Search Subject Areas | Preprints.org

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0730.v2

Cloning and Mutagenesis of AmpC β–lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the Identification of Targetable Allosteric Sites

Shriya Bhat, Stephen Lory

Subject: Immunology And Microbiology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginos; &beta; – lactamase; ampC

Online: 25 October 2024 (11:28:42 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.1978.v1

DNA Vaccines: The Future of Immunization

Haobo Kang, Zilu Ma, Yubo Sun, Fanzhuo Kong, Kun Yang, Dongbo Jiang

Subject: Immunology And Microbiology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: DNA vaccine; immunization; immunogenicity; delivery; customization

Online: 24 October 2024 (16:05:19 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.1745.v1

Bacillus lumedeirus sp. nov., a Gram-Positive Spore-Forming Rod Isolated from a Pharmaceutical Facility Production Environment and Added to the MALDI Biotyper® Database

Luciana Veloso da Costa, Juliana Nunes Ramos, Leticia de Sousa Albuquerque, Rebeca Vitoria da Silva Lage de Miranda, Talita Bernardo Valadao, Joao Flavio Carneiro Veras, Erica Miranda Damasio Vieira, Stephen James Forsythe, Marcelo Luiz Lima Brandão, Verônica Viana Vieira

Subject: Immunology And Microbiology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Bacillus lumedeirus; bacterial identification; pharmaceutical industry; genomic taxonomy; MALDI-TOF MS; 16S rRNA

Online: 24 October 2024 (12:05:56 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.1887.v1

An Update on Microbial Interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorder with Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Rachel Moreno, Paul Ashwood

Subject: Immunology And Microbiology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: autism; prebiotics; synbiotics; probiotics; diet; fetal microbiota transplant; antibiotics; GI; gut; inflammation; behavior; gut; brain-gut; gastrointestinal symptoms

Online: 24 October 2024 (10:27:57 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.1884.v1

Review of Relationships Between Human Gut Microbiome, Diet and Obesity

Ondřej Patloka, Tomáš Komprda, Gabriela Franke

Subject: Immunology And Microbiology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: secondary bile acids; short-chain fatty acids; butyrate; dietary fiber; resistant starch; intestinal barrier function; immune homeostasis

Online: 24 October 2024 (10:13:46 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.1777.v1

Diversity of Neurotransmitter Producing Human Skin Commensals

Samane Rahmdel, Moushumi Purkayastha, Mulugeta Nega, Elisa Liberini, Ningna Li, Arif Luqman, Holger Brüggemann, Friedrich Götz

Subject: Immunology And Microbiology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase; microbiota; neurotransmitter; skin; trace amines

Online: 24 October 2024 (03:02:36 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.1668.v1

The Emergence of New E. coli High-Risk Clones and Antibiotic Resistance: An Unstoppable Problem or Our Last Chance to Do Better?

Ana da Cruz Campos, Nathalia Lucas da Silva Andrade

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: antibiotic resistance; E. coli high-risk clones; infections stewardship; Escherichia coli; ; multi-resistance bacteria; emergence

Online: 22 October 2024 (11:12:48 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0477.v6

How the Next Pandemic Could Be Handled— Studying the Risks of (A)H5N1 Influenza Human Spillover

Theodor-Nicolae Carp

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: H5N1; Influenza A; microbial evolution; first-line immunity; interferon; mucosal antibodies; immune evasion; sialic acid receptor; haemagglutinin; natural lymphocytes; adaptive lymphocytes; monocytes; macrophages; cytokines

Online: 21 October 2024 (11:54:59 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

The Influenza A Virus (IAV) represents an enveloped, positive-sense and single-stranded RNA-based virus that infects mammals mainly via the respiratory system, although other bodily systems are also infected and undergo various extents of inflammatory pathogenesis. There are two well-known strains of IAV that cause life-threatening disease in mammals; H1N1 and H5N1, and the first strain caused the 1918 IAV H1N1 pandemic that claimed between 30 and 50 million human lives. Due to the significant ability of IAV to evade important immune recognition, the virus was observed to favour the onset of secondary microbial infections (i.e. bacterial or fungal), as the overall performance of the immune system became transiently weakened during the viral infection. During the IAV H1N1 pandemic, many patients died as a result of bacterial pneumonia, as pathogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, gained a wider opportunity to colonise and infect vital areas of the lower respiratory tract, and such a phenomenon led to the excessive, prophylactic usage of antibiotics due to the increased levels of panic, which in turn favoured the natural selection of bacteria with genes that became resistant to such antibiotics. Antibiotics might be required for usage solely when bacteria are known to be colonising vital areas of the human body, and this aspect is tricky, as microbial colonisation as such is asymptomatic and screening is consequently rare. Recently, new variants of the avian IAV H5N1 strain were transmitted from live, infected birds to mammals, including humans in some isolated cases, and given that there have already been several zoonotic spillover events overall since the beginning of 2023, we are rapidly approaching the time when a zoonotic spillover into humans will mark the first epidemic outbreak of the avian flu in humans. A lethality rate of approximately 60% was projected by the World Health Organization, as the virus was shown to favour the development of life-threatening hyper-inflammatory responses at the levels of alveolar tissues constituted by Type II pneumocytes. There are hints that novel variants of H5N1 are capable of infecting the intestinal layer, as recently, two dolphins died as a result of ingesting infected birds within the area of the British Isles. IAV is known to suppress the production and transmission of Type I Interferons by expressing various non-structural proteins (NSPs), such as NSP1, which was found to be also packaged into exosomes and transmitted to neighbouring uninfected cells, thereby preventing them from responding to the virus in the first place. Additionally, it was determined that NSP1 induces the apoptosis of the cells it is produced in and the neighbouring ones it enters via induced paracrine signalling, and such an aspect may only emphasise upon the critical role that early innate immune stimulation plays in preventing the development of severe respiratory illness afterward, given the context of increased viral ability of suppressing the production of first-line and second-line signals. A more pronounced rate of innate immune evasion would probably be observed in H5N1 IAV infection than in the infection caused by recent variants of H1N1 IAV. The H5N1 strain of IAV was also found to secrete a higher concentration of NSP1 than SARS-CoV-2, indicating the existence of an association to the greater mortality rate of H5N1 IAV infection. A direct, prophylactic stimulation of the interferon system using a reduced oral or nasal dosage of recombinant anti-inflammatory and anti-viral interferon glycoproteins may represent the most viable approach to prevent an emergence of a life-threatening H5N1 IAV pandemic. A similar non-invasive approach could be developed for a Marburg Virus (MARV) and a Nipah Virus (NiV) infection of humans, as risks of the emergence of a Marburg epidemic and also of a Nipah epidemic may be substantial at this stage as well. Clinical testing of clinical approaches as such could be of critical importance at the moment. Animals could also benefit from related clinical approaches. Somatic natural and adaptive lymphocytes treated with IFN I and III could also constitute a substantial approach of immunisation and heavily favour an indefinite shift in the evolutionary battle between the host organism and microbes of public health concern, as IFN I and III could improve the immunity of T-lymphocytes against HIV infection and even improve the performance of the mentioned types of immune cells during other types of infections. Likewise, a combination of all intellectual and clinical efforts implicating a shift of scientific and medical focus toward natural immunity in vaccine-related research could be a wise method in making the best efforts to prevent or alleviate the effects of a possible future pandemic, given the highly significant and diverse abilities of microbial “intelligence” to effectively hijack the natural immune system, many times causing severe implications upon the quality of the overall immune response against such microbes.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.1420.v1

Recombinant Live-Attenuated Salmonella Vaccine for Veterinary Use

Domitila Brzoskowski Chagas, Francisco Denis Souza Santos, Natasha Rodrigues de Oliveira, Thaís Larré Oliveira Bohn, Odir Antônio Dellagostin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: vaccine development; Salmonella; attenuation; RASV; animal

Online: 18 October 2024 (08:23:18 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.1325.v1

The Immunomodulatory Role of Regulatory T Cells in Preterm Birth and Associated Pregnancy Outcomes

Nicoleta Mureanu, Amanda M. Bowman, Imogen A. Porter-Wright, Priya Verma, Athina Efthymiou, Kypros H. Nicolaides, Cristiano Scotta, Giovanna Lombardi, Rachel M. Tribe, Panicos Shangaris

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: spontaneous preterm birth; Tregs; pregnancy immunology

Online: 16 October 2024 (19:54:14 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0477.v5

How the Next Pandemic Could Be Handled— Studying the Risks of (A)H5N1 Influenza Human Spillover

Theodor-Nicolae Carp

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: H5N1; Influenza A; microbial evolution; first-line immunity; interferon; mucosal antibodies; immune evasion; sialic acid receptor; haemagglutinin; natural lymphocytes; adaptive lymphocytes; monocytes; macrophages; cytokines

Online: 16 October 2024 (10:56:23 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

The Influenza A Virus (IAV) represents an enveloped, positive-sense and single-stranded RNA-based virus that infects mammals mainly via the respiratory system, although other bodily systems are also infected and undergo various extents of inflammatory pathogenesis. There are two well-known strains of IAV that cause life-threatening disease in mammals; H1N1 and H5N1, and the first strain caused the 1918 IAV H1N1 pandemic that claimed between 30 and 50 million human lives. Due to the significant ability of IAV to evade important immune recognition, the virus was observed to favour the onset of secondary microbial infections (i.e. bacterial or fungal), as the overall performance of the immune system became transiently weakened during the viral infection. During the IAV H1N1 pandemic, many patients died as a result of bacterial pneumonia, as pathogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, gained a wider opportunity to colonise and infect vital areas of the lower respiratory tract, and such a phenomenon led to the excessive, prophylactic usage of antibiotics due to the increased levels of panic, which in turn favoured the natural selection of bacteria with genes that became resistant to such antibiotics. Antibiotics might be required for usage solely when bacteria are known to be colonising vital areas of the human body, and this aspect is tricky, as microbial colonisation as such is asymptomatic and screening is consequently rare. Recently, new variants of the avian IAV H5N1 strain were transmitted from live, infected birds to mammals, including humans in some isolated cases, and given that there have already been several zoonotic spillover events overall since the beginning of 2023, we are rapidly approaching the time when a zoonotic spillover into humans will mark the first epidemic outbreak of the avian flu in humans. A lethality rate of approximately 60% was projected by the World Health Organization, as the virus was shown to favour the development of life-threatening hyper-inflammatory responses at the levels of alveolar tissues constituted by Type II pneumocytes. There are hints that novel variants of H5N1 are capable of infecting the intestinal layer, as recently, two dolphins died as a result of ingesting infected birds within the area of the British Isles. IAV is known to suppress the production and transmission of Type I Interferons by expressing various non-structural proteins (NSPs), such as NSP1, which was found to be also packaged into exosomes and transmitted to neighbouring uninfected cells, thereby preventing them from responding to the virus in the first place. Additionally, it was determined that NSP1 induces the apoptosis of the cells it is produced in and the neighbouring ones it enters via induced paracrine signalling, and such an aspect may only emphasise upon the critical role that early innate immune stimulation plays in preventing the development of severe respiratory illness afterward, given the context of increased viral ability of suppressing the production of first-line and second-line signals. A more pronounced rate of innate immune evasion would probably be observed in H5N1 IAV infection than in the infection caused by recent variants of H1N1 IAV. The H5N1 strain of IAV was also found to secrete a higher concentration of NSP1 than SARS-CoV-2, indicating the existence of an association to the greater mortality rate of H5N1 IAV infection. A direct, prophylactic stimulation of the interferon system using a reduced oral or nasal dosage of recombinant anti-inflammatory and anti-viral interferon glycoproteins may represent the most viable approach to prevent an emergence of a life-threatening H5N1 IAV pandemic. A similar non-invasive approach could be developed for a Marburg Virus (MARV) and a Nipah Virus (NiV) infection of humans, as risks of the emergence of a Marburg epidemic and also of a Nipah epidemic may be substantial at this stage as well. Clinical testing of clinical approaches as such could be of critical importance at the moment. Animals could also benefit from related clinical approaches. Somatic natural and adaptive lymphocytes treated with IFN I and III could also constitute a substantial approach of immunisation and heavily favour an indefinite shift in the evolutionary battle between the host organism and microbes of public health concern, as IFN I and III could improve the immunity of T-lymphocytes against HIV infection and even improve the performance of the mentioned types of immune cells during other types of infections. Likewise, a combination of all intellectual and clinical efforts implicating a shift of scientific and medical focus toward natural immunity in vaccine-related research could be a wise method in making the best efforts to prevent or alleviate the effects of a possible future pandemic, given the highly significant and diverse abilities of microbial “intelligence” to effectively hijack the natural immune system, many times causing severe implications upon the quality of the overall immune response against such microbes.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.1223.v1

Evaluation of Serological Tests on Different Disease Stages of Leptospirosis Infection in Humans

Virginia C Rodríguez-Rodriguez, Ana Maria Castro, Ronald Soto-Florez, Luis Urango-Gallego, Alfonso Calderon-Rangel, Piedad Agudelo-Flórez, Fernando P Monroy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Colombia; diagnosis; serology; leptospirosis; seroprevalence; risk-factors; reemerging

Online: 16 October 2024 (02:54:28 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.1132.v1

РН Homeostasis During Dual-Species Biofilm Formation by Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli Strains

Ivo Todorov Ganchev

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: рН Homeostasis; Confocal laser scanning mycroscopy; Bacillus subtilis; Multispecies biofilm

Online: 15 October 2024 (12:42:05 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2158.v4

Potential Innovations in Modern-Day Human and Animal Vaccine Development

Theodor-Nicolae Carp

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: immune system; natural immunity; adaptive immunity; interferon system; plasmacytoid dendritic cells; lymphocytes; viruses; bacteria; fungi; DNA; RNA; protein; evolution; molecular self camouflaging; innovation; vaccines

Online: 15 October 2024 (11:51:56 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

The vaccine industry has undoubtedly contributed massively in the medical world, with hundreds of millions of lives saved as a result of the successful development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against various infectious and oncological diseases. Simultaneously, there has been an ongoing evolutionary battle between polymorphic microbes and the human immune system, and various microbes have developed counter-responses against the human host immune system, by creating diverse “holes” of vulnerability in the innate immune system. Such mechanisms may have resulted due to the lower prophylactic and therapeutic focus upon sharpening the innate immune lines as directly as necessary. The overall objective of vaccine-development should be the sharpening of all immune departments that are targeted by various microbial agents for the purpose of transient innate immune suppression and the distribution of the microbial count/load at a systemic level. Likewise, it could be viable for the clinical research community to start focusing upon filling in the “gaps” of vulnerability that are now present in the pathways responsible for the proper natural immune activation and proportionate signalling toward the adaptive immune system. Perhaps, through such a process, the “road” toward the adaptive immune system, which is “old” and filled with “holes”, could be gradually transformed into a perfectly uniform “highway”, with all the required signals transmitted robustly from the innate to the adaptive immune system, before microbes manage to translate the various pathogenic proteins that transiently prevent such transmission altogether, until it becomes too late for the immune response to possibly develop in a proportionate and non-harmful manner to the organism. The potential “missing piece of puzzle” in vaccine-based clinical research could involve training of the human organism to develop immune memory without the host organism reaching a threshold of clinical disease onset even if viruses translate proteins that silence the host interferon system and make it unable to trace produced toxins whilst not directly causing clinical pathophysiology. Whilst it is realistically almost impossible to train the human immune system to develop responses and memory against viral proteins that do not directly cause immunopathology, there could be a set of clinical approaches involving a stimulation for more robust activation of the host interferon system, with an example of such stimuli being the same principal elements of the interferon system. Another example of pharmaceutical approaches would involve the development of drug-like components to target such viral proteins, though they would be more costly and consequently more restricted in usage; due to the fact that viruses are obligate intracellular, particle-based parasites and can only synthesise their proteins inside host cells. Such a scenario would be possible, given that it is almost impossible for human evolutionary growth to eventually stall and not risk experiencing a decrease as a result. Simultaneously, it is important for human society to bind by the principles of maintaining a healthy and nature-friendly lifestyle, given the philosophical quote of “We are what we eat.” The overall objective should be the facilitation of human and animal immune evolution over viral and bacterial molecular self-camouflaging from all possible directions, as a sharper human and animal evolutionary growth resulting from such actions could “cost” the sharper evolutionary growth of microbes as such, given that evolutionary patterns are based upon the models observed in Physics, in Newton’s Third Law of Motion, as well as in the First Law of Thermodynamics, which concerns the Conservation of Energy.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0933.v1

CD2K: An Accessible Framework for Leveraging Public Omics Data in Biomedical Research Training

Darawan Rinchai, Mathieu Garand, Mohammed Toufiq, Basirudeen Syed Ahamed Kabeer, Nico Marr, Damien Chaussabel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Omics data; Biomedical research training; Data reuse; Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)

Online: 11 October 2024 (17:09:54 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2158.v3

Potential Innovations in Modern-Day Human and Animal Vaccine Development

Theodor-Nicolae Carp

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: immune system; natural immunity; adaptive immunity; interferon system; plasmacytoid dendritic cells; lymphocytes; viruses; bacteria; fungi; DNA; RNA; evolution; molecular self camouflaging; innovation; vaccines

Online: 11 October 2024 (03:37:43 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

The vaccine industry has undoubtedly contributed massively in the medical world, with hundreds of millions of lives saved as a result of the successful development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against various infectious and oncological diseases. Simultaneously, there has been an ongoing evolutionary battle between polymorphic microbes and the human immune system, and various microbes have developed counter-responses against the human host immune system, by creating diverse “holes” of vulnerability in the innate immune system. Such mechanisms may have resulted due to the lower prophylactic and therapeutic focus upon sharpening the innate immune lines as directly as necessary. The overall objective of vaccine-development should be the sharpening of all immune departments that are targeted by various microbial agents for the purpose of transient innate immune suppression and the distribution of the microbial count/load at a systemic level. Likewise, it could be viable for the clinical research community to start focusing upon filling in the “gaps” of vulnerability that are now present in the pathways responsible for the proper natural immune activation and proportionate signalling toward the adaptive immune system. Perhaps, through such a process, the “road” toward the adaptive immune system, which is “old” and filled with “holes”, could be gradually transformed into a perfectly uniform “highway”, with all the required signals transmitted robustly from the innate to the adaptive immune system, before microbes manage to translate the various pathogenic proteins that transiently prevent such transmission altogether, until it becomes too late for the immune response to possibly develop in a proportionate and non-harmful manner to the organism. Such a scenario would be possible, given that it is almost impossible for human evolutionary growth to eventually stall and not risk experiencing a decrease as a result. Simultaneously, it is important for human society to bind by the principles of maintaining a healthy and nature-friendly lifestyle, given the philosophical quote of “We are what we eat.” The overall objective should be the facilitation of human and animal immune evolution over viral and bacterial molecular self-camouflaging from all possible directions, as a sharper human and animal evolutionary growth resulting from such actions could “cost” the sharper evolutionary growth of microbes as such, given that evolutionary patterns are based upon the models observed in Physics, in Newton’s Third Law of Motion, as well as in the First Law of Thermodynamics, which concerns the Conservation of Energy.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0828.v1

Recombinant Production and Functional Characterization of Andes Virus Gn and Gc in Pichia pastoris: A Path Towards Subunit Vaccine Development

Maria Francisca Starck, Claudia Paola Campillay, Belen B.A. Jerez Monsalves, Fátima Reyes, Frank Camacho-Casanova, Jannel Acosta Alba, Raquel Montesino Seguí, Rafael Maura, Fernando J. Ramos-Martínez, Jorge R. Toledo, Oliberto Sánchez Ramos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Andes Virus; Pichia Pastoris; recombinant vaccine

Online: 11 October 2024 (03:13:04 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0832.v1

Evaluating the Protective Role of Intranasally Administered Avian-derived IgY against SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian Hamster Models

Mónika Madai, Dániel Hanna, Roland Hetényi, Fanni Földes, Zsófia Lanszki, Brigitta Zana, Balázs Somogyi, Henrietta Papp, Anett Kuczmog, Orsolya Faragó-Sipos, Csaba Nemes, Vilmos Palya, Dávid Géza Horváth, Gyula Balka, Krisztián Bányai, Xinkai Jia, Péter Balogh, Gábor Kemenesi, Pál Bajnóczi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: IgY antibodies; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 prophylaxis; Syrian golden hamster; viral neutralization

Online: 10 October 2024 (15:19:20 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0831.v1

SMI-Capsular Fibrosis and Biofilm Dynamics: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Antimicrobial Approaches

Ines Schoberleitner, Michaela Lackner, Debora C. Coraca-Huber, Angela Augustin, Anja Imsirovic, Stephan Sigl, Dolores Wolfram

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: silicone mammary implants (SMI); capsular fibrosis; biofilm formation; antimicrobial strategies; foreign body response (FBR); implant surface modification; microbial adhesion; fibrotic response; antimicrobial-impregnated materials; surface topography

Online: 10 October 2024 (13:08:25 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0729.v1

Infective Endocarditis in Individuals with Drug Addiction: A Retrospective Cohort Study Conducted at "Dr. Carol Davila" Central Military Emergency University Hospital in Bucharest

Corina Ioana Anton, Ion Ștefan, Mădălina Zamfir, Cosmin Alexandru Buzilă, Teodora Alexia Ștefan, Adrian Streinu-cercel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: infective endocarditis; intravenous drug addiction; HIV

Online: 10 October 2024 (10:17:51 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Objective: Evaluation of individuals with intravenous drug addiction who developed infective endocarditis (IE) is required for a better understanding of the management that can be applied in these cases. This study aimed to shed light on the complex interplay between intravenous drug use and IE with the ultimate goal of improving patient care and outcomes Method: The study examined the clinical outcomes of 43 patients admitted with infective endocarditis (IE) associated with injection drug use. Data was collected over an average follow-up period of 12 months, providing a substantial timeframe to assess the long-term effects of different treatment approaches. The research focused on comparing the outcomes between two distinct groups: patients who received medical treatment alone and those who underwent surgical intervention in addition to medical management. Results This study included 43 intravenous drug users who were diagnosed with infective endocarditis (IE). The mean age of the patient cohort was 31 ± 9 years with a predominance of males (74.4%). All cases involved native valve IE, with the aortic valve being the most commonly affected (62.9%), followed by the tricuspid (30.2%) and mitral valves (6.9 %). Multiple valve involvement was observed in 13.9% of the cases. The study population had a high prevalence of comorbidities, particularly HIV infection (65.1%) and hepatitis C infection (25.5%). The study also revealed that 19.3% of the patients had previously experienced IE. Mortality rates were slightly higher in patients with recurrent IE (23.2%) than in those who experienced their first episode. Transthoracic echocardiography proved to be a highly effective diagnostic tool for detecting vegetation in 95% of the cases. Microbiological analysis identified Staphylococcus aureus as the predominant causative organism, isolated from blood cultures in 55.8% of the cases. These findings highlight the complex nature of IE in intravenous drug users, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive management strategies that address both cardiac manifestations and underlying comorbidities in this high-risk population. Conclusions: Injection drug use–associated infective endocarditis presents a significant challenge in modern healthcare, with patients facing a high risk of complications and poor clinical outcomes despite current therapeutic approaches. This persistent issue underscores the complexity of treating individuals with both infectious diseases and substance use disorders. The multifaceted nature of these cases often involves immediate cardiac infection, as well as concurrent medical, psychological, and social challenges that can complicate treatment and recovery.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0691.v1

Unraveling the Immune Web: Advances in SMI Capsular Fibrosis from Molecular Insights to Preclinical Breakthroughs

Ines Schoberleitner, Klaus Faserl, Michaela Lackner, Debora C. Coraca-Huber, Angela Augustin, Anja Imsirovic, Stephan Sigl, Dolores Wolfram

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: silicone mammary implants (SMI); immune mechanisms; inflammatory response; capsular fibrosis; immunomics; biofilm formation; biomaterial innovations; immunomodulatory surfaces; personalized medicine; therapeutic targets

Online: 9 October 2024 (12:54:20 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0630.v1

Exploring the Complex Interplay Between Oral Fusobacterium nucleatum Infection, Periodontitis, and Robust microRNA Induction Including Multiple Known Oncogenic miRNAs

Syam Jeepipalli, Chairmandurai Aravindraja, William D Duncan, Krishna Mukesh Vekariya, Bikash Sahay, Edward K.L. Chan, Kesavalu L

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: F. nucleatum; Periodontal disease; miRNAs; Cancer miRNAs; Machine learning models

Online: 9 October 2024 (09:11:55 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum, Fn), an oral commensal that can become pathogenic, is associated with periodontitis (PD), adverse pregnancy outcomes, and colorectal cancer (CRC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved, non-coding RNAs that play a regulatory role in gene expression and are detected in microbial infections. The aim of this study was to characterize the global microRNA expression kinetics in the mandibles of C57BL/6J mice infected with F. nucleatum for 8 and 16 weeks, and to identify miRNAs as biomarkers of the PD process using high-throughput NanoString nCounter® miRNA panels. Mice were divided into four groups: 8 weeks of Fn infection, 16 weeks of Fn infection, and their respective sham infection. Fn-infected mice at both 8- and 16 weeks showed 100% bacterial colonization on the gingival surface, along with a significant increase in alveolar bone resorption (p<0.0001) and intravascular dissemination to heart, indicating its invasive potential. Out of 577 miRNAs analyzed, seven miRNAs (miR-361-5p, miR-99b-5p) were upregulated, and two miRNAs (miR-362-3p and miR-720) were downregulated in the 8-week Fn infection group. In the 16-week Fn infection group, seven miRNAs (miR-361-5p, miR-99b-5p) were upregulated miRNAs and 13 miRNAs (miR-323-3p, miR-488) were downregulated. Notably, miRNAs such as miR-205, miR-210, miR-199a-3p which were differentially expressed (DE) in the Fn-infected mice at 8 weeks and miR-28 at 16 weeks, have been previously reported in human periodontitis. The 13 miRNAs induced by F. nucleatum (miR-361-5p) are linked to multiple malignancies, including esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. Additionally, the DE miR-126-5p in the 8-week infection group has been identified as a potential biomarker for patients with PD and cardiovascular disease. The results indicate that F. nucleatum acts as a potent oncomicrobe, inducing several miRNAs associated with PD and linking it to systemic comorbidities. Furthermore, the study revealed similar expressions between PD-associated miRNAs and nine CRC tumor-expressed miRNAs.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0590.v1

A New Easy-to-Perform Flow Cytometry Assay for Determining Bacterial and Viral Infection-Induced Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil and Monocyte Membrane Marker Modulation in Febrile Patients

Marilena la Sorda, Desy De Lorenzis, Alessandra Battaglia, Barbara Fiori, Rosalia Graffeo, Rosaria Santangelo, Tiziana D’inzeo, Gennaro De Pascale, Giovanni Schinzari, Romina Rose Pedone, Ernesto Rossi, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Michela Sali, Andrea Fattorossi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: flow cytometry; bacterial and viral infection; polymorphonuclear neutrophils; monocytes; immune dysfunction; interleukin-1 receptor 2; HLA-DR

Online: 9 October 2024 (03:11:12 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0452.v1

Modulation of Monocyte Effector Functions and Gene Expression by Human Cytomegalovirus Infection

Joseph El Khoury, Jay A Fishman, Matthew S Planchon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: cytomegalovirus; monocyte; phagocytosis; chemotaxis; cytokine production; reactive oxygen species; antigen presentation

Online: 7 October 2024 (09:32:55 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0241.v1

Antimicrobial Peptides in the Fight Against Drug-Resistant Superbug Infections

Piyush Baindara, Sumeeta Kumari, Roy Dinata, Santi M Mandal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Superbugs; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial peptide; Antibiotic-resistance; Multidrug-resistance; Infections

Online: 4 October 2024 (08:00:25 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0114.v1

Analysis of Viability as Readout of Lymphocyte Transformation Test in Drug Hypersensitivity Diagnostics

András Gyovai, Gabriella Metzler, Krisztián Papp, József Prechl

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: drug; allergy; lymphocyte transformation; hypersensitivity

Online: 2 October 2024 (11:51:52 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0061.v1

Development and Control of Biofilms in Diabetic Foot Infections

Hindol Ray, Chana Weis, Chioma Nwaeze, Vincent Zhou, Paramita Basu, Arindam Mitra

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Diabetic Foot Ulcers; DFU; Diabetic Foot Infections; DFI; Biofilm; Recalcitrant Wounds; Multidrug resistance; Antimicrobial Resistance

Online: 1 October 2024 (12:56:38 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202410.0050.v1

A New Probiotic Blend Facilitates Resolution of Inflammation in a Crohn’s Disease Mouse Model by Promoting Apoptosis in Mucosal Innate Immune Cells

Carlo De Salvo, Abdullah Osme, Mahmoud Ghannoum, Fabio Cominelli, Luca Di Martino

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: probiotics; Crohn’ s disease; apoptosis; digital spatial profiling; amylase;
;

Online: 1 October 2024 (11:35:50 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.2271.v1

Comprehensive Safety Assessment of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 Through Integrated Genotypic and Phenotypic Analysis

Chieh-Ting Chen, Wen-Yu Chao, Chih-Hui Lin, Tsung-Wei Shih, Tzu-Ming Pan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101; Genotypic analysis; Phenotypic evaluation; Repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study; Safety assessment

Online: 30 September 2024 (13:01:51 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0230.v2

RBD Specific B-Cell Memory Responses Among Individuals Vaccinated Against SARS-CoV-2

Atharv Athavale, Anmol Gaur, Nafees Ahmed, Adarsh Subramaniam, Jyotsna Dandotiya, Sneha Raj, Santosh Kumar Upadhyay, Sweety Samal, Anil Kumar Pandey, Ramesh Chandra Rai, Amit Awasthi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Receptor Binding Domain (RBD); Memory B-cell (MBC); Antibody-secreting cell (ASC); Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19)

Online: 30 September 2024 (12:51:11 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.2281.v1

The GFI1 Gene Family: Evolution, Structure, and Its Role in Immune Responses

Michel-Edwar Mickael, Marzena Łazarczyk, Norwin Kubick, Atanas G. Atanasov, Michał Ławiński, Justyna Paszkiewicz, Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk, Piotr Religa, Mariusz Sacharczuk

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: GFI1A; T cells; neutrophils

Online: 30 September 2024 (10:20:07 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.2261.v1

Impact of Non-Antibiotic Antibacterial Substances against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Klebsiella

Zarreen Sajjad, Muhammad Fayaz Khan, Shumaila Manzoor, Eid Nawaz, Fatima Sajjad, Muhammad Abubakar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: acetic acid,; minimum inhibitory concentration,; multidrug resistance,; lactic acid,; zone of inhibition

Online: 30 September 2024 (09:06:40 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.2327.v1

Safety Assessment of a Sublingual Vaccine Formulated with Poly(I:C) Adjuvant and Influenza HA Antigen in Mice and Macaque Monkeys: Comparison with Intranasal Vaccine

Tetsuro Yamamoto, Fusako Mitsunaga, Kunihiko Wasaki, Atsushi Kotani, Kazuki Tajima, Shin Nakamura

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: administration route; oral vaccination; inflammatory genes; Bell’ s palsy; brain

Online: 30 September 2024 (02:41:11 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.2319.v1

Approaches to Enhance the Potency of Poultry Vaccines

Oenone Bodman-Harris, Christine Rollier, Munir Iqbal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Poultry; vaccine potency; antigen targeted vaccine; nanotechnology; probiotics; adjuvants

Online: 29 September 2024 (11:07:08 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.2216.v1

Circular RNA Vaccines: Pioneering the Next-Gen Cancer Immunotherapy

Uddalak Das, Soupayan Banerjee, Meghna Sarkar, Fathah Muhammad, Tanveen Kaur Soni, Madhumita Saha, Gayatri Pradhan, Bhaskarjyaa Chatterjee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: circular RNA vaccines; Cancer immunotherapy; cancer vaccine; vaccine delivery; mRNA vaccine

Online: 29 September 2024 (03:09:28 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.2003.v1

Microscopy Analysis of the Effect on Biofilm Covered Bacteria Exposed to Wound Dressings Impregnated with Cuprous Oxide Microparticles

Tohar Roth, Einat Zelinger, Tally Kossovsky, Gadi Borkow

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: copper; wound dressings; biofilm; biocidal activity; antibacterial

Online: 25 September 2024 (12:06:29 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1892.v1

Deficiency of Inducible Costimulator (ICOS) during Chronic Infection with Toxoplasma gondii Upregulates CD28-Dependent Cytotoxicity of CD8+ T Cells and Their Effector Function against Tissue Cysts of the Parasite

Rajesh Mani, Kanal Balu, Yasuhiro Suzuki

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: ICOS; CD28; costimulatory molecule; CD8+ T cell; cytotoxic activity; host defense; infection; Toxoplasma gondii

Online: 24 September 2024 (10:45:31 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1780.v1

Phenotypic and Genomic Evaluation of ProbioGel (A Probiotic-Infused Cellulose Hydrogel) for Antimicrobial Activity

Alvin Domingo, Abigail Castro, Jayson Cariaga, Francis Gamboa, Aira Cassandra Castro, Aira Nadine Pascua, Jimmbeth Zenila Fabia, Peter James Gann, Bjorn Santos, Shirley Agrupis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: antimicrobial; probiotics; whole genome sequencing; nipa palm

Online: 24 September 2024 (09:06:16 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1832.v1

Towards the Development of Next-Generation Lung Cancer Immunotherapy

Yoshinobu Ichiki, Nako Saito, Ryo Taguchi, Tetsuya Umesaki, Hiroyuki Nitanda, Hirozo Sakaguchi, Hironori Ishida, Tomonori Kawasaki, Hisao Imai, Kyoichi Kaira, Hiroshi Kagamu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: lung cancer; immune check inhibitor; cancer immunology; CTL

Online: 24 September 2024 (04:49:40 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1605.v1

Carbapenems Resistant Nocardia ?! - A Case Report

Vlad Sabin Ivan, Paul Gabriel Ciubotaru, Liviu Cirin, Florin Giru, Daniel Florin Lighezan, Roxana Buzaș

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: nocardia; carabpenems; infection

Online: 20 September 2024 (08:36:28 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1444.v1

Impaired Development of Collagen Antibody-Induced Arthritis in Rab44-Deficient Mice

Yu Yamaguchi, Tomoko Kadowaki, Eiko Sakai, Mayuko Noguromi, Shun Oyakawa, Takayuki Tsukuba

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Rab44; collagen antibody-induced arthritis; immune cells; osteoclasts

Online: 18 September 2024 (15:11:03 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1298.v1

Tackling Infectious Diseases in the Caribbean and South America: Epidemiological Insights, Antibiotic Resistance, and Immunological Advances

Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Darren Gopaul, Rodolfo Arrozarena-Fundora, Odalis Asin-Milan, Patrick Akpaka

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Tuberculosis; HIV; Nosocomial infections; Antibiotic resistance; Salmonella; Blood transfusion safety; Immunology; West Indies; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Gram-negative bacteria; IgM antibodies

Online: 17 September 2024 (11:31:42 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1151.v1

Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factors, and Genetic Diversity of Salmonella Isolated from Wenzhou, China

Yafang Jin, Yi Li, Shaojie Huang, Chengji Hong, Xucong Feng, Huidi Cai, Yanmei Xia, Shengkai Li, Leyi Zhang, Yongliang Lou, Wanchun Guan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Salmonella; antimicrobial resistance; pathogenicity islands; cgMLST; Whole genome sequencing

Online: 16 September 2024 (03:20:34 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1116.v1

Characterization of Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus aureus Depending on NaCl Concentration

Yusuke Iwabuchi, Hitoyuki Kato, Masanori Saito, Hidenobu Senpuku

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: biofilm; membrane vesicle; S. mutans; NaCl; S. aureus

Online: 14 September 2024 (08:44:10 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0714.v3

Analysis of Beyfortus® (Nirsevimab) Immunization Campaign: Effectiveness, Biases, and ADE Risks in RSV Prevention

Helene Banoun

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: nirsevimab; beyfortus; ADE; RSV; bronchiolitis; mAbs; therapeutic monoclonal antibody

Online: 13 September 2024 (08:24:21 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0922.v1

Biofilm Formation and Anti-Inflammatory Response of a Probiotic Blend

Nicholas L.F. Gallina, Nicole I Tardi, Xilin Li, Alvin Cai, Mandy Horn, Bruce Applegate, Lavanya Reddivari, Arun K. Bhunia

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Probiotics; biofilm; antimicrobial activity; adhesion; pathogens; canine gut health; anti-inflammatory response

Online: 12 September 2024 (11:26:45 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0958.v1

Assessment of Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water in Taiz and Ibb Governorates, Yemen

Ali Ahmed Al-Hadheq, Wadhah Edrees, Bashir Al-Ofairi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Escherichia coli; ; Coliform; Total Bacterial Count; Presumptive Test; Taiz; Ibb; Yemen

Online: 12 September 2024 (08:16:18 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0963.v1

CBD-X Extracts in Asthma Management: Reducing Th2-Driven Cytokine Secretion and Neutrophil/Eosonophil Activity

Miran Aswad, Antonina Pechkovsky, Narmeen Ghanayiem, Yaniv Dotan, Igal Louria-Hayon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: CBD extracts; asthma; type 2 helper T cells (Th2); neutrophil; Eosonophil; OVA-Induced Asthmatic mouse model; cytokines; migration; IgE

Online: 12 September 2024 (05:35:21 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0750.v1

Down Syndrome in Children: An Inborn Error of Immunity with Immune Dysregulation

Aleksandra Szczawińska-Popłonyk, Natalia Popłonyk, Karina Awdi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: down syndrome; immunodeficiency; immune dysregulation; inborn error of immunity; regulatory T cells

Online: 10 September 2024 (15:16:41 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0722.v1

Benchmarking of DNA Extraction Methods for Metagenomics, 16S rRNA Databases and Assessment of the Skimmed Milk Flocculation for Bacterial Enrichment for Metagenomics from Water Samples

Deyan Donchev, Ivan Stoikov, Antonia Diukendjieva, Ivan N. Ivanov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: skimmed milk flocculation; vacuum filtration; bacterial metagenomics; benchmarking; DNA extraction; water samples; taxonomic composition; MIQ score; mock standard

Online: 10 September 2024 (10:08:12 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0587.v1

Innovative Strategies and Methodologies in Antimicrobial Peptide Design

Devesh Pratap Verma, Amit Tripathi, Ashwani Kumar Kumar Thakur

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Antimicrobial Peptide Design; AI/ML; Antimicrobial Resistance

Online: 9 September 2024 (08:42:51 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0539.v1

Genetic Polymorphisms of Il-18 and Their Association with Infectious Diseases – An Update

Durga Arumugam, Janani Semalaiyappan, Balamurugan Mookiah, Vijesh Sreedhar Kuttiatt

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: cytokines; IL-18; gene polymorphism; infectious diseases; precision medicine

Online: 7 September 2024 (15:51:14 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Cytokines play a substantial role in the pathophysiology of infectious diseases. Consequently, genetic polymorphisms in cytokine genes can have profound effect on the susceptibility to or protection from infections and also influence the clinical manifestations, disease severity as well as outcome. The objective of this brief narrative review is to provide an update on the recent research findings on the role of genetic polymorphisms of IL-18, a recently discovered cytokine on certain infectious diseases of public health relevance. The current review suggests there is a significant impact of IL-18 polymorphisms on different infectious diseases. The presence of G and T alleles at position -656 is suggested to have a probable protective effect against VL. The −137G/−607C (GC) and −137C/−607C (CC) haplotypes in the promoter region are associated with increased susceptibility to severe malarial anemia. SNPs rs544354 and rs574429 (GC) are linked to a higher risk of P. falciparum infection and increased parasitemia. The -137 C/C genotype and -137 G allele (with G/G genotype) are associated with faster progression to AIDS. In contrast, the IL-18 genotype does not seem to affect overall HIV susceptibility but influences disease progression. The G and GG genotypes at position -137 and allele A at position -607 are likely associated with protection against HBV infection. Conversely, the C allele at position -137 is linked to increased susceptibility to HBV infections. The GG genotype of IL-18 -137 G > C variant is associated with increased susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). The AC genotype of IL-18 -607A>C has been linked to PTB susceptibility, particularly in patients with co-morbid diabetes mellitus. SNPs −137G/C, 113T/G, and +127C/T are associated with susceptibility to H. pylori infection, indicating that these genetic variants may influence the risk of H. pylori-related diseases. There are conflicting results in studies conducted in different populations (e.g., genetic polymorphism, studies conducted in India and China against HBV infection) highlighting the need for further research with larger sample sizes to resolve discrepancies. Due to the variability in findings, extensive studies in diverse populations are needed to better understand the impact of IL-18 polymorphisms.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0479.v1

T Cell Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination

Samuele Notarbartolo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 infection; COVID-19 vaccine; human T cells; immunological memory; antigen-specific T cells; cross-reactive T cells; hybrid immunity; resident memory T cells; vaccine improvement

Online: 6 September 2024 (08:09:43 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0332.v1

Electrolyzed Water Treatment for the Control of the Zoonotic Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus in Aquaculture: A One Health Per-Spective

Pablo Ibányez-Payá, Adolfo Blasco, José V. Ros-Lis, Belén Fouz, Carmen Amaro

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Vibrio vulnificus; electrolyzed water; One Health; vibriosis; hypochlorous acid; zoonotic pathogen; sustainable control measures

Online: 4 September 2024 (12:07:45 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0307.v1

Exploring Glucocorticoid Safety: Insights from pKCSM Predictions on Tolerability and Toxicity Profiles

Ivan ferrari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Max. Tolerated Dose; Triamcinolone; Oral Rat Acute Toxicity (LD50); pKCSM Server

Online: 4 September 2024 (08:32:32 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0140.v1

Docking Analysis on Mutated Proteins in Cardio-Facio-Cutaneous Syndrome: Amentoflavone E Hypericin Potential Role

Ivan ferrari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Hypericin; ; Amentoflavone; Docking analysis; Autodock Vina; Cardiofaciocutaneous

Online: 3 September 2024 (11:32:29 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0120.v1

Amentoflavone and Nilotinib Show Strong Binding and Low Toxicity against HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase: A Promising Antiretroviral Strategy

Ivan ferrari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase; Pyrx program; Docking approach; Pro-Tox-II; pkCSM

Online: 3 September 2024 (11:25:25 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0056.v1

Evidence of the Detrimental Effects of Bacterial Resistance to Cephalosporins and Penicillins in Egypt’s Primary Healthcare Facilities

Mohammed Mahmoud Shawky Kassab

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Antibiotic; Resistance; Infection, bacteria; Nanopore sequencing technique

Online: 3 September 2024 (05:22:55 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Background: Bacterial resistance to several antibiotic classes is seen as a grave threat worldwide. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics was mostly caused by the abuse and overuse of antibiotics, particularly penicillins and first-generation cephalosporins, in Egypt's primary healthcare facilities. Aim of the study: To investigate the main resistant bacteria to a few chosen penicillins and first-generation cephalosporins, as well as the characterization of these antibiotics' resistant genes and their detrimental effects in Egypt's main medical facilities. Methodology: Two hundred respiratory and urinary tract infection (RTI and UTI) specimens were gathered from Egyptian primary medical center patients. The turbidimetric assay at 630 nm wavelength, the broth dilution technique, and the nanopore sequencing homology approach were used to characterize the major resistant pathogenic bacteria and their resistant genes to cefadroxil (first generation cephalosporins) and nafcillin (antipseudomonal penicillin). Moreover, adverse outcomes resulting from antibiotic resistance were noted. Results: Out of 200 specimens with RTI and UTI, 186 samples showed the proliferation of resistant bacteria isolates. Enterococcus faecium strain NFC and Staphylococcus aureus strain CDX were among them. Nanopore sequencing confirmed that the antibiotic-resistant gene in Enterococcus faecium was the NFC gene, whereas the antibiotic-resistant gene in Staphylococcus aureus was the CDX gene. Penicillin-binding proteins with modest affinity were encoded by both genes. These bacterial resistance patterns were linked to a low death rate of 5% and a high morbidity rate of 47%. Conclusion: By expressing low-affinity penicillin-binding proteins through resistant NFC and CDX genes, Enterococcus faecium strain NFC and Staphylococcus aureus strain CDX were found to be the predominant bacterial isolates that cause antibiotic resistance to first-generation cephalosporins and penicillins.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0064.v1

Alkyl Pyridinol Compounds Exhibit Antimicrobial Effects against Gram-Positive Bacteria

Juan Canchola, Gracious Yoofi Boafo Donkor, Patrick Ofori Tawiah, Ayoola Fasawe, Emmanuel Ayim, Martin F Engelke, Jan-Ulrik Dahl

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; anaephenes; Staphylococcus aureus; membrane damage; biofilm formation

Online: 2 September 2024 (10:53:11 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0069.v1

B-Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) as a Biomarker and Potential Treatment Target in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Jonas Martin, Qingyu Cheng, Sarah A. Laurent, Franziska Thaler, Anne Elisabeth Beenken, Edgar Meinl, Gerhard Krönke, Falk Hiepe, Tobias Alexander

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: SLE; BAFF; BCMA; TACI; lupus; B cells; plasma cells

Online: 2 September 2024 (10:51:31 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0083.v1

Molecular Docking Study Reveals Amentoflavone as a Potential Inhibitor of Dengue Virus Envelope Protein

Ivan Vito Ferrari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Dengue; docking simulations; Autodock Vina; Amentoflavone

Online: 2 September 2024 (09:49:45 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2202.v1

The Putative Role Of TIM-3 Variants In Polyendocrine Autoimmunity: Insights From a WES Investigation

Andrea Ariolli, Emanuele Agolini, Tommaso Mazza, Francesco Petrizzelli, Stefania Petrini, Valentina D’Oria, Annamaria Cudini, Caterina Nardella, Donatella Comparcola, Marco Cappa, Alessandra Fierabracci

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome; etiopathogenesis; WES; SNP; TIM-3

Online: 30 August 2024 (10:59:32 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2058.v1

Design of a Novel Multiepitope Vaccine against Glioblastoma by In-Silico Approaches

Sako Mirzaie, Kevin Da Yuan, Heyu Ni, Xiao Yu Wu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Glioblastoma; vaccine; urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor; Integrin beta-3; HLA class I

Online: 29 August 2024 (09:57:58 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2128.v1

Thymic Peptides in Immune Reconstitution and Clinical Outcome after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Hannah Kunstek, Janneke Kieviet, Caroline Lindemans, Coco de Koning, Stefan Nierkens

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: hematopoietic cell transplantation; thymic peptides; immune reconstitution

Online: 29 August 2024 (09:17:55 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2116.v1

The Future of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatment: The Promise of Selective Immunotherapies, Anifrolumab and Belimumab, Compared to Blanket Immunosuppressives

Isabella Niki Jocelyn Giovani, Miranda Lumbreras

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Lupus; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatment; Selective Immunotherapies; Anifrolumab; Belimumab

Online: 29 August 2024 (08:25:11 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1882.v1

Is Short-Read 16S rRNA Sequencing of Oral Microbiome Sampling a Suitable Diagnostic Tool for Head and Neck Cancer?

Kenny Yeo, Fangmeinuo Wu, Runhao Li, Eric Smith, Peter-John Wormald, Rowan Valentine, Alkis Psaltis, Sarah Vreugde, Kevin Fenix

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: oral microbiome; 16S ribosomal RNA; saliva; oral rinse; head and neck cancer

Online: 27 August 2024 (15:31:52 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

The oral microbiome, studied by sampling the saliva or oral rinse, has been long thought to have diagnostic capacity for head and neck cancers (HNC). However, previous reports on the HNC oral microbiome provide inconsistent results. The aim of this study is to consolidate these datasets and determine the oral microbial composition between HNC patients to healthy and premalignant individuals. We analyzed 16 published head and neck cancer (HNC) short-read 16S rRNA sequencing datasets, specifically targeting the V3V4, V4 and V4V5 regions. These datasets included saliva and oral rinse samples from donors with HNC, as well as from healthy and premalignant donors. Differences in diversities and microbial abundance were determined. HNC saliva displayed lower alpha diversity than healthy donors. In contrast, the opposite trend was observed for oral rinse samples. Beta diversity were largely similar across different patient types. Similar oral phyla were detected for all samples, but proportions were largely dependent on sample type (i.e. saliva or oral rinse) and primer set utilised for 16S rRNA sequencing. Neisseria, Leptotrichia and Megasphaera were elevated in healthy saliva, while Mycoplasma was elevated in HNC saliva. Oral rinse and saliva displayed similar enrichment for Fusobacterium, while Veillonella, Alloprevotella, and Campylobacter had conflicting results. The sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis model performed effectively in discriminating HNC from healthy or premalignant patients using V3V4 saliva (AUC = 0.888), and V3V4 oral rinse (AUC = 0.928), while poor discriminative capacity was observed for V4 saliva (AUC = 0.688). In conclusion, our meta-analysis highlighted the limitations of 16S rRNA sequencing, particularly due to variations across study batches, primer sets (i.e. V3V4, V4), and sample types. Hence, caution should be exercised when interpreting 16S rRNA sequencing results across studies, especially when different primer sets and sample types are used.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1862.v1

Complex Interaction between Gut Microbiome and Autoimmunity: Focus on Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Olalekan Chris AKINSULIE, Babatunde Ibrahim Olowu, Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola, Adenike Adenaya, Olamilekan G Banwo, Charles Egede Ugwu, Ibrahim Idris, Pius I. Babawale, Qudus Afolabi Akande, Oluwagbemisola Olukogbe, Sammuel Shahzad, Jesuferanmi Mary Agbaje

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Gut Microbiome; Antiphospholipid syndrome; Antiphospholipid antibodies; Autoimmunity; Therapeutics

Online: 26 August 2024 (17:20:35 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1761.v1

DIAMOnD Genes Expression in Human Macrophages Infected with Leishmania major

Felipe Caixeta, Vinicius Dantas Martins, Amanda Braga Figueiredo, Luis Carlos Crocco Afonso, Paolo Tieri, Filippo Castiglione, Leandro Martins Freitas, Tatiani Maioli

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Macrophages; Leishmania; Gene Expression

Online: 23 August 2024 (15:56:30 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1754.v1

Mechanistic Insights on Microbiota-Mediated Development and Progression of Esophageal Cancer

Kyaw Thu Moe, Kevin Shyong Wei Tan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Esophageal cancer; oral microbiota; microbial dysbiosis; carcinogenic metabolites; chronic inflammation

Online: 23 August 2024 (15:03:37 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1729.v1

Immunogenicity Persistence of Different Immunization Regimens of Rabies Vaccine in the 10–60 Years Age Group: a Follow-up Report Based on Phase III Clinical Trial

Yunpeng Wang, Zhiang Wu, Jia Li, Shouchun Cao, Leitai Shi, Danhua Zhao, Zhaojun Mo, Haiyan Liang, Xiaohong Wu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: four-dose immunization regimen; five-dose immunization regimen; immunogenicity persistence; rabies; vaccine

Online: 23 August 2024 (12:08:46 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1662.v1

Recent Advances in Molecular Diagnostic Methods for Foodborne Pathogens with a Focus on Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp

Josué J. Da Silva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Molecular Diagnostics; Foodborne Pathogens; Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella Detection; NGS

Online: 23 August 2024 (00:11:54 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1655.v1

Allergies to Allergens from Cats and Dogs: A Review and Update on Sources, Pathogenesis, and Strategies

Wei An, Ting Li, Xinya Tian, Xiaoxin Fu, Chunxiao Li, Zhenlong Wang, Jinquan Wang, Xiumin Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: allergy; pet allergen; epitope; IgY antibody; immunotherapy

Online: 22 August 2024 (16:28:36 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1477.v1

Evaluation of Diagnostic Performance of Three Commercial Interferon-Gamma Release Assays for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Richard Kutame, Gifty Boateng, Yaw Adusi-Poku, Felix Sorvor, Lorreta Antwi, Florence Agyemang-Bioh, Bright Ayensu, Vincent Gyau-Boateng, Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: IGRA; Interferon gamma; Evaluation; Tuberculosis; Diagnosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; SD Biosensor

Online: 22 August 2024 (03:07:33 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1516.v1

Synergistic Antifungal Effect and In Vivo Toxicity of the Monoterpene Isoespintanol Obtained from Oxandra xylopioides Diels

Orfa Ines Contreras-Martínez, Alberto Angulo-Ortíz, Gilmar Santafé Patiño, Jesus Sierra Martínez, Ricardo Berrio Soto, Joice Margareth de Almeida Rodolpho, Krissia Franco de Godoy, Fernanda De Freitas Anibal, Bruna Dias de Lima Fragelli

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Synergism; antifungal; isoespintanol; in vivo toxicity

Online: 21 August 2024 (11:39:54 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1935.v2

Unraveling the Immune Response Dynamics of Leishmaniasis: Insights, Challenges, and Vaccine Development

Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Rodolfo Arozarena-Fundora, Darren Gopaul, Sachin Soodeen, Reinand Thompson, Odalis Asin-Milan, Chandrashekhar Unakal, Arvind Kurhade

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Leishmaniasis; immune system; vaccines; cytokines; biomarkers

Online: 21 August 2024 (10:48:08 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1499.v1

Spectrum and Incidences of Adverse Reactions Post-immunizations in Taiwanese Population (2014 – 2019): An Analysis Using the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program

Wan-Chun Lai, Chin-Hui Yang, Yhu-Chering Huang, Nan-Cheng Chiu, Chih-Jung Chen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: vaccine reactogenicity; adverse reactions; adverse events following immunization; vaccine injury compensation program

Online: 21 August 2024 (00:13:53 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1450.v1

Evaluation of Vaccine Strategies Among Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Omicron Outbreak in Taiwan

Min-Ru Lin, Chung-Guei Huang, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Chih-Jung Chen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: COVID-19; vaccine; reactogenicity; immunogenicity; effectiveness

Online: 20 August 2024 (13:50:54 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1429.v1

Antimicrobial Resistance in Diverse Escherichia coli Pathotypes from Nigeria

Kenneth Nnamdi Anueyiagu, Chibuzor Gerald Agu, Uzal Umar, Bruno Silvester Lopes

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Escherichia coli; E. coli O157:H7; Shiga-toxins; antimicrobial resistance; STEC; Diarrheagenic E. Coli; blaCTX-M; ESBL

Online: 20 August 2024 (10:54:14 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0714.v2

Analysis of Beyfortus® (Nirsevimab) Immunization Campaign: Effectiveness, Biases, and ADE Risks in RSV Prevention

Helene Banoun

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: nirsevimab; beyfortus; ADE; RSV; bronchiolitis; mAbs; therapeutic monoclonal antibody

Online: 20 August 2024 (03:46:07 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1373.v1

A New IL-6 Inducing Mechanism in Cancer with new Therapeutic Possibilities

Leif Håkansson, Pontus Duner, Erik Broströmer, Bengt Gustavsson, Yvonne Wettergren, Bijar Ghafouri, Annika Håkansson, Birgitta Clinchy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Interleukin-6; cancer; PBMC; immunoregulation; albumin neo-structure; IL-6 inducing factor; autoantibodies; immune complexes; prognosis

Online: 20 August 2024 (03:39:41 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1342.v1

Bacteria and Allergic Diseases

Svetlana Guryanova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: host-microbe interactions; symbiotic bacteria; bacterial bioregulators; allergic inflammation; allergy; food allergy; lung microbiome; asthma; allergic rhinitis

Online: 19 August 2024 (16:59:51 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1226.v1

Persistent Levels of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM Antibody Measured by an In-house ELISA in a Convalescent Latin Population Positively Correlate with the Neutralizing Percentages to Several Variants of Concern

Ana M Espino, Albersy Armina-Rodriguez, Paola Cardona, Carlimar Ocasio-Malavé, Laura Alvarez, Carlos A Sariol

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: COVID-19; IgM; indirect-ELISA; neutralizing antibody; Latin; Puerto Rico

Online: 19 August 2024 (04:31:47 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1167.v1

Vibrio cholerae Gut Colonization of Zebrafish Larvae Induces Differential Behavior Responses

Isabella Cubillejo, Kevin R Theis, Jonathan Panzer, Xixia Luo, Shreya Banerjee, Ryan Thummel, Jeffrey H Withey

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Vibrio cholerae; cholera; zebrafish larvae; microbiome; behavior

Online: 16 August 2024 (13:31:33 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1212.v1

Identification of Risk Factors Linked to Diabetic Foot Ulcers from Multimodal Electronic Health Records and Transcriptomics Using Machine Learning

Mario Flores, Anita Omo-Okhuasuyi, Yufang Jin, Yidong Chen, Mahmoud ElHefnawi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Diabetic Foot Ulcer; Electronic Health Records; Machine Learning; Risk Factors; OCHIN Database; Healthcare Analytics

Online: 16 August 2024 (08:41:40 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1185.v1

Modeling A Western Lifestyle in Mice: A Novel Approach to Eradicating Aerobic Spore-Forming Bacteria from the Colonic Microbiome and Assessing Long Term Clinical Outcomes

Edward Horwell, William Ferreira, Huynh Hong, Philip Bearn, Simon Cutting

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Animal models; gastrointestinal microbiome; Old Friends Hypothesis; Spore forming bacteria; Hygiene hypothesis; Bacillus

Online: 16 August 2024 (04:43:55 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Introduction: The environmentally acquired aerobic spore-forming (EAS-Fs) bacteria that are ubiquitous in nature (e.g. soil) are transient colonisers of the mammalian gastro-intestinal tract. Without regular exposure, their numbers quickly diminish. These species of bacteria have been suggested to be essential to the normal functioning of metabolic and immunogenic health. The modern Western lifestyle restricts exposure to these EAS-Fs, possibly explaining part of the pathogenesis of many Western diseases. To date, the only animal studies that address specific microbiome modelling are based around germ-free animals. We have designed a new animal model that specifically restricts exposure to environmental sources of bacteria. Methodology: A new protocol, termed Super Clean, that involves housing mice in autoclaved individually ventilated cages (IVCs), with autoclaved food / water, and strict ascetic handling practice was first experimentally validated. The quantification of EAS-Fs was assessed by heat-treating faecal samples and measuring colony forming units (CFUs). This was then compared to mice in standard-conditions. Mice were housed in their respective groups from birth until 18 months. Stool samples were taken throughout the experiment to assess for abundance in transiently acquired environmental bacteria. Clinical, biochemical, histological, and gene expression markers were analysed for diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (the “diseases of the West”). Results: Our results show that stringent adherence to the Super Clean protocol produces a significantly decreased abundance of aerobic spore-forming Bacillota after 21 days. This microbiomic shift was correlated with significantly increased levels of obesity and impaired glucose metabolism. There was no evidence of colitis, liver disease or hypercholesterolaemia. Conclusion: This new murine model successfully isolates EAS-Fs, and has the potential utility for future research allowing for the investigation into the clinical impact living in relative hygienic conditions.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1083.v1

The Role of Propionate-Induced Rearrangement of Membrane Proteins in the Formation of the Virulent Phenotype of Crohn’s Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli

Olga Vladimir Pobeguts, Maria Alexey Galyamina, Elena Vladimir Mikhalchik, Sergey Igor Kovalchuk, Igor Pavel Smirnov, Alena Vyacheslav Lee, Lyubov Yuriy Filatova, Kirill Vitaly Sikamov, Oleg Mikhayl Panasenko, Alexey Yuriy Gorbachev

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Crohn’ s disease; Crohn’ s disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC); propionic acid; neutrophiles; membrane proteins; 2D electrophoresis; LC-MS analysis

Online: 16 August 2024 (03:45:20 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1027.v1

Technology Innovation for Discovering Renal Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Conditions

Maurizio Bruschi, Giovanni Candiano, Andrea Petretto, Andrea Angeletti, Pier luigi Meroni, Gian Marco Ghiggeri

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: tecnology evolution; immunopeptidomics; immunoproteomics; autoantibodies; autoimmune diseases

Online: 15 August 2024 (02:43:05 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1063.v1

Chemokinergic and Dopaminergic Signalling Collaborates through the Heteromer Formed by CCR9 and Dopamine Receptor D5 Increasing the Migratory Speed of Effector CD4+ T-Cells to Infiltrate the Colonic Mucosa

Javier Campos, Francisco Osorio-Barrios, Felipe Villanelo, Sebastian E. Gutierrez-Maldonado, Pablo Vargas, Tomas Perez-Acle, Rodrigo Pacheco

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Dopamine; chemokines; T cell migration

Online: 14 August 2024 (16:40:26 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1061.v1

Present and Future of Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Sushmitha Sriramulu, Shivani Thoidingjam, Corey Speers, Shyam Nyati

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: TNBC; triple-negative breast cancer; immunotherapy; immune checkpoint inhibitors; radiation therapy; chemotherapy

Online: 14 August 2024 (14:18:41 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0950.v1

Insights into the Replication Kinetics Profiles of Malaysian SARS-CoV-2 Variant Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron in Vero E6 cell line

Zarina Mohd Zawawi, Jeevanathan Kalyanasundram, Rozainanee Mohd Zain, Adiratna Mat Ripen, Dayang Fredalina Basri, Wei Boon Yap

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; variants; replication kinetics; infectivity; mutations; cell culture adaptation

Online: 13 August 2024 (13:02:13 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0926.v1

Long-Lasting, Fine-Tuned Anti-tumor Activity of Recombinant Listeria monocytogenes Vaccine Is Controlled by Pyroptosis and Necroptosis Regulatory and Effector Molecules

Abolaji Samson Olagunju, Andrew V. D. Sardinha, Gustavo P. Amarante-Mendes

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: L. monocytogenes, anti-tumor vaccine, CD8 T cell, pyroptosis, necroptosis

Online: 13 August 2024 (11:21:26 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0730.v1

Generalised Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) Do Not Elicit Concerning Local Reactogenicity after Intramuscular Injection in Absence of Aluminum Salt Adjuvant

Raffaella Cecchi, Silvia Maccari, Renzo Alfini, Roberta Di Benedetto, Simona Gallorini, Elena Cartocci, Sara Marchi, Giacomo Romagnoli, Erika Bartolini, Francesca Micoli, Diego Piccioli

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: GMMA; alum; histopathology; injection site; muscle; inflammation; reactogenicity

Online: 12 August 2024 (08:09:24 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0759.v1

NIR-HSI/2B-CNN Algorithmic Scheme for Early Detection of Anthracnose on Mango Fruits

Thitima Phanomsophon, Panmanas Sirisomboon, Jiraporn Sripinyowanich Jongyingcharoen, Apiwat Junto, Dharma Raj Pokhrel, Sneha Sharma, Jetsada Posom, Cheewanun Dachoupakan Sirisomboon, Panan Rerngsamran, Pimpen Pornchaloempong, Norhashila Hashim, Anupun Terdwongworakul, Prabhas Chongstitvatana

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: mango; anthracnose; Colletotrichum asianum; near infrared; hyperspectral image; Convolutional Neural Network; CNN; Two Branch Convolutional Neural Network; 2B-CNN

Online: 12 August 2024 (05:01:59 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0665.v1

Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Bacteria: Classification, Sources, and Mechanism of Action against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

Raynichka Mihaylova-Garnizova, Slavena Davidova, Yordan Hodzhev, Galina Satchanska

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: bacterial AMPs; bacteriocins; antibiotic resistance; limitations; perspectives; modes of action

Online: 11 August 2024 (04:44:16 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0641.v1

Isolation of Bacterial L‐Glutaminase as Anticancer Agent from Different Soil Environments in Egypt Using 16S rRNA Homology Technique

Mohammed MahmoudShawky Kassab

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: L‐glutaminase; Acute lymphocytic leukaemia; Breast cancer; Auxotrophic

Online: 9 August 2024 (07:25:48 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Background: Breast cancer and other neoplasms, such as acute lymphocytic leukaemia, are a severe hazard to public health globally. L-glutamine-degrading enzymes are required for the treatment of malignancies such as acute lymphocytic leukemia and breast cancer. L-glutaminase, an amidohydrolase, has been shown to be an effective chemotherapeutic tool for treating a variety of malignancies. The aim of the study: Molecular characterization is used in the study and production of bacterial L- glutaminase as an anticancer agent from a variety of Egyptian soil locales. The type of the study: Screening experimental study. Methodology: In the current study, many bacterial isolates were tested on mineral L-glutamine agar selective medium (MGA) to evaluate if they generated L-glutaminase. The most effective positive bacterial isolates that produce L-glutaminase, however, were discovered by morphological and biochemical analysis. The primary positive isolate producing L-glutaminase was also identified utilizing molecular detection by 16S rRNA sequencing homology technique. The properties of bacteria-produced L- glutaminase were investigated. The anticancer activity was assessed with an MTT assay. Results: Sole bacterial isolates that only needed L-glutamine for metabolic nitrogen grew well on MGA. The optimal conditions for producing positive bacterial isolates were pH 7.4 and 37 ̊C. The morphological and biochemical investigations of soil samples from diverse soil conditions in Egypt revealed that Bacillus subtilis subsp. niger (ATCC 9372) was the primary positive bacterial isolate producing L-glutaminase. At a pH of 7.4 and a temperature of 37 °C, the activators KCL, ZnSO4, FeSO4, K2HPO4, and MgSO4 offered ideal conditions for defining L-glutaminase production. L-glutaminase from Bacillus subtilis was detected to be a highly bioavailable and efficient anticancer treatment. The original yield [productivity] from MGA was 6.3 U/ml, but invitro coupled transcription and translation production raised it to 89± 1 U/ml. L-glutaminase had a molecular mass of approximately 36 kDa. The purification of L-glutaminase resulted total activity of 21,883 ± 15.67 (U), specific activity of 379.14 ± 7.35 (U/mg of protein), and purification fold of 1.82 ± 3.06. The enzymatic activators Ni2+ and Mg 2+ increased L-glutaminase activity by 20%, 27%, respectively. The compound showed significant anticancer activity (IC50 = 38.72, 8.6, 6.41, 19.02, 49.83, and 9.45 μg/ml) against cancer cell lines from the liver (HepG-2), colon (HCT- 116), breast (MCF-7), lung (A-549), lymphocytic (CCL-120), and cervical (Hela). The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax were 15.2^ 10 -3 M and 119.86 μmol/ml/min, indicating a higher affinity for the substrate. The enzyme demonstrated high efficacy at pH 6.5 and temperature 35. The enzyme was thermostable at 58 ̊C for 1 hour. Conclusion: Acute lymphocytic leukemia and breast cancer are two instances of auxotrophic malignancies for which L-glutamine is the sole metabolic source, and Bacillus subtilis- derived L-glutaminase was a suitable enzyme in their treatment.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0442.v1

Marine Bacteriocins: An Evolutionary Gold Mine to Payoff Antibiotic Resistance

Piyush Baindara, Dinata Roy, Santi M Mandal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Marine; Bacteriocins; Lanthipeptides; RiPPs; Antimicrobial peptides; Drug-resistance

Online: 6 August 2024 (16:13:50 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0230.v1

RBD specific B-cell Memory Responses among Vaccinated Individuals against SARS-CoV-2

Atharv Athavale, Anmol Gaur, Nafees Ahmed, Adarsh Subramaniam, Jyotsna Dandotiya, Sneha Raj, Santosh Kumar Upadhyay, Sweety Samal, Anil Kumar Pandey, Ramesh Chandra Rai, Amit Awasthi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Receptor Binding Domain (RBD); Memory B-cell (MBC); Antibody-secreting cell (ASC); Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19)

Online: 6 August 2024 (06:05:27 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0299.v1

Unlocking the Puzzle: Investigating the Role of Interleukin 17 Genetic Polymorphisms, Circulating Lymphocytes, and Serum Levels in Venezuelan Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Jenny Valentina Garmendia, Isaac Blanca, María Johanna Peña, Claudia Valentina De Sanctis, Juan Bautista De Sanctis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Recurrent pregnancy loss, IL-17; Th17; genetic polymorphism; T cell activation; T regulatory cells

Online: 6 August 2024 (02:58:13 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0300.v1

Immunogenetic Landscape in Pediatric Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Aleksandra Szczawińska-Popłonyk, Wiktoria Ciesielska, Marta Konarczak, Jakub Opanowski, Aleksandra Orska, Julia Wróblewska, Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: antibody deficiency; common variable immunodeficiency; epigenetics; immune dysregulation; inborn error of immunity; whole exome sequencing

Online: 5 August 2024 (10:54:03 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0195.v1

Molecular Characterization of Sterol C4-Methyl Oxidase in Leishmania major

Yu Ning, Somrita Basu, Fong-fu Hsu, Mei Feng, Michael Zhuo Wang, Kai Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: CYP5122A1; ERG25; Leishmania; Sterol; Demethylase

Online: 2 August 2024 (16:51:42 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Background: Despite progress in access to family planning services in many sub-Saharan 11 African countries in recent decades, advances in early postpartum contraceptive adoption remain 12 low, and the unmet need for early postpartum contraceptives is high. According to the Ethiopia 13 Demographic and Health Survey report, early postpartum modern contraceptive method uptake is 14 still unacceptably low in Ethiopia. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the magnitude of 15 intention to adoption of early postpartum modern contraceptive methods and its associated factors 16 among pregnant women in Dessie and Kombolcha town zones, northeast Ethiopia. Methods: A 17 community-based cross-sectional study was deployed from January 15–February 15, 2023, in the 18 Dessie and Kombolcha zones, north-east Ethiopia among pregnant women. The study involved 780 19 pregnant women using the cluster sampling technique. A census was conducted in 20 randomly 20 selected clusters to identify eligible pregnant women. Actual data were collected home-to-home in 21 the community through face-to-face interviews. Data were collected by Open Data Kit (ODK) and 22 exported to STATA 17 for analysis. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was done and the 23 goodness of the model was checked by Hosmer-Lemeshow's test statistic and rock curve. An ad- 24 justed odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically sig- 25 nificant. Result: The study revealed that 49.6% of pregnant women lack autonomy and 50% lack 26 knowledge about early postpartum contraception, with participants' wealth index status ranging 27 from rich (36.6%) to poor (33.2%). The study found that 75.8% of pregnant women intended to adopt 28 early postpartum modern contraceptive methods early after childbirth. After controlling the poten- 29 tial confounder’s mothers age (AOR = 6.2 [2.6–14.6], birth interval (AOR = 2.5 [1.6–3.7]), have paid 30 work (AOR = 1.9 [1.3–2.8]), health facility from home (AOR=2.6[1.5-4.4]), last delivery 31 Place(AOR=2.4[1.1-5.7]), knowledge on (AOR = 1.5 [1.1-2.1]), and antenatal care follow-up (AOR = 32 1.9 [1.2-3.3]) were significant associated factors of intention to uptake early postpartum modern con- 33 traceptive methods among pregnant women. Conclusion: The study found that 75% of the partici- 34 pants had the intention to adoption of contraceptive methods during the early postpartum period. 35 Identified factors influencing this intention were age, birth interval, women's employment status, 36 area of residence, distance to health facilities, last delivery place, knowledge of early postpartum 37 modern contraception, gravidity, and antenatal care follow-up. These findings highlight the need 38 for targeted interventions to address these factors, framing the intended users and enabling access 39 to early adoption of postpartum contraceptive methods.

Biology and Life Sciences