Abstract: This paper provides a analytical proof of the Riemann Hypothesis using a differential interaction operator Φ(s,δ) on the Hilbert space l²(N). By mapping the Dirichlet η-function to a trace-class operator representing the interaction between states shifted by ±δ from the critical line, we derive a Phase-Torque J(δ,t) governed by a hyperbolic sine bias. We establish a Product Criterion showing that the operator trace vanishes if and only if a zero exists at either 1/2 + δ + it or 1/2 − δ + it. Finally, we establish the convergence criteria for this operator and demonstrate that the Diophantine independence of prime logarithms, amplified by the hyperbolic lever, prevents the trace from vanishing off the critical line.

Abstract: Background: n-3 Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5 n-3) is increasingly viewed as a distinct long-chain omega-3 fatty acid with biological activities that are not fully captured by EPA or DHA. However, progress remains limited by restricted access to high-purity DPA: most commercial sources contain DPA as a minor component, and published isolation strategies often yield only enriched mixtures or require multi-step workflows that are difficult to scale in standard laboratories. Objectives: To establish a robust, laboratory-accessible purification workflow to obtain DPA ethyl ester at high purity while preserving oxidative quality. Methods: Candidate lipid sources were screened to select an optimal DPA-containing feedstock. Oils were stabilized with antioxidants and pre-fractionated by cold crystallization (−20 °C) to reduce saturated lipids and oxidation by-products. Preparative separation used a stacked C18 flash system (15 μm + 45 μm in series) operated isocratically (methanol/water 92:8, v/v) at 120 mL/min. Fractions were analyzed by GC and iteratively reinjected to progressively enrich the DPA window. Solvent was recovered by distillation and reused. Results: Omegavie® 4020EE (6.6% DPA) was identified as the best starting material. Pretreatment eliminated detectable TBARS-derived malondialdehyde. The isocratic purification-loop strategy produced tens of grams of DPA ethyl ester at >98% purity (GC–FID) with high overall recovery (~90%) and >90% solvent recycling. Identity and purity were confirmed by GC–MS and ^1H NMR, and oxidation indices remained low (peroxide value < 0.2 meq/kg; p-anisidine < 3). Conclusions: This scalable, solvent-conscious protocol enables reliable access to high-purity DPA and should be adaptable to other low-abundance polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Abstract: A commercial refrigerated vegetable cream containing pumpkin and carrots as main ingredients was stored under refrigeration for 30 days without treatment (controls), supplemented with bacteriocin AS-48, treated by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP, 600 MPa, 8 min, 55ºC) or a combination of bacteriocin and HHP. At day 2, half of the samples were incubated for 24 h at room temperature (simulating a temperature abuse event) and then refrigerated again. Total viable counts and bacterial diversity were determined. Bacteriocin did reduce viable counts, but HHP treatment (singly or in combination with bacteriocin) was the most effective. Viable counts increased in controls during temperature abuse, but not in samples treated with bacteriocin, HHP or both. The initial microbiota of control samples was composed mainly by Pseudomonadota (74.50%), followed by Bacillota (21.19%) and Actinobacteriota (3.69%). Bacillota became the predominant group during refrigerated storage (87.21 to 99.48%). After simulation of a 24-h temperature abuse event, control samples had lower relative abundances of Bacillota during storage and higher relative abundances of Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota. All treated samples (irrespective of the type of treat-ment) showed a lower relative abundance of Bacillota during storage compared to untreated controls without temperature abuse. Genus Bacillus was the predominant group in the control samples during storage and, although in lower abundance, it was also detected in samples treated with high pressure, bacteriocin or their combination. Acinetobacter was associated with temperature abuse.

Abstract: Machine learning-based phishing detectors are vulnerable to adversarially crafted URLs that preserve malicious intent while evading lexical classifiers. This work investigates adversarial robustness for phishing URL detection and introduces a defense strategy that combines character-level adversarial training with distributional regularization. We construct an evaluation benchmark of 280,000 benign and 120,000 phishing URLs, and generate over 1.5 million adversarial variants using obfuscation rules, homoglyph substitution, and gradient-based attacks. A character-level CNN–BiLSTM classifier is trained with adversarial examples and a Wasserstein distance-based regularizer to keep internal representations of benign and phishing distributions well separated. Under strong white-box attacks, our defended model maintains an AUC of 0.958 and accuracy of 91.2%, outperforming non-robust baselines by more than 12 percentage points. The results suggest that adversarially aware training is critical for deploying phishing detectors in adversarial settings where attackers actively optimize for evasion.

Abstract: Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a cannot miss diagnosis. The gold standard workup for this requires serial troponin biomarker evaluation over a period of hours. Traditionally, many of these patients required telemetry while being evaluated in this fashion, however high-quality literature suggesting that low risk patients do not require ongoing continuous cardiac monitoring. Further to this, it was found locally that over 70% of patients presenting with chest pain to our local high volume urgent care undergoing a cardiac work-up were transferred to the main hospital for this via emergency medical services (EMS). We felt this intersection of patient care and medical services could be streamlined to reduce critical resource utilization. Objective: The aim of this study is to reduce the usage of EMS for transport of chest pain patients from the urgent care to the main hospital by 25% over a 3- month period. Methods: This study was conducted as an uncontrolled before-after interrupted time series design. Comprehensive data drilldown was performed through chart review and structured clinical practise evaluation. This led to the creation of an evidence-based safe-for-self-transport tool to be applied in this patient population. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients transported via EMS with main balancing measures being proportion of self-transported patients admitted to hospital and time to troponin blood draw in self-transported patients. Results: The education and the newly developed transport tool resulted in a sustained shift below the previous baseline system mean control limit, indicating a significant reduction in EMS usage for patient transport. The overall reduction in usage was 30%. No change in balancing (safety) measures was identified post implementation. Conclusions: EMS remains a finite resource within many Canadian health regions. The results of this study show that by focusing on a cardinal emergency department presentation like chest pain, adapting evidence-based practise through quality improvement methodologies can result in a significant sustained reduction of EMS utilization.

Abstract: COVID-19, caused by the new type of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has put an unprecedented impact on health, economy and social areas around the globe. It created an urgent global need for rapid diagnostics, effective therapeutics, and scalable vaccine manufacturing. The biomanufacturing industry played a central role in meeting this challenge by accelerating the development, production, and distribution of SARS‑CoV‑2 diagnostic assays and vaccines. This review provides an integrated overview of SARS‑CoV‑2 biology, clinical manifestations, transmission mechanisms, and major viral variants, followed by a detailed examination of diagnostic technologies. We further highlight the transformative impact of mRNA vaccine technologies, emphasizing advances in lipid nanoparticle formulation, large‑scale manufacturing, and regulatory‑aligned production strategies. The review also discusses the biomanufacturing sector’s rapid mobilization to overcome supply‑chain constraints, workforce shortages, and unprecedented global demand. Collectively, this work underscores how scientific innovation, industrial agility, and cross‑sector collaboration enabled the rapid deployment of diagnostics and vaccines that were essential to controlling the COVID‑19 pandemic.

Abstract: Background and Objectives: Anatomical stage alone inadequately reflects outcome variability in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although systemic inflammation-based biomarkers have demonstrated prognostic utility, the clinical significance of erythrocyte-derived indices, particularly the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), remains poorly defined in resected NSCLC. This study investigated the prognostic significance of preoperative MCV and determined whether its integration with the Noble and Underwood (NUn) score improves survival prediction. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with stage I–IIIA NSCLC who underwent complete surgical resection. The association between preoperative MCV and overall survival (OS) was assessed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. To elucidate the determinants of MCV, machine-learning-based interpretability analyses, including least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and SHapley Additive exPlanations, were applied. A composite NUn–MCV index was subsequently constructed and incorporated into prognostic models. Model performance was evaluated using multiple complementary metrics, including the concordance index and integrated area under the curve. Results: Preoperative MCV was independently associated with OS after adjusting for established clinicopathological covariates. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated that MCV variability was predominantly driven by intrinsic erythrocyte indices rather than by systemic inflammatory or clinical parameters. The composite NUn–MCV index provided greater prognostic value than that of the NUn score or MCV alone. Across all comparative analyses, the fully adjusted model incorporating the NUn–MCV index yielded the greatest improvement in survival discrimination, exceeding that achieved by a clinically adjusted model without NUn–MCV, alternative biomarker-based models, and pathological staging alone. Conclusions: Preoperative MCV is an independent prognostic determinant in patients with stage I–IIIA NSCLC. Integrating MCV with the NUn score to form the NUn–MCV index enhances prognostic discrimination using routinely available laboratory parameters. This composite biomarker may enable more refined risk stratification and support individualized postoperative management in resected NSCLC.

Abstract: The study was conducted to assess primary school teachers’ satisfaction with advocacy services in primary school social work and to identify influencing factors. Data were collected from 398 primary school teachers through a questionnaire, assessing aspects of advocacy services including reliability, responsiveness, competence, empathy and im-plementation conditions. The results of the study showed that teachers’ overall satisfaction was quite high (M = 4.01, SD = 0.27), with all components being positively evaluated. Analysis of differences by demographic factors showed that sex, age, location and region influenced teachers’ evaluation of service quality, while seniority and education level had only limited impact. Pearson correlation analysis shows that all service factors have a positive relationship with satisfaction, in which responsiveness, trust, empathy and im-plementation conditions are statistically significant. Service factors also have strong cor-relations with each other, reflecting the consistency in teachers' perceptions. The study provides a quantitative basis for improving and enhancing the quality of advocacy services in primary school social work, and suggests policies and directions for further research.

Abstract: Accurately tracking carbon dynamics by sources, sinks, and removals in Malawi’s Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) sector is critical for understanding the country’s contribution to global greenhouse gas (GHG) balances and for guiding effective climate policy. A study was conducted to track carbon dynamics by sources, sinks, and removals in Malawi’s LULUCF sector for the period 2018-2022 to enhance carbon market development. Carbon Stock Change Approach following the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines were employed. The approach integrated forest inventory data, and Earth Observations from Sentinel-2 Multispectral Imager and ALOS-PALSAR-1. Activity datasets were categorised into land classification schema sources of, Forestland, Cropland, Grassland, Wetland, and Settlement. Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis at a 95% confidence level was applied to assess data reliability and estimate uncertainties in emissions and removals. The results revealed that total emissions from the LULUCF sector declined by 10.29%, primarily due to reduced deforestation rates and increased forest regrowth. Forestland contributed the largest proportion of emissions (79.08%), followed by cropland (9.70%) and wetlands (8.50%). In contrast, the Grassland and Settlement categories contributed the lowest, 2.60% and 0.12%, respectively. Forest conversion to other land uses decreased, while natural regeneration and afforestation initiatives enhanced carbon removals. The overall uncertainty level was low, 4.16%. This greatly enhances Malawi’s ability to participate in carbon markets, report transparently under climate conventions, and attract climate finance with reduced risk. Finally, the study also contributes to Malawi’s first biennial transparency report (BTR1) and fourth national communication (NC4) to the United Nations framework convention on climate change under the Paris agreement.

Abstract: Frequent OTA updates in large commercial fleets must be planned around limited ground windows and strict safety requirements. Our study develops a phased OTA strategy that adapts update decisions to aircraft operational states. Real-time ACARS/ADS-B data and maintenance logs were combined to train an LSTM-Attention model for predicting remaining ground time, achieving an RMSE of 4.7 minutes. An integer-programming scheme then assigned update granularity and rollback plans across short stops, overnight stays, and scheduled A/B/C checks. Experiments using six months of data from 86 narrow-body aircraft showed that critical-system updates kept the impact on on-time performance within 0.3%, increased ground-time utilization by 21.8%, and reduced cross-version maintenance reports by 44.5%. The results indicate that state-aware OTA scheduling can support safer and more efficient update cycles in operational fleets.

Abstract: Standing equine cone-beam CT (CBCT) enables diagnostic imaging in weight-bearing conditions, reducing the need for general anaesthesia, but residual postural sway during acquisition can introduce motion artefacts that degrade image quality. External optical tracking based on a ChArUco fiducial and an auxiliary RGB camera is a practical strategy for projection-wise motion compensation; however, the impact of camera--marker geometry on pose-estimation performance is not well characterised. This study evaluates how viewing angle and working distance affect ChArUco-based pose estimation in a controlled CBCT-motivated setting. Pose estimates were obtained with an Intel RealSense D435 RGB sensor and OpenCV, using dedicated mechanical fixtures to vary viewing angle in 1° increments and to adjust the camera-to-board distance in 5cm steps. Accuracy and precision were quantified using mean absolute error with respect to ground truth and the standard deviation across repeated measurements. Continuous and cyclic acquisition protocols yielded comparable errors, indicating that repeated repositioning did not introduce substantial additional variability. Viewing-angle experiments revealed a consistent accuracy--precision trade-off for rotation estimation: frontal views minimise mean absolute error but exhibit the highest variability, whereas increasingly oblique views reduce variability at the expense of larger mean error. Increasing working distance was associated with larger standard deviations, particularly affecting depth repeatability. These results provide practical guidance for selecting camera placement and nominal viewpoints when deploying ChArUco-based tracking for motion-aware standing equine CBCT/CT workflows.

Abstract: In this article, the usual factorials and binomial coefficients have been generalized and extended to negative integers. Based on this generalization and extension, a new kind of polynomials has been proposed, which has directly led to the non-classical hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials and the non-classical second-order hypergeometric linear ordinary differential equations. The resulting polynomials can be used in non-relativistic and relativistic quantum mechanics, particularly in the case of the Schrödinger equation and Dirac equations for an electron in a Coulomb potential field.

Abstract: Climate change poses increasing challenges to agricultural systems in Mediterrane-an-type regions, where climate variability, ecosystem degradation, and governance constraints interact to shape farmers’ management decisions. Understanding how in-stitutional and social factors influence adaptive responses is therefore critical. This study examines how institutional trust and local perceptions of climate change impacts shape farmers’ willingness to adopt adaptation practices in the vulnerable district of Alhué, central Chile. A structured questionnaire was administered to small farmers to assess willingness to adopt climate change adaptation practices and trust in public environ-mental agencies. Multivariate models revealed a non-linear, U-shaped relationship between trust in agencies and willingness to adopt adaptive practices: willingness was lowest at intermediate levels of trust and higher among farmers reporting either low or high trust in environmental agencies. This pattern remained robust after controlling for socioeconomic and perceptual factors. These findings suggest that both skepticism and strong institutional confidence may motivate adaptive behavior through different mechanisms, highlighting the need for governance approaches that acknowledge het-erogeneous trust dynamics. Overall, the results underscore the importance of socially legitimate and context-sensitive institutional arrangements for fostering climate change adaptation in vulnerable rural territories.

Abstract: The study investigated the effect of Green Information and Communication Technology Adoption (GICTA) on adolescents’ perceptual, attitudinal, and behavioral adaptations regarding environmental sustainability at the higher secondary level. To determine causal relationships, a true experimental randomized pretest–post-test design was adopted. The sample comprised 84 adolescent boys and girls from schools of Kolkata, representing Science, Commerce, and Arts streams by one-to-one matched process to get equivalent experimental and control groups. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data that measured perception, attitude and behavioral adaptation across the three environmental dimensions, i.e. pollution, energy efficiency and waste management. The experimental group received a structured GICTA-based intervention across 16 instructional sessions, while the control group received no intervention. Analysis of data was carried out using t-tests, ANOVA and MANOVA which demonstrated that GICTA produced significant and substantial improvements in perceptual, attitudinal, and behavioral adaptations among adolescents, with large effect sizes in the experimental group and negligible changes in the control group. The intervention was gender-neutral, which effectively removed the pre-existing gender differences in all domains. Behavioral adaptation was found to have the highest gains, then attitudinal and perceptual changes. Stream-wise analysis showed that Science students had experienced the greatest gains, Commerce students had a neutral effect and Arts students had weaker results, with no significant interactions effects. Comprehensively, the results make GICTA an effective, comprehensive, and pedagogically viable method of instilling complete environmental adaptation in adolescents.

Abstract: Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a leading global cause of disability with major personal and socioeconomic impact. Limitations of purely biomedical treatment have encouraged a shift toward holistic, biopsychosocial, and evidence-based management. This systematic review examined the effects of holistic, non-surgical interventions on pain, disability, muscle strength, walking balance, and quality of life in adults with LBP. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and HMIC was conducted. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults (≥18 years) receiving holistic interventions including structured exercise, patient education, psychologically informed therapy, manual therapy adjuncts, or multidisciplinary rehabilitation were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality using the PEDro scale. Of 5,326 identified records, 43 RCTs met eligibility criteria. Data were synthesized narratively and through meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. Results: Forty-three moderate- and high-quality RCTs involving 4,144 participants were included. Holistic interventions consistently reduced pain intensity and functional disability, with meaningful improvements across intervention types. Exercise-based therapies enhanced muscle strength, endurance, and movement function, while balance outcomes improved but varied across studies. Mind–body and psychologically informed interventions (e.g., CBT, mindfulness, yoga) showed strong positive effects on psychosocial outcomes and quality of life. Multimodal programs combining exercise, education, and psychological components produced the most comprehensive and sustained improvements, outperforming single-modality interventions. Thirty-eight RCTs (n = 1,701) contributed to the meta-analysis. Exercise-based interventions significantly reduced pain (MD = –2.45; 95% CI: –3.28 to –1.62). Technology-assisted interventions were also effective (MD = –2.24; 95% CI: –2.52 to –1.97). Manual and complementary therapies produced the largest effect (MD = –2.53; 95% CI: –4.23 to –0.82). Mind–body and psychological interventions showed no statistically significant pooled effect (MD = –0.44; 95% CI: –1.56 to 0.69). Conclusion: Holistic, evidence-based, non-surgical interventions are safe and effective for improving pain, function, and quality of life in adults with LBP. Findings reinforce current international guidelines advocating biopsychosocial, patient-centred care. Clinical practice should emphasize individualized, supervised exercise integrated with psychological strategies and education. Protocol Registration: The review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number CRD420251166635.

Abstract: In emerging economies characterized by a predominance of the banking sector, the trans-mission of monetary policy to bank credit remains a central and ongoing topic of debate. Although the interest rate channel is the primary tool of central banks, numerous studies reveal persistent inertia in short-term bank credit, casting doubt on the effectiveness of monetary transmission. This study examines the transmission of monetary policy to bank credit for non-financial businesses in Morocco, adopting a dynamic, long-term approach. The empirical analysis is based on monthly data covering 2006–2023 and uses an ARDL–ECM model that distinguishes short-term dynamics from long-term adjustment mecha-nisms and incorporates structural breaks. The results indicate that variations in the policy rate do not have a significant effect on short-term bank credit, which confirms the weaken-ing of the traditional rate channel. However, this inertia is accompanied by a strong long-term equilibrium relationship between credit, monetary policy, and risk conditions. The results highlight a gradual monetary transmission, strongly influenced by credit risk and bank balance-sheet arbitrage. The apparent inefficiency of the short-term rate channel thus reflects a transmission modulated by prudential and structural constraints, rather than a breakdown of the monetary transmission mechanism.

Abstract: Microplastics (MPs) have become a widespread environmental contaminant, raising concern due to their persistence, capacity to transport pollutants, and potential risks to ecosystems and human health. Their increasing global production, prolonged degra-dation, and ubiquity in aquatic environments underscore the need for improved strategies for monitoring and mitigation. This review examines the definition, sources, environmental transport mechanisms, associated risks, and current detection methods for MPs in natural and engineered water systems. The methods discussed encompass a broad range of analytical and sensing technologies used to identify, characterize, and quantify MPs across diverse environmental matrices. The review highlights that no single technique is sufficient for comprehensive MP analysis; instead, the combination of multiple methods enhances sensitivity, specificity, and reliability. Current findings indicate widespread MP contamination, including within the human body, emphasizing significant ecological and health concerns. Progress in automated sample preparation, standardized protocols, and advanced sensing platforms is key to improving detection efficiency and comparability across different studies. Overall, the evidence presented supports the need for strengthened monitoring, continued technological innovation, and coordinated mitigation policies. Reducing MP pollution will require interdisciplinary collaboration, regulatory action, and increased public awareness to protect environ-mental integrity and human health.

Abstract: Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype associated with a high metastatic rate and low survival worldwide. Bacterial cyclodipeptides (CDPs) exhibit anticancer properties by targeting multiple signaling pathways. Methods: The effect of CDPs on the metastasis of the TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell line was evaluated both in vitro and in advanced-stage tumors in immunosuppressed female mice. Results: CDPs more effectively reduced the migratory and invasive abilities of the MDA-MB-231 cell line than methotrexate (MTX). The anti-metastatic effect correlated with inhibition of the Akt/mTOR/S6K pathway, evidenced by decreased expression of markers such as Gab1, Vimentin, and FOXO1. Mice with MDA-MB-231 xenografts treated with CDPs, alone or in combination with MTX, showed near-complete suppression of primary tumor growth and metastatic foci in tumor and organ tissues. Key proteins involved in signaling pathways associated with tumor progression and metastasis such as p-Akt, p-Gab1, and FOXO1 were markedly reduced expression in tumor tissues following xenografted mice CDPs treated. Notably, genes involved in EMT, invasiveness, and metastasis—including PTEN, SNAIL, CXCL1, BRCA1, GADD45A, and PD-L1—were dysregulated in the livers of animals with TNBC, but CDPs treatment restored them to healthy levels more effectively than MTX. Conclusions: The anti-metastatic effects of CDPs in the MDA-MB-231 line involve inhibiting phosphorylation of components of the Akt/mTOR/S6K pathway and reducing metastasis markers and proliferation regulators, as demonstrated in cultures of the MDA-MB-231 line and in tumor and liver tissues from the TNBC xenograft mouse model. The anti-metastatic activity of CDPs was more effective than MTX alone; however, combined treatment produced a synergistic effect, increasing efficacy. These findings offer new insights into the mechanism of action of CDPs and their potential as candidates for further preclinical development.

Abstract: Here we discuss three veterinary alphaherpesviruses—pseudorabies virus, equid alphaherpesvirus 1, and bovine alphaherpesvirus 1—that were instrumental in uncovering the true extent of transcriptome complexity through long-read RNA sequencing, which earlier short-read approaches could not resolve. We focus on three major transcriptomic features whose discovery and characterization relied heavily on these viral models: (i) widespread transcriptional overlaps that complicate read assignment and may drive transcriptional interference; (ii) diverse transcript isoforms arising from alternative 5′ and 3′ transcript termini, as well as splicing; and (iii) non-coding RNAs clustered near replication origins that illuminate replication–transcription interactions on a shared nuclear template. Long-read viromics in these veterinary systems has additionally served as a stringent benchmark for transcript callers and annotation pipelines, because the extreme density of overlaps and co-terminal transcript families exposes errors that often go unnoticed in typical mammalian transcriptomes. This has made veterinary herpesvirus datasets disproportionately influential in shaping best practices for full-length isoform calling, transcript end mapping, and artifact-robust cDNA library handling. We also discuss animal gammaherpesviruses as proxies for human gammaherpesviruses, allowing experimental investigation of viral programs difficult to study in human infection. Finally, we describe pseudorabies virus applications as a retrograde transneuronal tracer.

Abstract: The impending threat of cryptographically relevant quantum computers (CRQCs) necessitates a comprehensive migration to post-quantum cryptography (PQC) across all computing domains. While commercial Cryptographic Asset Discovery and Inventory (CADI) tooling has emerged to support enterprise IT environments, embedded systems, which dominate defense platforms, tactical communications, and critical infrastructure, remain inadequately addressed. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for embedded systems-specific CADI, establishing a six-class taxonomy based on cryptographic characteristics and discovery feasibility. We show through feasibility analysis that fundamental constraints of embedded systems, including severe resource limitations, mission/operational continuity requirements (often including availability and safety imperatives), certification requirements, and hardware-bound cryptography, render IT-centric CADI approaches largely ineffective. Documentation-based discovery through vendor Cryptographic Bills of Materials (CBOMs) should typically serve as the primary methodology, with automated scanning relegated to supplemental verification. We analyze technical barriers to detection, including static linking, stripped binaries, cryptographic hardware offload, and proprietary implementations. The framework addresses lightweight cryptography considerations for constrained devices that are unable to accommodate standard PQC algorithm sizes, and examines lifecycle and certification constraints, including those related to DO-178C, IEC 62443, and Common Criteria. We establish planning-assumption discovery accuracy expectations (Table 6) ranging from 55–99% by embedded system class, and propose detection methodologies calibrated to each class. The paper concludes with integration pathways for Department of Defense Risk Management Framework processes and PQC migration planning.