Search | Preprints.org

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0075.v1

Why Italy First? Health, Geographical and Planning aspects of the Covid-19 outbreak

Beniamino Murgante

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Covid-19; Italy; Po-Valley; NOx; Pollution; Particles; Land Take; Spatial Diffusion Processes; LISA.

Online: 5 May 2020 (12:33:07 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0042.v1

RNA Identification and Detection of Nucleic Acids as Aerosols in Air Samples by Means of Photon and Electron Interactions

Luca J Tagliapietra, Piero Neuhold, John I Adlish, Riccardo Surrente

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: viral particles; radiobiology; RNA detection; microbiology; matter identification; particle physics; physical modelling; particle accelerators in environmental studies

Online: 10 May 2021 (15:35:15 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0026.v1

Physical Properties of Elementary Particles, Photon Space and Quantum Wave Functions

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Tc symmetry; CTP symmetry; Photon space; Elementary particles; Quantum wave functions; Modified Lorenz transformations; Left-handed neutrinos; Right-handed dark matters

Online: 1 March 2022 (15:01:52 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0467.v2

Unified Explanation of Big Bang, Inflation, Charged Black Hole Decay, Galaxy Formation, Proton Spin Crisis and Elementary Particle Masses

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Elementary particles; Galaxy structures; Charged black hole decay; Big bang and inflation; Super-massive black holes; Coulomb forces; Proton spin crisis; Dark matters; 4-D Euclidean space.

Online: 11 October 2021 (11:46:24 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Space-time evolution is briefly explained by using the 3-dimensional quantized space model (TQSM) based on the 4-dimensional (4-D) Euclidean space. The energy (E=cDtDV), charges (|q|= cDt) and absolute time (ct) are newly defined based on the 4-D Euclidean space. The big bang is understood by the space-time evolution of the 4-D Euclidean space but not by the sudden 4-D Minkowski space-time creation. The big bang process created the matter universe with the positive energy and the partner anti-matter universe with the negative energy from the CPT symmetry. Our universe is the matter universe with the negative charges of electric charge (EC), lepton charge (LC) and color charge (CC). This first universe is made of three dark matter -, lepton -, and quark - primary black holes with the huge negative charges which cause the Coulomb repulsive forces much bigger than the gravitational forces. The huge Coulomb forces induce the inflation of the primary black holes, that decay to the super-massive black holes. The dark matter super-massive black holes surrounded by the normal matters and dark matters make the galaxies and galaxy clusters. The spiral arms of galaxies are closely related to the decay of the 3-D charged normal matter black holes to the 1-D charged normal matter black holes. The elementary leptons and quarks are created by the decay of the normal matter charged black holes, that is caused by the Coulomb forces much stronger than the gravitational forces. The Coulomb forces are very weak with the very small Coulomb constants (k₁(EC) = k_dd(EC) ) for the dark matters and very strong with the very big Coulomb constants (k₂(EC) = k_nn(EC)) for the normal matters because of the non-communication of the photons between the dark matters and normal matters. The photons are charge dependent and mass independent. But the dark matters and normal matters have the similar and very weak gravitational forces because of the communication of the gravitons between the dark matters and normal matters. The gravitons are charge independent and mass dependent. Note that the three kinds of charges (EC, LC and CC) and one kind of mass (m) exist in our matter universe. The dark matters, leptons and quarks have the charge configurations of (EC), (EC,LC) and (EC,LC,CC), respectively. Partial masses of elementary fermions are calculated, and the proton spin crisis is explained. The charged black holes are not the singularities.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0109.v1

Plasma Polymerization SnOxCy Organic-like Films and Grafted PNIPAAm Composite Hydrogel with Nanogold Particles for Promotion Thermal Resistive Properties

Chin-Yen Chou, Ko-Shao Chen, Win-Li Lin, Ying-Cian Ye, Shu-Chuan Liao

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings And Films Keywords: nano-Au particles; NIPAAm hydrogel; plasma treatment; UV grafting

Online: 28 September 2016 (09:49:23 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0113.v1

Air Pollution Exposure in Relation to the Commute to School: A Bradford UK Case Study

Kim N. Dirks, Judith Y. T. Wang, Amirul Khan, Christopher Rushton

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: pedestrian; traffic; ultrafine particles; school; children; exposure

Online: 26 October 2016 (10:31:30 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Walking School Buses (WSBs) provide a safe alternative to being driven to school. Children benefit from the contribution the exercise provides towards their daily exercise target, it gives children practical experience with respect to road safety and helps to relieve traffic congestion around the entrance to their school. Walking routes are designed largely based in road safety considerations, catchment need and the availability of parent support. However, little attention is given to the air pollution exposure experienced by children during their journey to school, despite the commuting microenvironment being an important contributor to a child’s daily air pollution exposure. This study aims to quantify the air pollution exposure experienced by children walking to school and those being driven by car. A school was chosen in Bradford, UK. Three adult participants carried out the journey to and from school each carrying a P-Trak ultrafine particle (UFP) count monitor. One participant travelled the journey to school by car while the other two walked, each on opposite sides of the road for the majority of the journey. Data collection was carried out over a period of two weeks, for a total of five journeys to school in the morning and five on the way home at the end of the school day. Results of the study suggest that car commuters experience lower levels of air pollution dose due to lower exposures and reduced commute times. The largest reductions in exposure for pedestrians can be achieved by avoiding close proximity to traffic queuing up to intersections, and, where possible, walking on the side of the road opposite the traffic, especially during the morning commuting period. Major intersections should also be avoided as they were associated with peak exposures. Steps to ensure that the phasing of lights is optimized to minimize pedestrian waiting time would also help reduce exposures. If possible, busy roads should be avoided altogether. By the careful design of WSB routes, taking into account air pollution, children will be able to experience the benefits that walking to school brings while minimizing their air pollution exposure during their commute to and from school.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0052.v2

A New Unified Electro-Gravity Theory for the Electron

Nirod Das

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Electron, Fine-Structure Constant, Unified Electro-Gravity, Non Linear Free-Space Model, Elementary Particles

Online: 13 August 2019 (09:52:54 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0061.v1

Overcoming the Bradyon–Tachyon Barrier

Luca Nanni

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: particles with arbitrary spin; light barrier; tachyon

Online: 18 October 2016 (06:35:06 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0357.v1

Collision Space-Time. Unified Quantum Gravity. Gravity is Lorentz Symmetry Break Down at the Planck Scale

Espen Haug

Subject: Physical Sciences, Quantum Science And Technology Keywords: Quantum gravity, granular matter, Lorentz symmetry break down at the Planck scale, Heisen- berg uncertainty break down at the Planck scale, indivisible particles, gravity and Lorentz symmetry break down.

Online: 29 May 2019 (16:31:56 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0059.v3

Calculation of the Higgs Mass for Quark and Lepton Electric Charges Swap Lie-Groupoid

Elias Koorambas

Subject: Physical Sciences, Nuclear And High Energy Physics Keywords: Higgs mass; Group Theory; Hypothetical Particles

Online: 28 September 2022 (15:52:07 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0040.v1

Monthly and Diurnal Variation of the Concentrations of Aerosol Surface Area in Fukuoka, Japan, Measured by Diffusion Charging Method

Miho Kiriya, Tomoaki Okuda, Hana Yamazaki, Kazuki Hatoya, Naoki Kaneyasu, Itsushi Uno, Chiharu Nishita, Keiichiro Hara, Masahiko Hayashi, Koji Funato, Kozo Inoue, Shigekazu Yamamoto, Ayako Yoshino, Akinori Takami

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Asian monsoon; black carbon; long-range transport; land and sea breeze; sulfate; surface area; surface coating of particles

Online: 8 June 2017 (08:26:27 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0095.v1

Aerosol Depolarization Ratio Measurement Capabilities for an Elastic LIDAR: Implementation and First Measurements

Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Michaël Sicard, María-José Granados-Muñoz , Enis Ben Chahed , Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Rubén Barragan , Adolfo Comeron, Francesc Rocadenbosch, Eric Vidal

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Lidar system; depolarization channel; calibration; stability; depolarizing particles

Online: 13 October 2017 (18:07:24 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper TECHNICAL NOTE

Application of Flow-Virometry for Large-Scale Screening of COVID 19 Cases

Niraja Soni, Puja Pai, Raja Krishna Kumar G., Venkatesh Prasad, Santanu Dasgupta, Bhaskar Bhadra

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: COVID-19; Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS); SAR-CoV-2; flow cytometry; flow virometry; viral particles; herpes simplex virus; HSV; nanoparticles

Online: 12 May 2020 (07:45:53 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0575.v1

A Review of Ambient Nanoparticles (PM_0.1) in South East Asian Cities: Biomass and Fossil Burning Impacts

Worradorn Phairuang, Muanfun Inerb, Mitsuhiko Hata, Masami Furuuchi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Health Risk; Ultrafine Particles; Nanoparticles; South East Asia; Biomass burning

Online: 31 August 2021 (12:57:15 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0162.v1

Advanced Nanotechnologies for Enhancing the Bioavailability of Silymarin: A State of the Art

Alfonso Di Costanzo, Ruggero Angelico

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: silymarin; silybin; nanoemulsion; solid lipid nanoparticles; nanostructured lipid carriers; liposome; polymeric particles; self-emulsifying delivery systems; enhanced bioavailability

Online: 15 April 2019 (11:23:17 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0034.v2

Superluminal Tunneling of a Relativistic Half-Integer Spin Particle through a Potential Barrier

Luca Nanni

Subject: Physical Sciences, Quantum Science And Technology Keywords: quantum tunneling; evanescent waves; Hartman effect; relativistic particles

Online: 14 July 2017 (17:52:45 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0453.v4

The Informational Physical Model and Fundamental Problems in Physics

Sergey Shevchenko, Vladimir Tokarevsky

Subject: Physical Sciences, Quantum Science And Technology Keywords: Foundation of physics; Matter; space; time; Consciousness; Life; informational physics; fundamental physical problems; cosmology; quantum mechanics; relativity theories; Standard Mode; particles; antiparticles; fundamental Nature forces; EM force; Gravity; quantum gravity; equivalence of inertial and gravitational masses; fine structure constant; Lorentz transformations; experimental testing.

Online: 24 January 2023 (13:13:05 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

This article is some review of results that were obtained at 2007-2021 years development of “The Information as Absolute” concept and the informational physical model, which is based on the concept; including a number of fundamental physical problems are briefly considered in framework of the conception and the model. Recently in physics there are several publications, that present lists of the problems. However, those lists are essentially incomplete, for at least two reasons. Firsts of all, a number of phenomena are studied traditionally by philosophy, and so corresponding problems are usually considered to be “metaphysical”. However, they relate also to some concrete physical phenomena. For example, physics evidently studies Matter, and so the metaphysical problems “what is ontology of Matter”, “what is “Space”, “Time” and a few other physical phenomena and notions as well, are really a Meta-physical problems “what does physics study?” There are other fundamental physical problems, which are not considered as such in physics, and are absent in the “fundamental problems lists”. Those include the problems, which really exist, yet are incorporated into standard physical theories, and so are fundamental “implicitly”, which in physics are “solved by default” ‒ and mostly erroneously. Note, though, that a number of “Meta-physical”, and concrete fundamental, problems more in detail are considered in the paper “The Informational Conception and Basic Physics”, https://arxiv.org/abs/0707.4657, v5 (2021), so this paper is, in certain sense, an expanded conclusion of this paper, which includes, correspondingly, more in detail consideration of some more general physical problems; and, besides, in this article, the problem “what are Gravity and Electric Forces” is essentially clarified comparing with the arXiv 2021 paper version above. Besides, the concrete problem “What is Life”, and the rational cosmological model, where a few vague points in standard cosmology rather probably are rationally clarified, while the fundamental problem “matter – antimatter asymmetry” in Matter is solved practically for sure, are considered, and one of recently published rather complete “lists of fundamental problems” is commented in Appendix.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0166.v1

Laws of Gravity and Electrostatics Reduce Elementary Particles to Only Two: Positron and Negatron

Misheck Kirimi

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Electron; electrostatics; elementary particles; fields; gravity; unification

Online: 5 February 2021 (14:10:06 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0641.v1

Optimizing Spray-Dried Porous Particles for High Dose Delivery with a Portable Dry Powder Inhaler

Yoen-Ju Son, Danforth P. Miller, Jeffry G. Weers

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: packing density; product density; small porous particles; corrugated particles

Online: 29 July 2021 (10:18:51 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0154.v1

Modeling and Analysis of Opto-Fluidic Sensor for Lab-On- a-Chip Application

Venkatesha M., Chaya B. M., Pattnaik P. K., Narayan K.

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: micro fluidic channel; micro particles; fluid flow rate; lab-on-a-chip; waveguide

Online: 23 November 2017 (11:13:24 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0077.v1

Surface-Modified Nanocarriers for Nose-To-Brain Delivery: From Bioadhesion to Targeting

Fabio Sonvico, Adryana Rocha Clementino, Francesca Buttini, Gaia Colombo, Silvia Pescina, Silvia Stanisçuaski Guterres, Adriana Raffin Pohlmann, Sara Nicoli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: nose to brain delivery; nanoparticles; pharmaceutical nanotechnology; mucoadhesion; mucus penetrating particles; targeting; CNS disorders; neurodegenerative diseases; Alzheimer’s disease; Parkinson’s disease

Online: 9 February 2018 (10:37:33 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0286.v1

Synthesis of Solution-Stable PEDOT-Coated Sulfonated Polystyrene Copolymer PEDOT:P(SS-co-St) Particles for All-Organic NIR-Shielding Films

Soeun Im, Chanil Park, Wonseok Cho, Jooyoung Kim, Minseok Jeong, Jung Hyun Kim

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings And Films Keywords: conducting polymer; poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene); PEDOT; core-shell particles; polystyrene; NIR shielding film

Online: 29 January 2019 (04:51:28 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0240.v1

Characterisation of Particle size and Viability of SARS-CoV-2 Aerosols from a Range of Nebuliser Types Using a Novel Sampling Technique

Susan Paton, Simon Clark, Antony Spencer, Isobel Garratt, Ikshitaa Dinesh, Katy-Anne Thompson, Allan Bennett, Thomas Pottage

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; aerosols; particles; viable; respirable; sizing; sampling

Online: 21 February 2022 (01:48:14 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0257.v3

The Gravitational Mass of the Rarefied Cloud of the Relativistic Material Particles

Wladimir Belayev

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Relativistic material particles; active gravitational mass; Lorentz transformations; isotropic Schwarzschild metric; geodesics equations

Online: 25 January 2023 (11:44:00 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0039.v4

Predictor Packing in Developing Unprecedented Shaped Colloidal Particles

Mubarak Ali, I –Nan Lin, C.–J. Yeh

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: fundamental forces; transition state gold atoms; packing and assembling; process parameters; one-dimensional particles; multi-dimensional particles

Online: 30 July 2018 (08:54:54 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Developing particles of different anisotropic shapes are the hot topic since decades as they guarantee some special features of properties not possible through other means. Again, controlling atoms to develop certain size and shape particle is a quite challenging job. In this study, gold particles of different shapes are developed via pulse-based electronphoton-solution interface process. Gold atoms of certain transition state develop monolayer assembly at solution surface around the light glow (known in argon plasma) being generated at bottom of copper capillary (known in cathode). The rate of uplifting gold atoms to solution surface is being controlled by forcing energy (travelling photons) pursuing electrons and high energy photons (in high density) entering to solution. Gold atoms dissociated from the precursor under dissipating heat energy into the solution supplied under propagating photons characteristic current through immersed graphite rod (known in anode). Placing packets of nano shape energy of tuned pulse protocol over compact monolayer assembly comprising transition state atoms develop tiny-sized particles of formed shape. On separation of joint tiny particles into two equilateral triangular-shaped tiny particles, exerting forces of surface format elongate atoms of one-dimensional arrays converting them into structures of smooth elements. Due to immersing level of force, such tiny-shaped particles pack from different zones at centre of light glow where they assembled structures of smooth elements for developing mono-layers of different shapes of particles. Developing one-dimensional particles deal assembling of structures of smooth elements of packing tiny-shaped particles from nearly rearward zones of reflection of north-south poles, whereas, developing multi-dimensional particles deal assembling of structures of smooth elements of packing tiny-shaped particles from the east-west poles and near regions. Depending on the number of assembled structures of smooth elements at point of nucleation, packing of tiny-shaped particles from different zones develop different shapes of the anisotropic particles. At fixed precursor concentration, increasing the process time results into develop particles of low aspect ratio. Under tuned parameters, developing mechanisms of particles exhibiting unprecedented features are discussed.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0274.v1

Effect of Recycled Ceramic Waste Content on the Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin

Mohamed Farsane, Abdellah Anouar, Souad Chah, Miloudi Bouzziri

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Organic Chemistry Keywords: ceramic waste particles; unsaturated polyester resin; X-ray diffraction; water absorption; thermal degradation; curing process

Online: 20 December 2019 (11:08:27 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0209.v1

Ebolavirus Entry: From Molecular Characterization to Drug Discovery

Cristiano Salata, Arianna Calistri, Gualtiero Alvisi, Michele Celestino, Cristina Parolin, Giorgio Palu'

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Ebolavirus; Filoviridae; VSV; retroviral vectors; virus like particles; pseudovirus; antivirals; small molecules; viral entry.

Online: 21 February 2019 (13:13:34 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0126.v1

Macrophage Biocompatibility of CoCr Wear Particles Produced under Polarization in Physiological Hyaluronic Acid Solution

Blanca Teresa Perez-Maceda, María Encarnación López-Fernández, Iván Díaz, Aaron kavanaugh, Fabrizio Billi, María Lorenza Escudero, María Cristina García-Alonso, Rosa María Lozano

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: polarization; CoCr alloy; wear particles; hyaluronic acid; macrophages biocompatibility

Online: 16 March 2018 (04:58:28 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0332.v1

Methods for the Quantification of Particle-Bound Protein – Application to Reagents for Lateral-Flow Immunoassays (LFIA)

Teodor Tchipilov, Anna Raysyan, Michael G. Weller

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: protein determination; soft protein corona; hard protein corona; covalent immobilization; supernatant method; gold nanoparticles; latex polymer particles; gold sodium chloride method; amino acid analysis; aromatic amino acid analysis; AAAA; acid hydrolysis

Online: 24 March 2022 (14:32:48 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0100.v1

On the Cosmological Origin of the Rest Mass of Elementary Particles: The Ideas of Maximons and Minimons Revisited

Vikraman Vipindas, Trivandrum Easwaraiyer Girish, Chellappan Radhakrishnan Nair

Subject: Physical Sciences, Nuclear And High Energy Physics Keywords: elementary particles; cosmological origin; maximon; Hawking radiation; neutrino mass; primordial black holes

Online: 12 June 2019 (03:45:41 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0307.v5

Dynamics of Stochastic-constrained Particles

Tao Guo

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: randomly moving particles; effects of location aggregation; relaxed galaxy clusters; generalized diffusion equation

Online: 10 November 2022 (03:53:56 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0239.v1

Chemical and Biochemical Onslaught of Anthropogenic Airborne Species on the Heritage Monument, the Taj Mahal

Deepankar Banerjee, Sabyasachi Sarkar

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Art Keywords: marble black crust; carbon nano particles; soluble dust; blue-green algae (cyanophyceae); humic substances

Online: 24 June 2019 (09:22:15 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0294.v1

Encapsidation of Different Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles by the CCMV Capsid Protein

Ana Luisa Duran-Meza, Martha Itzel Escamilla-Ruiz, Xochitl Fabiola Segovia-Gonzalez, Maria Veronica Villagrana-Escareño, J. Roger Vega-Acosta, Jaime Ruiz-Garcia

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: Plasmonic Nanoparticles; Gold Nanoparticles; Gold Nanorods; Gold Nanoshells; CCMV; Virus-Like Particles

Online: 17 September 2018 (09:54:48 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0178.v1

Colloidal Shear Thickening Fluids Using Variable Shaped Functional Star Particles: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Rofiques Salehin, Rongguang Xu, Stefanos Papanikolaou

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings And Films Keywords: molecular dynamics; functional particles; jamming; shear thickening; viscosity; diffusivity

Online: 9 September 2021 (11:45:32 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0203.v1

An Accurate Estimate of the Free Energy and Phase Diagram of All-DNA Bulk Fluids

Emanuele Locatelli, Lorenzo Rovigatti

Subject: Physical Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: DNA; DNA nanotechnology; patchy particles; Wertheim theory; thermodynamic integration; phase coexistence

Online: 25 March 2018 (16:14:27 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0275.v1

Nanoparticle Behaviour in An Urban Street Canyon at Different Heights and Implications on Indoor Respiratory Doses

Maurizio Manigrasso, Carmela Protano, Matteo Vitali, Pasquale Avino

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: ultrafine particles; aerosol; urban street canyon; outdoor pollution; indoor air quality; respiratory doses; mppd

Online: 24 September 2019 (12:25:44 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0269.v1

Characteristics of Spherical Organic Particles Emitted from Fixed-Bed Residential Coal Combustion

Tafadzwa Makonese, Johan Meyer, Sune Von Solms

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: aerosols; carbonaceous spherical particles; coal braziers; morphology; stoves

Online: 22 May 2019 (08:46:34 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0200.v1

Ancient Origin Properties of Natural Exosomes Contribute to Their Therapeutic Superiority Compared to Artificial Nanoparticles

Philip Askenase

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: exosomes; micro vesicles; extracellular vesicles; mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC); miRNA; cell therapy; artificial nano particles

Online: 16 June 2020 (07:57:00 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0077.v1

Effect of Gamma-Ray Irradiation on the Growth of Au Nano-Particles Embedded in the Germano-Silicate Glass Cladding of the Silica Glass Fiber and its Surface Plasmon Resonance Response

Seongmin Ju, Won-Taek Han

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: γ-ray irradiation; surface plasmon resonance; fiber sensor; nano-particles; cladding embedded optical fiber

Online: 6 March 2019 (11:37:09 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0157.v1

A Robust Fabrication Method for Amphiphilic Janus Particles via Immobilization on Polycarbonate Microspheres

Karthik Ananth Mani, Noga Yaakov, Yafit Itzhaik Alkotzer, Evgeni Zelikman, Guy Mechrez

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Other Keywords: Janus particles; Amphiphilicity; Polycarbonate; Polymethylsilsesquioxane; Solvent displacement

Online: 9 July 2018 (16:23:43 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Immobilizing particles on beads, fibers or filaments, when only one side is exposed to the reaction medium and therefore can be selectively functionalized, is a scalable and easy to control strategy for the fabrication of amphiphilic Janus particles. Here we describe a new, robust method for the fabrication of amphiphilic Janus particles based on immobilization of polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) particles on polycarbonate (PC), a high impact-resistance polymer with superior mechanical properties. The immobilization of the particles on the PC microspores is preformed via inverse solvent displacement method. PMSQ particles are added to a PC solution in tetrahydrofuran (THF), a good solvent for PC. The solution is then precipitated by the introduction of aqueous surfactant solution (anti solvent for PC) under an ultrasonic field. It is important to note that THF and water are miscible and do not form emulsion. During precipitation, PMSQ particles are assembled onto the surface of the PC spherical precipitates/microspheres. The exposed hemispheres of the PMSQ particles are then selectively silanized by (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) to introduce amine groups on their surface. To increase the polarity of the functionalized hemispheres, the amine groups are further modified to introduce carboxyl groups. SEM characterization confirms the fine embedment of PMSQ particles onto the PC microspheres. Covalent attachment of silica nanoparticles (NPs) to the functionalized hemispheres of the resulting particles along with fluorescent confocal microscopy conclusively proof the successful fabrication of amphiphilic Janus particles. The immobilization of particles onto highly rigid polymeric microspheres such as PC may pave the way to the development of a robust fabrication procedure with high resistance to temperature fluctuations and harsh mixing conditions that can arise during preparation. This method can be implemented toward a large variety of other synthetic commercial polymers such as polyamide, polyether sulfones, Polyether ether ketone or similar.

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0140.v1

Decline of Insects: Is Dust Emission Conflicting with Insects’ Tracheal System?

Ulrich Thurm

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Insect decline; Tracheal system; Tracheole; Fine dust; Ultrafine particles

Online: 5 September 2020 (11:59:33 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0347.v1

Ambient Nanoparticles (PM0.1) Mapping in Thailand

Worradorn Phairuang, Suthida Piriyakarnsakul, Muanfun Inerb, Surapa Hongtieab, Thunyapat Thongyen, Jiraporn Chomanee, Yaowatat Boongla, Phuchiwan Suriyawong, Hisam Samae, Phuvasa Chanonmuang, Panwadee Suwattiga, Thaneeya Chetiyanukornkul, Sirima Panyametheekul, Muhammad Amin, Mitsuhiko Hata, Masami Furuuchi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Biomass burning; Motor vehicles; Nanoaerosols; Nanoparticles; Ultrafine particles; PM0.1; Health risks; Local sources; Transboundary; Thailand

Online: 20 December 2022 (03:20:00 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0172.v1

Tunneling of Massive Vector Particles under the Influence of Quantum Gravity

Wajiha Javed, Riasat Ali, Rimsha Babar, Ali Övgün

Subject: Physical Sciences, Quantum Science And Technology Keywords: massive boson particles; wave equation; quantum gravity; Hawking radiation; black hole thermodynamics

Online: 14 July 2019 (17:12:54 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0424.v1

Efficacy Analysis of In Situ Synthesis of Nanogold via Copper/Iodonium/Amine/Gold System Under a Visible Light

Jui-Teng Lin, Jacques Lalevee, Haja Tar, Da-Chun Cheng

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: polymerization kinetics; photoinitiator; free radical polymerization; copper complex; photoredox catalyst; nanogold particles

Online: 16 June 2021 (08:37:27 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0035.v1

Atmospheric Ultrafine Particulate Matter (PM_0.1) Bound Carbon Composition in Bangkok, Thailand

Worradorn Phairuang, Surapa Hongtieab, Panwadee Suwattiga, Masami Furuuchi, Mitsuhiko Hata

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: PM0.1; ultrafine particles; carbon; biomass burning; vehicle exhaust

Online: 5 October 2022 (10:59:03 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0107.v1

On the Redox-Activity and Health-Effects of Atmospheric Primary and Secondary Aerosol: Phenomenology

Francesca Costabile, Stefano Decesari, Roberta Vecchi, Franco Lucarelli, Gabriele Curci, Dario Massabò, Matteo Rinaldi, Maurizio Gualtieri, Emanuela Corsini, Elena Menegola, Silvia Canepari, Lorenzo Massimi, Stefania Argentini, Maurizio Busetto, Gianluca Di Iulio, Luca Di Liberto, Marco Paglione, Igor Petenko, Mara Russo, Angela Marinoni, Gianpietro Casasanta, Sara Valentini, Vera Bernardoni, Federica Crova, Gianluigi Valli, Alice Corina Forello, Fabio Giardi, Silvia Nava, Giulia Pazzi, Paolo Prati, Virginia Vernocchi, Teresa La Torretta, Ettore Petralia, Milena Stracquadanio, Gabriele Zanini, Gloria Melzi, Emma Nozza, Martina Iulini, Donatella Caruso, Lucia Cioffi, Gabriele Imperato, Flavio Giavarini, Maria Battistoni, Francesca Di Renzo, Maria Agostina Frezzini, Cinzia Perrino, Maria Cristina Facchini

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: atmospheric aerosol; chemical composition; secondary aerosol; source apportionment; ultrafine particles; oxidative potential; exposure; toxicology; forecasting; micrometeorology

Online: 12 April 2022 (09:54:57 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

A Microscopically Motivated Model for Particle Penetration into Swollen Biological Networks

Roni Sverdlov Arzi, Alejandro Sosnik, Noy Cohen

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Polymers And Plastics Keywords: Penetration mechanisms; gels, particles; mucus, biofilms; multi-scale modeling

Online: 7 August 2020 (04:03:13 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0123.v3

Quantum Gravity Theory Founded on Device That Generates Energy from Relative Acceleration Amongst Charged Particles Electrostatically Interacting Under Curvature Deviation

Samuel Moss

Subject: Physical Sciences, Quantum Science And Technology Keywords: gravity; theory; propulsion; sun; fusion; dark matter; deviation; electrons; charged particles; ions; curvature

Online: 4 January 2022 (20:25:27 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0426.v1

Magnetic Field Alignment, a Perspective in the Engineering of Collagen-Silica Composite Biomaterials

Nicolas Debons, Kenta Matsumoto, Noriyuki Hirota, Thibaud Coradin, Toshiyuki Ikoma, Carole Aimé

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: bionanocomposites; collagen; high magnetic field; silica particles

Online: 15 April 2021 (18:12:26 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0167.v1

Continuous High-Flow System to Trap and Separate Magnetic Particles from Liquid Mixtures

Georgios Banis, Maria Elisavet Kouli, Evangelos Hristoforou, Angelo Ferraro

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Bio-separation, magnetic separation, magnetic particles, continuous-flow

Online: 10 July 2018 (10:53:45 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0348.v1

The Acquisition and Use of Adverbs in French as l2

Georges Daniel Véronique

Subject: Social Sciences, Anthropology Keywords: time adverbs; degree quantifiers; scope particles; manner adverbs

Online: 14 December 2020 (14:52:24 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0194.v3

Tunneling of Massive Vector Particles from Types of BTZ-like Black Holes

Wajiha Javed, Riasat Ali, Rimsha Babar, Ali Övgün

Subject: Physical Sciences, Thermodynamics Keywords: Proca equation; Bosons particles; Hawking radiation; Black hole thermodynamics; Higher- dimensional black holes

Online: 2 July 2019 (11:07:04 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0438.v1

Multiscale Thermodynamics: Energy, Entropy, and Symmetry from Atoms to Bulk Behavior

Ralph Chamberlin, Michael Clark, Vladimiro Mujica, George Wolf

Subject: Physical Sciences, Condensed Matter Physics Keywords: nanothermodynamics; fluctuations; maximum entropy; finite thermal baths; corrections to Boltzmann’s factor; ideal gas; Ising model; Gibbs’ paradox; statistics of indistinguishable particles

Online: 16 April 2021 (11:07:32 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Here we investigate how the local properties of particles in a thermal bath may influence the thermodynamics of the bath, and consequently alter the statistical mechanics of subsystems that comprise the bath. We are guided by the theory of small-system thermodynamics, which is based on two primary postulates: that small systems can be treated self-consistently by coupling them to an ensemble of similarly small systems, and that a large ensemble of small systems forms its own thermodynamic bath. We adapt this “nanothermodynamics” to investigate how a large system may subdivide into an ensemble of smaller subsystems, causing internal heterogeneity across multiple size scales. For the semi-classical ideal gas, maximum entropy favors subdividing a large system of “atoms” into an ensemble of “regions” of variable size. The mechanism of region formation could come from quantum exchange symmetry that makes atoms in each region indistinguishable, while decoherence between regions allows atoms in separate regions to be distinguishable by their distinct locations. Combining regions reduces the total entropy, as expected when distinguishable particles become indistinguishable, and as required by a theorem in quantum mechanics for sub-additive entropy. Combining large volumes of small regions gives the usual entropy of mixing for a semi-classical ideal gas, resolving Gibbs paradox without invoking quantum symmetry for atoms that may be meters apart. Other models presented here are based on Ising-like spins, which are solved analytically in one dimension. Focusing on the bonds between the Ising-like spins we find similarity in the equilibrium properties of a two-state model in the nanocanonical ensemble and a three-state model in the canonical ensemble. Thus, emergent phenomena may alter the thermal behavior of microscopic models, and the correct ensemble is necessary for fully-accurate predictions. Another result using Ising-like spins involves simulations that include a nonlinear correction to Boltzmann’s factor, which mimics the statistics of indistinguishable states by imitating the dynamics of spin exchange on intermediate lengths. These simulations exhibit 1/f-like noise at low frequencies (f), and white noise at higher f, similar to equilibrium thermal fluctuations found in many materials.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0457.v1

Ionized Gas Thermoelectric Generator: Theoretical Evaluation and Efficiency Estimation

Mohammad Bqoor, Mohammad Hamdan, Isam Janajreh

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: Thermoelectric Generator; Ratchet Potential; Brownian Ratchet; Electrostatic; Particles Distribution; Energy Harvesting.

Online: 24 November 2021 (13:07:10 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0163.v1

Physicochemical Properties of Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia In-Flight Particles During Supersonic Atmospheric Plasma Spray

Guozheng Ma, Shuying Chen, Jiajie Kang, Haidou Wang, Ming Liu, Qin Zhao, Guolu Li, Pengfei He

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings And Films Keywords: plasma spray; in-flight particles; molten status; YSZ

Online: 13 May 2019 (14:18:40 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0086.v1

Evaluation of the Applicability of the ERA5 Reanalysis for Interpretation of the Polarization Laser Sensing Data of the High-Level Clouds in Western Siberia

Ilya Bryukhanov, Maxim Penzin, Olesia Kuchinskaia, Evgeny Ni, Konstantin Pustovalov, Valentina Bryukhanova, Nikolay Kirillov, Ivan Zhivotenyuk, Anton Doroshkevich, Alexander Stykon, Iurii Bordulev, Vadim Kostyukhin, Ignatiy Samokhvalov

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: atmosphere; high-level clouds; ice particles; polarization lidar; interpretation of lidar data; radiosonde observations; ERA5 reanalysis.

Online: 7 May 2022 (03:12:44 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0280.v1

Interpretation of Sedimentary Processes Using Heavy Mineral Unconstrained Data

João Cascalho

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: sand particles; geological sources; grain sorting

Online: 15 October 2018 (05:34:41 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0412.v1

Synthesis of Hydronium-Potassium Jarosite; Effect of pH and Aging Time on their Structural, Morphological and Electrical Properties

Elías Hernández-Lazcano, E. Cerecedo-Sáenz, J. Hernández-Ávila, Norman Toro, T.V.K. Karthik, D. Mendoza-Anaya, M. E. Fernández-García, V. Rodríguez-Lugo, E. Salinas-Rodríguez

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: Hydronium jarosite; potassium jarosite; micro particles; pH; aging time; energy storage; euhedral morphology

Online: 16 December 2020 (13:41:15 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0364.v1

Localized Surface Plasmons of Gold Nanoparticles

Riyadh Mansoor

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: Bio-sensing, Extinction cross-section, Nano-particles, Plasmons, Raman scattering.

Online: 15 November 2018 (14:54:58 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0503.v1

Time Crystals, Their Networks, and Self-Organized Vacuum

Vladimir A. Manasson

Subject: Physical Sciences, Other Keywords: dynamical systems; self-organization; temporal periodicity; attractor topology; phase transitions; synchronization patterns; physical vacuum; elementary particles; unification of forces

Online: 29 March 2023 (07:08:35 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0060.v3

RNAi Crop Protection Advances

Alejandro Hernández-Soto, Randall Chacón-Cerdas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: RNAi; dsRNA; silencing; encapsulation; liposomes; virus-like particles; polyplex nanoparticles; bio-clay; regulatory

Online: 13 October 2021 (15:39:34 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper REVIEW

Equivalence of Tensor Product and Partner Hamiltonian Formalism in Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics

Rathindra Nath Das, Archana Maji

Subject: Physical Sciences, Quantum Science And Technology Keywords: supersymmetry; elementary particles; equivalence of formalisms; quantum mechanics

Online: 31 July 2020 (05:50:57 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0105.v1

Calibration of PurpleAir PA-I and PA-II monitors using daily mean PM2.5 concentrations measured in California, Washington, and Oregon from 2017 to 2021

Lance Arthur Wallace, Tongke Zhao, Neil Klepeis

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: low-cost particle monitors; calibration factor; PurpleAir; particles; PM2.5; ALT-CF3; algorithm; PMS1003; PMS5003

Online: 9 May 2022 (06:05:19 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0019.v1

Identical Quantum Particles, Entanglement and Individuality

Dennis Dieks

Subject: Physical Sciences, Quantum Science And Technology Keywords: identical quantum particles; indistinguishability; the concept of a particle; emergence; entanglement

Online: 3 December 2019 (05:59:55 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0409.v5

Revisiting Constraints of Fourth-Generation Quarks and Leptons

Aayush Verma

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Beyond the Standard Model; Fourth Generation Particles; Lepton Sector; Quarks Sector

Online: 21 September 2020 (03:31:52 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0001.v1

The Upgraded Planck System of Units

Dimitris M. Christodoulou, Demosthenes Kazanas

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Atomic processes, Cosmological parameters, Cosmology: theory, Elementary particles, Gravitation.

Online: 1 October 2022 (05:35:29 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0331.v1

Changes in Snow Surface Albedo and Radiative Forcing in the Chilean Central Andes Measured by In-Situ and Remote Sensing Data

Luis Figueroa-Villanueva, Lina Castro, Tomás R. Bolaño-Ortiz, Raúl P. Flores, Diego Pacheco, Francisco Cereceda-Balic

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: Snow surface albedo, Radiative Forcing, Light-absorbing particles in snow, remote sensing, Black Carbon, Chilean Central Andes Mountains.

Online: 5 July 2023 (12:39:08 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0527.v1

Study on Two-Phase Fluid-Solid Coupling Characteristics in Local-Saturated Zone of Subgrade Considering the Effect of Fine Particles Migration

Yu Ding, Jia-sheng Zhang, Yu Jia, Xiao-bin Chen, Xuan Wang, Fei Meng

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: local-saturated zone of subgrade; fine particles migration; two-phase seepage characteristics; deformation characteristics; volume fraction of fine particles

Online: 23 September 2020 (03:34:20 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

The fluid seepage in local-saturated zone of subgrade promotes the migration of fine particles in the filler, resulting in the change of pore structure and morphology of the filler and the deformation of solid skeleton, which affects the fluid seepage characteristics. Repeatedly, the muddy interlayer, mud pumping and other diseases are finally formed. Based on the theory of two-phase seepage, the theory of porous media seepage, and the principle of effective stress in porous media, a two-phase fluid-solid coupling mathematical model in local-saturated zone of subgrade considering the effect of fine particles migration is established. The mathematical model is numerically calculated with the software COMSOL Multiphysics○R, the two-phase seepage characteristics and the deformation characteristics of the solid skeleton in local-saturated zone of the subgrade are studied. The research results show that due to the continuous erosion and migration of fine particles in local-saturated zone of the subgrade, the volume fraction of fine particles first increases then decreases and finally becomes stable with the increase of time. And the volume fraction of fine particles for the upper part of the subgrade is larger than that for the lower part of the subgrade. The porosity, the velocity of fluid, the velocity of fine particles, and the permeability show a trend of increasing first and then stabilizing with time; the pore water pressure has no significant changes with time. The vertical displacement increase first and then decrease slightly with the increase of time, and finally tend to be stable. For a filler with a larger initial volume fraction of fine particles, the maximum value of the volume fraction of fine particles caused by fluid seepage is larger, and the time required to reach the maximum value is shorter. It can be concluded that in actual engineering, the volume fraction of fine particles in the subgrade filler should be minimized on the premise that the filler gradation meets the requirements of the specification.

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0092.v5

Consciousness and Life after Death in the Evolution of Intelligence

Kande Lekamalaya Senarath Dayathilake

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Behavioral Sciences Keywords: Cognitive psychology; determinism; materialism; new physics; theoretical hypothesis; thought ex-periment; ultraquantum particles

Online: 3 July 2023 (09:44:52 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0553.v1

Efficient Purification of Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus by a Novel Peptide Aptamer

Georg Tscheuschner, Marco Ponader, Christopher Raab, Prisca S. Weider, Reni Hartfiel, Jan Ole Kaufmann, Jule L. Völzke, Gaby Bosc-Bierne, Carsten Prinz, Timm Schwaar, Paul Andrle, Henriette Bäßler, Khoa Nguyen, Yanchen Zhu, Antonia S. J. S. Mey, Amr Mostafa, Ilko Bald, Michael G. Weller

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus; purification; affinity extraction; affinity chromatography, CCMV-binding peptide; virus-like particles; VLP, plant virus, nanotechnology, nanoparticles; virus production; safety issues; ultracentrifugation-free protocol; molecular dynamics

Online: 30 January 2023 (10:09:14 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0304.v1

Structural and Thermodynamic Peculiarities of Core-Shell Particles at Fluid Interfaces from Triangular Lattice Models

Vera Grishina, Vyacheslav Vikhrenko, Alina Ciach

Subject: Physical Sciences, Acoustics Keywords: core-shell particles; liquid interfaces; triangular lattice; thermodynamics; ground states; structure; line tension; phase coexistence; competing interaction; fluctuations.

Online: 14 October 2020 (11:02:23 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0338.v1

On the Cosmic Evolution of the Quantum Vacuum Using Two Variable G Models and Winterberg's Thesis

Christopher Pilot

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Horticulture Keywords: Winterberg model; Planck particles; positive and negative mass Planck particles; planckions; quantum vacuum; space as a superfluid/ supersolid; extended models for space; cosmological constant; Higgs field as a composite particle; Higgs boson; inherent length scale for the vacuum; dark energy; cosmological scaling behavior for the quantum vacuum; variable G models; extended gravity; Newton’s constant as an order parameter; high energy behavior for the vacuum

Online: 20 March 2023 (03:40:46 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

We work within a Winterberg framework where space, i.e., the vacuum, consists of a two component superfluid/super-solid made up of a vast assembly (sea) of positive and negative mass Planck particles, called planckions. These material particles interact indirectly, and have very strong restoring forces keeping them a finite distance apart from each other within their respective species. Because of their mass compensating effect, the vacuum appears massless, charge-less, without pressure, net energy density or entropy. In addition, we consider two variable models, where, , is Newton’s constant, and, , increases with an increase in cosmological time. We argue that there are at least two competing models for the quantum vacuum within such a framework. The first follows a strict extension of Winterberg’s model. This leads to nonsensible results, if increases, going back in cosmological time, as the length scale inherent in such a model will not scale properly. The second model introduces a different length scale, which does scale properly, but keeps the mass of the Planck particle as, the Planck mass. Moreover we establish a connection between ordinary matter, dark matter, and dark energy, where all three mass densities within the Friedman equation must be interpreted as residual vacuum energies, which only surface, once aggregate matter has formed, at relatively low temperatures. The symmetry of the vacuum will be shown to be broken, because of the different scaling laws, beginning with the formation of elementary particles. Much like waves on an ocean where positive and negative planckion mass densities effectively cancel each other out and form a zero vacuum energy density/ zero vacuum pressure surface, these positive mass densities are very small perturbations (anomalies) about the mean. This greatly alleviates, i.e., minimizes the cosmological constant problem, a long standing problem associated with the vacuum.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0155.v1

A New Interpretation of the Higgs Vacuum Potential Energy Based on a Planckion Composite Model for the Higgs

Christopher Pilot

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Winterberg model; Planck particles; positive and negative mass Planck particles; planckions; quantum vacuum; space as a superfluid/ supersolid; extended models for space; cosmological constant; Higgs field as a composite particle; Higgs boson; inherent length scale for the vacuum; dark energy

Online: 8 March 2023 (10:17:32 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0529.v1

Packaging and Uncoating of CRISPR/Cas Ribonucleoproteins for Efficient Gene Editing with Viral and Non-viral Extracellular Nanoparticles

Dmitriy Mazurov, Lama Ramadan, Natalia Kruglova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: CRISPR; Cas9 ribonucleoprotein; virus-like particles; exosomes; HIV assembly and disassembly; delivery

Online: 28 December 2022 (06:11:59 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0392.v1

Micro-Particles of High Entropy Alloys Made by Laser Induced Forward Transfer

Molong Han, Ashok Meghwal, Soon Hock Ng, Daniel Smith, Haoran Mu, Tomas Katkus, De Ming Zhu, Reiza Mukhlis, Jitraporn Vongsvivut, Christopher C Berndt, Andrew S. M. Ang, Saulius Juodkazis

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings And Films Keywords: Laser induced forward transfer; high entropy alloys; micro-particles

Online: 26 September 2022 (10:32:29 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0454.v2

Biased Random Process of Randomly Moving Particles with Fixed Mean and Curl

Baodan Bai, Tao Guo

Subject: Physical Sciences, Mathematical Physics Keywords: Randomly Moving Particles; Biased Motion; Special Relativistic-like Effects; Curl

Online: 17 October 2023 (09:36:38 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1170.v1

Janus Particles in Acoustofluidic setup: The Interplay between Self‐Propulsion and Acoustic Trapping

Lisa Marie Benko, Vyacheslav R. Misko, Larysa Baraban, Denys Makarov, Antonio Maisto, Wim De Malsche

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Acoustofluidics; Janus particles; Particle focusing; Acoustic streaming; separation

Online: 20 February 2024 (17:10:42 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0463.v1

Core -Shell Particles: from Fabrication Methods to Diverse Manipulation Techniques

Ajeet Singh Yadav, Du Tuan Tran, Adrian J. T. Teo, Yuchen Dai, Fariba Malekpour Galogahi, Nam-Trung Nguyen, Chin Hong Ooi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Core shell particles; digital microfluidics

Online: 26 December 2022 (02:51:41 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0872.v1

Biomimetic Systems Involving Macrophages and Their Potential for Targeted Drug Delivery

Ivan V. Savchenko, Igor D. Zlotnikov, Elena V. Kudryashova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: macrophage-mediated therapy; macrophage-biomimetics; macrophage-derived particles; selective ligands

Online: 11 August 2023 (13:08:29 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1236.v1

Investigation Detection of Antibody+Antigen Complexes by SOI-FET Biosensor

Vladimir Generalov, Anastasia Cheremiskina, Aleksandr Glukhov, Victoria Grabezhova, Margarita Kruchinina, Aleksandr Safatov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: biosensor; SOI-FET; transistor; detection; virus; particles; probability; plausibility

Online: 16 June 2023 (11:49:20 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0543.v1

Monte Carlo Methods to Simulate the Propagation of the Created Atomic/ Nuclear Particles from Underground Piezoelectric Rocks inside the Fractures before or during the Earthquakes

Abouzar Bahari, Saeed Mohammadi, Nafiseh Shayan Shakib, Mohammad Reza Benam, Zahra Sajjadi

Subject: Physical Sciences, Nuclear And High Energy Physics Keywords: Monte Carlo method; Granite Rocks; Piezoelectricity; Earthquake; Particles radiation

Online: 30 January 2023 (07:00:25 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1605.v1

Long-Term Mortality Effects Associated with Exposure to Particles and NOx in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort

Henrik Olstrup, Erin Flanagan, Jan-Olov Persson, Ralf Rittner, Hanne Krage Carlsen, Leo Stockfelt, Yiyi Xu, Lars Rylander, Susanna Gustafsson, Mårten Spanne, Daniel Åström, Gunnar Engström, Anna Oudin

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: air pollution; long-term exposure; particles; nitrogen oxides; Cox regression; proportional hazard; hazard ratio

Online: 23 August 2023 (09:12:45 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

In this study, long-term mortality effects associated with exposure to PM10, PM2.5, BC (black carbon), and NOx were analyzed in a cohort in southern Sweden during the period from 1991‒2016. Participants (those residing in Malmö, Sweden, born between 1923‒1950) were randomly recruited from 1991‒1996. At enrollment, 30,438 participants underwent a health screening, which consisted of questionnaires about lifestyle and diet, a clinical examination, and blood sampling. Mortality data were retrieved from the Swedish national cause of death register. The modeled concentrations of PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to 10 µm), PM2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to 2.5 µm), BC (black carbon), and NOx (nitrogen oxides) at the cohort participants' home addresses were used to assess air pollution exposure. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the associations between long-term exposure to PM10, PM2.5, BC, and NOx and the time until death among the participants during the period from 1991‒2016. The hazard ratios (HRs) associated with an interquartile range (IQR) increase in each air pollutant were calculated based on the exposure lag windows of the same year (lag0), 1‒5 years (lag1‒5), and 6‒10 years (lag6‒10). Three models were used with varying adjustments for possible confounders including both single-pollutant estimates and two-pollutant estimates. With adjustments for all covariates, the HRs for PM10, PM2.5, BC, and NOx in the single-pollutant models at lag1‒5 were 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02‒1.11), 1.01 (95% CI: 0.95‒1.08), 1.07 (95% CI: 1.04‒1.11), and 1.11 (95% CI: 1.07‒1.16) per IQR increase, respectively. The HRs were in most cases decreased by the inclusion of a larger number of covariates in the models. The most robust associations were shown for NOx, with statistically significant positive HRs in all models. An overall conclusion is that road traffic-related pollutants had a significant association with mortality in the cohort.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0301.v1

Long-Term Indoor-Outdoor PM2.5 Measurements Using PurpleAir Sensors: An Improved Method of Calculating Indoor-Generated and Outdoor-Infiltrated Contributions to Potential Indoor Exposure

Lance Wallace, Wayne Ott

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: exposure, indoor particles, infiltration factor, PM2.5, PurpleAir, Random Component Superposition (RCS), Plantower sensors, indoor-generated particles,

Online: 16 December 2022 (08:55:00 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1000.v1

Measurement and Analysis of Brake and Tyre Particle Emissions from Automotive Series Components for High-Load Driving Tests on a Wheel and Suspension Test Bed

Martin Kupper, Ludwig Schubert, Manfred Nachtnebel, Hartmuth Schröttner, Michael Peter Huber, Peter Fischer, Alexande Bergmann

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Pollution Keywords: Non-Exhaust Emissions; Brake Wear Aerosol; Particle Measurement; Ultrafine Particles; Electron Microscopy

Online: 19 February 2024 (08:06:03 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0294.v1

Analysis of the Volatile Organic Components in Tire-Road-Wear Particles from a Vehicle in Real Road Driving Conditions

Sunhee Mun, Hwansoo Chong, Jiseong Kim, Yunmin Jeong, Yunsung Lim, Sangil Kwon

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Tire particles, Brake particles, Volatile organic components, Markers, Rubber

Online: 5 October 2023 (13:46:11 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Non-exhaust fine particles such as tires and brakes emitted from vehicles have a significant impact on air pollution and human harm, and regulations on emissions are being discussed in earnest, starting with the introduction of brake wear particles emission standards in Euro 7. Various indoor and outdoor experiments were conducted, such as analysis of the amount of wear on tires and brakes, and analysis of the physical and chemical properties of fine particles, as fundamental data for the introduction of emission standards and the development of low wear tires and brakes to meet regulations. Recently, international standardized indoor experimental methods for brakes have been announced, and indoor and outdoor experimental methods for tires have been continuously studied to develop international standardized methods. In particular, tire-break-road wear particles are usually mixed with each other in the non-exhaust particles from a vehicle driving on real roads, and in-depth research is being performed on the accurate classification and characteristic analysis. In this study, the characteristics of the volatile organic components (VOCs) and marker substances for tire and tire-road wear fine particles were analyzed. A system capable of measuring non-exhaust wear fine particles was installed on the vehicle, and samples were collected from the vehicle running on the two different driving conditions, various constant speeds in the proving ground road and real driving roads. The VOCs contained in tires and tire-road-wear particles (TRWPs) under the specific temperature conditions with a thermogravimetric analyzergas chromatography/mass analysis (TGA-GC/MS). In addition, the correlations between VOCs and tire rubber components were analyzed through marker analysis using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass analysis (GC/MS). In VOCs, n-Hexane, n-Dodecane, and 1-Butene were measured relatively much in both constant-speed and real-drive tests. In addition, marker substances of synthetic rubber and natural rubber were not detected in the collected background fine particles.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1858.v1

Evaluation of Surrogate Aerosol Experiments to Predict Spreading and Removal of Virus-Laden Aerosols

Janis Beimdiek, Hans-Joachim Schmid

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: surrogate aerosols; indoor air cleaners; ultra-fine particles; COVID-19; test method; field experiments: clean air delivery rate

Online: 25 January 2024 (14:12:31 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0464.v1

Physiological Calcium Phosphate Management in Two Biofluids

Deanna Nelson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Calcium phosphate; calciprotein particles; nanoclusters; intrinsically disordered proteins; crystal toxicity; milk; serum

Online: 6 June 2023 (14:19:16 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0958.v1

Strain Rate-dependent Mechanical Response of Hydrate-bearing Sediments under Plane Strain Condition

Qi Wu, Yingjie Zhao, Norimasa Yoshimoto, Jinan Guan, Yukio Nakata, Shintaro Kajiyama, Masayuki Hyodo

Subject: Engineering, Marine Engineering Keywords: methane hydrate; strain-rate dependent; fine particles; hydrate saturation; particle tracking velocimetry

Online: 26 April 2023 (04:47:19 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1681.v1

Recognition Mechanisms of Hemoglobin Particles by Monocytes – CD163 May Just Be One

Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz, Pichayut Rerkshanandana, Chiraphat Kloypan, Ulrich Kalus, Saranya Chaiwaree, Axel Pruß, Radostina Georgieva, Yu Xiong, Hans Bäumler

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: hemoglobin sub-micron particles; CD163; monocytes; scavenger receptors

Online: 24 May 2023 (04:04:06 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0211.v2

The Upgraded Planck System of Units that Reaches from the Known Planck Scale All the Way Down to Subatomic Scales

Dimitris M. Christodoulou, Demosthenes Kazanas

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Atomic processes; Cosmological parameters; Cosmology: theory; Early Universe; Elementary particles; Galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; Gravitation.

Online: 27 February 2023 (02:04:10 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Natural systems of units $\{U_i\}$ need to be overhauled to include the dimensionless coupling constants $\{\upalpha_{U_i}\}$ of the natural forces. Otherwise, they cannot quantify all forces of nature in a unified manner. Thus, each force must furnish a system of units with at least one dimensional and one dimensionless constant. We revisit three natural systems of units (atomic, cosmological, and Planck). The Planck system is easier to rectify, and we do so in this work. The atomic system discounts $\{ G, \upalpha_G \}$, thus it cannot account for gravitation. The cosmological system discounts $\{ \slashed{h}, \upalpha_\slashed{h} \}$, thus it cannot account for quantum physics. Here, the symbols have their usual meanings; in particular, $\upalpha_G$ is the gravitational coupling constant and $\upalpha_\slashed{h}$ is Dirac's fine-structure constant. The speed of light $c$ and the impedance of free space $Z_0$ are resistive properties imposed by the vacuum itself, thus they must be present in all systems of units. The upgraded Planck system with fundamental units $${\rm UPS} \,:=\,\{ c, Z_0, G, \upalpha_G, \slashed{h}, \upalpha_\slashed{h}, \,\dots\,\!\},$$ describes all physical scales in the universe---it is nature's system of units. As such, it reveals a number of properties, most of which have been encountered previously in seemingly disjoint parts of physics, and some of which have been designated as mere coincidences. Based on the UPS results, that relate (sub)atomic scales to the Planck scale and the fine-structure constant to the Higgs field, we can state with confidence that no observed/measured physical properties are coincidental in this universe. Furthermore, we derive from first principles Koide's $K=2/3$ enigmatic constant and additional analogous quark and vector boson constants. These are formal mathematical proofs that justify a posteriori the use of geometric means in deriving the quark/boson mass ladder. This ladder allows us to also calculate the Higgs couplings to the vector bosons and the Weinberg angle in terms of only $K$.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1012.v9

Quantum Solution of Classical Turbulence. Decaying Energy Spectrum

Alexander Migdal

Subject: Physical Sciences, Fluids And Plasmas Physics Keywords: Turbulence; fractal; anomalous dissipation; fixed point; velocity circulation; loop equations; Euler Phi; prime numbers; Fermi particles; instanton

Online: 12 April 2024 (14:39:31 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0551.v1

An Axiomatic Formulation of Dimensionless Constants in Physical Sciences Beyond their Ascertained Invariance

Dimitris M. Christodoulou, Demosthenes Kazanas

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: Cosmology; Elementary particles; Gravitation.

Online: 29 December 2022 (02:43:29 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0342.v4

Biased Random Process of Randomly Moving Particles with Fixed Mean and Group Velocities

Tao Guo

Subject: Physical Sciences, Mathematical Physics Keywords: biased random process; randomly moving particles; special relativity effect; lorentz-like factor

Online: 16 October 2023 (08:45:20 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1134.v1

The Magnificent Realm of Affine Quantization: valid results for particles, fields, and gravity

John Klauder, Riccardo Fantoni

Subject: Physical Sciences, Theoretical Physics Keywords: Affine Quantization; Particles; Fields; Quantum Gravity

Online: 28 April 2023 (07:21:15 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0386.v2

Factors for Occupational Exposure to Ultrafine Particles in Different Sectors of Activity

Fernando Moreira, Ana Ferreira, Nelson Barros

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Ultrafine Particles; Air Quality; Occupational Health; UFP ;

Online: 30 January 2024 (04:07:59 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1679.v1

Two Novel Betarhabdovirids Infecting Ornamental Plants and the Peculiar Intracellular Behavior of the Cytorhabdovirus in the Liana Aristolochia gibertii

Pedro Luis Ramos-González, Maria Amelia Vaz Alexandre, Matheus Potsclam-Barro, Lígia Maria Lembo Duarte, Gianluca L. Michea Gonzalez, Camila Chabi-Jesus, Alyne F. Ramos, Ricardo Harakava, Harri Lorenzi, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Elliot Watanabe Kitajima

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: rhabdovirus; betanucleorhabdovirus; high-throughput sequencing; virion particles; cytopathology

Online: 23 January 2024 (09:50:15 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0905.v1

Particles in Exhaled Air (PExA): Clinical Uses and Future Implications

Thomas Roe, Siona Silveira, Zixing (Hings) Luo, Eleanor L. Osborne, Ganapathy Senthil Murugan, Michael P. W. Grocott, Anthony Postle, Ahilanandan Dushianthan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: PExA; particles in exhaled air; asthma; acute respiratory distress syndrome

Online: 15 April 2024 (08:51:39 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0808.v1

Colloid Chemistry of Fullerene Solutions: Aggregation and Coagulation

Nikolay Mchedlov-Petrossyan, Mykyta Marfunin, Nika N Kriklya

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Physical Chemistry Keywords: fullerenes; good and poor solvents; aggregate formations; organosols; hydrosols; coagulation by electrolytes; overcharging of colloidal particles; Hamaker constant

Online: 13 October 2023 (02:53:07 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

This review article is devoted to the colloidal properties of fullerene solutions. According to generally accepted understanding, all solvents in relations to fullerenes are divided into “good” (or “strong” or “high-solubility” ones), “poor” (usually polar) and “reactive”. Water occupies a special place, close to “poor” solvents. We have consistently considered and discussed the state of fullerenes in these systems. In "good", predominantly non-polar aromatic solvents and CS2, nonequilibrium dissolution methods lead to the formation of colloidal aggregates, whereas utilization of equilibrium methods results in the formation of molecular solutions. The latter, however, have some unusual properties; new results confirm previously expressed ideas about colloidal properties of these solutions. Both experimental and theoretical methods devoted to such systems are considered. In “poor” (polar) solvents, typical lyophobic colloidal systems appear. Both “bottom-up” and “top-down” methods of preparation are now well documented in the literature. However, some of these polar solvents dissolve fullerenes rather easily and with less energy consumption. In addition to N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, which has been well studied for fullerenes, DMSO and DMF have now been described. These solvents can be considered a subset of poor solvents that have some features of being “reactive” at the expense of basic (“cationophilic”) properties. Room temperature ionic liquids are also used to dissolve fullerenes, but there is little experimental research. Hydrosols and aqueous suspensions of fullerenes are typical hydrophobic colloids that obey the Schulze–Hardy rule and other regularities in the presence of electrolytes. New experimental data confirm the previously obtained results. Organosols in acetonitrile and methanol are much less stable with respect to electrolytes; the difference in critical coagulation concentrations of electrolytes reaches two to three orders of magnitude. This allows us to conclude that there is an additional, so-called non-DLVO, stabilizing factor in the hydrosols. Accordingly, the value of the Hamaker constant of fullerene-fullerene interaction may be higher than that derived from coagulation data in water. Contrary to the mentioned “poor” polar solvents, the stability of fullerene sols in DMSO is even higher than in water. These results, as well as data obtained with DMF demonstrate strong solvation of fullerenes with basic solvents.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0701.v1

Laboratory Comparison of Low-Cost Particulate Matter Sensors to Measure Transient Events of Pollution - Part B - Particle Number Concentrations

Florentin Michel Jacques Bulot, Hugo Savill Russell, Mohsen Rezaei, Matthew Stanley Johnson, Steven James Ossont, Andrew Kevin Richard Morris, Philip James Basford, Natasha Hazel Celeste Easton, Hazel Louise Mitchell, Gavin Lee Foster, Matthew Loxham, Simon James Cox

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Pollution Keywords: low-cost sensors; particle number concentration; laboratory study; fine particles; particulate matter; air pollution

Online: 21 April 2023 (09:10:07 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1912.v1

Translational Challenges and Prospective Solutions in the Implementation of Biomimetic Delivery Systems

Zhe Wang, Xinpei Wang, Wanting Xu, Yongxiao Li, Ruizhi Lai, Xiaohui Qiu, Xu Chen, Zhidong Chen, Bobin Mi, Meiying Wu, Junqing Wang

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: biomimetic; bioinspired; nanodiscs; liposomes; virus-like particles; albumin; ferritin; polysaccharides; extracellular vesicles

Online: 28 September 2023 (03:21:20 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Search Results

140 articles found