 expression. In conclusion, both Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and SATB1 contribute to progression of EC. Downregulation of β-catenin may predispose to lymphatic spread of EC. In turn, downregulation of Wnt3a seems to be characteristic for high-grade tumors, but probably does not play a role in formation of lymph node metastases. The important role of SATB1 as a predictor of poor survival and could be helpful in establishing a more accurate prognosis in endometrial cancer patients.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0473.v1

PCOS: A Chronic Disease that Fails to Produce Adequately Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs)

Pedro-Antonio Regidor, Xavier de la Rosa, Anna Mueller, Manuela Sailer, Fernando Gonzalez Santos, Rafael Gracia Banzo, Jose Miguel Rizo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: PCOS; obesity; inflammation; specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs)

Online: 24 August 2021 (14:07:27 CEST)

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Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinologic disorder that affects 5-15 % of women of their reproductive age and is a frequent cause of infertility. Major symptoms include hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, a characteristic multi-follicular morphology of the ovary, an elevated ratio of LH/FSH, and often obesity and/or insulin resistance. PCOS also represents a state of chronic low-grade inflammation that is closely interlinked with the metabolic features. Inflammatory processes consist of the acute inflammatory response and resolution processes initiated concomitantly. "Classical" pro-inflammatory lipid mediators like prostaglandins (PG), leukotrienes (LT), or thromboxanes (TX) are derived from arachidonic acid (AA) and are crucial for the initial response. Resolution processes are driven by four families of so-called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs): resolvins, maresins, lipoxins, and protectins. SPM biosynthesis starts from the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA, DPA, or EPA via certain hydroxylated intermediates (18-HEPE, 17-HDHA, 14-HDHA). The present study aimed to establish lipid mediator profiles of PCOS patients compared to healthy women to identify differences in their resolutive and pro-inflammatory lipid parameters. Material and Methods: Blood samples were taken (20 ml), separated into plasma and serum, and analyzed by HPLC/MS-QQQ. Fifteen female patients (18-45 years) were diagnosed with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria, and five healthy women, as comparator group, were recruited for the study. The main outcome measures were: Pro-inflammatory lipid mediators (PG, LT, TX) and their precursor AA; SPMs (Resolvins, Maresins, Protectins, Lipoxins), their precursors EPA, DHA, DPA, and their active biosynthesis pathway intermediates (18-HEPE, 17-HDHA, 14-HDHA). Ratio [(sum of pro-inflammatory molecules)/sum of SPMs]. Results: The level of pro-inflammatory parameters in serum was significantly higher in PCOS-affected women. The ratio [(sum of pro-inflammatory molecules) / (sum of SPMs plus hydroxylated intermediates)] reflecting the inflammatory state was significantly lower in the group of healthy women. Conclusion: There is a strong pro-inflammatory state in PCOS patients. Further research will clarify whether supplementation with SPMs or their precursors may improve this state.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0073.v1

Risk Prediction of Second Primary Endometrial Cancer in Obese Women: A Hospital-based Cancer Registry Study

Chi-Chang Chang, Chun-Chia Chen, Chalong Cheewakriangkrai, Ying Chen Chen, Shun-Fa Yang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: second primary cancers (SPCs); endometrial cancer (EC); risk prediction.

Online: 2 July 2021 (15:54:58 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0402.v1

I Can Grow as an In Utero if You Give Me Enough Nutrition: Premature ≤29 Weeks Gestation

Angela Hoyos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Very premature infants; Z-score on weight; nutrition; appropriate growth

Online: 18 May 2021 (09:50:29 CEST)

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Introduction: In general, everyone believe they should grow as “in utero” for the smallest premature babies but many thinks that it is not possible with today's nutrition “guidelines”. There is resistance to give enough nutrition for fear of "toxicity". We use volumes that some would consider high, although there are more and more groups that accept it. We chose the difference in Z-score between birth and a corrected discharge gestational age to assess postnatal growth in our unit.Material and methods: Between January 2018 and December 2020, we review all cases ≤ 29 weeks of GA at birth that survived to 36 weeks corrected gestational age, or that were discharged home if this occurred before. We had a protocol with extremely aggressive nutrition including parenteral as well as oral nutrition. We then separated the patients who had lost more than 1 Z-score point to see the weight trajectory plotted on the Fenton 2013 growth curve and to review the clinical characteristics of those patients. We also graphed the patients who had had a smaller Z-score difference to also see their trajectory in the Fenton curves. We calculate the number of cases, medians, and interquartile ranges for all groups.Results: We fount 32 cases. The median ± IQR (interquartile range) of change in Z-score between birth and discharge of the whole group was -0.52 ± 0.53; 6/32 (19%) had more than 1 point drop; all had severe diseases listed in Figure 1 with plotting all cases. The median decline in Z score ± IQR of this group with poor growth was 1.24 ± 0.22. The group of cases with a fall of <1 point of Z score were 26 (81%), the median ± IQR of fall of Z score was 0.39 ± 0.55 (see figure 2). All cases had the initial fall in weight the first 1-2 weeks. No important complications secondary to the ingested volumes or parenteral nutrition were reported. Conclusion: The group of cases with a fall of > 1 point of Z score had severe pathologies. The other cases had an adequate growth parallel to normal growth charts in some cases with some catch up.Discussion: With this work we try to show that in many premature babies it is possible to grow like in utero if they are given enough nutrition. Randomized studies are necessary to confirm our findings.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0537.v1

Assessing the Impact of Obesity on Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes among Saudi Women

Nadia Adwani, Howieda Fouly, Tagwa Omer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Obesity; BMI; maternal outcomes; neonatal outcomes.

Online: 20 April 2021 (11:50:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0722.v1

Knowledge and Attitude concerning use of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device among Women attending Family Planning at Makambako RCH in Njombe-Tanzania

Samson Peter Mvandal, Joseph Nhandi, Godfrey Lupoly

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Attitude, Family planning, knowledge, IUCD, Contraceptive, Reproductive

Online: 29 December 2020 (09:23:21 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0541.v1

Endometriosis and the Urinary Tract: from Diagnosis to Surgical Treatment

Mathew Leonardi, Mercedes Espada, Rosanne Kho, Javier Magrina, Anne-Elodie Millischer, Luca Savelli, George Condous

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Endometriosis; ureter; bladder; ultrasound; magnetic resonance imaging; hydroureter.

Online: 23 September 2020 (07:44:27 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0421.v1

Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Bio Organ for Treatment of Female Infertility

Sahar Esfandyari, Rishi Man Chugh, Hang-Soo Park, Elie Hobeika, Mara Ulin, Ayman Al-Hendy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Infertility; mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); reproductive system; Stem-cell therapy

Online: 18 September 2020 (07:09:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0174.v1

Does Immediate Removal of Urinary Catheter Prevent Urinary Morbidities Following Cesarean Section: A Prospective Randomized Study

Upasana Maskey, Rita Marahatta, Biloni Vaidya

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: cesarean section; urinary catheterization; urinary tract infection

Online: 8 September 2020 (06:06:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0549.v1

A Visual Tool Inclusive of Fetal Ultrasound and Autopsy Findings to Reach a Balanced Approach to Counselling on Trisomy 18 in Early Second Trimester

Stefania Triunfo, Marta Bonollo, Priska Gaffuri, Manuela Viviano, Daniele Satta, Manuela Bergmann

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Trisomy 18; diagnosis; ultrasound; counselling; autopsy

Online: 25 August 2020 (11:32:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0680.v1

Effects of Air Pollution on the Risk of Low Birth Weight in a Cold Climate

Hamudat Balogun, Aino Rantala, Harri Antikainen, Nazeeba Siddika, A.Kofi Amegah, Niilo Ryti, Jaakko Kukkonen, Mikhail Sofiev, Maritta S. Jaakkola, Jouni Jaakkola

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Air pollution; low birth weight; prenatal exposure; joint effects; cold climate

Online: 28 July 2020 (10:43:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0611.v1

Pregnancy Outcomes in Late Onset Pompe Disease and Enzyme Replacement Therapy

Ozlem Goker-Alpan, Vellore G. Kasturi, Maninder K. Sohi, Renuka P. Limgala, Stephanie L. Austin, Tabitha Jennelle, Maryam Banikazemi, Priya S. Kishnani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Lysosomal Disorders; Glycogen storage disease Type II; Pompe disease; LOPD; Pregnancy; Enzyme Replacement Therapy

Online: 25 July 2020 (15:48:01 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0448.v1

C-reactive Protein as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Factor of Endometrial Cancer

Maciej W. Socha, Bartosz Malinowski, Mateusz Wartęga, Oskar Puk, Bartłomiej Wolski, Michał Wiciński

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: C-reactive protein; hs-CRP; albumins; Glasgow Prognostic Score; Endometrial Cancer; CRP to albumin ratio; CRP; Cancer; Inflammation

Online: 19 July 2020 (21:13:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0399.v1

miR-142-3p Reduces the Size, Migration and Contractility of Endometrial and Endometriotic Stromal Cells by Targeting Integrin- and Rho GTPase-related Pathways that Regulate Cytoskeletal Function

Christin S. Börschel, Anna Stejskalova, Sebastian D. Schäfer, Ludwig Kiesel, Martin Götte

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: microRNA; miR-142-3p; endometriosis; cytoskeleton; integrin; collagen; WASL; ITGAV; endometrial stroma cells; in vitro study

Online: 17 July 2020 (16:08:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0050.v1

Positive Deviance for Dual-Method Promotion among Women in Uganda: A Qualitative Study

Hodaka Kosugi, Akira Shibanuma, Junko Kiriya, Ken Ing Cherng Ong, Stephen Mucunguzi, Conrad Muzoora, Masamine Jimba

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: positive deviance; dual-method use; contraception; unintended pregnancy; sexually transmitted infection; HIV/AIDS

Online: 5 July 2020 (07:04:27 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0010.v1

The Research Progress of Electrophysiological Technology in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

Afsarunnesa Syeda, Li Fan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Primary ovarian insufficiency; ovarian hypofunction; amenorrhea; follicular stimulating hormone; electrophysiological technology; bioelectrical stimulation

Online: 2 July 2020 (13:39:54 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0354.v1

Maternal Mortality Ratio in Low Income Developing Countries-Focusing on Pakistan

Riffat Mehboob, Fridoon Jawad Ahmad, Syed Amir Gilani, Amber Hassan, Sidra Khalid, Javed Akram

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: maternal mortality; Pakistan; Millenium development goals; sustainable development goals; antenatal care

Online: 30 June 2020 (07:15:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0345.v1

Association of Maternal Iodine Intake with Congenital Hypothyroidism

P. Gopika, M. Sreelakshmi, Sajal Nalwaya, Sarita Jangra Bhyan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: congenital hypothyroidism; transient; iodine deficiency; iodine excess; pregnancy; supplementation

Online: 28 June 2020 (19:51:04 CEST)

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Medicine and Pharmacology