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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1524.v1

Gastrointestinal Granular Cell Tumor: The First Report of a Multifocal and Potentially Hereditary Case

Riccardo Sigon, Lisa Fusaro, Fabio Monica, Michele Campigotto

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: granular cell tumor; Abrikossoff tumor; multifocal tumor; gastrointestinal tract; inherited tumor

Online: 24 October 2023 (10:32:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1525.v1

Reduced Levels of Lacrimal Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) in Patients with Focal Epilepsy and Focal Epilepsy with Comorbid Depression: A Biomarker Candidate?

Alexander A. Shpak, Flora K. Rider, Tatiana A. Druzhkova, Marina Y. Zhanina, Sofya B. Popova, Alla B. Guekht, Natalia V. Gulyaeva

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; brain derived neurotrophic factor; cortisol; tumor necrosis factor-α; lacrimal fluid; blood serum; focal epilepsy; major depressive disorder; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis

Online: 24 October 2023 (10:16:57 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1503.v1

Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome: A Bridge Diagnostic For Occult Tumor

Marcelo De Moura Campos, Eduardo Pagliarini, Amanda Locks, Marcus Gonçalves

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Lambert-Eaton; Paraneoplastic Syndrome; Tumor; SCLC; Antibodies; COVID-19

Online: 24 October 2023 (08:39:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1343.v1

Potential of Alkalization Therapy for the Management of Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: A Retrospective Study

Masahide Isowa, Reo Hamaguchi, Ryoko Narui, Hiromasa Morikawa, Toshihiro Okamoto, Hiromi Wada

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Pancreatic cancer; Cancer metabolism; Alkalization therapy; Tumor microenvironment; Urine pH

Online: 20 October 2023 (11:44:36 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1327.v1

HSF1 Inhibition: A Novel Anti-Cancer Strategy with Promise for Precision Oncology

Khanisyah Erza Gumilar, Yeh Chin, Ibrahim H. Ibrahim, Brahmana A. Tjokroprawiro, Jer-Yen Yang, Ming Zhou, Natalie R. Gassman, Ming Tan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: HSF1; heat shock response; cellular stress; cancer stem cells; tumor microenvironment

Online: 20 October 2023 (10:26:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1204.v1

Alterations in Intratumoral Immune Response Before and Early-on-Treatment of Nivolumab in Unresectable Advanced or Recurrent Gastric Cancer

Yasuyoshi Sato, Hiroharu Yamashita, Yukari Kobayashi, Koji Nagaoka, Tetsuro Hisayoshi, Takuya Kawahara, Akihiro Kuroda, Noriyuki Saito, Ryohei Iwata, Yasuhiro Okumura, Koichi Yagi, Susumu Aiko, Sachiyo Nomura, Kazuhiro Kakimi, Yasuyuki Seto

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: gastric cancer; Nivolumab; immune response; tumor microenvironment; RNA-Seq

Online: 19 October 2023 (03:29:48 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0794.v1

Critical Roles of SRC-3 in Development and Progression of Breast Cancer, Render it a Prospective Clinical Target

Lokman Varisli, Garrett M. Dancik, Veysel Tolan, Spiros Vlahopoulos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: breast cancer; SRC-3; estrogen signaling; tumor microenvironment; tumor infiltrating cells

Online: 12 October 2023 (14:21:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0766.v1

Mathematical Modeling of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Biology Through the Experimental Data on Cell Composition and Growth of Patient-Derived Organoids

Rushan A. Sulimanov, Konstantin B. Koshelev, Vladimir A. Makarov, Alexander V. Mezentsev, Mikhail O. Durymanov, Komal Zahid, Lilian Ismail, Yegor Y. Rumyantsev, Ilya A. Laskov

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: mathematical modeling; non-small cell lung cancer; tumor microenvironment; patient-derived tumor organoids

Online: 12 October 2023 (05:05:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0669.v1

Vaccinating against Cancer – How to Force the Quatrature of the Circle

Matthias Giese

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Cancer biology; tumor immunology; neoantigens; T cell exhaustion; immunosenescence; cancer vaccines; RNA vaccines

Online: 11 October 2023 (04:43:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0598.v1

Kyogo Itoh, Shigeki Shichijo, Shigetaka Suekane

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: anti-tumor immunity; antigenic mimicry; CTL epitope peptides; human tumor-associated antigens; intestinal microbiota; linear sequence analysis; TCR-mediated recognition analysis

Online: 10 October 2023 (08:31:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0583.v1

C-met+ CTLs Exhibit Enhanced Cytotoxicity in Mouse and Human In Vitro Tumor Models

Mahdia Benkhoucha, Ngoc Lan Tran, Isis Senoner, Gautier Breville, Hajer Fritah, Denis Migliorini, Valérie Dutoit, Patrice H. Lalive

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: c-Met; HGF; CTLs; CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes; spheroids; tumor

Online: 10 October 2023 (08:09:05 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0227.v1

Environmental Enrichment in Cancer: A Possible Tool to Combat Tumor Development: A Systematic Review

Matheus Santos Fernandes, Tiago Ramos Lacerda, Débora Eduarda da Silva Fidelis, Gabriela Carvalho Jurema Santos, Tayrine Ordonio Filgueira, Raphael Fabrício De Souza, Claúdia Jacques Lagranha, Fábio Santos Lira, Angela Castoldi, Fabricio Oliveira Souto

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Enriched Environment; Cancer; Tumor growth; angiogenesis; pro-oncogenic factor

Online: 4 October 2023 (09:35:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0013.v1

The Reversal Effect of P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Tumor Multidrug Resistance by Pyxinol and 24S-Pyxinol Amino Acid Ester Derivatives

Luying Tan, Peng Gao, Zhuoqiao Li, Chencheng Gao, Xiaoyu Geng, Qianyun Wang, Daohao Tang, Fang Wang, Jinping Liu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: tumor multidrug resistance; P-glycoprotein; pyxinol amino acid ester derivatives; molecular docking; metabolomics

Online: 1 October 2023 (08:32:50 CEST)

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(1) Background: The typical transporter protein, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), has been proven to be associated with multidrug resistance (MDR). Pyxinol and 24S-Pyxinol amino acid ester derivatives had been demonstrated to be promising P-gp inhibitors for reversal of tumor MDR in KBV cells, however, their roles in MDR reversal in other tumor-resistant cells are still unclear. (2) Methods: In the present study, we synthesized 40 amino acid ester derivatives of Pyxinol and 24S-Pyxinol. The MDR reversal effects of these derivatives were evaluated in A549/Tax, MCF-7/ADR, and HCT-8/VCR cells using the CCK-8 assay. Subsequently, western blot assay, intracellular Rhodamine123 (Rh123) accumulation assay and P-gp ATPase activity assay were utilized to investigate the effects of active compound on P-gp. Molecular docking was used to predict the possible binding patterns of active compound to P-gp. Moreover, based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS cellular metabolomics technology to identify endogenous differential metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with tumor MDR effects of the active compound. (3) Results: The results of the CCK-8 assay showed that compounds 8, 14, 16, 17, 18, 23, 25, 34, 36, 37 exhibited strong MDR reversal effect in A549/Tax, MCF-7/ADR and HCT-8/VCR cells, which were screened by reversal fold (RF) greater than 5. Among them, 10 μM of derivative 37 (new compound) showed the outstanding activity (RF: 15.31) in reversing MDR in A549/Tax cells. Compound 37 could act as a substrate for P-gp and inhibit the efflux function of P-gp by competitively binding to the binding site of antitumor drugs. Meanwhile, the molecular docking results confirmed that compound 37 was identified to under-go high-affinity binding to the drug binding site of P-gp. In addition, 14 endogenous differential metabolites and 6 metabolic pathways involved closely associated with the reversal of tumor MDR effects of compound 37 were identified. (4) Conclusions: Overall, a new candidate compound 37 (24S-3-L-threonyl-Pyxinol) could be provided for reversing tumor MDR by this study.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1880.v1

The Prognostic Role of the Volumetric MRI Evaluation in the Surgical Treatment of Glioblastoma

Denis Aiudi, Alessio Iacoangeli, Mauro Dobran, Gabriele Polonara, Mario Chiapponi, Andrea Mattioli, Maurizio Gladi, Maurizio Iacoangeli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: FLAIR infiltration; brain tumors; extent of surgical resection; glioblastoma; overall survival; progression-free survival; pseudocapsule; neuro-oncology; tumor volume

Online: 28 September 2023 (03:26:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1752.v1

Impact of sarcopenia on long-term outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with trans-arterial radioembolization: A retrospective multi-center study

Heechul Nam, Hyun Yang, Ho Soo Chun, Han Ah Lee, Joon Yeul Nam, Jeong Won Jang, Yeon Seok Seo, Do Young Kim, Yoon Jun Kim, Si Hyun Bae

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma; Transarterial radioembolization; Yttrium-90; Locoregional treatment; Portal vein tumor thrombosis; Overall survival; Progression-free survival; Skeletal muscle mass; Sarcopenia; Body mass index.

Online: 26 September 2023 (08:22:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1490.v1

Excessive Lipid Production Shapes Glioma Tumor Microenvironment

Haitham Maraqah, John Paul Aboubechara, Mones Abu-Asab, Han Sung Lee, Orwa Aboud

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: glioblastoma; astrocytoma; lipid accumulation; mitochondrial dysfunction; tumor microenvironment; oxidative phosphorylation; glycolysis; immune evasion; therapeutic strategies; ultrastructural analysis

Online: 21 September 2023 (13:04:57 CEST)

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Disrupted lipid metabolism is a characteristic of gliomas. This study utilizes an ultrastructural approach to characterize the prevalence and distribution of lipids within gliomas. This study made use of tissue from IDH1 wild type (IDH1-wt) glioblastoma (n=18) and IDH1 mutant (IDH1-mt) astrocytoma (n=12) tumors. We uncover a prevalent and intriguing surplus of lipids. The bulk of the lipids manifested as sizable cytoplasmic inclusions and extracellular deposits in the tumor microenvironment (TME); in some tumors the lipids were stored in the classical mem-braneless spheroidal lipid droplets (LDs). Frequently, lipids accumulated inside mitochondria, suggesting possible dysfunction of the beta-oxidation pathway. Additionally, the tumor vascula-ture are shown to have lipid deposits in their lumen and vessel walls; this lipid could have shifted in from the tumor microenvironment or have been produced by the vessel-invading tumor cells. Overproduction of lipids by the tumor is suspected to be due to a combination of two processes: i) dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria that causes metabolic backup and ac-cumulation of acetyl-CoA, as well as ii) the overproduction of pyruvate due to the tumor cell reli-ance on overactive glycolysis. Tumor cells use lipids for structural components but cannot use them for energy if their oxidative phosphorylation is dysfunctional, which seems to be the case in the tumor cells we examined. This lipid-rich environment, however, offers tumor cells certain advantages: protection from the immune system, non-lipophilic drugs, and oxidative stress. Our research highlights the significant presence of lipid overproduction in both IDH1-wild type glio-blastoma and IDH1-mutant astrocytoma tumors, leading to diverse lipid accumulations in var-ious cellular compartments and structures. This lipid excess stems from disrupted beta-oxidation and dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation pathways. The implications of this lipid-driven environment include structural support for the tumor cells and protection against immune re-sponses, non-lipophilic drugs, and free radicals.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1432.v1

Adding Value to Liquid Biopsy for Brain Tumors: The Role of Imaging

Nastaran Khalili, Hossein Shooli, Nastaran Hosseini, Anahita Fathi Kazerooni, Ariana Familiar, Sina Bagheri, Hannah Anderson, Stephen J. Bagley, Ali Nabavizadeh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Imaging; Liquid biopsy; glioma; glioblastoma; focused ultrasound; tumor biomarkers

Online: 21 September 2023 (07:24:16 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1362.v1

Prechemotherapy Transperitoneal Robotic‐Assisted Partial Nephrectomy (RAPN) for a Wilms Tumor: Surgical and Oncological Outcomes in a Four‐Years‐Old Patient

Marcello Della Corte, Elisa Cerchia, Marco Oderda, Paola Quarello, Franca Fagioli, Paolo Gontero, Simona Gerocarni Nappo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: Wilms Tumor; nephron‐sparing surgery; robotic surgery; partial nephrectomy; 3D reconstruction; DaVinci; metaverse; 3D virtual models

Online: 20 September 2023 (05:02:48 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0305.v3

Mature Triphyllic Cystic Teratoma of the Posterior Mediastinum in a Fetus: A Case Report and Literature Review

Cecilia Salzillo, Andrea Quaranta, Giovanni De Biasi, Gerardo Cazzato, Gabriella Serio, Antonella Vimercati, Pierpaolo Nicolì, Leonardo Resta, Andrea Marzullo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: mature triphyllic cystic teratoma; posterior mediastinum; fetal teratoma; germ cell tumor; prenatal diagnosis

Online: 18 September 2023 (07:14:56 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0846.v1

Rhabdomyosarcoma: Current Therapy, Challenges, and Future Approaches to Treatment Strategies

Ali Zarrabi, David Perrin, Mahboubeh Kavoosi, Micah Sommer, Serap Sezen, Parvaneh Mehrbod, Bhavya Bhushan, Filip Machaj, Jakub Rosik, Philip Kawalec, Saba Afifi, Seyed Mohammadreza Bolandi, Peyman Koleini, Mohsen Taheri, Tayyebeh Madrakian, Marek Jan Łos, Benjamin Lindsey, Nilufer Cakir, Atefeh Zarepour, Kiavash Hushmandi, Ali Fallah, Bahattin Koc, Mazaher Ahmadi, Susan E. Logue, Gorka Orive, Stevan Pecic, Joseph W. Gordon, Saeid Ghavami

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Unfolded Protein Response; Bioengineering; Tumor Stiffness

Online: 13 September 2023 (10:32:09 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0749.v1

DUBing Primary Tumors of the Central Nervous System: Regulatory Roles of Deubiquitinases

Thomas Klonisch, Susan E. Logue, Sabine Hombach-Klonisch, Jerry Vriend

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: brain tumor; glioma; neuronal system tumor; deubiquitinase (DUB); Endoplasmic Reticulum Associated Degradation (ERAD); immune response; therapeutic target; DNA repair

Online: 12 September 2023 (11:04:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0633.v1

De Novo Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Are We Moving towards a Personalized Treatment?

Claudia Piombino, Marco Oltrecolli, Elena Tonni, Marta Pirola, Rossana Matranga, Cinza Baldessari, Stefania Pipitone, Massimo Dominici, Roberto Sabbatini, Maria Giuseppa Vitale

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer; new hormonal agents; transcriptomic profiling; DNA damage repair genes; tumor suppressor genes; androgen receptor; immunotherapy; CDK4/6 inhibitors; PARP inhibitors; AKT inhibitors.

Online: 11 September 2023 (07:17:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0185.v1

Tumor Cell Resistance to the Inhibition of BRAF and MEK1/2

Wenjing Chen, Jong-In Park

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: BRAF; MEK; tumor; drug resistance

Online: 5 September 2023 (03:53:23 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0052.v1

Giant Hepatic Hemangioma, a Case Report. When Hepatic Resection Is Not Enough

Carmen Acosta Gallardo, Natalia Zambudio Carrol, Alejandro José Pérez Alonso, Esther Brea Gómez, María Trinidad Villegas Herrera, Jesús María Villar del Moral

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: liver transplant; tumor liver

Online: 1 September 2023 (10:01:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.2123.v1

Effects of Moderate Exercise Training on Cancer-Induced Muscle Wasting

Ana Cristina Corrêa Figueira, Ana Pereira, Luis Leitão, Rita Ferreira, Paula Oliveira, José Duarte

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: Breast tumor; exercise training; gastrocnemius; soleus; cancer-induced muscle wasting

Online: 31 August 2023 (09:36:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.2027.v1

Analysis of Gene Expression Networks in Primary Central Nervous System Tumors for Drug Repurposing Prospects

Brian Harvey Avanceña Villanueva, Po-Wei Tsai, Lemmuel L. Tayo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: central nervous system tumor; co-expression network; drug repurposing

Online: 30 August 2023 (09:04:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1800.v2

Angiogenesis in Lung Cancer: Understanding the Roles of Growth Factors

Yvan Sinclair Ngaha Tchawe, Zhilenkova Angelina V., Essogmo Freddy Elad, Ikenna K. Uchendu, Abah Moses Owoicho, Lionel Tabola Fossa, Zaiana D. Sangadzhieva, Varvara D. Sanikovich, Alexander S. Rusanov, Yuliya N. Pirogova, Alexander Boroda, Alexander Rozhkov, Jean D. Kemfang Ngowa, Leonid N. Bagmet, Marina I. Sekacheva

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Angiogenesis; Growth factors; Lung cancer; Tumor microenvironment; Anti-angiogenic therapy

Online: 29 August 2023 (09:24:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1647.v1

Cytokine Profile in Lung Cancer Patients: Anti-tumor and Oncogenic Cytokines

Essogmo Freddy Elad, Zhilenkova Angelina V., Abah Moses Owoicho, Ngaha Tchawe Yvan Sinclair, Alexander S. Rusanov, Alexander Boroda, Yuliya N. Pirogova, Zaiana D. Sangadzhieva, Varvara D. Sanikovich, Nikolay N. Bagmet, Marina I. Sekacheva

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Lung cancer; Cytokines; Therapy; Immune system; Anti-tumor

Online: 23 August 2023 (09:55:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1289.v1

Clinical Outcomes of Upfront Primary Tumor Resection in Synchronous Unresectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Ji Eun Shin, Ho Jung An, Byoung Yong Shim, Hyunho Kim, Hyung Soon Park, Hyeon-Min Cho, Bong-Hyeon Kye, Ri Na Yoo, Ji-Yeon Moon, Sung Hwan Kim, Jonghoon Lee, Hyo Chun Lee, Ji-Han Jung, Kang-Moon Lee, Ji Min Lee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: colorectal cancer; primary tumor resection; synchronous; metastasis; asymptomatic

Online: 18 August 2023 (07:25:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1250.v1

The Use of Circulating Tumor DNA Assays and Liquid Biopsies in Pediatric Brain Tumors: A Review

Doaa M. Abdalla, Eiman M. Abdalla, Ahmad K. Almekkawi, Rasha E. Ahmed, Tanya Minasian, Tarek Y. El Ahmadieh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Medulloblastoma; Circulating tumor DNA; exosomes; DIPG

Online: 17 August 2023 (09:32:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1070.v1

Preoperative Evaluation Management of the Patient with Endobronchial Tumor – Our Experience

Matache Radu Șerban, Savu Cornel Florentin, Stanciu Gavan Camelia, Pantile Daniel, Badescu Camelia, Edan Athir, Iordache Adrian Mihail, Bobocea Andrei Cristian, Vlăsceanu Silviu Gabriel, Mahler Beatrice, Bejgăneanu Andreea Octavia, Nemes Roxana Maria

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: endobronchial tumor; bronchoscopy; tumor board; sleeve resection criteria

Online: 15 August 2023 (04:34:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0983.v1

Brain Tumor Detection using the VGG-16 Model: A Deep Learning Approach

Dheiver Santos

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: brain tumor detection; VGG-16 model; convolutional neural network; MRI imaging; deep learning

Online: 14 August 2023 (08:34:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0888.v1

Optimizing Inference Distribution for Efficient Kidney Tumor Segmentation using a UNet-PWP Deep Learning Model on CT Scan Images

Patike Kiran Rao, Dr Subarna Chatterjee, Dr M Janardhan, Dr Nagaraju K, Dr. Surbhi Bhatia Khan, Dr. Ahlam Almusharraf, Abdullah I Alharbe

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Distirubtion Strategy; UNet-P model; Kidney tumor; Segmentation; Adaptive Partitioning; Optimization; Weight Pruning

Online: 11 August 2023 (07:08:11 CEST)

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Motivation: It is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of renal cancers to segment kidney tumours precisely and effectively. In medical image segmentation tasks, deep learning models have demonstrated promising results, and the UNet model is widely employed in this field. However, optimising the UNet model for kidney tumour segmentation further can improve its efficacy and deployment feasibility. Related Works: Previous works have explored various techniques to improve the efficiency of deep learning models in medical image segmentation. Image partitioning methods divides the input image into smaller regions, enabling parallel processing and reducing memory requirements. Pruning techniques eliminates redundant or insignificant weights, neurons and connections, resulting in a more compact and efficient model architecture. However, the UNet model architecture and its complexity in the context of kidney tumor segmentation using UNet remains unexplored. Methodology: The proposed methodology consists of adaptive partitioning and weight pruning. Adaptive partitioning divides the UNet model into smaller sub-models, facilitating parallel processing and accelerating inference without compromising segmentation accuracy. Weight pruning techniques remove redundant or less significant weights from the UNet-P model, reducing complexity and improving inference time by eliminating unnecessary computations. The adaptive partitioning and weight pruning processes are seamlessly integrated within the UNet-P architecture, resulting in an optimized model for kidney tumor segmentation. Results: We performed experiments utilising a dataset of KiT 23 CT scan images containing images of kidney malignancies. Compared to the standard UNet model, the optimised UNet-PWP model with adaptive partitioning and weight pruning obtained significant efficiency gains. The adaptive partitioning permitted parallel computation of sub-models, which accelerated inference times. Weight pruning decreased the UNet-PWP model’s complexity without compromising segmentation accuracy, thereby enhancing efficiency. The results of our experiments demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed method with 98% accuracy, demonstrating its potential for deployment in health sector.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0847.v1

MicroRNA-34 Family in Cancers: Role, Mechanism, and Therapeutic Potential

Junjiang Fu, Saber Imani, Mei-Yi Wu, Ray-Chang Wu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: microRNA; miR‐34; tumor suppressor; miRNA therapy

Online: 10 August 2023 (10:53:25 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0784.v1

Microbiota-Mediated Tumor Microenvironment: Exploring the Impact on Cancer Development

Abhinandan Patil, Neha Singh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Tumor; microbiota; microbiome; diagnostics

Online: 10 August 2023 (10:17:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0567.v1

Pancreatic Cancer- Secreted Proteins: Targeting Their Functions in Tumor Microenvironment

Anna Lisa Cammarota, Antonia Falco, Anna Basile, Carlo Molino, Massimiliano Chetta, Gianni D'Angelo, Liberato Marzullo, Margot De Marco, Maria Caterina Turco, Alessandra Rosati

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma; secretome; cell signaling; tumor microenvironment; small molecules; monoclonal antibodies.

Online: 7 August 2023 (12:12:00 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.2240.v2

An Atypical Presentation of Superficial Breast Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Paolo Izzo, Luciano Izzo, Andrea Polistena, Simone Sibio, Massimo Codacci-Pisanelli, Daniele Crocetti, Raimondo Gabriele, Claudia De Intinis, Sara Izzo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: retroareolar breast tumor; modified radical mastectomy; case report; triple negative breast cancer (TNBC); chemotherapy; superficial infiltrating breast carcinoma; taxol

Online: 7 August 2023 (02:30:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0265.v1

Biofilm and Cancer: Interactions and Future Direction for Cancer Therapy

Euna Choi, Ben Murray, Sunga Choi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: extracellular polymeric substance (EPS); tumor microenvironment (TME); tumor microbiome (TM); tumor-associated macrophages (TAM); colorectal cancer (CRC); Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn); Helicobacter py

Online: 3 August 2023 (10:47:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0238.v1

Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for Radiosurgery of Brain Metastases: A Single-Center Study

José Manuel Sánchez-Villalobos, Alfredo Berna-Serna, Juan Salinas-Ramos, Pedro Pablo Escolar-Pérez, Marina Andreu-Gálvez, Emma Martínez-Alonso, José Antonio Pérez-Vicente, Miguel Alcaraz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: VMAT; stereotactic radiosurgery; brain tumor-related epilepsy; overall survival; brain metastasis; brain location

Online: 2 August 2023 (16:01:27 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2038.v1

Harnessing Mechanical Forces for Cancer Treatment

Alka Kumari, S. Manasa Veena, Rashmita Luha, Ajay Tijore

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: mechanical force; apoptosis; tumor; tumor microenvironment; mechanomedicine

Online: 31 July 2023 (11:36:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1719.v1

Prognostic Relevance of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Cervix Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Carl Mathis Wild, Fabian Garrido, Christian Dannecker, Melitta B Köpke, Marie-Christine Chateau, Florence Boissière-Michot, Helene H Heidegger, Aurelia Vattai, Mirjana Kessler, Udo Jeschke, Vincent Cavaillès

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: cervical cancer; tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs); adenocarcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma; disease free survival (DFS)

Online: 25 July 2023 (13:10:32 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1462.v1

Current Challenges and Future Directions in the Management of Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Review

Paolo Izzo, Luciano Izzo, Andrea Polistena, Simone Sibio, Massimo Codacci-Pisanelli, Daniele Crocetti, Paolo Meloni, Pierfrancesco Di Cello, Claudia De Intinis, Sara Izzo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: inflammatory breast cancer (IBC); review; immunotherapy; targeted therapy; tumor microenvironment

Online: 21 July 2023 (12:39:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1188.v1

β2-Adrenergic Receptor Mediated Inhibition of T Cell Function And Its Implications For CAR-T Cell Therapy

Muhammad Asad Farooq, Iqra Ajmal, Xinhui Hui, Yiran Chen, Renzheng Yang, Wenzheng Jiang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: CAR-T therapy, Immunosuppression, Tumor microenvironment, adrenergic stress,; immunotherapy

Online: 18 July 2023 (10:29:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0985.v1

The Dual Role of Necroptosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Valentina Giansante, Gianmarco Stati, Silvia Sancilio, Emanuela Guerra, Saverio Alberti, Roberta Di Pietro

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: pancreatic cancer; necroptosis; tumor microenvironment; cell death

Online: 14 July 2023 (09:07:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0898.v1

Risk Factors for Elevated D-Dimer Levels in Patients with Gastrointestinal Tumors Treated with Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

Shougo Komatsuda, Shinya Kodashima, Ken Ikusaka, Naoaki Aoki, Yuki Shimizu, Minoru Oda, Fumito Harada, Taku Honda, Shingo Komazaki, Miyoko Sakurai, Daisuke Yanagisawa, Kyohei Maruyama, Hitoshi Aoyagi, Akari Isono, Ryo Miura, Koichiro Abe, Toshihiko Arizumi, Yoshinari Asaoka, Takatsugu Yamamoto, Atsushi Tanaka

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: D-dimer; Deep-vein thrombosis; Endoscopic submucosal dissection; Gastrointestinal tumor; Sedative

Online: 13 July 2023 (08:09:30 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0706.v1

Neuroendocrine Tumor Chromogranin A Response following Synthetic Somatostatin analog (Lanreotide): First Observations from an Isolated Duodenal Neoplasm

E. Scott Sills, Samuel H. Wood, Seang Lin Tan, Daniel M. Ibach

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: neuroendocrine tumor; duodenum; chromogranin A; lanreotide; surgery

Online: 11 July 2023 (10:14:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0503.v1

PCa-Clf: A Classifier of Prostate Cancer Patients into Indolent and Aggressive Using Machine Learning

Yashwanth Karthik Kumar Mamidi, Tarun Karthik Kumar Mamidi, Md Wasi Ul Kabir, Jiande Wu, Md Tamjidul Hoque, Chindo Hicks

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: machine learning; stacking; prostate cancer; indolent tumor; aggressive tumor; gleason grade; ml-classifiers

Online: 7 July 2023 (15:35:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0171.v1

Microfluidic Microcirculation Mimetic for Exploring Biophysical Mechanisms of Chemotherapy-Induced Metastasis

Ashley Abraham, Sukhman Virdi, Nick Herrero, Israel Bryant, Chisom Nwakama, Megha Jacob, Gargee Khaparde, Destiny Jordan, Mackenzie McCuddin, Spencer McKinley, Adam Taylor, Conner Peeples, Andrew Ekpenyong

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: microfluidics; metastasis; cancer; mechanical properties; physics of cancer; chemotherapy; microcirculation; tumor microenvironment

Online: 4 July 2023 (08:47:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0131.v1

Simultaneous Occurrence of Multiple Neoplasms in Children with Cancer Predisposition Syndromes: Collaborating with Abnormal Genes

Gabriela Telman, Ewa Strauss, Patrycja Sosnowska-Sienkiewicz, Magdalena Halasz, Danuta Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: cancer predisposition syndromes; genetic abnormalities; neoplasms; simultaneous occurrence; pediatric cancers; personalized treatment; tumor suppressor genes

Online: 4 July 2023 (08:36:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0133.v1

Tumor-Specific Targeting of Polymer Drug Delivery Systems with Recombinant Proteins Bound via Tris(Nitrilotriacetic Acid)

Michal Pechar, Vlastimil Král, Lucie Woldřichová, Ladislav Androvič, Eliška Hrdá, Robert Pola, Sára Pytlíková, Martin Studenovský, Libor Kostka, Vladimír Šubr, Tomáš Etrych, Olga Kočková, Jéssica Mariane Ferreira Mendes, Milan Fábry, Richard Laga

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: Hydrophilic polymers; Thermo-responsive polymers; Polymer drug delivery system; Tumor-specific targeting; Recombinant proteins; Non-covalent attachment; Tris(nitrilotriacetic acid) ligation

Online: 4 July 2023 (08:01:27 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0111.v1

Interpretation of Tumor Response Grade Following Preoperative Therapy for Gastric Cancer: An Overview

Vasileios Tsagkalidis, Maryjka B. Blaszczyk, Haejin In

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Surgery Keywords: tumor response grade (TRG); gastric cancer; RECIST; tumor regression score

Online: 3 July 2023 (14:25:48 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.2029.v1

Inflammatory Cytokines in Psoriatic Arthritis: Understanding Pathogenesis and Implications for Treatment

Bong-Woo Lee, Su-Jin Moon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: psoriatic arthritis; inflammatory cytokines; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; interleukin-17; interleukin-23; JAK/STAT signaling pathway

Online: 28 June 2023 (12:30:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1915.v1

The Disulfidptosis-Mediated Intercellular Communication in the Tumor Microenvironment Contributes to the Progression of Osteosarcoma and Immunotherapy

Yueying Xiao, Tianze Zhang, Jin Wang, Yanan Wang, Yanqing Huo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Disulfidptosis; Osteosarcoma; Tumor immune microenvironment; Immunotherapy; Prognostic model; CAPZB; Intercellular communication

Online: 27 June 2023 (13:28:20 CEST)

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Background: Disulfidptosis, a recently identified form of cell death triggered by excessive cysteine accumulation and subsequent disulfide stress, has emerged as a novel mechanism of cell death. Despite its significance, the role of disulfidptosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains poorly understood. Methods: In this study, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing data from 100,987 cells of 11 osteosarcoma (OS) patients. Using the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm, we performed dimensionality reduction analysis to identify distinct subtypes characterized by 14 disulfidptosis-related genes across major cell types within the TME. Subsequently, we assessed the prognosis and immunotherapy response associated with each disulfidptosis-related subtype, leveraging publicly available databases comprising osteosarcoma data and immunotherapy cohorts. Results: We identified distinct subtypes within tumor-associated fibroblasts, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and macrophages, which we named and annotated based on their characteristic genes. Furthermore, we observed a close association between disulfidptosis-related genes and key biological features of immune cells within the TME, elucidating inferred pseudotime trajectories. Notably, integrating bulk-seq data of osteosarcoma patients, we observed significant differences in overall survival rates among the disulfidptosis-related subtypes. Particularly, the disulfidptosis-related subtype within tumor-associated fibroblasts exhibited superior discriminatory ability in predicting the response of patients undergoing immunotherapy, surpassing other cell subtypes. Our cell-cell communication analysis highlighted extensive and specific interactions between disulfidptosis-related subtypes and osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, we confirmed the histological localization of the CAPZB+CAF subtype within osteosarcoma tissue and osteoclastoma using immunofluorescence (IF) techniques. Conclusions: Collectively, our study sheds light on the intercellular communication facilitated by disulfidptosis in the TME, underscoring its involvement in the biological functions and immunotherapy response of osteosarcoma.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1905.v1

Assessment of the Tumor-Stroma Ratio and Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Colorectal Cancer: Inter-Observer Agreement Evaluation

Azar Kazemi, Masoumeh Gharib, Nema Mohammadian Roshan, Shirin Traz Jamshid, Fabian Stögbauer, Saeid Eslami, Peter Schüffler

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; tumor-stroma ratio; colorectal cancer; inter-observer

Online: 27 June 2023 (12:36:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1845.v1

Differences in the Tumor Molecular and Microenvironmental Land-Scape Between Early (Non-metastatic) and De Novo Metastatic Primary Luminal Breast Tumors

Yentl Lambrechts, Sigrid Hatse, François Richard, Bram Boeckx, Giuseppe Floris, Christine Desmedt, Ann Smeets, Patrick Neven, Diether Lambrechts, Hans Wildiers

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: (luminal) breast cancer; breast cancer biology; mutations; primary tumor; de novo - stage IV; tumor microenvironment

Online: 27 June 2023 (04:47:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1767.v1

Usefulness of Tumor Marker Score for Prediction of Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated with Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Kazunari Tanaka, Kunihiko Tsuji, Atsushi Hiraoka, Toshifumi Tada, Masashi Hirooka, Kazuya Kariyama, Joji Tani, Masanori Atsukawa, Koichi Takaguchi, Ei Itobayashi, Shinya Fukunishi, Toru Ishikawa, Kazuto Tajiri, Hironori Ochi, Hidenori Toyoda, Chikara Ogawa, Takashi Nishimura, Takeshi Hatanaka, Satoru Kakizaki, Noritomo Shimada, Kazuhito Kawata, Atsushi Naganuma, Hisashi Kosaka, Tomomitsu Matono, Hidekatsu Kuroda, Yutaka Yata, Hideko Ohama, Fujimasa Tada, Kazuhiro Nouso, Asahiro Morishita, Akemi Tsutsui, Takuya Nagano, Norio Itokawa, Tomomi Okubo, Taeang Arai, Keisuke Yokohama, Hiroki Nishikawa, Michitaka Imai, Yohei Koizumi, Shinichiro Nakamura, Hiroko Iijima, Masaki Kaibori, Yoichi Hiasa, Takashi Kumada

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma; tumor marker; atezolizumab plus bevacizumab; prognosis; predictive model

Online: 26 June 2023 (09:42:06 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1673.v1

Unintentional Two-Stage Surgery of Hypervascular Choroid Plexus Papilloma considering Venous Drainage: A Case Report

Daishiro Abe, Kohei Kanaya, Takafumi Kiuchi, Sumio Kobayashi, Kenji Sano, Tetsuyoshi Horiuchi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Surgery Keywords: choroid plexus papilloma; hypervascular tumor; surgical strategy; venous drainage

Online: 23 June 2023 (12:00:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1524.v1

Biological and Clinical Significance of TIMPs Expression in Breast Cancer: a Bioinformatic Analysis

Lorena Cayetano-Salazar, Adán Arizmendi-Izazaga, Dania A. Nava-Tapia, Eymard Hernández-López, Caroline Weinstein-Oppenheimer, Julio Ortiz-Ortiz, Marco A. Leyva-Vázquez, Miguel A. Mendoza-Catalán, Napoleón Navarro-Tito

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: breast cancer; TIMPs; tumor progression

Online: 21 June 2023 (10:16:51 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1438.v1

The Molecular and Immune Microenvironmental Landscape of Brain Metastases: Implications for Novel Treatment Options

Shangbiao Li, Yuchen Shen, Chengtao Dong, Shengqi Yin, Dong Zhou, Aidong Zhou

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: brain metastasis; tumor microenvironment; targeted therapy; immune therapy

Online: 20 June 2023 (11:56:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1269.v1

The Importance of The Tumor Microenvironment

Kornélia Baghy, Andrea Reszegi, Ilona Kovalszky

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: tumor microenvironment; extracellular matrix; proteoglycans; tumor-associated fibroblasts; tumor immunity; immune checkpoint inhibitors; tumor stroma; angiogenesis

Online: 19 June 2023 (03:16:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1223.v1

Prostate Cancer: Genetics, Epigenetics and the Need for Immunological Biomarkers

Guzel Rafikova, Irina Gilyazova, Kadriia Enikeeva, Valentin Pavlov, Julia G. Kzhyshkowska

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: cancer genetics; cancer epigenetic; tumor microenvironment; monocytes; TAMs; prostate cancer; cancer biomarkers

Online: 16 June 2023 (10:42:15 CEST)

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Epidemiological data highlight prostate cancer as a significant global health issue, with high incidence and substantial impact on patients' quality of life. The prevalence of this disease is associated with various factors, including age, heredity, and race. Recent research in prostate cancer genetics has identified several genetic variants that may be associated with an increased risk of developing the disease. However, despite the significance of these findings, genetic markers for prostate cancer are not currently utilized in clinical practice as reliable indicators of the disease. In addition to genetics, epigenetic alterations also play a crucial role in prostate cancer development. Aberrant DNA methylation, changes in chromatin structure, and microRNA (miRNA) expression are major epigenetic events that influence oncogenesis. Existing markers for prostate cancer, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), have limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The cost of testing, follow-up procedures, and treatment for false-positive results and overdiagnosis contributes to the overall healthcare expenditure. Improving the effectiveness of prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis requires either narrowing the risk group by identifying new genetic factors or enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of existing markers. Immunological biomarkers (both circulating and intra-tumoral), including markers of immune response and immune dysfunction, represent a potentially useful area of research for enhancing the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Our review emphasizes the need for developing novel immunological biomarkers to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of prostate cancer. We highlight the most recent achievements in the identification of biomarkers provided by circulating monocytes and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We highlight that monocytes-derived and TAMs-derived biomarkers can enable to establish the missing links between genetic predisposition, hormonal metabolism and immune responses in prostate cancer.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1176.v1

Ex Vivo Drug Testing of Patient-Derived Lung Organoids to Predict Treatment Responses for Personalized Medicine

Chia-Nung Hung, Maddison Williams, Ryan Williams, Meizhen Chen, Samaneh Kamali, Vaishnavi Sambandam, Cheryl Hsiang-Ling Chiu, Pawel Osmulski, Maria Gaczynska, Daniel DeArmond, Christine Gaspard, Maria Macini, Lina Song, Lingtao Jin, Paolo Schiavini, Chun-Liang Chen, Josephine Taverna

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: lung cancer; organoid; drug screening; high throughput; translational; pre-clinical; clinical; tumor microenvironment; personalized medicine

Online: 16 June 2023 (08:42:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1101.v1

Identification of Diagnostic Metabolic Signatures in Thyroid Tumors using Mass Spectrometry Imaging

Xinxin Mao, Luojiao Huang, Tiegang Li, Abliz Zeper, Jiuming He, Jie Chen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: thyroid follicular adenoma; thyroid follicular carcinoma; mass spectrometry; tumor; diagnose; marker

Online: 15 June 2023 (08:13:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1035.v1

Integrating Single-Cell RNA-Seq and Bulk RNA-Seq to Explore the Key Role of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Breast Cancer

Yongxing Chen, Chenxin Jin, Jiaxue Cui, Yizhuo Diao, Ruiqi Wang, Rongxuan Xu, Zhihan Yao, Wei Wu, Xiaofeng Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Fatty Acid Metabolism; Immunotherapy; Breast cancer; Tumor microenvironment; Single-cell sequencing

Online: 14 June 2023 (09:40:33 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0994.v1

Multiple Roles of LOXL2 in the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Potential for Therapeutic Targeting

Jelena Radić, Bojana Kožik, Ivan Nikolić, Ivana Kolarov-Bjelobrk, Tijana Vasiljević, Bojana Vranjković, Sanja Despotović

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); LOXL2; tumor microenvironment (TME); extracellular matrix (ECM); LOXL2 inhibitors; target therapy

Online: 14 June 2023 (07:18:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0677.v1

Artificial Intelligence and Radiomics Applications in Neuro-endocrine Neoplasms (NENs): New Tools for Molecular Hybrid Imaging and Theragnostics Approaches

Michele Balma, Riccardo Laudicella, Elena Gallio, Sara Gusella, Leda Lorenzon, Simona Peano, Renato P. Costa, Osvaldo Rampado, Mohsen Farsad, Laura Evangelista, Desiree Deandreis, Alberto Papaleo, Virginia Liberini

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: neuroendocrine tumor; NET; machine-learning; nuclear medicine; theragnostics; PET; DOTA PET; radiomics

Online: 9 June 2023 (07:04:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0602.v1

Molecular Mechanisms for Targeting Metastatic Cancer Cells and to Overcome or Prevent Chemotherapy Resistance

Maryam Eslami, Ali Davarpanah, Amir Hossein Rismanbaf, Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary, Saeed Dorgaleleh, Omeed MemarSadeghi, Karim Nayernia, Babak Behnam

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Chemotherapy Resistance; Molecular Targeting; Signalling Pathway; Metastasis; Apoptosis; Tumor Microenvironment; Cancer Stemness

Online: 8 June 2023 (07:37:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0342.v1

A Comparative Study of Tumor-Specificity and Neurotoxicity Between 3-Styrylchromones and Anticancer Drugs

Tomoyuki Abe, Hiroshi Sakagami, Shigeru Amano, Shin Uota, Kenjiro Bandow, Yoshihiro Uesawa, Shiori U, Hiroki Shibata, Yuri Takemura, Yu Kimura, Koichi Takao, Yoshiaki Sugita, Akira Sato, Sei-ichi Tanuma, Hiroshi Takeshima

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: chromone derivatives; oral squamous cell carcinoma; tumor-specificity; keratinocyte toxicity; neurotoxicity; signaling pathway

Online: 5 June 2023 (15:45:48 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0263.v1

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of the Colorectal Cancer Tumor Stroma: Insights into Disease Progression and Therapeutic Targets

Nikolay Shakhpazyan, Liudmila Mikhaleva, Arcady L. Bedzhanyan, Zarina Gioeva, Nikolay Sadykhov, Alexander Mikhalev, Dmitri Atiakshin, Igor Buchwalow, Markus Tiemann, Alexander Orekhov

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Colorectal cancer; tumor stroma; gut microbiome; gut-associated lymphoid tissue; Wnt signaling pathway; tumor budding; Conserved Oncogenic Signatures; metastasis

Online: 5 June 2023 (08:09:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0090.v1

Hybrid PET/MRI in Neuro-oncology: Current Status and Perspectives

Karl-Josef Langen, Norbert Galldiks, Jörg Mauler, Martin Kocher, Christian P. Filss, Gabriele Stoffels, Claudia Regio-Brambilla, Carina Stegmayr, Antje Willuweit, Wieland A. Worthoff, Jon Shah, Christoph Lerche, Felix Mottaghy, Philipp Lohmann

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: brain tumor diagnosis; PET; radiolabeled amino acids; O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET); Hybrid PET/MRI; multimodal imaging

Online: 1 June 2023 (12:54:09 CEST)

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Advanced MRI methods and PET using radiolabeled amino acids provide valuable information in addition to conventional MR imaging for brain tumor diagnostics. These methods are particularly helpful in challenging situations such as the differentiation of malignant processes from benign lesions, the identification of non-enhancing glioma subregions, the differentiation of tumor progression from treatment-related changes, and the early assessment of response to anticancer therapy. The debate over which of the methods is preferable in which situation is ongoing and has been addressed in numerous studies. Currently, most radiology and nuclear medicine departments perform these examinations independently of each other leading to multiple examinations for the patient. The advent of hybrid PET/MRI allowed a convergence of the methods but to date simultaneous imaging has reached little relevance in clinical neuro-oncology. This is partly due to the limited availability of hybrid PET/MRI scanners, but is also due to the fact that PET is a second-line examination in brain tumors. PET is only required in equivocal situations, and spatial co-registration of PET examinations of the brain to previous MRI is possible without disadvantage. A key factor for the benefit of PET/MRI in neuro-oncology is a multimodal approach that provides decisive improvements in the diagnostics of brain tumors compared with a single modality. This systematic review focuses on studies that were able to demonstrate the additive value of amino acid PET and ‘advanced’ MRI in the diagnosis of brain tumors. Available studies suggest that the combination of amino acid PET and advanced MRI improves grading and the histomolecular characterization of newly diagnosed tumors. However, data concerning the delineation of tumor extent and biopsy guidance are of limited value. A clear additive diagnostic value of amino acid PET and advanced MRI can be achieved regarding the differentiation of tumor recurrence from treatment-related changes. Here, PET-guided evaluation of advanced MR methods seems to be helpful. In summary, there is growing evidence that a multimodal approach can achieve decisive improvements in the diagnostics of brain tumors, for which hybrid PET/MRI offers optimal conditions.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0071.v1

Clinical and Pathological Features of Osteosarcomas of the Jaws. A Retrospective Study

Jesus Rodriguez-Molinero, Jose Juan Pozo-Kreilinger, Juan-Antonio Ruiz-Roca, Antonio Francisco López-Sánchez, Jose Luis Cebrian-Carretero

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: osteosarcoma of the jaws; head and neck cancer; oral cancer; malignant bone tumor

Online: 1 June 2023 (08:49:20 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0045.v1

miRNAs: Potential as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Cancer

Atonu Chakrabortty, Daniel J Patton, Bruce F Smith, Payal Agarwal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: miRNAs; Cancer; oncomiRs; tumor suppressor miRNAs; biomarker; therapeutics

Online: 1 June 2023 (07:20:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2269.v1

Suppression of Nasopharyngeal and Gastric Tumors Growth in a Mouse Model by Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus LMP-1 Protein

Abdelhalim Khenchouche, Mounir M. Salem-Bekhit, Ahd Ahmed Mansour, Mohammad N. Alomary, Xiaohui Wang, Hayat Ali Alzahrani, Ibrahim M. Al Hosiny, Ehab I. Taha, Gamal A. Shazly, Yacine Benguerba, Karim Houali

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: EBV oncogenes; LMP1; Nasopharyngeal; gastric carcinomas; mouse model; tumor suppression and prevention

Online: 31 May 2023 (14:42:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2041.v1

Multimodal Effect of Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase Blocker Ouabain on the Tumor Microenvironment and Malignant Cells

Octavia-Oana Harich, Oana-Isabella Gavriliuc, Valentin-Laurentiu Ordodi, Alexandru Tirziu, Virgil Paunescu, Carmen Panaitescu, Maria-Florina Bojin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Ouabain; Na+/K+ ATPase; SK-BR-3 tumor cells; TAFs; MSC; molecular target

Online: 30 May 2023 (04:33:51 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1877.v1

From Dual Roles to Translational Challenges: Unpacking the Complexities of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Cancer Progression and Therapy

Shengwen Shao, HuiLai Miao, Wenxue Ma

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM); Tumor microenvironment (TME); Cytokine; Immunosuppression; Pro-tumor functions; Anti-tumor functions; Clinical application.

Online: 26 May 2023 (07:31:53 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1710.v1

Potential of Personalized Dendritic Cell-Based Immunohybridoma Vaccines to Treat Prostate Cancer

Simon Hawlina, Robert Zorec, Helena H. Chowdhury

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: prostate cancer; immunotherapy; dendritic cell-based vaccines; castration-resistant prostate cancer; tumor microenvironment; biomarkers

Online: 24 May 2023 (10:47:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1507.v1

Clinical Advances and Perspectives in Targeted Radionuclide Therapy

Nicolas Lepareur, Barthélémy Ramée, Marie Mougin-Degraef, Mickaël Bourgeois

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Radionuclide therapy; nuclear medicine; radiopharmaceutical; antibody; peptide; small molecule inhibitor; tumor; microenvironment

Online: 22 May 2023 (10:51:48 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1305.v1

Heat Shock Proteins Mediate Intercellular Communications within Tumor Microenvironment Cells through Extracellular Vesicles

Renata F. Saito, Maria Cristina Rangel, Andreia Hanada Otake, Camila Maria Longo Machado

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Heat-shock-protein; extracellular vesicles; reprograming tumors; tumor evolucionary pressure

Online: 18 May 2023 (08:46:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1304.v1

Molecular Networks of Platinum Drugs and Arsenic Trioxide and Its Interaction With microRNAs in Cancer

Shihori Tanabe, Eger Boonstra, Taehun Hong, Sabina Quader, Ryuichi Ono, Horacio Cabral, Kazuhiko Aoyagi, Hiroshi Yokozaki, Hiroki Sasaki

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: drug resistance; cisplatin; arsenic; tumor microenvironment; microRNA; molecular pathway network

Online: 18 May 2023 (08:41:46 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1239.v1

Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Biomarkers of Response in Lymphoma: A Case-Illustrated Narrative Review

Sarah Perdikis-Prati, Semira Sheikh, Bouroumeau Antonin, Noémie Lang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Hodgkin lymphoma; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PD1 / PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors; tumor mutational burden; predictive biomarkers

Online: 17 May 2023 (10:52:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1213.v1

Unravelling the Immune Microenvironment in Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications

Vasileios Georgoulis, Alexandra Papoudou-Bai, Alexandros Makis, Panagiotis Kanavaros, Eleftheria Hatzimichael

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: Hodgkin lymphoma; tumor microenvironment; tumor associated macrophages; CD169+ macrophages; immune evasion; immunosuppression

Online: 17 May 2023 (09:37:22 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1119.v1

Adult-Type Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Testis: A Report of a Case and a Discussion of the Literature

Georgios Zervopoulos, Nikolaos Mitsimponas, Filippos Venetsanos, Athanasios Papathanasis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: Testis; granulosa-cell tumor; adult–type; sex cord-stromal tumor of testis; testicular cancer

Online: 16 May 2023 (07:27:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0844.v1

A VEGFB-Based Peptidomimetic Inhibits VEGFR2-Mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR and PLCγ/ERK Signaling and Elicits Apoptotic, Antiangiogenic, and Antitumor Activities

Mohadeseh Namjoo, Hossein Ghafoori, Elham Assareh, Amir Reza Aref, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Ali Hamrahi Mohsen, Saeed Balalaei, Sylvain Broussy, S. Mohsen Asghari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Peptidomimetic; VEGFR2; Angiogenesis; Tumor suppression; PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway; PLCγ/ERK signaling pathway

Online: 11 May 2023 (10:57:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0705.v1

Contrast-enhanced Liver MR Synthesis using Gradient Regularized Multi-Modal Multi-Discrimination Sparse Attention Fusion GAN

Changzhe Jiao, Diane Ling, Shelly Bian, April Vassantachart, Karen Cheng, Shahil Mehta, Derrick Lock, Zhenyu Zhu, Mary Feng, Horatio Thomas, Jessica E Scholey, Ke Sheng, Zhaoyang Fan, Wensha Yang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: MR synthesis, GAN, multi-modal fusion, tumor monitoring, contrast enhancement

Online: 10 May 2023 (08:10:11 CEST)

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Purposes: To provide abdominal contrast-enhanced MR image synthesis, we developed an image gradient regularized multi-modal multi-discrimination sparse-attention fusion generative adversarial network (GRMM-GAN) to avoid repeated contrast injections to patients and facilitate adaptive monitoring. Methods: With IRB approval, 165 abdominal MR studies from 61 liver cancer patients were retrospectively solicited from our institutional database. Each study included T2, T1 pre-contrast (T1pre), and T1 contrast-enhanced (T1ce) images. The GRMM-GAN synthesis pipeline consists of a sparse attention fusion network, an image gradient regularizer (GR), and a generative adversarial network with multi-discrimination. The studies were randomly divided into 115 for training, 20 for validation, and 30 for testing. The two pre-contrast MR modalities, T2 and T1pre images, were adopted as inputs in the training phase. The T1ce image at the portal venous phase was used as an output. The synthesized T1ce images were compared with the ground truth T1ce images. The evaluation metrics include peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural-similarity-index (SSIM), and mean-squared-error (MSE). A Turing test and experts’ contours evaluated the image synthesis quality. Results: The proposed GRMM-GAN model achieved a PSNR of 28.56, an SSIM of 0.869, and an MSE of 83.27. The proposed model showed statistically significant improvements in all metrics tested with p-values <0.05 over the state-of-the-art model comparisons. The average Turing test score was 52.33%, close to random guessing, supporting the model's effectiveness for clinical application. In the tumor-specific region analysis, the average tumor contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the synthesized MR images was not statistically significant from the real MR images. The average DICE from real vs. synthetic images was 0.90, compared to the inter-operator DICE of 0.91. Conclusion: We demonstrated the function of a novel multi-modal MR image synthesis neural network, GRMM-GAN, for T1ce MR synthesis based on pre-contrast T1 and T2 MR images. GRMM-GAN shows promise for avoiding repeated contrast injections during radiation therapy treatment.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0526.v1

Immuno-Contexture and Immune Checkpoint Molecule Expression in Microsatellite Stable/Mismatch Repair Proficient Colorectal Carcinoma

Mauro Giacomelli, Matilde Monti, Diego Cesare Pezzola, Silvia Lonardi, Mattia Bugatti, Francesco Missale, Rossella Cioncada, Laura Melocchi, Viviana Giustini, Vincenzo Villanacci, Carla Baronchelli, Stefania Manenti, Luisa Imberti, Emanuele Giurisato, William Vermi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Colorectal cancer; mismatch repair; microsatellite instability; immune checkpoint; double negative T cells; tumor microenvironment; T-cell exhaustion; interferon-γ; PD-L1

Online: 8 May 2023 (10:53:18 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0442.v1

Gold Nanoparticle-Based Microfluidics Chips for Capture and Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells

Valber A. Pedrosa, Kangfu Chen, Z. Hugh Fan

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Circulating tumor cells; gold nanoparticles; microfluidics; cell capture

Online: 8 May 2023 (04:41:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0406.v1

Single Droplet Microsensor for Ultra-Short Circulating EFGR Mutations Detection in Lung Cancer Based on Multiplex EFIRM Liquid Biopsy

Fang Wei, Peter Yu, Jordan Cheng, Feng Li, David Chia, David T.W. Wong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Biosensors; ultra-short circulating tumor DNA; Lung Cancer; Liquid biopsy; EGFR

Online: 6 May 2023 (09:44:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0400.v1

In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of a Stroma Targeted, Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Oncolytic Adenovirus in Different Preclinical Models of Cancer

Ana Alfano, Eduardo G. A Cafferata, Mariela Gangemi, Alejandro Nicola Candia, Cristian M Malnero, Ismael Bermudez, Gregorio David Rios, Cecilia Rotondaro, Nicasio Cuneo, David T Curiel, Osvaldo L Podhajcer, Maria Veronica Lopez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: transcriptionally targeted oncolytic adenovirus; gynecologic cancer; human samples; cytokines; ovarian cancer; tumor stroma

Online: 6 May 2023 (09:25:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1090.v1

Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and PD-L1 Expression in Pleomorphic Lobular Breast Carcinoma

Menekse Göker, Koen Van de Vijver, Hannelore Denys, Geert Braems, Jo Van Dorpe, Liv Veldeman, Glenn Vergauwen, Chris Monten, Eline Naert, Rudy Van Den Broecke, Stephanie Deblaere

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Invasive lobular cancer; pleomorphic invasive lobular cancer; tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; programmed cell death 1; programmed cell death ligand 1; 22C3 assay; SP142 assay; survival

Online: 28 April 2023 (03:22:03 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0982.v1

Molecular Mechanisms Driven by MT4-MMP in Cancer Progression

Emma Muñoz-Sáez, Natalia Moracho, Ana I. R. Learte, Alice Collingnon, Alicia G. Arroyo, Agnés Noel, Nor Eddine Sounni, Cristina Sánchez-Camacho

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: MT4-MMP; MMP-17; development; vasculature; tumor; cancer cell; malignancy; therapy; bi-omarker

Online: 26 April 2023 (11:19:22 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0928.v1

Neutrophils in Cancer and Potential Therapeutic Strategies using Neutrophil-derived Exosomes

Abhishek Dutta, Shrikrishna Bhagat, Swastika Paul, Jonathan P Katz, Debomita Sengupta, Dharmendra Bhargava

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Neutrophils; Tumor associated neutrophils; neutrophil derived exosomes; immune suppression; metastasis; tumor microenvironment; Neutrophil extracellular trap; Trogocytosis; ADCC and ADCP

Online: 25 April 2023 (13:36:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0920.v1

Unveiling the Potential of BenzylethyleneAryl-Urea Scaffolds for Designing of new Onco Immunomodulating Agents

Raquel Gil-Edo, Santiago Royo, Miguel Carda, Eva Falomir

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Aryl urea, angiogenesis, PD-L1, VEGFR-2, immune checkpoints, CD-11b, CD-80, THP-1, HT-29, co-cultures, tumor microenvironment.

Online: 25 April 2023 (10:23:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0625.v1

Clinical Use of Cisplatin Liposomes for Patients With Refractory Advanced Cancer

Yasuo Komura, Shintarou Kimura, Tomoko Katagiri, Yumi Hirasawa, Misaki Hirayama, Tomonori Okuda, Hiromi Muranishi, Koichiro Homma

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: adverse drug reaction; cisplatin liposomes; circulating tumor cells; enhanced permeability and retention effect; nephrotoxicity; pulmonary metastasis of pancreatic cancer; quality of life; recurrent liver metastases from primary nasal cancer

Online: 20 April 2023 (07:52:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0538.v1

The Roles of Ral-Interacting Protein 76 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Ovarian Corpus Luteum and Tumor Microenvironment

Tae-Hee Min, Seunghyung Lee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Ral-interacting protein 76; vascular endothelial growth factor; small GTPase; hypoxia-inducible factor-1; corpus luteum; tumor

Online: 19 April 2023 (04:10:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0340.v1

Unraveling the Hidden Impact of Tumor Microenvironment: Insights into Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Oncology in Tanzania: Integrated Review

Samson Peter Mvandal, Wende Mlonganile

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Africa; cancer; immunotherapy; oncology; Tanzania; therapeutic; tumor microenvironment

Online: 14 April 2023 (03:30:46 CEST)

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The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in cancer progression and treatment outcomes. Despite advances in cancer research, many therapeutic strategies have failed to provide the desired clinical outcomes. In this integrated review, aimed to explore the role of TME in cancer biology and develop novel therapeutic strategies that target not only cancer cells but also the surrounding microenvironment. Study conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for articles published between 2016 and 2022. Inclusion of articles that discussed the impact of TME on cancer development and progression, as well as articles that proposed novel therapeutic strategies targeting the TME. The analysis of the literature revealed that the TME plays a crucial role in cancer development and progression by promoting cancer cell survival, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis, and by interfering with the efficacy of cancer therapies. The TME is composed of a complex network of non-cancerous cells, extracellular matrix components, and signaling molecules that interact with cancer cells. Several novel therapeutic strategies have been proposed based on the modulation of TME components. One of the most promising approaches is the use of immunotherapy, which aims to enhance the immune system's ability to recognize and attack cancer cells. Immunotherapy drugs such as checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and immune-stimulatory monoclonal antibodies have been approved for the treatment of different cancer types. These approaches have shown promising results in preclinical studies and clinical trials. The TME plays a critical role in cancer development and progression, and targeting its components represents a promising avenue for cancer therapy. Novel therapeutic strategies such as immunotherapy, extracellular matrix-targeting drugs, and nanoparticle-based therapies have shown promising results in preclinical studies and clinical trials. However, further research is needed to identify the most effective strategies and to overcome the challenges associated with TME targeting.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0315.v1

Current Status and De Novo Synthesis of Anti-Tumor Alkaloids in Nicotiana: A Mini-Review

Md. Ahsan Habib, Md. Mobinul Islam, Md. Mukul Islam, Md. Mohidul Hasan, Kwang-Hyun Baek

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Nicotiana; alkaloids; anti-tumor; metabolic engineering; de-novo synthesis ;

Online: 13 April 2023 (08:53:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0166.v1

Glutathione Modulates Efficacious Changes in the Immune Response Against Tuberculosis

Arbi Abnousian, Joshua Vasquez, Kayvan Sasaninia, Melissa Kelley, Vishwanath Venketaraman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: glutathione; tuberculosis; mycobacteria; interferons; interleukins; tumor necrosis factor; trans-forming growth factor

Online: 10 April 2023 (10:16:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0146.v2

Mathematical Modeling of Dynamics of Cancer Invasion in Human Body Tissues

Dinnah Mogire, Joash Kerongo, Vincent Bulinda

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Applied Mathematics Keywords: Cancer cells; Finite Difference Method; tumor growth

Online: 10 April 2023 (09:38:08 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0203.v2

Neural Induction, Embryogenesis, and Tumorigenesis

Ying Cao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: neural induction; embryogenesis; tumorigenesis; neural stemness; tumorigenicity; pluripotency; epithelial-mesenchymal transition; tumor microenvironment

Online: 9 March 2023 (06:57:01 CET)

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Characterization of cancer cells and neural stem cells indicates that tumorigenicity and pluripotency are coupled cell properties determined by neural stemness, and tumorigenesis represents a process of progressive loss of original cell identity and gain of neural stemness. This reminds of a most fundamental process required for the development of the nervous system and body axis during embryogenesis, i.e., embryonic neural induction. Neural induction is that, in response to extracellular signals that are secreted by the Spemann-Mangold organizer in amphibians or the node in mammals and inhibit epidermal fate in ectoderm, the ectodermal cells lose their epidermal fate and assume the neural default fate and consequently, turn into neuroectodermal cells. They further differentiate into the nervous system and also some non-neural cells via interaction with adjacent tissues. Failure in neural induction leads to failure of embryogenesis, and ectopic neural induction due to ectopic organizer or node activity or activation of embryonic neural genes causes a formation of secondary body axis or a conjoined twin. During tumorigenesis, cells progressively lose their original cell identity and gain of neural stemness, and consequently, gain of tumorigenicity and pluripotency, due to various intra-/extracellular insults in cells of a postnatal animal. Tumorigenic cells can be induced to differentiation into normal cells and integrate into normal embryonic development within an embryo. However, they form tumors and cannot integrate into animal tissues/organs in a postnatal animal because of lack of embryonic inducing signals. Combination of studies of developmental and cancer biology indicates that neural induction drives embryogenesis in gastrulating embryos but a similar process drives tumorigenesis in a postnatal animal. Tumorigenicity is the manifestation of aberrant occurrence of pluripotent state in a postnatal animal. Pluripotency and tumorigenicity are both but different manifestations of neural stemness in pre- and postnatal stage, respectively, of animal life. The unique property of neural stemness is derived from the evolutionary advantage of neural genes and the neural-biased state of the last common unicellular ancestors of metazoan. Based on these findings, I discuss about some confusion in cancer research, propose to distinguish the causality and associations and discriminate causal and supporting factors involved in tumorigenesis, and suggest revisiting the focus of cancer research.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0147.v1

An In-Vitro Approach to Model EMT in Breast Cancer

Lorenz Isert, Aditi Mehta, Gabriele Loiudice, Altea Oliva, Andreas Roidl, Olivia Merkel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: breast cancer; EMT; tumor microenvironment; collagen coatings; EMT-phenotyping; shape factors

Online: 8 March 2023 (06:29:48 CET)

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