Abstract: Ozone (O₃) is a potent disinfectant, yet its efficacy in environmentally complex waters can be inconsistent. This study investigated the effectiveness of ozonation across 14 water samples (wells, rainwater, ponds) and identified key success factors. Ozone exposure (1-20 min) significantly reduced colony-forming units (CFU) in most samples, achieving complete elimination in four. However, two high-organic-load samples showed minimal change. Physicochemical analyses revealed a strong correlation between increased Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) and disinfection success. We observed that the efficient generation of ozone microbubbles was the critical factor in raising the ORP to lethal levels (> ~450 mV). A paradigmatic case was sample 2, where the elimination of total coliforms (98.7%) only occurred in replicates where microbubbles formed (ORP >520 mV), failing in the replicate without microbubbles (ORP 122 mV). Mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) identified genera such as Pseudomonas and Bacillus, indicating the presence of microbial diversity. We conclude that ozo-nation is highly effective, but its success depends on optimizing mass transfer via microbubbles, with ORP as a fundamental real-time indicator to ensure process reliability. This study offers a practical guideline for implementing more robust and safer ozone systems, overcoming limitations observed in waters with complex contamination.

Abstract: Abdominal radiographs remain a widely used first-line investigation for both acute and chronic abdominal conditions. In routine clinical practice, they often reveal findings unrelated to the patient’s presenting complaint. While many of these are benign or reflect normal anatomical variation, they can sometimes resemble significant disease and lead to unnecessary investigations, patient anxiety, and added healthcare costs. This review presents a practical approach to interpreting such incidental findings, using a simple classification based on their radiographic appearance. These include calcifications, gas patterns, soft tissue and organ-related findings, as well as foreign bodies and procedure-related materials. Common examples, such as phleboliths, costal cartilage calcifications, gallstones, and vascular calcifications, are discussed, along with important mimics, such as pseudopneumoperitoneum. Normal variants, including Riedel’s lobe, renal anomalies, and bowel malposition, are also described. Attention is given to recognising typical imaging appearances and avoiding common sources of error in interpretation. The continued importance of abdominal radiography in settings with limited access to advanced imaging is also acknowledged. Selected radiographic examples are included to support pattern recognition and day-to-day clinical application. A clear, structured approach allows incidental findings to be interpreted with greater confidence and guides appropriate clinical decisions. This reduces unnecessary imaging, limits patient anxiety, and supports more effective and focused patient care.

Abstract: Acute and chronic diseases such as sepsis, trauma, cancer cachexia, heart failure, COPD, and organ failure share a common metabolic feature: the hypercatabolic state (HCS). HCS is driven by systemic inflammation and neuroendocrine activation, leading to a marked increase in basal metabolic rate, a profound energy deficit, and accelerated skeletal muscle proteolysis with concomitant anabolic resistance. In this context, skeletal muscle functions as a reservoir of amino acids (AAs), which are mobilized to sustain energy production, gluconeogenesis, and biosynthetic processes essential for immune and organ function. If inadequately addressed, this metabolic adaptation results in loss of lean body mass, sarcopenia, and cachexia, conditions that independently worsen clinical outcomes. Standardized protein recommendations are often insufficient due to the high interindividual variability of metabolic responses in HCS. Moreover, AAs are not metabolically equivalent: beyond serving as substrates, they act as signaling molecules (metabokines) that regulate key metabolic pathways. This underscores the limitation of calorie-centered nutritional strategies, which fail to capture the functional and regulatory roles of proteins and AAs. This narrative review highlights the need for an integrated nutritional paradigm that jointly considers energy intake, protein quality, AAs composition, and individual physiology to optimize metabolic management in hypercatabolic conditions.

Abstract: The Universe has two domains: Life and Non-Life, which manifest the dimensionless relativity ratio with basic codes. For life is a/b = a/(1-a) = (1-b)/b (Floating Ratio), and for Non-Life is a/b = (a + b)/a = 1 + b/a (Golden Ratio). Life and Non-Life can be connected and co-exist by the two fractional distribution functions of “1”.The Mass Action Law (MAL) Median Effect Principle leads to the Unified General Dynamics Theory and algorithm, which provides an interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary common linkage of parameters for computerized digital research and development informatics.

Abstract: Background: Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is characterised by profound metabolic reprogramming, yet no single biomarker reliably distinguishes disease entities, stages or sex-specific risk profiles. By integrating serum metabolomic signatures as a liquid biopsy with tumour-associated CSC marker profiles in a sex-stratified analytical framework, we aimed to identify biologically meaningful differences and improve strategies for early, presymptomatic detection of SLD progression and HCC. Methods: The present study focuses on a targeted panel of strongly dysregulated serum metabolites as candidate biomarkers of disease progression, quantified by NMR-based metabolomics and ELISA and complemented by CSC marker staining. We combined these NMR-based metabolomic ‘liquid biopsy’ data with circulating tumour-associated biomarkers, MELD-based risk assessment and tissue-level CSC marker expression across MetALD, MASLD, immune-mediated and cancerogenic liver disease, HCC and healthy controls. Results: Female MetALD patients showed the second highest mortality after HCC, with lower survival than male cancer patients, despite MELD 3.0 assigning ~50% higher scores in women. MetALD mortality clustered with GP73, CD44, metabolomics and AA/3HB ratio, indicating a distinct, high-risk female phenotype. Conclusion: Integrating liquid-based metabolomic profiling, AA/3HB redox assessment, CSC markers and MELD 3.0 into sex-sensitive diagnostic pathways may improve early detection and risk stratification of alcohol-associated CLD, especially in women.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Celiac disease (CD) is a T-cell mediated autoimmune condition, triggered by gluten ingestion. Duodenal biopsy is the gold-standard diagnosis for CD, which is often limited by interobserver variability between pathologists. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a powerful technique for detecting biomarkers with potential diagnostic significance. This study aims to investigate five candidate biomarkers BTNL8, NKp46, TdT, THEMIS, and TCRδ that might improve the reproducibility of the diagnosis of CD. Methods: Formalin fixed paraffin-embedded material, surplus to diagnostic requirements was obtained from 46 subjects (untreated CD: n=21, CD treated with gluten-free diet: n=5; controls: n=20) and immunostained for BTNL8, NKp46, TdT, THEMIS and TCRδ. BTNL8 staining was scored on a 0-3 semi-quantitative scale. NKp46, TdT, THEMIS, and TCR delta-positive intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IELs) were quantified as mean counts per 100 epithelial cells (ECs). Results: TCRδ-positive IELs were markedly elevated in CD biopsies (median 9.4 IELs/100 ECs) compared to healthy controls (median 0.5 IELs/100 ECs; p<0.001), with a threshold of >2.1 TCRδ-positive IELs per 100 ECs yielding an AUC of 94% and interobserver agreement of 0.82. NKp46 expression was also increased in CD (median 13.8 IELs/100 ECs) versus controls (median 9.6; p<0.001), with >12.8 NKp46-positive IELs per 100 ECs achieving an AUC of 86% and interobserver agreement of 0.82. Immunostaining for the other biomarkers demonstrated less clear differences between CD and healthy controls. Conclusions: Corroborating several recent publications, TCRδ immunostaining provides high diagnostic accuracy and good interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of CD on duodenal biopsy, even for patients on a gluten-free diet.

Abstract: Ring chromosome 14 (RC14) syndrome is an ultra-rare disorder characterized by drug-resistant epilepsy, intellectual disabilities, autism, and recurrent infections, sug-gesting a possible underlying immune dysregulation. We analyzed immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation in six RC14 patients and compared it with age-matched healthy controls using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with fluorescence detection (FLR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spec-trometry (ESI-MS). Patients showed decreased galactosylation and sialylation, resembling pro-inflammatory patterns observed in autoimmune diseases. These alterations were not observed in total serum glycoproteins, indicating a selective effect on IgG. One patient treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) showed clinical improvement, which led us to investigate around causality.

Abstract: Several lipid-management guidelines now favor non-fasting lipid measurements for cardiovascular risk assessment. In parallel, this review evaluated the potential clinical utility of non-fasting glucose measures for disease diagnosis and risk prediction. Postprandial plasma glucose measured 4–7.9 hours after a meal (PPG_4–7.9h) shows relative stability within this window and appears to be a promising marker for diagnosing diabetes and predicting mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. Similarly, 2-hour plasma glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test performed 4–7.9 hours after a meal (2-h PGOGTT_4–7.9h) demonstrates diagnostic and prognostic value, particularly for diabetes and cardiovascular mortality. Notably, the diagnostic and predictive performance of these non-fasting measures is not inferior to that of traditional fasting glucose assessments. Mechanistically, postprandial hyperglycemia may contribute to CVD through increased oxidative stress and inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and promotion of atherogenesis and thrombogenesis. It may also increase cancer risk via oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin-mediated cellular proliferation. In addition, it may enhance lipogenesis to form membrane lipids supporting tumor growth. Further research is required to establish the clinical applicability, optimal thresholds, and generalizability of these non-fasting glucose measures.

Abstract: A genuinely responsive virtual cell must capture the nonequilibrium dynamics of living systems, not merely infer cellular states through statistical projection. This in turn requires balanced physical fidelity between the representation of interior dynamics and environmental coupling. Standard thermostats and barostats are phantom baths: algorithmic reservoirs that impose instantaneous, global control in place of physically mediated exchange. They thereby distort broad classes of cellular processes that depend on localized transport of heat, momentum, and matter. As path-integral methods, AI force fields, and quantum computing push interior fidelity to progressively higher levels of accuracy, this imbalance becomes increasingly consequential. To clarify what is at stake across the full range of virtual-cell approaches, this perspective introduces the physical-fidelity continuum, spanning predictive-statistical models, mechanistic dynamical simulations, and the physical-accuracy limit set by quantum-computational approximations and available experimental validation. A focus-dynamic hybrid architecture and benchmark hierarchy are proposed as the constructive framework for achieving and verifying balanced physical fidelity.

Abstract: The scientific foundations of sport‑training methodology are commonly attributed to physiological principles; however, the extent to which these principles directly inform practical training models remains unclear. This narrative review examines the historical development of training theory—from early adaptology and integrative physiology to contemporary molecular discoveries in muscle biology—and evaluates their relevance to strength development. Strength expression is shown to be highly variable, influenced by neural, mechanical, technical, and psychological factors, challenging the traditional reliance on fixed percentages of maximal strength for training prescription. Additional complexities arise from individual response variability, performance plateaus, and the interference between molecular pathways activated by strength and endurance training. Emerging artificial intelligence systems offer new opportunities for individualized training optimization, injury prediction, and motor‑learning analysis, while advances in brain decoding technologies highlight the potential role of willpower and cognitive processes in strength expression. Overall, current training methodologies remain partly speculative, and substantial research is required to more clearly connect physiological mechanisms with practical training applications.

Abstract: Wildlife plays a vital role in maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity, relying on habitats that provide shelter, food, and essential resources. This study investigated wildlife distribution and diversity across the REDD+ program area in Cambodia’s Prey Lang Wildlife Sanctuary, a lowland evergreen forest ecosystem, and assessed the effects of forest habitats and anthropogenic pressure on their distribution. We used square transects for sampling and ArcGIS to calculate forest cover and distance to the nearest village as a proxy for human impact. Overall, we recorded seven mammals and two birds, with the great hornbill most frequently detected, followed by pileated gibbon, wild pig, long-tailed macaque, green peafowl, northern red muntjac, and Indochinese silvered langur; gaur and sambar deer were least detected. Wildlife richness and abundance were higher in evergreen-dominated habitats than in mixed deciduous-evergreen forests. Certain K-selected species, including pileated gibbon, Indochinese silvered langur, and great hornbill, were highly specialized and preferred intact forests, whereas generalist species such as northern red muntjac, long-tailed macaque, and wild pig showed ecological flexibility in habitat use. These findings emphasize tailored conservation strategies: protecting intact evergreen forests via REDD+ supports specialized species, while adaptive management in mosaic landscapes benefits generalists, enhancing wildlife conservation and sustainable management of Prey Lang Wildlife Sanctuary.

Abstract: Hyaluronic acid (HA), a key component of the endometrial extracellular matrix, has been proposed to enhance embryo implantation when added to transfer media. However, its clinical benefit in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles remains uncertain. This prospective controlled non-randomized cohort study evaluated the association between HA-enriched transfer medium and reproductive outcomes in a North African IVF center. A total of 692 women undergoing autologous FET with a single frozen–thawed grade 4AA blastocyst were included: 395 in the HA group and 297 in the control group. The primary outcome was clinical pregnancy, defined as the presence of a gestational sac with fetal cardiac activity at 6–8 weeks of gestation. The secondary outcome was miscarriage before 22 weeks. Clinical pregnancy rates were similar between groups (33.1% vs. 34.0%; RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.75–1.37; p = 0.81), as were miscarriage rates (12.1% vs. 11.8%; RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.58–1.78; p = 0.98). Multivariable analysis showed no significant association between HA use and clinical pregnancy (adjusted OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.73–1.37; p = 0.98). Although the confidence intervals exclude a major clinical benefit, the study was not powered to detect modest differences. These findings do not support routine HA use in unselected FET cycles.

Abstract: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains one of the most devastating gastrointestinal emergencies in neonates and also presents major diagnostic challenges. Despite extensive research, NEC still lacks a practical definition and relies on a set of nonspecific clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings rather than a single pathognomonic presentation or test. The modified Bell staging system remains the most widely used framework in clinical practice and research, but it was originally developed to base the treatment decisions rather than helping in diagnosis and has important limitations when applied as a diagnostic aid. Clinical and radiological criteria used for early stages of NEC are nonspecific, progression of the disease is not always linear, radiographic signs are inconsistently present, and histopathological confirmation is unavailable in most of the cases as surgery is not undertaken in all the cases. These limitations have led to the opinion that even the modified Bell staging is “broken” when it is used to define the disease itself. At the same time, increased understanding about gut immunity and microbiome progression, and neonatal hemodynamics have made it increasingly clear that NEC is not a single uniform disease. It is now regarded as a heterogeneous syndrome comprising multiple phenotypes that share a final common pathway of intestinal injury and necrosis but differ in timing, predisposing factors, mechanisms involved, and clinical course. These presentations overlap with several neonatal conditions including spontaneous intestinal perforation, septic ileus, cow’s milk protein allergy, congenital heart disease-related intestinal hypoperfusion, viral enterocolitis, malrotation with volvulus, and intussusception. This review discusses controversies in the definition and staging of NEC, consolidates alternative diagnostic criteria proposed beyond Bell’s system, and elaborates a phenotype-based framework for clinical distinction. Also, the review throws light on the clinical mimickers, practical bedside diagnosis using serial clinical assessment and imaging, consequences of NEC, and emerging precision medicine approaches. A shift from stage-based labeling toward a practical, phenotype-informed framework may improve diagnostic precision, reduce misclassification, and enhance both clinical care and research.

Abstract: Background: Currently marketed hepatitis B vaccines are primarily recombinant protein vaccines. However, their antigen immunogenicity is relatively weak, requiring combination with effective adjuvants to enhance the immune response. The development of novel, highly effective adjuvants is a key strategy for optimizing vaccine performance. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C), a synthetic double-stranded RNA analog, activates TLR3/RLR pathways to enhance T-cell priming and cellular immunity. However, its utility as a sole adjuvant is limited by rapid nuclease degradation and poor cytosolic delivery. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), a mature delivery platform, enable high encapsulation efficiency, efficient cellular uptake, and endosomal escape. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the adjuvant effect of LNP-encapsulated PolyI:C (LNP-PolyI:C) on the immunogenicity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in vivo. Methods: The colloidal stability of LNP-PolyI:C stored at 2–8°C for 9 months was monitored using dynamic light scattering (DLS) on a Zetasizer Lab instrument. Serum levels of HBsAg-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies in immunized Kunming mice were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The secretion of HBsAg-specific cytokines by splenocytes was analyzed using flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay. Results: The results demonstrated that the LNP-encapsulated PolyI:C adjuvant significantly increased the secretion of HBsAg-specific IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α by murine splenocytes, indicating a Th1-biased and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated cellular immune response. In addition, this formulation markedly elevated serum titers of HBsAg-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a. Notably, the increased IgG2a/IgG1 ratio highlights a robust enhancement of the humoral immune response. Conclusions: These findings underscore the advantages of the LNP-PolyI:C adjuvant in enhancing both humoral and cellular immunity, demonstrating its considerable potential as a novel adjuvant.

Abstract: Periodontal disease (PD) affects a large proportion of adults and is increasingly associated with systemic inflammation and neurodegenerative risk. However, current therapies have limited efficacy in disrupting biofilms and modulating systemic responses. In this pilot study, we evaluated epigallocatechin-3-gallate-palmitate (EGCG-palmitate or EC16) nanoparticles (NPs), a lipid-soluble derivative of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), generated using Facilitated Self-Assembling Technology (FAST), a green nanotechnology that enables spontaneous formation of stable nanoparticles without surfactants or carrier materials. We hypothesized that EC16 NPs could inhibit periodontal pathogens and modulate neuroinflammatory responses. Antimicrobial activity was assessed in vitro, and potential therapeutic effects were evaluated in a ligature + pathogen-induced mouse model of periodontitis. EC16 NPs inhibited the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Oral administration of EC16 NPs (0.02% w/v equivalent to 16-20 mg/kg) significantly reduced bacterial load and decreased alveolar bone loss by approximately 50% compared with controls. Importantly, biodistribution analysis using Cy5-labeled EC16 NPs demonstrated detectable signals in mouse brain tissue following oral gavage, indicating EC16 NPs can cross the blood–brain barrier. This represents, to our knowledge, the first evidence that an orally administered EGCG derivative in nanoparticle form reaches the central nervous system and induces biological responses. In addition, EC16 NP treatment was associated with increased regulatory T cell (Treg) populations in cervical lymph nodes and reduced expression of inflammatory (IL-1β) and senescence-related markers (p16, p53) in brain tissue. These findings demonstrate that EC16 nanoparticles possess dual local and systemic activity and support further investigation of FAST-enabled nanoformulations as a novel therapeutic strategy for periodontal disease and inflammation-related brain conditions.

Abstract:

Introduction: The use of medicinal plants to cure human diseases is going on since the development of human civilization. Also, the discovery of antibiotics had profound impact to reduced death rates against various pathogens but due to rise of resistance against these antibiotics are serious threats for human health. Henceforth, the world is looking for alternative approach and the use of active plant metabolites are one of them. Multidrug resistant Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (MDR STEC) are life threatening microorganisms worldwide and their ability to produce aggregated biofilm makes them tolerant to many antibiotics used for treating STEC infections. In this study effect of plant metabolites were studied against MDR STEC samples. Methods: The different parts of 10 medicinal plants reported from central India were used in this study. Extract preparation and active fractions were used to test antimicrobial activity against MDR-STEC through measuring zone of inhibition. The biofilm structure was observed using electron microscopy. Results: Total 20 MDR STECs were identified out of 100 STEC samples. The intimin (eae) gene responsible for drug resistance was present in 18 (90%) MDR STEC samples. STEC were producing more aggregated biofilm layer as compare to sensitive E. coli. The plant extracts isolated from Acacia auriculiformis, Albizia lebbeck and Gliricidia sepium showed significantly high antimicrobial activity against MDR STEC as compared to various antibiotics. Conclusions: The study will be helpful to develop new or alternate antimicrobial agents and therapy against MDR STEC by using metabolites from medicinal plants.

Abstract: The effects of the rust fungus Puccinia komarovii Tranzschel and the aphid Impatientinum asiaticum Nevsky 1929 on plant height, seed number per capsule, and seed mass were investigated in eight small balsam (Impatiens parviflora DC.) stands in Hungary and one in Poland. Two stands were infected by rust, five by aphids, and two were healthy. The lowest average plant height was 37.5 cm, the highest 94.7 cm, both measured in aphid-infested stands. Examining the stands separately, no relationship appeared with the type of damage. For data pooled across stands, differences were significant: rust-infected plants were the tallest, healthy shoots were the shortest, while aphid-infected plants fell in between. Mean seed number per capsule was the lowest (1.53) in the pest-free Nagybörzsöny stand, and the highest (2.33) in the aphid-infested Bielsko-Biała stand. In pairwise comparison of stands, average seed number did not differ in most cases. Significant positive correlation was found between average plant height and average seed number per capsule. Seeds were the heaviest in the healthy stand, whereas they were lighter in rust-infected and aphid-damaged stands. The pests tested had no detrimental effect on Impatiens parviflora, but both pest types somewhat reduced the seed mass. The applicability of the studied pests as biological control agents against host plant invasion is also discussed.

Abstract: Background: Retrobulbar haemorrhage (RBH) is a rare, vision-threatening complication of midface fractures. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the incidence, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, management strategies, and visual outcomes of RBH in patients with orbito-zygomatic and orbito-ethmoid fractures. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science following PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting RBH secondary to midface fractures were included. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to pool incidence rates and visual outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Seventeen studies with 7,529 patients were included. The pooled incidence of RBH was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.0–4.4%), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 96%). The pooled proportion of patients achieving full visual recovery was 61% (95% CI: 43–77%), while permanent vision loss occurred in 5% (95% CI: 2–11%). Surgical decompression was performed in 62% of reported cases. Computed tomography was the primary diagnostic modality. Conclusions: RBH is an uncommon but serious complication of midface fractures. Timely surgical decompression is associated with favorable visual outcomes in most cases. Standardized reporting and prospective multicenter studies are needed to optimize management protocols.

Abstract:

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn), with the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Given the limitations of current therapies, mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation has emerged as a promising neuroprotective strategy. This study evaluated the in vitro neuroprotective potential of decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSC) using neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) neurotoxin-induced damage in a human neuroblastoma cell line (NB69) as a model for PD. NB69 cells were differentiated into a mature dopaminergic phenotype using dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) and subsequently exposed to the MPP+. In proliferative NB69 cells, the effect of DMSC was masked by their inherent anti-tumor activity against the neuroblastoma phenotype. Conversely, in the differentiated NB69 model, DMSC demonstrated a significant protective role against MPP+-induced cytotoxicity. It is interesting that the mechanism by which DMSCs exert a neuroprotective effect against MPP+ damage in differentiated NB69 cells could be through an improvement in mitochondrial function by reducing free radicals. In summary, these findings suggest that DMSC exert a neuroprotective effect in a dopaminergic-like context and highlight the importance of using differentiated cell models to accurately evaluate cell-based therapies for PD in the striatum.

Abstract: Host-directed therapy (HDT) has emerged as a transformative paradigm for managing infectious diseases by targeting host immune pathways rather than pathogen-specific mechanisms alone. Despite significant progress, the rational design of HDT strategies remains constrained by the complexity of host–pathogen interaction networks, limitations in gene-delivery technology, and the computational intractability of simulating immune signalling at atomistic resolution. This review proposes and critically evaluates a conceptual integration of three cutting-edge technological domains — quantum-assisted computation, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, and nanoformulation-based delivery — into a unified pipeline for next-generation HDT. We explicitly acknowledge that this integration is functional and computational rather than physical: a single quantum-CRISPR-nano device does not exist, nor is it technologically imminent. Instead, we articulate a six-step pipeline wherein quantum molecular simulation and quantum machine learning (QML) inform sgRNA design and nanoparticle optimisation; CRISPR-Cas9 executes precision gene modulation of host immunological targets such as the NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1 signalling axis, and myeloid cell maturation checkpoints; and nanoformulation platforms — including lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), polymeric nanocarriers, and polyherbal nanoemulsions — deliver CRISPR components efficiently to lung epithelial cells and tissue-resident macrophages. We systematically review the literature across four thematic clusters: (1) CRISPR-Cas9 and base-editing systems, (2) nanoparticle-mediated gene delivery, (3) host-pathogen immunology with emphasis on macrophage biology, and (4) quantum computational biology. We identify critical contradictions within and between clusters, map the evolution of key datasets, compare dominant and underutilised methodologies, and delineate 50 unanswered research questions that define the frontier of this convergent field. Our knowledge map identifies NLRP3 as the most therapeutically tractable host target, LNPs as the most translationally advanced delivery vehicle, and variational quantum eigensolvers (VQE) as the most promising near-term quantum tool for CRISPR off-target prediction. We conclude that this pipeline, while currently aspirational in its full integration, is scientifically grounded at each individual node and represents a realistically achievable research trajectory for the 2025–2035 decade.