Farooq, M.A.; Ajmal, I.; Hui, X.; Chen, Y.; Ren, Y.; Jiang, W. β2-Adrenergic Receptor Mediated Inhibition of T Cell Function and Its Implications for CAR-T Cell Therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2023, 24, 12837.
Farooq, M.A.; Ajmal, I.; Hui, X.; Chen, Y.; Ren, Y.; Jiang, W. β2-Adrenergic Receptor Mediated Inhibition of T Cell Function and Its Implications for CAR-T Cell Therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12837.
Farooq, M.A.; Ajmal, I.; Hui, X.; Chen, Y.; Ren, Y.; Jiang, W. β2-Adrenergic Receptor Mediated Inhibition of T Cell Function and Its Implications for CAR-T Cell Therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2023, 24, 12837.
Farooq, M.A.; Ajmal, I.; Hui, X.; Chen, Y.; Ren, Y.; Jiang, W. β2-Adrenergic Receptor Mediated Inhibition of T Cell Function and Its Implications for CAR-T Cell Therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12837.
Abstract
The microenvironment of most tumors is complex, comprising numerous aspects of immunosuppression. Several studies have indicated that the adrenergic system is vital for controlling immunological responses. In the context of tumor microenvironment, Nor-Adrenaline (NA) is poured-in by innervating nerves and tumor tissues itself. The receptors for nor-adrenaline are present on the surface of cancer and immune cells and are often involved in activation of pro-tumoral signaling pathways. β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) is an emerging class of receptors that are capable of modulating the functioning of immune cells. β2-AR is reported to activate the regulatory immune cells and inhibit the effector immune cells. Blocking β2-AR increases activation, proliferation and cytokine release of T lymphocytes. Moreover β2-AR deficiency during metabolic reprograming of T cells increases mitochondrial membrane potential and biogenesis. In the view of available research data, immunosuppressive role of β2-AR in T cells presents it a targetable checkpoint in CAR-T cell therapies. In this review, we have abridged contemporary knowledge about adrenergic stress mediated β2-AR activation on T lymphocytes inside tumor milieu.
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
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