Version 1
: Received: 17 March 2023 / Approved: 20 March 2023 / Online: 20 March 2023 (03:40:46 CET)
How to cite:
Pilot, C. On the Cosmic Evolution of the Quantum Vacuum Using Two Variable G Models and Winterberg's Thesis. Preprints2023, 2023030338. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0338.v1
Pilot, C. On the Cosmic Evolution of the Quantum Vacuum Using Two Variable G Models and Winterberg's Thesis. Preprints 2023, 2023030338. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0338.v1
Pilot, C. On the Cosmic Evolution of the Quantum Vacuum Using Two Variable G Models and Winterberg's Thesis. Preprints2023, 2023030338. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0338.v1
APA Style
Pilot, C. (2023). On the Cosmic Evolution of the Quantum Vacuum Using Two Variable G Models and Winterberg's Thesis. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0338.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Pilot, C. 2023 "On the Cosmic Evolution of the Quantum Vacuum Using Two Variable G Models and Winterberg's Thesis" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0338.v1
Abstract
We work within a Winterberg framework where space, i.e., the vacuum, consists of a two component superfluid/super-solid made up of a vast assembly (sea) of positive and negative mass Planck particles, called planckions. These material particles interact indirectly, and have very strong restoring forces keeping them a finite distance apart from each other within their respective species. Because of their mass compensating effect, the vacuum appears massless, charge-less, without pressure, net energy density or entropy. In addition, we consider two variable models, where, , is Newton’s constant, and, , increases with an increase in cosmological time. We argue that there are at least two competing models for the quantum vacuum within such a framework. The first follows a strict extension of Winterberg’s model. This leads to nonsensible results, if increases, going back in cosmological time, as the length scale inherent in such a model will not scale properly. The second model introduces a different length scale, which does scale properly, but keeps the mass of the Planck particle as, the Planck mass. Moreover we establish a connection between ordinary matter, dark matter, and dark energy, where all three mass densities within the Friedman equation must be interpreted as residual vacuum energies, which only surface, once aggregate matter has formed, at relatively low temperatures. The symmetry of the vacuum will be shown to be broken, because of the different scaling laws, beginning with the formation of elementary particles. Much like waves on an ocean where positive and negative planckion mass densities effectively cancel each other out and form a zero vacuum energy density/ zero vacuum pressure surface, these positive mass densities are very small perturbations (anomalies) about the mean. This greatly alleviates, i.e., minimizes the cosmological constant problem, a long standing problem associated with the vacuum.
Keywords
Winterberg model; Planck particles; positive and negative mass Planck particles; planckions; quantum vacuum; space as a superfluid/ supersolid; extended models for space; cosmological constant; Higgs field as a composite particle; Higgs boson; inherent length scale for the vacuum; dark energy; cosmological scaling behavior for the quantum vacuum; variable G models; extended gravity; Newton’s constant as an order parameter; high energy behavior for the vacuum
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Horticulture
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
