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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1115.v1

Low Number of Baselines γδ T Cells Increase the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Post-Vaccination Infection

Juan Carlos Andreu-Ballester, Lorena Galindo-Regal, Carmen Cuellar, Francisca López-Chuliá, Carlos García-Ballesteros, Leonor Fernández-Muga, Antonio Llombart-Cussac, María Victoria Domínguez-Márquez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; vaccine; antibodies; α β T cells; γ δ T cells

Online: 17 April 2024 (08:00:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0944.v1

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Fundamental Mechanisms, Current Status And Future Directions

Abdullah Younis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Immune checkpoint inhibitor; ipilimumab; pembrolizumab ;

Online: 16 April 2024 (03:30:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0978.v1

The Increasing Role of the Allergist in the Management of Infusion Reactions at the Oncology Day Hospital

Julian Borrás Cuartero, Maria Cruz Torres Gorriz, Cristina Isabel Stein Coronado, Adrian Germán Sánchez, Cristina Giovanna Pesántez Méndez, Maria Dolores Latorre Ibáñez, Ernesto Enrique

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: drug allergy; rapid drug desensitization; same‐day desensitization; chemotherapy allergy; personalized &; precision medicine

Online: 15 April 2024 (14:17:59 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0868.v1

IgA Nephropathy with Hepatitis B Infection: A Rare Case of Infection and Autoimmunity

Simoni Shah, Heer Shah, Anushree Doshi, Vismit Gami, Dev Desai

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: IgA nephropathy; Hepatitis B Infection; Autoimmune; Hematuria

Online: 15 April 2024 (09:05:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0927.v1

Manufacture of Corallopyronin B Antibiotic from Heterogeneous Soil Environments in Egypt

Mohammed Mahmoud Shawky Kassab

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Corallopyronin B; Infection; Antimicrobial; Resistance; Myxobacteria

Online: 15 April 2024 (08:49:18 CEST)

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Background: Antibiotic resistance is an urgent issue everywhere in the globe. It is necessary to look into new sources of antibiotics to address this issue. Aim of the study: studying the purification of Corallopyronin B from various soil conditions in Egypt, as well as the antibacterial effectiveness of Corallopyronin B in preclinical animal testing and randomized human clinical trials phases 1/2. Type of the study: Screening experimental study. Methodology: Several soil conditions in Egypt were examined to create bacterial isolates that generated the antibiotic chemical Corallopyronin B. Using reversed-phase HPLC, Myxopyronin B was purified. The test antibiotic's minimum inhibitory concentration( MIC) and in vitro antibacterial activity were ascertained using the paper disc diffusion assay and the broth microdilution technique. Furthermore, in stages 1/2 of randomized clinical trials including human and animal models, pharmacokinetics, adverse drug reactions, and the in vivo antibacterial spectrum were discovered. Results: The soil bacterial isolate Corallococcus coralloides DSM 2259, which was grown on a Casein yeast peptone( CYP) plate, produced Corallopyronin B from its culture supernatant. At MICs more than 100 mcg/ml, the test antibiotic inhibited the growth of many Gram -ve bacteria, including Escherichia coli, while also preventing the growth of numerous Gram +ve bacteria, with MICs ranging from 1 to 10 mcg/ml. Eukaryotic cells, on the other hand, including those in humans and fungi, were unharmed. The test antibiotic was shown to have a bactericidal effect by inhibiting bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase( RNLP). In phases 1/2 of randomized human clinical trials, when 600 mg of the dose per 70 kg of body weight was administered SC, the Cmax was 8.6 mcg/ml at Tmax 1 hour; T1/2 reached 136 min following first-order kinetics of elimination. It stopped acting around 6-7 hours after SC was administered. In the preclinical and randomized human clinical trial phases 1/2, less than 6 percent of experimental candidates had uncommon toxicity, which showed up as reduced bile flow. Protein binding with plasma albumin was detected which reached about 83%. Conclusion: The current work was noteworthy since it involved the production of the bactericidal antibiotic Corallopyronin B from Corallococcus coralloides DSM 2259 which was isolated from several soil environments in Egypt.

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0817.v1

Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: A Rare Case of Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis

Simoni Shah, Zeal Soni, Nilay Suthar, Dev Desai

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Sjogren syndrome; periodic paralysis; Hypokalemia; autoimmine

Online: 12 April 2024 (04:51:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0567.v1

Immunogenicity of Non-mutated Ovarian Cancer-Specific Antigens

Leslie Hesnard, Catherine Thériault, Maxime Cahuzac, Chantal Durette, Krystel Vincent, Marie-Pierre Hardy, Joël Lanoix, Gabriel Ouellet Lavallée, Juliette Humeau, Pierre Thibault, Claude Perreault

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Tumor-specific antigen; Vaccine; Mass spectrometry; Antigen presentation; Immunogenicity; Dendritic cells

Online: 8 April 2024 (15:41:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0516.v1

Analysis of allergy and hypersensitivity reactions to COVID-19 vaccines according to the EudraVigilance database

Jan Romantowski, Wojciech Nazar, Kinga Bojahr, Iwona Popiołek, Marek Niedoszytko

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: vaccination; drug allergy; anaphylaxis; rash; side effect; adverse drug reaction; COVID-19

Online: 8 April 2024 (08:28:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0348.v1

Accuracy of Anti-SARS-CoV2 Antibody in Comparison with Surrogate Viral Neutralization Test in Person Living with HIV, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Chronic Kidney Disease

Marita Restie Tiara, Chrisan Bimo Prayuda, Tara Titian Maulidya, Hofiya Djauhari, Dadang Suhendar, Rudi Wisaksana, Laniyati Hamijoyo, Rudi Supriyadi, Agnes Rengga Indrati, Bachti Alisjahbana

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; vaccination; antibody; immunoassay; neutralization antibody

Online: 4 April 2024 (05:53:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1862.v1

Beyond bnAbs: Uses, Risks, and Opportunities for Therapeutic Application of Non-neutralising Antibodies in Viral Infection

Kahlio Mader, Lynn B. Dustin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: neutralizing antibodies; non-neutralizing antibodies; viruses; antibody-dependent enhancement; antiviral prophylaxis; antibody engineering

Online: 29 March 2024 (13:00:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1783.v1

Immune Response to Mosquito Allergens Is Associated with Cross-Reactive Bee Venom Components: The Importance of Cross-Reactive Carbohydrate Determinants (CCDs) in the Bee-Mosquito Syndrome.

Carina Gabriela Uasuf, Claudia D'Anna, Valeria Blanda, Enrico Scala, Caterina Di Sano, Maria Barrale, Ignazio Brusca, Alessandra Torina

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: bee-mosquito syndrome; insect allergy; CCD Inhibitor

Online: 28 March 2024 (14:57:27 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1671.v1

Cellular and Molecular Immunity to Influenza Viruses and Vaccines

Jane Carol Kasten-Jolly, David A Lawrence

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: influenza virus; vaccination; antibody; B cells; memory T cells; NK cells; macrophage cells; macroautophagy; epitope; idiotope

Online: 27 March 2024 (15:03:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1630.v1

Specific IgE and Basophil Activation Test by Microarray: A Promising Tool for Diagnosis of Platinum Compound Hypersensitivity Reactions

Carlos Fernández-Lozano, Claudia Geraldine Rita, Alicia Barra-Castro, Belén De la Hoz Caballer, Ernesto Roldán, Cristina Pueyo López, Javier Martinez-Botas, María Pilar Berges-Gimeno

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: basophil activation test; drug allergies; hypersensitivity reaction; microarray; platinum compounds

Online: 26 March 2024 (17:01:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1213.v1

The Dysregulation of the Monocyte-Dendritic Cell Interplay Is Associated with In-Hospital Mortality in COVID-19 Pneumonia

Domenico Galati, Domenico Mallardo, Carmine Nicastro, Serena Zanotta, Ludovica Capitelli, Carmen Lombardi, Bianca Baino, Ernesta Cavalcanti, Silvia Sale, Francesco Labonia, Rita Boenzi, Luigi Atripaldi, Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Marialuisa Bocchino

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; Sars-CoV-2; Dendritic cells; Monocytes CD169; Gene profile analysis

Online: 21 March 2024 (02:17:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1035.v1

Universal mRNA-based HIV Vaccine for Acute and Latent Infections

Sarfaraz K. Niazi, Matthias Magoola

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: HIV-1 1; HIV-2 2; surface proteins 3; Nef proteins 4; mRNA delivery 5; Universal vaccine.

Online: 18 March 2024 (11:24:43 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0928.v1

May Combination Therapy with Endothelin Receptor Antagonist and PDE5 Inhibitors Prevent Echocardiographic Findings Suspicious for PAH? Description of a Real-Life Case Series

Arianna Damiani, Gemma Lepri, Francesco Bonomi, Elisa Fiorentini, Silvia Peretti, Jelena Blagojevic, Silvia Bellando-Randone, Serena Guiducci

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: systemic sclerosis; pulmonary hypertension; Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors; endothelin receptor antagonist

Online: 15 March 2024 (13:15:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0488.v1

Neutrophil Elastase Degrades Histone Deacetylases and Sirtuin 1 in Primary Human Monocyte Derived Macrophages

Shuo Zheng, Gamze B. Bulut, Apparao B. Kummarapurugu, Jonathan Ma, Judith A. Voynow

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Neutrophil elastase; Macrophage; Cystic Fibrosis; Histone deacetylase; Sirtuin; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Online: 8 March 2024 (04:13:24 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0253.v1

The Role of Platelets in Central Hubs of Inflammation: A literature review

Yan Bo, Qingyang Lu, Beilei Li, Jianxun He, Chuhan Miao

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Platelets; Infection; Epilepsy; Inflammation; Immune thrombosis

Online: 5 March 2024 (10:20:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0166.v1

Infectious Diseases and Secondary Antibody Deficiency in Patients from a Mesoregion of São Paulo State

Luiz Euribel Prestes-Carneiro, Paula Andreia Martins Carrilho, Danimelle Francisco Honorato de Barros Torelli, Jose Antonio Nascimento Bressa, Ana Carolina Gomes Parizi, Pedro Henrique Meirelles Vieira, Fernanda Miranda Caliani Sa, Mauricio Domingues Ferreira

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Secondary Antibody Deficiency; hypo-γ -globulinemia; infectious diseases ;

Online: 4 March 2024 (15:50:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1740.v1

Predicting Clinical Response to Monoclonal TNF Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Transcriptomic Approach Based on Transmembrane TNF Reverse Signaling and NRF2 Activation

Katy Diallo, Yannick Degboé, Michel Baron, Anais Bellin-Robert, Jean Frédéric Boyer, Arnaud Constantin, Adeline Ruyssen-Witrand, Benjamin Rauwel, Alain Cantagrel, Jean-Luc DAVIGNON

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Anti-TNF, NRF2, Reverse Signaling, Biotherapy, Monoclonal Antibodies, Monocytes, Prediction.

Online: 29 February 2024 (14:46:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1748.v1

Frequency of Gene Polymorphisms in Admixed Venezuelan Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Microsomal Epoxy Hydroxylase (rs1051740) and Enos (rs1799983)

Maria Joahanna Peña, Claudia Valentina De Sanctis, Juan Bautista de Sanctis, Jenny Garmendia

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: recurrent pregnancy loss; single nucleotide gene polymorphism (SNP); microsomal epoxy hydrolase (mEPH); endothelial Nitric oxide synthase (eNOS); rs1051740; rs1799983

Online: 29 February 2024 (14:07:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1425.v1

A Nationwide Study of the Delayed Diagnosis and the Clinical Manifestations of Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies and CTLA4-Mediated Immune Dysregulation Syndrome in Greece

Androniki Kapousouzi, Fani Kalala, Styliani Sarrou, Evangelia Farmaki, Nikolaos Antonakos, Ioannis Kakkas, Alexandra Kourakli, Vasiliki Labropoulou, Charikleia Kelaidi, Georgia Tsiouma, Maria Dimou, Theodoros Vassilakopoulos, MICHAEL VOULGARELIS, Ilias Onoufriadis, Eleni Papadimitriou, Sophia Polychronopoulou, Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Argiris Symeonidis, Christos Hadjichristodoulou, Anastasios E. Germenis, Matthaios Speletas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: predominantly antibody deficiencies, common variable immunodeficiency, IgA deficiency, IgG subclass deficiency, CTLA4, diagnosis

Online: 26 February 2024 (12:46:08 CET)

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Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PAD) represent the most common type of primary immu-nodeficiencies in humans, characterized by a wide variation in disease onset, clinical manifesta-tions, complications and outcome. Considering that the prevalence of PAD in Greece is unknown and there is limited knowledge on clinical and laboratory characteristics of affected patients, we conducted a nationwide study, including 153 patients (male/female: 66/87; median age: 43.0 years; range: 7.0-77.0) diagnosed and/or followed-up between April 2007 to September 2023. Furthermore, we classified our cohort into five Groups according to their medical history, im-munoglobulin levels, and CTLA4-mutational status: 123 had common variable immunodeficien-cy (CVID), 12 with CVID-like disease (with a history of a previous B-cell depletion immunother-apy for autoimmune or malignant disease), seven with combined IgA and IgG subclass deficien-cies, five with immune dysregulation syndrome and CTLA4 defects, and six with unclassified hypogammaglobulinemia. We demonstrated a remarkable delay of PAD diagnosis, several years after the onset of related symptoms (median: 9.0 years, range: 0-43.0). Family history of PAD was only 11.8%, with the majority of patients considered sporadic cases. Most patients were diag-nosed in the context of a diagnostic work-up for recurrent infections, or recurrent/resistant auto-immune cytopenias. Interestingly, ten patients (5.6%) had no history of infection, diagnosed due to either recurrent/resistant autoimmunity, or during a work-up of their medical/family history. Remarkable findings included an increased prevalence of lymphoproliferation (60.1%) and atopy (24.2%), while 39 patients (25.5%) developed bronchiectasis and 16 (10.5%) granulomatous dis-ease. Patients with CTLA4 defects displayed a variable clinical phenotype at diagnosis, with four patients diagnosed during a work-up of re-current infections, while one also displayed a massive splenomegaly. Cancer was a common complication in our cohort (25 patients, 16.3%), with B-cell malignancies representing the most common neoplasms (56.7%). Our findings indicate the necessity of awareness about PAD and their complications, aiming for early diagnosis and appropriate management of affected patients

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0772.v1

Intranasal Immunization of Pneumococcal pep27 Mutant Attenuates Allergic and Inflammatory Diseases by Upregulating Skin and Mucosal Tregs

Hamid Iqbal, Dong-Kwon Rhee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Treg cells; nasal vaccine; mucosal tolerance; allergy; inflammatory diseases.

Online: 14 February 2024 (05:33:12 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0614.v1

Mucosal mRNA Vaccines. Merits and Perspectives

Antonio Quirino Toniolo, Giuseppe Maccari, Giovanni Camussi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: mRNA vaccines; mucosal immunity; extracellular vesicles; plant-based; mRNA constructs

Online: 12 February 2024 (09:52:14 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0421.v1

Effectiveness and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines, including Vaccination Issues in Trinidad and Tobago: A Systematic Review

Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Kimberly Roopnarine, Shaundell Solomon, Alyssa Phillips, Solange Salandy, Alyssa Subero, Sarah Seepersad, Nicholas Span, Phalmanie Ramnath, Akaasha Ramnarine, Bimala Ramdath, Chelsea Rampaul, Renissa Ramdial, Dana Phagoo, Thalia Ramdhanie, Vinaya Moonilal, Emily-Marie Poliah, Steffan Poonwassie, Karishta Punilal, Sarah Panchoo, Justice Parris, Steven Oudit, Trudy Muir, Johnson Nicholas-Joseph, Sanjeev Pakeerah, Vesham Sookoo, Patrice Richards, Tishia John, Darren Avinash Gopaul, Sachin Soodeen, Odette Arozarena-Barbosa, Arlene Williams, Chandrashehkar Unakal, Rodolfo Arozarena-Fundora, Reinand Thompson, Patrick E. Akpaka, Wezenet Tewodros, West Indian Immunology Society

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Pfizer-BioNTech; Modern; Novavax; AstraZeneca; Sinopharm; Janssen; vaccine effectiveness (VE); COVID-19; Trinidad and Tobago

Online: 7 February 2024 (08:12:24 CET)

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Vaccination against the SARS-CoV2 virus has shown great promise in managing the spread and severity of Covid-19. While these vaccines were able to provide a favourable response in controlling the SARS-CoV2 infection, its use came with accompanying side effects. This systematic review aimed to determine the effectiveness of the different Covid-19 vaccine subtypes and discover the side effects associated with each vaccine elsewhere but specially in Trinidad and Tobago. For this systematic review, the keywords “Pfizer-BioNTech OR Moderna OR Oxford-AstraZeneca OR Janssen OR Sinopharm OR Novavax AND Covid-19 vaccine efficacy” and “Covid-19 vaccines AND Trinidad and Tobago” were researched under PubMed, MEDLINE and other internet sources through which other notable journals, and documents were discovered and searched similarly as outlined previously. In doing so, 65 relevant articles were included as part of this review. Of the studies examined, overall the vaccine with the greatest VE was found to be Pfizer-BioNTech (95%), followed by Moderna (94.1%), Novavax (89.7%), AstraZeneca (70.4%), Sinopharm (67%) and finally Janssen (66.9%). The use of Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna was most efficacious in response to the different Covid-19 variants. Some side effects were common for all vaccine types however adverse effects were more commonly seen with vaccination by mRNA vaccines, Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-Astrazeneca. Researchers targeted individuals aged 18 and above residing in various geographical areas of TT, specifically focusing on those who had not received the COVID-19 vaccine and expressed hesitancy towards it. Convenience sampling was used to select the study participants, and formal in-depth virtual interviews were conducted on a one-to-one basis, employing a semi-structured questionnaire to guide the discussions. The interviews were meticulously recorded and transcribed, following the principles of reflexive thematic analysis, to distill key insights from the participants' responses. The study's findings, derived from the perspectives of 25 participants, illuminated a complex tapestry of reasons underlying vaccine hesitancy in Trinidad and Tobago. Notably, prominent themes emerged, including fear, doubts regarding vaccine efficacy, a perceived inadequacy of information, a sense of susceptibility to the virus, deep-seated mistrust, alternative herbal remedies, and religious reservations. Interestingly, the motivations expressed by these vaccine-hesitant individuals for potentially receiving the vaccine in the future were rooted in notions of necessity, an increased sense of susceptibility to the virus, a desire to reach a certain health benchmark, and a need for assurance regarding the vaccine's safety and effectiveness. This comprehensive exploration of vaccine hesitancy in TT provides valuable insights for public health officials and policymakers in crafting targeted strategies to address this critical issue within the local context. Conclusion: The findings of this study determined that vaccination against the SARS-CoV2 virus provided beneficial outcomes against infection, Covid-19 related hospitalizations, ICU admissions and mortality. While vaccination was deemed highly appropriate in managing the spread of the SARS-CoV2 virus and enhancing the outcomes in infected persons, the effectiveness of the different vaccine platforms indicated that certain vaccine platforms are preferential to others in different populations. In terms of vaccine efficacy, nucleic acid vaccines such as Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna showed the greatest effectiveness while inactivated whole virus vaccines such as Sinopharm and viral vectors like Janssen had the least effectiveness. The side effects, joint/muscle soreness, pain at the injection site, shoulder pain, headaches, fever, chills, weakness, epistaxis, renal and certain cardiovascular events were common for all vaccine types. Adverse effects were more frequent and severe with the mRNA vaccines by Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-Astrazeneca than inactivated whole virus vaccines. The data collected in this research can be very useful to help individuals make a decision on which vaccine would be appropriate for them. More long-term studies are needed to better gauge the scope of side effects for each vaccine type.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0298.v1

Neutrophil Activation in Diabetes Mellitus (DM)? Role of PAD4 Expression in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rat

Hsu Lin Kang, Krisztina Kupai, Zsuzsanna Valkusz, Andras Szasz, Tamás Várkonyi, Ákos Csonka, Anikó Pósa, Danica Matusovits

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: neutrophil; PAD4; streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat; citrullination

Online: 5 February 2024 (15:12:44 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0153.v1

Five-Membered Nitrogen Heterocycles Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors Induced Angioedema: An Underdiagnosed Condition.

Niki Papapostolou, Stamatios Gregoriou, Alexander Katoulis, Michael Makris

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE); angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi); angioedema; bradykinin mediated angioedema; tratement of ACEi induced AE

Online: 2 February 2024 (11:53:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0079.v1

Role of Advanced Glycation End Products as New Biomarkers in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Irene Carrión Barberà, Laura Triginer, Laura Tío, Carolina Pérez-García, Andrea Toloba, Ana Ribes, Victoria Abad, Ana Pros, Marcelino Bermudez, Eva Castro-Boqué, Albert Lecube, José Valdivielso, Jordi Monfort, Tarek Carlos Salman-Monte

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus; Advanced glycation end products; Cardiovascular disease; Biomarkers

Online: 2 February 2024 (04:49:33 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2228.v1

LncRNAs Affecting NF-κB-Mediated Macrophage Inflammation Are Potential Therapeutic Targets in Human Diseases

Jae-Joon Shin, Jeong-kwang Park, Hyeung-Seob Shin, Imene Arab, Kyoungho Suk, Won-Ha Lee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: human diseases; inflammation; lncRNA; macrophage; NF-κB

Online: 31 January 2024 (12:53:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2166.v1

Surface Topography, Microbial Adhesion, and Immune Responses in Silicone Mammary Implant-Associated Capsular Fibrosis

Ines Schoberleitner, Leoni Baier, Michaela Lackner, Lisa-Maria Zenz, Debora C. Coraca-Huber, Wendy Ullmer, Annabelle Damerun, Klaus Faserl, Stephan Sigl, Theresia Steinkellner, Selina Winkelmann, Bettina Sarg, Daniel Egle, Christine Brunner, Dolores Wolfram

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: implant-based breast reconstruction; SMI surface roughness; foreign body response (FBR); acute wound proteome; chronic wound proteome; antimicrobial humoral response; capsular fibrosis; surgical site microbiome; SMI-adhesive microbiome; implant-associated biofilm formation; SMI topography specific antimicrobial response; Staphylococcus transmission at surgical site; immunomics

Online: 31 January 2024 (05:46:56 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1407.v1

B Cell Subsets and Immune Checkpoint Expression in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia

Aviwe Ntsethe, Zekhethelo Alondwe Mkhwanazi, Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla, Bongani Brian Nkambule

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; immune checkpoints; B cell subsets; beta-2 microglobulin; programmed death protein 1; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4

Online: 19 January 2024 (04:36:13 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0918.v1

Polyphenols: Role in Modulating Immune Function and Obesity

Md Abdullah Al Mamun, Ahmed Rakib, Mousumi Mandal, Santosh Kumar, Bhupesh Singla, UDAI P SINGH

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: polyphenols; obesity; metabolic disorders; gut health; immunomodulation

Online: 11 January 2024 (13:26:43 CET)

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Polyphenols, long-used components of medicinal plants, have drawn great interest in recent years as potential therapeutic agents because of their safety, efficacy, and wide range of biological effects. Approximately 74% of the world's population still uses plant-based medicines, indicating the ongoing significance of phytochemicals for human health. The study emphasizes the growing body of research examining the role of polyphenols in uncovering their anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity properties. Functions of polyphenols including phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and phenolic acids are distinct due to changes in chemical diversity, and structural characteristics. This review methodically investigates the mechanism of how naturally occurring polyphenols mediate obesity and metabolic function. To this end, hormonal control of hunger has the potential to inhibit pro-obesity enzymes such as pancreatic lipase, the promotion of energy expenditure, and the modulation of adipocytokine production. Specifically, polyphenols affect insulin, a hormone that is essential for regulating blood sugar, and they also play a role in part in a complex web of factors that affect the progression of obesity. This review also explores the immunomodulatory properties of polyphenols, providing insight into their ability to improve immune function. The effects of polyphenols on gut health, improving the number of commensal bacteria, cytokine production suppression, and immune cell mediation, including natural killer cells and macrophages. Taken together, continuous studies are required for prudent and precise mechanisms underlying polyphenols' therapeutic potential in obesity and immunomodulation. In the interim, this review emphasizes the holistic approach to health and promotes the consumption of a wide range of foods and drinks high in polyphenols. This review lays the groundwork for future developments, indicating that the components of polyphenols and their derivatives may provide the answer to urgent worldwide health issues. This compilation of the body of knowledge paves the way for future discoveries in the global treatment of pressing health concerns in obesity and metabolic diseases.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0511.v1

Comprehensive Co-inhibitory Receptors (Co-IRS) Expression T Cells and Soluble Proteins Predict Ra Pathogenesis and Activity

Chin-Man Wang, Yeong-Jian Jan Wu, Li Yu Huang, Jian-Wen Zheng, Ji-Yih Chen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis; T cell; Co-inhibitory receptors; disease activity

Online: 8 January 2024 (02:31:58 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0460.v1

Breakthrough in Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm Cancer Therapy Owing to Precision Targeting of CD123

Serena Zanotta, Domenico Galati

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: BPDCN; dendritic cells; pDC; cancer therapy; immunotherapy

Online: 5 January 2024 (05:27:44 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0192.v1

NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Oxidative Stress and Its Implications for Vaccination-Related Adverse Events

Todd Terhune, Taravat Ghafourian, Richard Deth

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: aluminum; asthma; atopy; autism; COVD-19; cysteine; glutathione; IL-1 beta; IL-18; inflammasome; NLRP3; neuroinflammation; Nrf-2; oxidative stress; P2X7

Online: 3 January 2024 (08:03:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0101.v1

Incidence and Nature of Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Second Boosters: Insights from Taiwan's Universal Vaccination Strategy

Ching-Hao Lin, Tsung-An Chen, Pin-Hsuan Chiang, Ai-Ru Hsieh, Bih-Ju Wu, Po-Yu Chen, Kuan-Chen Lin, Zih-Syun Tsai, Ming-Hwai Lin, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Yu-Chun Chen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19 Booster Vaccination; Adverse Events; Vaccine Safety; Immunization Strategies; Pharmacovigilance; mRNA Vaccines; Taiwan's Vaccination Program; Real-World Evidence ;

Online: 3 January 2024 (02:38:46 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2171.v1

The Golgi Apparatus in the Spotlight: A Key Player in Innate Immunity and Intracellular Signaling Pathways

Ion Maruntelu, Alexandra-Elena Constantinescu, Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc, Ileana Constantinescu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Immunology; Innate-Immunity; Golgi-Apparatus; Intracellular-Signaling; NLRP3-Inflammasome

Online: 28 December 2023 (15:02:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2160.v1

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Geniposide on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Raw 264.7 Mouse Macrophages via Calcium-P38 MAPK Pathway

Hyun-Ju Kim, Wansu Park

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Geniposide; Lipopolysaccharide; Inflammation; Macrophages; Cytokine; Calcium; P38 MAPK

Online: 28 December 2023 (06:33:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2135.v1

Influence of the Hla-Cw6 Allele and IFIH1/MDA5 Gene Variants on the Cardiometabolic Risk Profile of Patients with Psoriatic Disease

Rubén Queiro

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: HLA-Cw6; IFIH1/MDA5 gene; psoriatic arthritis; psoriasis; cardiovascular risk

Online: 28 December 2023 (04:52:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2033.v1

Dietary Supplementation with 23-Hydroxy Ursolic Acid Reduces the Severity and Incidence of Acute Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Reto Asmis, Megan T. Medrano, Carol Chase Huizar, Wendell P. Griffith, Thomas G. Forsthuber

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: inflammation; redox biology; phytochemical; disease prevention; multiple sclerosis

Online: 27 December 2023 (10:09:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2066.v1

Elucidating the Biological Effects of Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA) Extracted from Septic Mice: In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations and Mechanistic Insights

Hyungdon Lee, Md. Habibur Rahman, Sofian Abdul-Nasir, Cheol-Su Kim, Bohyeon Kim, Jieun Park, Taehun Lim, Shivani Rajoriya, Won-Keun Kim, Soo-Ki Kim

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Sepsis, cecal ligation and pucture, cell free DNA, immune redox imbalance

Online: 27 December 2023 (09:50:52 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2026.v1

Immune‐Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy (IMNM): A Story of Antibodies

Sarah Julien, Inès Challier, Marine Malleter, Fabienne Jouen, Laurent Drouot, Olivier Boyer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy; myositis; anti-SRP; anti-HMGCR; autoantibodies

Online: 26 December 2023 (16:35:21 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1816.v1

Outcomes of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in an Overlapping Case of Advanced Systemic Sclerosis and IgG4-Related Disease

Alisa Julija Dulko, Irena Butrimienė, Rita Rugienė, Alma Čypienė, Valdas Pečeliūnas, Donatas Petroška

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: IgG4-related disease; systemic sclerosis; overlap syndrome; autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Online: 25 December 2023 (05:46:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0984.v2

Relationship between Clinical Manifestations and Serological Profile in Patients Affected by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Richard Borrelli, Stefania Nicola, Federica Corradi, Luca Lo Sardo, Iuliana Badiu, Alessandra Romito, Nicolò Rashidy, Anna Quinternetto, Marina Mazzola, Federico Meli, Elena Saracco, Ilaria Vitali, Domenico Cosseddu, Luisa Brussino

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: systemic lupus erythematosus; cytokines; antibodies; clinical manifestations; serological profile

Online: 18 December 2023 (02:56:49 CET)

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Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by a variety of both signs and symptoms; it mainly affects women of childbearing age, with an estimated prevalence of 24/100,000 people in Europe and North America. SLE is often described as an antibodies-driven disease as its clinical manifestations are usually associated with the presence or the absence of specific antibodies. Objectives To evaluate clinical manifestations in patients with SLE and to assess the relationship with the presence of specific antibodies by using real-world data. Methods A retrospective study was performed; the 2019 EULAR/ACR Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus were used to classify patients with SLE. Data concerning serological profiles (which included Antinuclear antibodies – ANA, anti dsDNA, anti-Ro/SS-A, anti-La/SS-B, anti-Sm) were gathered along with medical records of clinical manifestations. Complement levels were also tested for possible clinical correlations. χ² or Fisher's exact tests were utilized to establish associations between autoantibodies and symptoms. The odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed. No correction was made for multiple testing; only a p-value 0.01 ≤ was considered significant. Results One-hundred and twenty-seven patients (n=127, mean age 53.43 ±14.02) were enrolled in this study. Anti-dsDNA antibodies were found to be statistically significant for both malar rash and proteinuria; anti-Ro/SSA antibodies showed an association with photosensitivity and pericarditis; furthermore, a strong association was found between anti-Ro antibodies and proteinuria, but only if anti-dsDNA antibodies were present as well. Patients who tested positive for anti-La/SSB antibodies correlated with a threefold increase in the risk of developing pericarditis. Lastly, anti-Smith appeared to be associated with NPSLE as well as an increased risk for both autoimmune haemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Conclusions In our study, many associations confirmed those found in previous studies; however, new relationships between antibodies and clinical manifestations were found thus indicating the need for additional evaluations to assess these correlations further.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0001.v2

Xenosialylation: Role in SARS/CoV-2 Post-infectious and Post-vaccination Complications and Common Cause of Hyperimmune/Autoimmune Diseases

Fiorella Carnevali, Sara Mangiaterra, Giacomo Rossi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: sialic acid; sialylation; xeno-sialic acid; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 14 December 2023 (05:56:10 CET)

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The host glycosylation mechanism synthesizes the carbohydrates of glycoproteins of viral envelopes. Due to the loss of the Cytidine Monophospho-N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Hydroxylase gene by some mammalian species, including humans (negative-CMAH), Neu5Gc is no longer synthesized. Uptake of Neu5Gc by negative-CMAH species, through the intake of food products derived from positive-CMAH mammals, leads to incorporating Neu5Gc-glycans in the glycocalyx (xenosialylation). Neu5Gc, being a Mammalian-associated Carbohydrate Antigen (MCA), acts as a non-self-antigen, inducing an inflammatory reaction (Xenosialitis), and triggering the production of circulating antiNeu5Gc antibodies to attack/remove all incorporated Neu5Gc. In the state of Xenosialitis, the virus-neutralizing antibodies produced by a heavily xenosialylated patient following exposure to viral infection (including SarsCoV2) or anti SarsCoV2 vaccination cross-react against all incorporated non-self Neu5Gc-MCA glycans due to their resemblance with viral envelope antigens synthesized by the host glycosylation mechanism. In addition, the circulating anti-XeSias antibodies determine the massive removal of the circulating neutralizing FC-xeno-contaminated antibodies by the serum, living only the hyper-inflammatory agalattosylated antiviral IgG antibodies. Therefore, we hypothesize that the combination of antibody cross-reaction against non-self Neu5Gc-MCA glycans and the massive removal of the xeno-contaminated newly formed neutralizing antibodies in favor of hyper reactive antibodies, could be the cause of the massive inflammatory reaction (cytokine storm, coagulopathies, neuropathies) observed in Covid 19 patients or after anti-SarsCoV2 vaccination. This analysis is an invitation to investigate the post-infectious and/or post-vaccination adverse phenomena in the light of xenosialization as a key to understanding the severe post viral and post vaccine complications, including SARS-CoV2 infection or related vaccination.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0984.v1

Relationship between Clinical Manifestations and Serological Profile in Patients Affected by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Richard Borrelli, Stefania Nicola, Federica Corradi, Luca Lo Sardo, Iuliana Badiu, Alessandra Romito, Nicolò Rashidy, Anna Quinternetto, Marina Mazzola, Federico Meli, Elena Saracco, Ilaria Vitali, Domenico Cosseddu, Luisa Brussino

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: systemic lupus erythematosus; cytokines; antibodies; clinical manifestations; serological profile

Online: 14 December 2023 (04:15:17 CET)

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Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by a variety of both signs and symptoms; it mainly affects women of childbearing age, with an estimated prevalence of 24/100,000 people in Europe and North America. SLE is often described as an antibodies-driven disease as its clinical manifestations are usually associated with the presence or the absence of specific antibodies. Objectives To evaluate clinical manifestations in patients with SLE and to assess the relationship with the presence of specific antibodies by using real-world data. Methods A retrospective study was performed; the 2019 EULAR/ACR Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus were used to classify patients with SLE. Data concerning serological profiles (which included Antinuclear antibodies – ANA, anti dsDNA, anti-Ro/SS-A, anti-La/SS-B, anti-Sm) were gathered along with medical records of clinical manifestations. Complement levels were also tested for possible clinical correlations. χ² or Fisher's exact tests were utilized to establish associations between autoantibodies and symptoms. The odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed. No correction was made for multiple testing; only a p-value 0.01 ≤ was considered significant. Results One-hundred and twenty-seven patients (n=127, mean age 53.43 ±14.02) were enrolled in this study. Anti-dsDNA antibodies were found to be statistically significant for both malar rash and proteinuria; anti-Ro/SSA antibodies showed an association with photosensitivity and pericarditis; furthermore, a strong association was found between anti-Ro antibodies and proteinuria, but only if anti-dsDNA antibodies were present as well. Patients who tested positive for anti-La/SSB antibodies correlated with a threefold increase in the risk of developing pericarditis. Lastly, anti-Smith appeared to be associated with NPSLE as well as an increased risk for both autoimmune haemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Conclusions In our study, many associations confirmed those found in previous studies; however, new relationships between antibodies and clinical manifestations were found thus indicating the need for additional evaluations to assess these correlations further.

Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1031.v1

Challenges in Monitoring Anti-retroviral Therapy (ART) Clients in Developing Countries: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Prosper Ndlovu, Dev Desai, Maria Eleni Malafi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: HIV; AIDS; STDS; ART

Online: 14 December 2023 (03:27:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0794.v1

Co-Delivery of a Novel Lipidated TLR7/8 Agonist and Hemagglutinin-based Influenza Antigen Using Silica Nanoparticles Promotes Enhanced Immune Responses

Walid M. Abdelwahab, Sarah Auclair, Timothy Borgogna, Karthik Siram, Alexander Riffey, Hélène G. Bazin, Howard B. Cottam, Tomoko Hayashi, Jay T. Evans, David J. Burkhart

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: co-delivery; silica nanoparticles; vaccine adjuvant; toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) ligand; INI-4001; influenza virus; hemagglutinin H7

Online: 12 December 2023 (05:25:44 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0739.v1

Analysis of Anakinra therapy for the Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist through Clinical Evidence

Kathryn Pillai, Joshua Pillai, Jun Ling

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Autoimmune diseases; Deficiency of Interluekin-1 Receptor Antagonist (DIRA); Anakinra; IL-1RA; IL-1RN

Online: 11 December 2023 (17:55:12 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0717.v1

Navigating the Immune Maze: Pioneering Strategies for Un-shackling Cancer Immunotherapy Resistance

Liqin Yao, Qingqing Wang, Wenxue Ma

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Cancer immunotherapy 1; Resistance 2; Tumor microenvironment 3; Combination therapies 4; Immune checkpoint targets 5; Adoptive cell therapies 6; Cancer vaccines 7; Personalized medicine 8.

Online: 11 December 2023 (17:53:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0715.v1

Evaluation of the Immunosafety of Cucurbit[n]uril In Vivo

Ekaterina Pashkina, Alina Aktanova, Olga Boeva, Maria Bykova, Elena Gavrilova, Elena Goiman, Ekaterina Kovalenko, Na'il Saleh, Lyubov Grishina, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kozlov

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: nanoparticles; cucurbiturils; blood cells; immune system.

Online: 11 December 2023 (15:17:52 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0635.v1

Food Allergen Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Patients with IgE-Mediated Food Allergy

Mirjana Turkalj, Adrijana Miletić Gospić, Ivona Višekruna Džidić, Ivana Banić

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: food allergy, IgE mediated food allergy, oral immunotherapy, OIT, sublingual immunotherapy, SLIT, epicutaneous immunotherapy, EPIT, biologics

Online: 11 December 2023 (10:17:52 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0514.v1

Macrophage polarization in infectious diseases: PAMP, viru-lence factors, immune signaling and receptors

Cláudio Daniel Cerdeira, Maísa R.P.L. Brigagão

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Macrophage; polarization; receptor; bacteria; virus; fungi; parasites

Online: 8 December 2023 (07:39:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0525.v1

Safety and Efficacy of Tixagevimab and Cilgavimab for Prophylaxis of Covid-19 in a Cohort of Immunosuppressed Rheumatic Patients Treated with Rituximab: A Real-Life Experience

Silvia Peretti, Francesco Bonomi, Elisa Fiorentini, Francesca Bartoli, Gemma Lepri, Silvia Bellando-Randone, Serena Guiducci

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Tixagevimab, Cilgavimab, Rituximab, immunosuppression

Online: 7 December 2023 (11:59:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0511.v1

Sterile Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Boosts Anti-Inflammatory T-Cell Response in Ulcerative Colitis Patients

Anton Chechushkov, Pavel Desyukevich, Timir Yakovlev, Lina Al Allaf, Evgeniya Shrainer, Vitalyi Morozov, Nina Tikunova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Ulcerative colitis; Fecal microbiota transplantation; Sterile fecal microbiota transplantation, Regulatory T cells; Immune response

Online: 7 December 2023 (11:25:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0166.v1

Knowledge Representation of Age-Related Diseases under Innate and Adaptative-Immunosenescence Valued Contexts

javier Burgos-Salcedo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Immunosenescence; Knowledge representation; Formal concept Analysis; Age-related diseases

Online: 4 December 2023 (11:27:43 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0185.v1

Antibody Dependent Enhancement (ADE) of Infection into Macrophages Validates the Importance of HERV-K102 Particle Production for Pandemic Preparedness

Marian Laderoute

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: ADE, HERV-K102, HERV-K HML-2, immunosenescence, foamy macrophages, virus-anti-virus, pandemic preparedness, mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, alpha-fetoprotein antagonists, virus strategies, anti-viral, trained (innate) immunity

Online: 4 December 2023 (10:53:40 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.2011.v1

Allogeneic CAR-T Therapy Technologies: Has the Promise Been Met?

Caroline Lonez, Eytan Breman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: allogeneic; chimeric antigen receptor; off-the-shelf; gene editing

Online: 1 December 2023 (03:05:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.2007.v1

Immunological Patient Stratification in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Johanna Rohrhofer, Lisa Hauser, Lisa Lettenmaier, Lena Lutz, Larissa Koidl, Salvatore Alessio Gentile, Davide Ret, Michael Stingl, Eva Untersmayr

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: myalgic encephalomyelitis, chronic fatigue syndrome, immunology, immunodeficiencies, mucosal barrier function, patient stratification, post-viral fatigue, intestinal barrier leakage, debilitating disease

Online: 30 November 2023 (16:56:26 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1901.v1

The Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on Autoimmune Disorders: A Descriptive Analysis

Aritra Ghosh, Maria M. Larrondo-Petrie, Mirjana Pavlovic

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; SARS COV2; coronavirus; autoimmunity; molecular mimicry

Online: 29 November 2023 (15:25:59 CET)

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on global health, notably the virus's association with autoimmune illnesses. Autoimmune illnesses occur when the immune system of the body targets healthy cells, causing damage and inflammation. The potential impact of COVID-19 on autoimmune disorders, the hazards of COVID-19 vaccinations for persons with autoimmune diseases, and the potential risks of COVID-19 vaccines are all discussed in this essay. COVID-19 can cause autoimmune illnesses by causing inflammation, organ and tissue damage, and molecular mimicry, in which the immune system mistakenly assaults healthy cells for the virus. However, not everyone infected with COVID-19 develops autoimmune disorders. While some research has found a link between COVID-19 and autoimmune illnesses, this does not always suggest causation. Other factors, such as genetics and environment, may also play a role in the emergence of autoimmune illnesses. COVID-19 can aggravate existing autoimmune disorders by causing the immune system to attack healthy cells, making management more difficult and increasing the risk of consequences. People with autoimmune disorders, on the other hand, may not be at a higher risk of severe COVID-19 than the general population. Some research has found that persons with autoimmune disorders are more likely to have severe COVID-19, whereas others have found no difference. COVID-19 vaccinations may represent dangers to persons with autoimmune illnesses since they contain antigens that can activate the immune system. Furthermore, due to their already overactive immune systems, some vaccines may not perform as well for people with autoimmune disorders, and some people with autoimmune diseases may have severe reactions to immunizations, producing inflammation and other symptoms. COVID-19 may not be any more hazardous to those with autoimmune illnesses than it is to the general population. The connection between COVID-19 and autoimmune disorders is complicated and under investigation. While some research implies that people with autoimmune disorders have a higher risk of severe COVID-19, others demonstrate no difference in death rates between them and the general population. There are also counterarguments that COVID-19 can induce and exacerbate autoimmune disorders, as well as worries about COVID-19 vaccine hazards for people who have autoimmune diseases. More research is required to completely understand the influence of COVID-19 on autoimmune illnesses, as well as the dangers and benefits of vaccinations for these people.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1893.v1

Expression of Elafin and CD200 as Immune Checkpoint Molecules Involved in Celiac Disease

Candelaria Ponce-de-León, Pedro Lorite, Miguel Ángel López-Casado, Pablo Mora, Teresa Palomeque, María Isabel Torres

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: CD200/CD200R; Elafin; celiac disease; gluten peptides; immune checkpoint.

Online: 29 November 2023 (15:23:09 CET)

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(1) Background: We comprehensively evaluated the expression of therapeutically targetable immune checkpoint molecules on celiac disease. We have focused on the alteration of the CD200/CD200R pathway and Elafin expression in celiac disease and discussed their roles in regulating the immune response. There are limited data related to the expression or function of these molecules in celiac disease. This finding could significantly contribute to the understanding of the clinical manifestation of celiac disease; (2) Methods: CD200, CD200R and Elafin distribution was determined by ELISA and immunohistochemistry analyses in serum and biopsies of CD patients. Analyses of Th1 and Th17 cytokines were determined. PCR amplification of a fragment of the PI3 gene was carried out using genomic DNA isolated from whole blood samples of the study subjects. Different aliquots of the PCR reaction product were subjected to RFLP analysis for SNP genotyping and detection; (3) Results: We characterized the expression and function of the CD200–CD200R axis and PI3 in celiac disease. A significantly higher level of soluble CD200, CD200R and lower expression of PI3 in serum of CD patients was observed compared to healthy controls. Consistent with our results, CD200 expression is regulated by IFN-gamma. Interaction of CD200/CD200R leads to production of type Th1 and Th17 cytokines. Regarding the PI3 genotype, the CT genotype proportion SNP rs1733103 and the GG genotype SNP rs41282752, were predominant in CD patients. SNP rs1733103 showed a significant association between the SNP variables and CD; (4) Conclusions: In celiac disease the immune checkpoint is compromised or dysregulated, which can contribute to inflammation and the autoimmunity process. The study of these checkpoint points will led to the development of targeted therapies aimed at restoring immunological balance in CD. Specific coding regions of the PI3 gene splice variants predispose the Elafin protein, both at the transcriptional and post-translational levels, to modify its expression and function, resulting in reduced differential functional protein levels in patients with active celiac disease.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1812.v1

Trio-Based Exome Sequencing and High-Resolution HLA Typing in Families of Patients with Autoimmune Adrenal Insufficiency and Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome

Anastasiia A. Buianova, Marina. Yu Yukina, Valery V. Cheranev, Oleg N. Suchalko, Anna O. Shmitko, Alina F. Samitova, Nurana F. Nuralieva, Elena V. Kulagina, Elena N. Savvateeva, Ekaterina A. Troshina, Denis V. Rebrikov, Dmitry A. Gryadunov, Dmitriy O. Korostin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: autoimmune adrenal insufficiency; autoimmune polyglandular syndromes; autoantibodies; microarray; whole-exome sequencing; Trio-exome sequencing; high-resolution HLA typing

Online: 29 November 2023 (02:22:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1523.v1

IgG Antibody Responses to Epstein-Barr Virus in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Their Effective Potential for Disease Diagnosis and Pathological Antigenic Mimicry

André Fonseca, Mateusz Szysz, Hoang Thien Ly, Clara Cordeiro, Nuno Sepúlveda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Biomarker discovery; disease pathogenesis; autoimmunity; antigenic mimicry; machine learning

Online: 23 November 2023 (11:10:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1397.v1

Co-delivery of Novel Synthetic TLR4 and TLR7/8 Ligands Adsorbed to Aluminum Salts Promotes Th1-Mediated Immunity against Poorly Immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 RBD

Karthik Siram, Stephanie K. Lathrop, Walid Abdelwahab, Rebekah Tee, Clara J. Davison, Haley A. Partlow, Jay T. Evans, David J. Burkhart

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist; TLR4; TLR7/8; adjuvants; alhydrogel; adju-phos; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19

Online: 22 November 2023 (14:34:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1289.v1

Immune Signature of Patients With Cardiovascular Disease Predicts Increased Risk for a Severe Course of COVID-19

Manina Günter, Karin Anne Lydia Müller, Mathew J. Salazar, Sarah Gekeler, Carolin Prang, Tobias Harm, Meinrad P. Gawaz, And Stella E. Autenrieth

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: cardiovascular disease; SARS-CoV-2 infection; COVID-19; spectral flow cytometry; immuno-response; immune signature

Online: 21 November 2023 (09:36:57 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0805.v1

Cx₃Mab-4: a Novel Anti-mouse CXCR3 Monoclonal Antibody for Flow Cytometry

Tsunenori Ouchida, Yu Isoda, Tomohiro Tanaka, Mika K Kaneko, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Yukinari Kato

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: mouse CXCR3; monoclonal antibody; CBIS method

Online: 14 November 2023 (05:37:03 CET)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0649.v1

Insights on Ferritin as a Screening and a Diagnostic Marker for Still’s Disease: A Narrative review

Zeal Soni, Samkit Vora, Dev Desai

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Still’s Disease; Ferritin; Arthritis

Online: 9 November 2023 (14:39:52 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0261.v1

Mandatory Childhood Vaccinations in Poland—The Art of Preventing the Preventable

Aleksandra Kamińska, Katarzyna Plata-Nazar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: childhood vaccinations; mandatory vaccinations; Poland; immunity; MMR vaccine, tuberculosis vaccine, poliomyelitis vaccine, vaccination rate

Online: 3 November 2023 (15:47:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0224.v1

Predictive Value of Der P 2-Specific IgE for Subcutaneous Immunotherapy in Children With Allergic Rhinitis

Jiayan Wang, Bohuai Xu, Xujin Jia, Yong He, Beibei Jia, Junyuan Li, Ming Xu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: allergic rhinitis; childhood; biomarkers; dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; subcutaneous immunotherapy

Online: 3 November 2023 (07:57:10 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1996.v1

Preventive and Therapeutic Vaccines against HIV: From New Mechanisms to Clinical Trials

Yury Zhernov, Vladislava Petrova, Mark Simanduyev, Sonya Vysochanskaya, Inna Fadeeva, Ksenja Riabova, Maria Zhuravleva, Denis Gorshenin, Artem Basov, Denis Shcherbakov, Oleg Mitrokhin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: HIV; preventive vaccines; therapeutic vaccines; AIDS; vaccine targets

Online: 31 October 2023 (06:13:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1896.v1

Identification of Immune-Based Biomarkers Associated With Response to Abatacept (CTLA4-Ig) in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Panagiota Goutakoli, Garyfalia Papadaki, Argyro Repa, Nestor Avgoustidis, Eleni Kalogiannaki, Irini D. Flouri, Antonios Bertsias, Jerome Zoidakis, Martina Samiotaki, George Bertsias, Maria Semitekolou, Panayotis Verginis, Prodromos Sidiropoulos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis; abatacept; CTLA4-Ig; biomarkers; immune cells; Th1; proteomics

Online: 30 October 2023 (10:23:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1294.v1

Induction of Antiviral Mechanisms by Interferon-Related Genes in Rock Bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) Infected with Rock Bream Iridovirus (RBIV)

Myung-Hwa Jung

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: rock bream; rock bream iridovirus; water temperature; virus replication; inteferons

Online: 19 October 2023 (16:43:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0660.v1

The B Cell Response and Formation of Allergenic and Anti-allergenic Antibodies in Food Allergy

Chinweike Udoye, Marc Ehlers, Rudolf Manz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: IgE; B cell response; allergy

Online: 11 October 2023 (09:01:51 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0669.v1

Vaccinating against Cancer – How to Force the Quatrature of the Circle

Matthias Giese

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Cancer biology; tumor immunology; neoantigens; T cell exhaustion; immunosenescence; cancer vaccines; RNA vaccines

Online: 11 October 2023 (04:43:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0554.v1

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography findings of Polymyalgia Rheumatica in Patients with Large Vessel vasculitis

Elena Heras-Recuero, Marta Martínez de Bourio-Allona, Laura Cristina Landaeta-Kancev, Teresa Blázquez-Sánchez, Arantxa Torres-Roselló, Miguel Álvarez-Rubio, Mariam Belhaj-Gandar, Juan Antonio Martínez-López, Luis Martínez-Dhier, Javier Llorca, Raquel Largo, Miguel Ángel González-Gay

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Positron emission computed tomography (PET-CT) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), FDG uptake, large vessel vasculitis, giant cell arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica.

Online: 10 October 2023 (02:58:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0145.v1

Omega-3 Lipid Mediators: Modulation of the M1/M2 Macrophage Phenotype and its Protective Role in Chronic Liver Diseases

Luis A Videla, Rodrigo Valenzuela, Andrea Del Campo, Jessica Zuñiga-Hernandez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: chronic liver disease; specialized pro-resolving mediators; inflammation; macrophage polarization; inmunometabolism

Online: 3 October 2023 (11:11:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0045.v1

Assessment of Symptom Perception by Visual Analog Scale in Children with Newly-Diagnosed Allergic Rhinitis: The Link with Asthma

Maria Angela Tosca, Irene Schiavetti, Vincenzo Meleca, Matteo Naso, Chiara Trincianti, And Giorgio Ciprandi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Allergic rhinitis; asthma; symptoms; perception; visual analog scale

Online: 2 October 2023 (11:57:22 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0001.v1

Xenosialylation: Role in SARS/CoV-2 Post-infectious and Post-vaccination Complications and Common Cause of Hyperimmune/Autoimmune Diseases

Fiorella Carnevali, Sara Mangiaterra, Giacomo Rossi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: sialic acid; sialylation; xeno-sialic acid; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 1 October 2023 (07:28:10 CEST)

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The host glycosylation mechanism synthesizes the carbohydrates of glycoproteins of viral envelopes. Due to the loss of the Cytidine Monophospho-N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Hydroxylase gene by some mammalian species, including humans (negative-CMAH), Neu5Gc is no longer synthesized. Uptake of Neu5Gc by negative-CMAH species, through the intake of food products derived from positive-CMAH mammals, leads to incorporating Neu5Gc-glycans in the glycocalyx (xenosialylation). Neu5Gc, being a Mammalian-associated Carbohydrate Antigen (MCA), acts as a non-self-antigen, inducing an inflammatory reaction (Xenosialitis), and triggering the production of circulating antiNeu5Gc antibodies to attack/remove all incorporated Neu5Gc. In the state of Xenosialitis, the virus-neutralizing antibodies produced by a heavily xenosialylated patient following exposure to viral infection (including SarsCoV2) or anti SarsCoV2 vaccination cross-react against all incorporated non-self Neu5Gc-MCA glycans due to their resemblance with viral envelope antigens synthesized by the host glycosylation mechanism. In addition, the circulating anti-XeSias antibodies determine the massive removal of the circulating neutralizing FC-xeno-contaminated antibodies by the serum, living only the hyper-inflammatory agalattosylated antiviral IgG antibodies. Therefore, we hypothesize that the combination of antibody cross-reaction against non-self Neu5Gc-MCA glycans and the massive removal of the xeno-contaminated newly formed neutralizing antibodies in favor of hyper reactive antibodies, could be the cause of the massive inflammatory reaction (cytokine storm, coagulopathies, neuropathies) observed in Covid 19 patients or after anti-SarsCoV2 vaccination. Therefore, evaluating the serum anti-MCA antibodies titer, particularly anti-Neu5GC antibodies, could be a groundbreaking tool to timely identify patients at risk of developing severe complications in case of all viral infections, including SARS-CoV2 and repeated vaccinations.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.2135.v1

Vaccination against Influenza: Clinical and Cytokine Profile of Patients with Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Мikhail Petrovich Kostinov, Alexander Chuchalin, Anna Chebykina, Nelli Kimovna Akhmatova, Valentina Borisovna Polishchuk, Nadezhda Kryukova, Aristitsa M. Kostinova, Anna E Vlasenko, Alexander Petrovich Cherdantsev, Irina Leonidovna Solovieva, Marina Loktionova, Anna Dmitrievna Shmitko, Lilya Solomonovna Gladkova, Yvette Albahansa Mana

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Influenza vaccine; Grippol® Plus; asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; vaccine efficacy; cytokines; CRP

Online: 30 September 2023 (08:27:03 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1883.v1

Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Health and Disease Pathophysiology: Recent Advancements and Future Insights

Md. Monirul Islam, Naoshi Takeyama

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); innate immunity; sepsis; lung disease; cardiovascular disease; liver disease; kidney disease; diabetes; COVID-19; coagulopathy and thrombotic microangiopathy; cancer; autoimmunity; preeclampsia; Kawasaki disease

Online: 28 September 2023 (04:00:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1467.v1

A Puzzling Mast Cell Trilogy: Anaphylaxis, MCAS and Mastocytosis

Theo Gülen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Anaphylaxis; MCAS; mastocytosis; KIT D816V; tryptase; mediator-release symptoms; Hereditary alpha-tryptasemia; atopy

Online: 21 September 2023 (12:10:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1374.v1

Early ENT Manifestations in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Poliangioitis: Results from Our Cohort Group and Literature Review

Mario D’Onofrio, Daniele La Prova, Maria Rosaria Galdiero, Elena Cantone, Eugenio Tremante, Vittoria Barbieri, Claudio Di Nola, Giuseppe Spadaro, Amato De Paulis, Aikaterini Detoraki

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis; EGPA; ENT; rhinosinusitis; CRSwNP; hearing loss; otitis; ANCA; vasculitis

Online: 20 September 2023 (07:36:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1099.v1

Altered Peripheral Amino Acid Profile Has Pivotal Role in Controlling Pro- and anti- Inflammatory Responses in Celiac Disease

Shayan Fallah, Nastaran Asri, Abdolrahim Nikzamir, Shokoufeh Ahmadipour, Amir Sadeghi, Kamran Rostami, Mohammad Rostami-Nejad

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: celiac disease; gluten free diet; amino acids; vitamin A; treatment

Online: 19 September 2023 (03:48:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1211.v1

Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and Its Avidity Compared with Neutralizing Antibodies among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital, South India – a One Year Follow Up Study

Anagoni Srikar, Mudhigeti Nagaraja, Alladi Mohan, Pottekula Prakash, Kodavala Sireesha, Nallapireddy Umapathi, Anju Verma, Usha Kalawat

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-COV-2; Health care workers; IgG antibody; Neutralizing antibody; Antibody avidity

Online: 19 September 2023 (03:35:40 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1216.v1

Regulatory ILC2 – Role of IL-10 Producing ILC2 in Asthma

Nahal Emami Fard, Maria Xiao, Roma Sehmi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Allergic Inflammatory Disease; Asthma; Type 2 Inflammation; Interleukin-10

Online: 18 September 2023 (19:16:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0674.v2

Excess Mortality and the Effect of the COVID-19 Vaccines Part 1: European Data

Peter Hegarty

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; vaccination; all-cause mortality; excess mortality

Online: 15 September 2023 (05:26:17 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0966.v1

Bone Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloartritis: An Updated Review

Francesco Orsini, Chiara Crotti, Gilberto Cincinelli, Raffaele Di Taranto, Andrea Amati, Matteo Ferrito, Massimo Varenna, Roberto Caporali

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: osteoimmunology; rheumatoid arthritis; erosions; spondyloarthritis; bone tissue; new bone formation

Online: 14 September 2023 (08:23:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0839.v1

The Phenotypic Characterization of the Oldest Italian Men from December 28, 2020 to September 23, 2021, Antonino Turturici, Suggests a Role for Immune System in the Attainment of Extreme Longevity

Giulia Accardi, Anna Aiello, Stefano Aprile, Anna Calabrò, Rosalia Caldarella, Marcello Ciaccio, Calogero Caruso, Francesco Dieli, Mattia Emanuela Ligotti, Serena Meraviglia, Giuseppina Candore

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Ageing; ARIP; Biological Ageing; Inflamm-ageing; INFLA-score; Lymphocyte subsets; Longevity; Semi-supercentenarian

Online: 13 September 2023 (07:22:24 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0673.v2

Immunopathogenesis of Orthopoxviridae: Insights into Immunology from Smallpox to Monkeypox (Mpox)

Brent Brown, Chinua Imarogbe, Ingo Fricke, Alexander Gonzalez, Pascal Mensah

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Orthopoxvirus; Molecular; Health; Immunology; Monkeypox; Smallpox; Innate; Adaptive; Cells

Online: 12 September 2023 (02:45:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0695.v2

Filoviridae: Insights into Immune Responses to Ebolavirus

Brent Brown

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Adaptive; Ebola; Filoviridae; Immunology; Innate; Molecular

Online: 12 September 2023 (02:40:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0674.v1

ExcessMortality Data and the Effect of the COVID-19 Vaccines Part 1: European Data

Peter Hegarty

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; vaccination; all-cause mortality; excess mortality

Online: 11 September 2023 (11:31:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.2148.v1

HIV Drug Resistance Patterns and Characteristics Associated with Clinically Significant Drug Resistance among Children with Virologic Failure on Antiretroviral Treatment in Kenya: Findings from the Opt4Kids Randomized Controlled Trial

Lisa L Abuogi, Patrick Oyaro, Garoma Wakjira, Katherine K Thomas, Andrea Scallon, Irene Mukui, Bhavna H. Chohan, Evelyn Brown, Enericah Karauki, Nashon Yongo, Bilaal Ahmed, Shukri A. Hassan, James Wagude, Eunice Kinywa, Lindah Otieno, Leonard Kingwara, Boaz Oyaro, Lisa M Frenkel, Grace John-Stewart, Rena C Patel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: HIV; children; drug resistance; virologic failure

Online: 31 August 2023 (09:25:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1977.v1

Ebola Virus Infection of Liver Cells: Effect of Interferon Gamma on Virus Infection of Primary Kupffer Cells and a Kupffer Cell Line

José A. Aguilar-Briseño, Jonah M. Elliff, J. J. Patten, Lindsay R. Wilson, Robert A. Davey, Adam L. Bailey, Wendy J. Maury

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Macrophage; Kupffer cell; interferon gamma; Ebola virus; filovirus

Online: 29 August 2023 (14:17:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1482.v1

Methodological Principles of Nasal Food Challenge

Edyta Krzych-Fałta, Oksana Wojas, Monika E. Czerwińska, Konrad Furmańczyk, Bolesław Samoliński, Błażej Grodner, Adam Sybilski, Grażyna Nowicka, Sławomir Białek

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: egg allergy; nasal food challenge; optical rhinometry; VAS scale

Online: 21 August 2023 (16:10:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1457.v1

IL-31—Pruritus Interleukin: Serum Values and Clinical Impact in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria —A Romanian Retrospective Study

Carmen-Teodora Dobrican-Băruța, Diana Mihaela Deleanu, Ioana Adriana Muntean, Irena Pintea, Cristian Marius Florea, Gabriela Adriana Filip

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: IL-31; CSU; UAS7; pruritus; inflammation; atopy; IgE

Online: 21 August 2023 (10:23:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1132.v1

Immunological Misfiring and Sex Differences/Similarities in Early COVID-19 Studies: Missed Opportunities of Making a Real IMPACT

Aditi Bhargava, Johannes D Knapp

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: coagulopathy; COVID-19; CXCL; dendritic cells; ICU; IL6; IL7; IFN; sex differences and similarities

Online: 16 August 2023 (07:57:44 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1130.v1

The Long Covid-19 Syndrome the Spike Protein and Stem Cells, the Underrated Role of Retrotransposons, a Working Hypothesis

Mario G. Balzanelli, Pietro Distratis, Rita Lazzaro, Gianna Dipalma, Francesco Inchingolo, Raffaele Del Prete, Van Hung Pham, Sergey K. Aityan, Kieu C.D. Nguyen, Ciro Isacco Gargiulo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; ZIKV; mRNA; RNAi; ncRNA; L1; retrotransposons; pluripotent multipotent stem cells

Online: 15 August 2023 (12:42:29 CEST)

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Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) was seen as a respiratory disease, however, an increasing number of reports indicated that the spike protein could also be the cause of the long-term post-infectious conditions known as Long-COVID characterized by a group of unresponsive idiopathic severe neuro, cardio-vascular disorders, including strokes, cardiopathies, neuralgias, fibromyalgia, and Parkinson's like-disease. Different lines of pieces of evidence confirmed that the spike protein that can be found on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virus latches onto angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors located on target cells. The RNA genome of coronaviruses, which, has a median length of 29 kb and is the longest among all RNA viruses, is comprised of six to ten open reading frames (ORFs) that are responsible for encoding both the replicase and structural proteins for the virus. Each of the components of the viral genome is packaged into a helical nucleocapsid that is surrounded by a lipid bilayer. The viral envelope of coronaviruses is typically made up of three proteins that include the membrane protein (M), the envelope protein (E), and the spike protein (S). The spike protein not only facilitates the virus entry into healthy cells, which is the first step in infection but also promote profound damage to different organs and tissues leading to severe impairments and long-term disabilities. Here, we discussed the pervasive mechanism that spikes mRNA adopted to alter multipotent and pluripotent stem cell (SCs) genomes and the acquired disability of generating an infinite number of affected clonal cells. This stance is based on the molecular and evolutionary aspects obtained from retrotransposons-retrotransposition in mammalians and humans that documented the frequent integration of mRNA molecules into genomes and thus into DNA. Retrotransposition is the molecular process in which transcribed and spliced mRNAs are accidentally reverse-transcribed and inserted into new genomic positions to form a retrogene. Sequence-specific traits of mRNA clearly showed long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) to confirm the retrotransposition, considered the most abundant autonomously active retrotransposons in the human genome. In mammals, L1 retrotransposons drive retrotransposition and are composed of long terminal repeats (LTRs) and non-LTR retrotransposons (mainly long interspersed nuclear elements or LINEs); specifically, the LTR-mediated retrocopies are immediately cotranscribed with their flanking LTR retrotransposons. In response to retrotransposons transposition, stem cells (SCs) employ a number of silencing mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modification. This manuscript theorizes the expression patterns, functions, and regulation of mRNA Spike protein imprinted by SCs retrotransposons which generate unlimited lines of affected cell progenies and tissues as the main condition of untreatable Spike-related inflammatory conditions.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0881.v1

Association of ABO Blood Type with Infection and Severity of COVID-19 in Inpatient and Longitudinal Cohorts

Tiffany Alyssa Eatz, Alejandro Max Antonio Mantero, Erin Caitlin Williams, Charles Joseph Cash, Nathalie Elisabeth Perez, Zachary James Cromar, Adiel Hernandez, Matthew Moses Cordova, Neha Pradyumna Godbole, Le Pham Anh, Rachel Rebecca Lin, Sherry Luo, Anmol Bharat Patel, Yaa Fosuah Abu, Suresh Pallikkuth, Savita G Pahwa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: blood type; COVID-19; coronavirus; immunology; association; severity; infection A; O; B; AB; Rh factor

Online: 11 August 2023 (12:58:06 CEST)

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Introduction: The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the association between human blood type and COVID-19 infection in both inpatient and longitudinal populations at our institution in South Florida and (2) identify the association between blood type and severity of COVID-19 infection via presence of cellular biomarkers of severe infection in hospitalized individuals. Methods: This study consists of (1) a single-center retrospective analysis of 669 of 2,741 COVID-19 positive screened patients seen from January 1, 2020 until March 31, 2021 at the University of Miami Emergency Department (ED) who tested positive for COVID-19 infection and had a documented ABO blood type and (2) a longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 immunity study (“CITY”) at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine consisting of 185 survey participants. COVID-19 outcome rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each ABO blood type and Rh group using Chi-squared tests for categorical and ANOVA for continuous variables in the inpatient cohort and Chi-squared tests for the longitudinal cohort, all executed in R studio. Results: Our inpatient cohort had a mean age of 53.6 (± 17.9) years with 48% males and 52% females. When compared to patients with other blood types, those with O- demonstrated less risk of developing COVID-19 pneumonia (26.7% for O- vs. 69.2% for type A-, 56.5% for A+, 71.4% for AB+, 53.7% for B+, 51.5% for O+, p-value= 0.003 via Chi-squared test) and decreased mortality due to COVID-19 infection (17.0% mortality for O vs. 26.3% for A, 29.2% for B, p-value= 0.012 via Chi-squared test). Blood type O- demonstrated less elevated levels of LDH than did other blood types (p-value= 0.001, ANOVA) and a higher frequency of clinically accepted baseline levels of troponin (0.04 ng/mL) (p-value= 0.026, ANOVA) (Figure 1). Most of the longitudinal cohort was ABO blood grouping type O (47% (87/185)), with 33.5% type A, 14.1% B, and 5.4% AB. Most individuals were Rh positive (85.9%). There was no significant association found between COVID status (infection vs. non-infection) and ABO (Chi-squared test (3, N = 185) = 1.8, p = 0.6) or Rh (Chi-squared test (1, N = 185) = 0.16, p = 0.7) blood typing. Nearly all participants had been vaccinated (95.1% (176/185)), with a majority reporting primary vaccination with Pfizer (57.8% (107/185)), followed by Moderna (33% (61/185)), and Johnson & Johnson (4.3% (8/185)). 8 participants (4.3%) were unvaccinated. Conclusions: In an inpatient setting, blood type O sustained less risk of COVID-19 mortality and O- demonstrated less risk of developing COVID-19 pneumonia. In a longitudinal setting, there was no association found between blood type and COVID-19 severity. As the novelty of COVID-19 infection declines with time, further studies on risk-stratification by blood type are encouraged.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0878.v1

Usp22 Deficiency Switches Antiviral Response into Pathological CD8+ T Cell Activation via Downregulation of PD-L1

Justa Friebus-Kardash, Theresa Charlotte Christ, Nikolaus Dietlein, Abdelrahman Elwy, Hossam Abdelrahman, Lisa Holnsteiner, Zhongwen Hu, Hans-Reimer Rodewald3, Karl Sebastian Lang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Ubiquitin-Specific-peptidase 22 (Usp22); LCMV; PD-L1 downregulation; activation of CD8+ T cells; iver failure

Online: 11 August 2023 (08:58:08 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0557.v1

The Role of Biomarkers in the Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Therapeutic Approach in Systemic Sclerosis

Anna Bazsó, Emese Kiss

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: systemic sclerosis; organ manifestations; biomarkers; prognosis

Online: 8 August 2023 (02:49:33 CEST)

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Medicine and Pharmacology