Rhabdomyosarcoma: Current Therapy, Challenges, and Future Approaches to Treatment Strategies

Ali Zarrabi; David Perrin; Mahboubeh Kavoosi; Micah Sommer; Serap Sezen; Parvaneh Mehrbod; Bhavya Bhushan; Filip Machaj; Jakub Rosik; Philip Kawalec; Saba Afifi; Seyed Mohammadreza Bolandi; Peyman Koleini; Mohsen Taheri; Tayyebeh Madrakian; Marek Jan Łos; Benjamin Lindsey; Nilufer Cakir; Atefeh Zarepour; Kiavash Hushmandi; Ali Fallah; Bahattin Koc; Mazaher Ahmadi; Susan E. Logue; Gorka Orive; Stevan Pecic; Joseph W. Gordon; Saeid Ghavami

doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0846.v1

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Zarrabi, A.; Perrin, D.; Kavoosi, M.; Sommer, M.; Sezen, S.; Mehrbod, P.; Bhushan, B.; Machaj, F.; Rosik, J.; Kawalec, P.; Afifi, S.; Bolandi, S.M.; Koleini, P.; Taheri, M.; Madrakian, T.; Łos, M.J.; Lindsey, B.; Cakir, N.; Zarepour, A.; Hushmandi, K.; Fallah, A.; Koc, B.; Khosravi, A.; Ahmadi, M.; Logue, S.; Orive, G.; Pecic, S.; Gordon, J.W.; Ghavami, S. Rhabdomyosarcoma: Current Therapy, Challenges, and Future Approaches to Treatment Strategies. Cancers 2023, 15, 5269. Zarrabi, A.; Perrin, D.; Kavoosi, M.; Sommer, M.; Sezen, S.; Mehrbod, P.; Bhushan, B.; Machaj, F.; Rosik, J.; Kawalec, P.; Afifi, S.; Bolandi, S.M.; Koleini, P.; Taheri, M.; Madrakian, T.; Łos, M.J.; Lindsey, B.; Cakir, N.; Zarepour, A.; Hushmandi, K.; Fallah, A.; Koc, B.; Khosravi, A.; Ahmadi, M.; Logue, S.; Orive, G.; Pecic, S.; Gordon, J.W.; Ghavami, S. Rhabdomyosarcoma: Current Therapy, Challenges, and Future Approaches to Treatment Strategies. Cancers 2023, 15, 5269.

Abstract

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare cancer arising in skeletal muscle that typically impacts children and young adults. It is a worldwide challenge in child health as treatment outcomes for metastatic and recurrent disease still pose a major concern for both basic and clinical scientists. The treatment strategies for rhabdomyosarcoma include multi-agent chemotherapies after surgical resection with or without ionization radiotherapy. In this comprehensive review, we first provide a detailed clinical understanding of rhabdomyosarcoma including its classification and subtypes, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. Later we focus on chemotherapy strategies for this childhood sarcoma and discuss the impact of three mechanisms that are involved in chemotherapy response including apoptosis, macro-autophagy, and the unfolded protein response. Finally, we discuss in vivo mouse and zebrafish models, and in vitro 3-dimensional bioengineering models of Rhabdomyosarcoma to screen future therapeutic approaches and promote muscle regeneration.

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Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Rhabdomyosarcoma: Current Therapy, Challenges, and Future Approaches to Treatment Strategies

Abstract

Keywords

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