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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1170.v1

Effects of Salmonella Typhimurium Infection on Intestinal Flora and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Wenchang Chickens

Shenghong Chen, Yaochen Xie, Dingqian Guo, Tiansen Li, Zhen Tan, Xuhua Ran, Xiaobo Wen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Salmonella Typhimurium; gut microbiota; lipid oxidation; arachidonic acid; Wenchang chicken

Online: 17 April 2024 (14:51:48 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1065.v1

Anti‐Candida Phytochemicals and Isolated Compounds in Anacardiaceae Family—An Updated Review and In‐Silico Analysis

Aluisio Silva Oliveira, Josivan Regis Farias, Danielle Cristine Gomes Franco, Arthur Andre Castro da Costa, Pamela Gomes Santos, Mayara Cristina Pinto Silva, Flavia Raquel Fernandes Nascimento, Rosane Nassar Meireles Guerra

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Anacardiaceae; gallic acid; ADMET; drug-likeness; Candida albicans; antifungal

Online: 16 April 2024 (17:13:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1053.v1

PKCδ Protects Against Lupus Autoimmunity

Sailee Vijay Chavan, Shreya Desikan, Christopher A J Roman, Chongmin Huan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: PKCδ; lupus; B cell tolerance; autoimmunity; SMS2

Online: 16 April 2024 (15:54:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1020.v1

Inhibitory Effects of Nicotinic Acid against Streptococcus pneumoniae Biofilm

Qaisara Fareesya Rosdi, Ahmad Asyraf Saiful Bahri

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Streptococcus pneumoniae; biofilm; nicotinic acid

Online: 16 April 2024 (08:58:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0482.v1

Antibiofilm Activity Of Benzoic Acid Against Salmonella Typhimurium

Muhammad Azinuddin Abdull Kamal, Khaniza Hasliza Abdul Khalil

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Salmonella typhimurium; biofilm; benzoic acid

Online: 16 April 2024 (04:20:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0975.v1

Production of Myxopyronin a Antibiotic from Different Soil Environments in Egypt

Mohammed Mahmoud Shawky Kassab

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Myxopyronin A; Infection; Antibiotic; Resistance; Myxobacteria

Online: 15 April 2024 (13:51:27 CEST)

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Background: Antibiotic resistance is an overwhelming serious difficulty globally. This necessitates the exploration of novel sources of antibiotics to overcome this challenge. Aim of the study: Bacterial Myxopyronin A production from various soil environments Egypt; as well as testing its antimicrobial activity in preclinical animal testing and randomized human clinical trials phases 1/2. Type of the study: Screening experimental study. Methodology: Different soil environments in Egypt were screened for the growth of bacterial isolates producing Myxopyronin A as an antimicrobial agent. Purification of Myxopyronin A was performed via reversed-phase HPLC. Paper disc diffusion assay, as well as the Broth dilution technique, were exploited to assess the invitro antimicrobial and minimum inhibitory concentration( MIC) of the test antibiotic. Furthermore, in vivo antimicrobial spectrum, adverse drug reactions, and pharmacokinetics were detected during animal model testing stages and human randomized clinical trials phases 1/2. Results: From the culture supernatant of the Myxobacterium Myxococcus fulvus 124B02 which was the predominant soil bacterial isolate grown on the Casein yeast peptone plate, Myxopyronin A was produced. The test antibiotic blocked the growth of many Gram +ve bacteria with MICs less than 100 mcg/ ml. In contrast, it inhibited the growth of a few Gram -ve bacteria such as Escherichia coli at MICs greater than 100 mcg/ ml. On the other hand, Eukaryotic cells such as fungal and human cells were not affected. Prokaryotic DNA-dependant-RNA polymerase( RNLP) was noticed to be inhibited via the test antibiotic suggesting its bactericidal action. The maximum concentration was 7-8 mcg/ ml at a maximum time of 2 hours when 600 mg dose was orally administered in randomized human clinical trials phases 1/2, and T1/2 reached 2.5 hours following first-order kinetics of elimination. The duration of its action was nearly 12 hours after oral administration. Rare toxicity was detected during preclinical and randomized human clinical trials phases 1/2 in the form of mild diarrhea and cholestatic jaundice in less than 5 % of experimental candidates. Conclusion: The present study was promising due to the bactericidal antibiotic Myxopyronin A production from Myxococcus fulvus 124B02 isolated from different soil environments in Egypt.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0909.v1

Exploring the Immunomodulatory Potential of Pancreatic Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles through Proteomic and Functional Analyses

Anna Piro, Maria Concetta Cufaro, Paola Lanuti, Davide Brocco, Laura De Lellis, Rosalba Florio, Serena Pilato, Sara Pagotto, Simone De Fabritiis, Simone Vespa, Giulia Catitti, Fabio Verginelli, Pasquale Simeone, Damiana Pieragostino, Piero Del Boccio, Antonella Fontana, Antonino Grassadonia, Alessandro Cama, Serena Veschi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: pancreatic cancer; extracellular vesicles; immune response

Online: 15 April 2024 (07:21:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0801.v1

Targeting Plasmodium Population Bottlenecks with Parasite Ligands as Vaccine Antigens

Shan Khan, Manas Paresh Patel, Aleem Damji Patni, Sung-Jae Cha

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: malaria; ligand-receptor interaction; phage display; vaccine target

Online: 11 April 2024 (11:29:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0708.v1

Comprehensive Overview of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-COV-2 Variants

Lingyan Cui, Tingting Li, Wenhui Xue, Sibo Zhang, Hong Wang, Hongjing Liu, Ying Gu, Ningshao Xia, Shaowei Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 variants; mutations; broadly neutralizing antibodies; epitopes

Online: 10 April 2024 (10:54:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0455.v1

Novel Dairy Fermentates Have Differential Effects on Key Immune Responses Associated with Viral Immunity and Inflammation

Dearbhla Finnegan, Monica A Mechoud, Claire Connolly, Jamie A FitzGerald, Tom Beresford, Harsh Mathur, Lorraine Brennan, Paul D. Cotter, Christine Loscher

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Fermentates; functional food; immune boosting; immunomodulation; anti-inflammatory; viral immunity; chronic inflammation

Online: 7 April 2024 (22:43:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0325.v1

Targeted Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis: a Case for Antigen-specific Tregs

Hans Stauss, Yiya Zhong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Autoimmunity; Multiple sclerosis; TCR; Treg; genetic engineering; adoptive T cell therapy

Online: 4 April 2024 (08:48:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0256.v1

Screening and Production of Thrombolytic Enzymes from Different Soil Environments in Egypt

Mohammed MahmoudShawky Kassab

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: fibrinolytic; enzyme; thrombosis; screening; myocardial infarction

Online: 3 April 2024 (11:13:05 CEST)

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BACKGROUND: Thromboembolic disorders including Myocardial infarction[ MI] and stroke represent the leading causes of death worldwide. Fibrinolytic enzymes extracted from microbial sources showed high efficacy in the dissolution of different blood clots. AIM OF THE STUDY: Screening and the bacterial recombinant DNA manufacture of bacterial fibrinolytic enzymes from different soil environments in Egypt. METHODOLOGY: A total of 50 soil samples were screened for their fibrinolytic enzyme production. The potent fibrinolytic enzyme-producing bacterial isolates were evaluated for their thrombolytic activities using the plasma plate method. The characterization of the enzyme activity and thermostability were carried out; also, the determination of molecular mass using a mass spectrometer and western blot technique was performed. The purification of the fibrinolytic enzymes was done through the affinity chromatography technique. On the other hand, the production of the purified bacterial fibrinolytic enzyme was achieved via bacterial recombinant DNA technology. Formulation of fibrinolytic enzymes in different dosage forms was tried. RESULTS: In the present study, the purified bacterial fibrinolytic enzyme was approximately 83% pure through affinity chromatography and SDS-PAGE assay. The predominating bacterial isolate secreting fibrinolytic enzymes was found to be Bacillus cereus. The fibrinolytic enzyme activities of 50 soil samples were found to be in the range of 0.167-1.853 U/ ml. The fibrinolytic activity of the extracellular enzyme refined from the culture supernatant of Bacillus cereus was relatively stable over the PH range from 7.4-10 for 18 hours and also it showed stability with the highest productivity at a temperature of 43 0C for nearly 60 minutes. The enzyme was called fibrin-proteinase[ FP] in the present study. The FP degraded the fibrin clots via direct thrombolysis. The specific activity and the molecular mass of the FP were estimated to be nearly 40.71 Units/ mg protein and nearly 30 KDa respectively. Protease activity was noticed to be slightly increased in the presence of Fe+3; While it was inhibited in the presence of EDTA. On the other hand, the FP fibrinolytic activity was enhanced greatly after the addition of monovalent cations such as K+1 and Na +1. The enzyme was also active over the temperature range of 20- 65 0C with the highest activity at 55 0C. The optimum temperature and PH of protease production was at 35-43 0C and PH 8.0-10. Conclusion: During the present study, the thermostable fibrinolytic enzyme FP purified from Bacillus cereus in different soil environments in Egypt was a promising fibrinolytic enzyme because it showed a broader efficacious fibrinolytic activity as well as less adverse effects than the current fibrinolytic enzymes globally. It is recommended in the future advanced exploration of the optimization of suitable formulation of bacterial fibrinolytic enzymes to aid in the dissolution of various blood clots and as a consequence overcoming the high rate of mortality globally.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0218.v1

Understanding the Immune System’s Intricate Balance: Activation, Tolerance, and Self-Protection

Wan-Chung Hu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: ACTH; steroid; IgD; gamma-delta T cells; sympathetic; parasympathetic

Online: 3 April 2024 (05:58:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0162.v1

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles Pattern Determined via Bioinformatics

Mohammed Mahmoud Shawky Kassab

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Respiratory syncytial virus; vaccine; mRNA; immunization

Online: 2 April 2024 (05:38:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1876.v1

Regulation of cysteine homeostasis and its effect on Escherichia coli sensitivity to ciprofloxacin in LB medium

Galina Smirnova, Aleksey Tyulenev, Lyubov Sutormina, Tatyana Kalashnikova, Nadezda Muzyka, Vadim Ushakov, Zoya Samoilova, Oleg Oktyabrsky

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: cysteine homeostasis; glutathione; H2S; Fur and SOS regulons; growth; respiration; antibiotics; bacterial survival

Online: 1 April 2024 (10:18:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0002.v1

Modulation of T-cell-dependent humoral immune response to influenza vaccine by multiple antioxidant/immunomodulatory micronutrient supplementation

Biljana Bufan, Nevena Arsenović-Ranin, Irena Živković, Ivana Ćuruvija, Veljko Blagojević, Jelena Kotur-Stevuljević, Gordana Leposavić

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: antioxidant supplementation, influenza vaccine, antibody response, germinal centre reaction

Online: 1 April 2024 (10:06:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1792.v1

Neutrophils Expressing Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Play an Indispensable Role in Effective Bacterial Elimination and Resolving Inflammation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection

Azusa Terasaki, Faizan Ahmed, Alato Okuno, Zhenzi Peng, Duo-Yao Cao, Suguru Saito

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: PD-L1, neutrophil, MRSA, PD-1, immunosuppressive

Online: 29 March 2024 (09:15:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1773.v1

Cystatin F Depletion in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Macrophages Improves Cathepsin C/Granzyme B-driven Cytotoxic Effects on HIV-Infected Cells during Coinfection.

Manoj Mandal, David Pires, Marta Calado, José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira, Elsa Anes

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Cystatin F; Cytotoxic immune cells; Cathepsin C; Granzyme B; Mtb-HIV coinfection

Online: 28 March 2024 (12:52:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1753.v1

Heterozygous SERPINA1 Defects and Their Impact on Clinical Manifestations of Patients with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies

Styliani Sarrou, Ioanna Voulgaridi, Athanasia Fousika, Katerina Dadouli, Olympia Margaritopoulou, Ioannis Kakkas, Christos Hadjichristodoulou, Fani Kalala, Matthaios Speletas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Predominantly antibody deficiencies; common variable immunodeficiency; alpha-1-antitrypsin; SERPINA1; liver disease.

Online: 28 March 2024 (09:58:29 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1697.v1

Gut Microbiome’s Next Generation Probiotic: Akkermansia Overview and Supplementation Health Benefits

Subhendu Nayak, Meghan E McLean, Swetaleena Mishra, Durga Madhab Swain

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Akkermansia muciniphila; gut microbiome; intestinal mucin; probiotic

Online: 28 March 2024 (08:35:36 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1632.v1

Examining Sound, Light, and Vibrations as Tools to Manage Microbes and Support Holobionts, Ecosystems, and Technologies

Rodney R Dietert, Janice M Dietert

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: sound; acoustics, cymatics, light, quantum bacterial antennae; microbe-based technologies; energy transitions; Internet of Microbes; holobiont healing; safety

Online: 27 March 2024 (06:16:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1616.v1

Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Potential of Ethanolic Extracts of Duguetia vallicola (Annonaceae) against in-Hospital Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Orfa Inés Contreras-Martínez, Daniela Sierra-Quiroz, Alberto Angulo-Ortíz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Ethanolic extracts; Duguetia vallicola; antibacterial activity; antibiofilm; Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Online: 26 March 2024 (16:58:43 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1614.v1

Molecular Circuits of Immune Sensing and Response to Oncolytic Virotherapy

Darshak K Bhatt, Toos Daemen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: molecular pathways; oncolytic virus; pattern recognition receptors; transcription factors

Online: 26 March 2024 (16:57:15 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1571.v1

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) and Twelve Groups of Diseases Related- Current State of Knowledge

Paulina Roszkowska, Emilia Klimczak, Ewa Ostrycharz, Aleksandra Rączka, Iwona Wojciechowska-Koszko, Andrzej Dybus, Yeong-Hsiang Cheng, Yu-Hsiang Yu, Szymon Mazgaj, Beata Hukowska-Szematowicz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: mikroflora jelitowa; przerost bakterii jelita cienkiego; SIBO; dieta, dysbioza; ekologia mikrobiologiczna.

Online: 26 March 2024 (10:22:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1515.v1

Novel Fermentates Can Enhance Key Immune Responses Associated with Viral Immunity

Dearbhla Finnegan, Monica A Mechoud, Jamie A Fitzgerald, Tom Beresford, Harsh Mathur, Paul D. Cotter, Christine Loscher

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: fermentates; functional food; immune boosting; immunomodulation; macrophage; viral immunity

Online: 26 March 2024 (08:03:01 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1423.v1

Testing of Biological Products: A Review of Alternative Non-microbiological Techniques for Mycobacterial Testing

Marine Marius, Clothilde Fernandez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Mycobacteria; Mycobacteria detection; contaminants; biological products; biopharmaceutical QC control; nucleic acid amplification techniques; alternative methods

Online: 25 March 2024 (13:08:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1739.v2

Clinical, Laboratory, Imaging and Electrocardiographic Differences between Patients with Lyme Disease and Patients with Lyme Disease and B. divergens Antibodies

María Folgueras, Luis Miguel Gonzalez, Julio Collazos, Mercedes Rodríguez-Pérez, Laura Pérez-ls, Javier Diaz-Arias, María Meana, Belen Revuelta, Estrella Montero, Víctor Asensi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Babesia divergens, babesiosis; Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato; cardiorespiratory simptoms; electrocardiographic (EGC) atrioventricular (AV) block; Lyme disease; myocardial damage

Online: 21 March 2024 (12:17:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1260.v1

Humoral immunity across the SARS-CoV-2 Spike after Sputnik V (Gam‑COVID‑Vac) vaccination

Alejandro Cornejo, Christopher Franco, Mariajose Rodriguez, Alexis García, Inirida Belisario, Soriuska Mayoría, Domingo Jose Garzaro, Jose Luis Zambrano, Rossana Celeste Jaspe, Mariana Hidalgo, Nereida Parra-Gimenez, Franklin Ennodio Claro, Ferdinando Liprandi, Jacobus Henri de Waard, Hector Rafael Rangel, Flor Helene Pujol

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Antibody; ELISA; Spike; S1; S2; RBD; epitopes; Neutralization

Online: 21 March 2024 (09:12:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0960.v1

A Preliminary Study of Antibiofilm Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Actinomycetes Isolated from Bris Soil, Terengganu against Salmonella typhimurium

Anis Amira Azhar, Amira Ahmad

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Salmonella typhimurium; biofilm; actinomycetes; BRIS soil

Online: 18 March 2024 (09:18:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0887.v1

Contribution of the Type III Secretion System (T3SS2) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Mitochondrial Stress and Cell Death in Human Intestinal Cells

Nicolás Plaza, Diliana Pérez-Reytor, Gino Corsini, Katherine García, Ítalo M. Urrutia

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Vibrio parahaemolyticus; T3SS2; foodborne illness; mitochondria; cell death

Online: 15 March 2024 (08:55:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0845.v1

Unraveling the potential of Giardia extracellular vesicles as a vaccine candidat

Clarissa Pérez Faria, Sandra Jesus, Ágata Lourenço, Bárbara Ferreira, Ana Isabel, Daniela Mateus, Bruno Neves, Teresa Rosete, Olga Borges, Maria Do Céu Sousa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: giardiasis; exossomes; microvesicles; macrophage; dendritic cells; in vivo; immune response

Online: 14 March 2024 (09:49:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0561.v2

Genomic and Phenotypic Analysis of Salmonella enterica Bacteriophages Identifies Two Novel Phage Species

Sudhakar Bhandare, Opeyemi U. Lawal, Anna Colavecchio, Brigitte Cadieux, Yella Zahirovich-Jovich, Zeyan Zhong, Elizabeth Tompkins, Margot Amitrano, Irena Kukavica-Ibrulj, Brian Boyle, Siyun Wang, Roger C. Levesque, Pascal Delaquis, Michelle Danyluk, Lawrence Goodridge

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Salmonella; bacteriophage; diversity; host specificity; comparative phylogenomics; food safety.

Online: 13 March 2024 (14:07:08 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0763.v1

Functional genomics and insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis.

Elan May Shellard, Shraddha S Rane, Stephen Eyre, Richard B Warren

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: psoriasis; pathogenesis; tailored medicine; functional genomics; genetics

Online: 13 March 2024 (09:48:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0731.v1

The Prevalence of Antibiotic Tolerance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Varies by Anatomical Site

Margaux Balduck, Akim Strikker, Zina Gestels, Saïd Abdellati, Dorien Van den Bossche, Irith De Baetselier, Chris Kenyon, Sheeba Santhini Manoharan-Basil

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Neisseria gonorrhoeae; tolerance; antimicrobial resistance; anorectal infection; urogenital infection; azithromycin; ceftriaxone; ciprofloxacin

Online: 12 March 2024 (15:33:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0727.v1

Oral Antiviral Defense: Saliva- and Beverage-Like Hypotonicity Dynamically Regulate Formation of Membraneless Biomolecular Condensates of Antiviral Human MxA in Oral Epithelial Cells

Pravin. B Sehgal, Huijuan Yuan, Anthony Centone, Susan V DiSenso-Browne

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: oral/gingival epithelium; environmental hypotonic stress; interferon-λ; human myxovirus re-sistance protein (MxA); biomolecular condensates; membraneless organelles (MLOs); osmoreg-ulation; macromolecular uncrowding and recrowding; regulated volume decrease (RVD)

Online: 12 March 2024 (15:23:39 CET)

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The oral mucosa represents a defense between the external environment and the rest of the body and encompasses several antimicrobial and antiviral mechanisms. Oral mucosal cells are constantly bathed in hypotonic saliva (normally one-third tonicity compared to plasma) and are repeatedly exposed to environmental stresses of tonicity, temperature and pH by the drinks we imbibe (e.g. hypotonic: water, tea, coffee; hypertonic: assorted fruit juices, red wines), as well as of diverse microbial and viral flora. In the mouth, the broad-spectrum antiviral mediator MxA (a dynamin-family large GTPase) is constitutively expressed in healthy periodontal tissues, and also induced by Type III interferons (e.g. IFN-λ1). Endogenously induced human MxA and exogenously expressed human GFP-MxA formed membraneless biomolecular condensates in the cytoplasm of oral carcinoma cells (OECM1 cell line). These condensates likely represent storage granules in equilibrium with antivirally active dispersed MxA. Remarkably, cytoplasmic MxA condensates were exquisitely sensitive sensors of hypotonicity – the condensates in oral epithelium disassembled within 1-2 min of exposure of cells to saliva-like one-third hypotonicity, and spontaneously reassembled in the next 4-7 min. OECM1 cells preloaded with calcein-AM (a reporter of cytosolic “macromolecular crowding”) confirmed unquenching and then requenching of calcein fluorescence during this process. Hypertonicity had little effect on MxA condensates. The spontaneous reassembly of GFP-MxA condensates in oral epithelial cells even under continuous saliva-like hypotonicity was slowed by the protein phosphatase inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA) and by the K-channel blocker tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) suggestive of the involvement of the volume-sensitive WNK kinase-protein phosphatase (PTP)-K-Cl cotransporter (KCC) pathway in the regulated volume decrease (RVD) during condensate reassembly in oral cells. Thus, physiologically, hypotonic drinks (water, tea, coffee) trigger a rapid deployment of antiviral MxA throughout the cytoplasm of oral epithelial cells, with subsequent salvage of MxA back into storage granules/condensates.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0668.v1

Exploring the Role of BRAFV600E in Melanoma Immune Microenvironment and Its Impact on Modulating the IFN-1 Pathway for Therapeutic Response

Fatima Maria Mentucci, Elisa Ayelén Romero Nuñez, Agustina Ercole, Valentina Silvetti, Jessica Dal Col, María Julia Lamberti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: BRAFV600E mutation; IFN-1 pathway; melanoma

Online: 12 March 2024 (13:48:58 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0615.v1

TGFβ Producing Regulatory T Cells Related Tolerable Immunities and Their Relations to Scleroderma and End Organ Failures Including Heart Failure, Liver Cirrhosis, Uremia, and Pulmonary Fibrosis

Wan-Chung Hu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Treg; TGFβ ; Scleroderma; heart failure; liver cirrhosis; uremia; pulmonary fibrosis

Online: 11 March 2024 (13:20:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0561.v1

Genomic and Phenotypic Analysis of Salmonella enterica Bac-Teriophages Identifies Two Novel Phage Species

Sudhakar Bhandare, Opeyemi U. Lawal, Anna Colavecchio, Brigitte Cadieux, Yella Zahirovich-Jovich, Zeyan Zhong, Elizabeth Tompkins, Margot Amitrano, Irena Kukavica-Ibrulj, Brian Boyle, Siyun Wang, Roger C. Levesque, Pascal Delaquis, Michelle Danyluk, Lawrence Goodridge

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Salmonella; bacteriophage; diversity; host specificity; comparative phylogenomics; food safety.

Online: 11 March 2024 (09:30:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0506.v1

Redox Regulation of LAT Enhances T Cell-Mediated Inflammation

Jaime James, Ana Coelho, Gonzalo Fernandez Lahore, Clara Marquina Hernandez, Florian Forster, Bernard Malissen, Rikard Holmdahl

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: NCF1; Reactive Oxygen Species; Linker for Activation of T cells; T cell receptor signaling; Rheumatoid Arthritis

Online: 8 March 2024 (11:03:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0463.v1

Diagnostic Accuracy of Saliva-Based Testing as a Vibrio cholerae Surveillance Tool

Caroline Cleopatra Chisenga, Bernard Phiri, Harriet Ng'ombe, Mutinta Muchimba, Fraser Liswaniso, Biana Bernshtein, Adam F Cunningham, David Sack, Samuel Bosomprah

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: saliva; vibriocidal antibodies; Cholera; natural infection

Online: 8 March 2024 (03:52:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0398.v1

An Immune Escape of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Might Be Different in the Originating-Epithelium, Keratinized or Non-keratinized

Yoshiaki Kistukawa, Chonji Fukumoto, Toshiki Hyodo, Yuske Komiyama, Ryo Shiraishi, Aya Koike, Shuma Yagisawa, Yosuke Kunitomi, Tomonori Hasegawa, Wataru Kotani, Kazuyuki Ishida, Takahiro Wakui, Hitoshi Kawamata

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: immune escape; tumor immunity; immune checkpoint; oral squamous cell carcinoma; programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1); programmed cell death 1-ligand 1 (PD-L1); CD47

Online: 7 March 2024 (07:49:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0351.v1

Efficacy and Immunogenicity of rKVAC85B in a BCG Prime-Boost Regimen Against H37Rv and HN878 Tuberculosis Strains

Eunkyung Shin, Jin-Seung Yun, Young-Ran Lee, Hye-Ran Cha, Soo-Min Kim, Sung-Jae Shin, Sang-Won Lee, Gyung Tae Chung, Dokeun Kim, Jung Sik Yoo, Jong-Seok Kim, Hye-Sook Jeong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; tuberculosis; vaccine; attenuated vaccinia virus; Antigen 85B; immunogenicity; bacterial loads

Online: 6 March 2024 (11:04:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0330.v1

Host-Pathogen Interactions and Correlated Factors That Are Affected in Replicative-Aged Cryptococcus neoformans

Vanessa K.A. Silva, Sungyun Min, Kyungyoon Yoo, Bettina C. Fries

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Aging; cryptococcosis; G2 arrest; intracellular parasitism; phagosomal pH; polysaccharide capsule; vomocytosis; urease

Online: 6 March 2024 (10:58:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0298.v1

A TriAdj-Adjuvanted Chlamydia trachomatis CPAF Protein Vaccine Is Highly Immunogenic in Pigs.

Jessica A Proctor, Maria Stadler, Lizette M Cortes, David Brodsky, Lydia Poisson, Volker Gerdts, Alex I Smirnov, Tatyana I Smirnova, Subarna Barua, Kenneth W Beagley, Jon M Harris, Toni Darville, Tobias Käser

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Chlamydia trachomatis; vaccination; adjuvant; swine; One Health; animal model; chlamydial protease-like activity factor

Online: 6 March 2024 (10:48:38 CET)

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Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infections are the most common sexually-transmitted infection (STI). Despite effective antibiotics for Ct, undetected infections or delayed treatment can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancies, and chronic pelvic pain. Besides humans, chlamydia poses similar health challenges in animals such as C. suis (Cs) in pigs. Based on the similarities between humans and pigs as well as their chlamydia species, we use pigs as a large biomedical animal model for chlamydia research. In this study, we use the pig model to develop a vaccine candidate against Ct. The vaccine candidate consists of TriAdj-adjuvanted chlamydial protease-like activity factor (CPAF) protein. We tested two weekly administration options – twice intranasal (IN) followed by twice intramuscular (IM), or twice IM followed by twice IN. We assessed the humoral immune response not only in serum by CPAF-specific IgG including antibody avidity determination but also in cervical and rectal swabs by CPAF-specific IgG and IgA ELISAs. The systemic T-cell response was analyzed upon in vitro CPAF-restimulation via IFN-γ and IL-17 ELISpots as well as intracellular cytokine staining flow cytometry. Our data demonstrate that while the IN/IM vaccination mainly led to non-significant systemic immune responses, the vaccine candidate is highly immunogenic if administered IM/IN. This vaccination strategy induced high serum anti-CPAF IgG levels with strong avidity as well as high IgA and IgG levels in vaginal and rectal swabs and in uterine horn flushes. In addition, this vaccination strategy prompted a pronounced cellular immune response: Besides inducing IL-17 production, the vaccine candidate induced a strong IFN-γ response by CD4 T cells. In the IM/IN vaccinated pigs, these cells also significantly downregulated their CCR7 expression – a sign for differentiation into peripheral tissue homing effector/ memory cells. Conclusively, this study demonstrates strong immunogenicity of the IM/IN administered TriAdj-adjuvanted Ct CPAF vaccine candidate. Future studies will test vaccine efficacy of this promising Ct vaccine candidate. In addition, this project demonstrates suitability of the Cs pre-exposed outbred pig model for Ct vaccine development. Thereby, we aim to open the bottleneck of large animal models to facilitate the progression of Ct vaccine candidates into clinical trials.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0077.v1

Quantitative Peripheral Live Single T-Cell Dynamic Polyfunctionality as a Predictive Biomarker in Cancer Immunotherapy

Zuan-Fu Lim, Xiaoliang Wu, Lin Zhu, Heidar Albandar, Maria Hafez, Chenchen Zhao, Mohammed Almubarak, Matthew B Smolkin, Hong Zheng, Sijin Wen, Patrick C Ma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: cancer immunotherapy; single cell analysis; predictive biomarkers; immune cytokine profiling; polyfunctionality; polyfunctional strength index; lung cancer

Online: 4 March 2024 (10:48:06 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0102.v1

A role of trace amine-associated receptors in the immune system function

Vyacheslav I. Moiseenko, Vera A. Apryatina, Raul R. Gainetdinov, Sergey A. Apryatin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Trace Amine-Associated Receptors; trace amines; immune system; G protein-coupled receptors; lymphoid cells; myeloid cells

Online: 4 March 2024 (10:37:09 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0007.v1

Safety of Repeated Administration of Xenogeneic Human Apoptotic State (Allocetra-Ots) in Sprague Dawley Rats

Chen Ankri, Oren Hershkovitz, Liat Hershkovitz, Meital Brami, Ronnie Levy, Hadar Sarig, Einat Souli, Barak Reicher, Veronique Amor-Baroukh, Dror Mevorach, Abraham Nyska

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: cell-based therapies; human apoptotic cells; PBMC; safety

Online: 1 March 2024 (07:44:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1756.v1

Malian children core gut mycobiome

Abdourahim Abdillah, Kodio Aly, Stéphane Ranque

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Fungal gut community structure; gut mycobiome; core mycobiome; ITS metabarcoding; children; Dogon country

Online: 29 February 2024 (17:02:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1714.v1

Candida tropicalis critically affects Candida albicans virulence by limiting its capacity to adhere to the host intestinal surface leading to decreased susceptibility to colitis in mice

Kyle Roberts, Abdullah Osme, Carlo De Salvo, Eleonora Zoli, Janet Herrada, Thomas McCormick, Mahmoud Ghannoum, Fabio Cominelli, Luca Di Martino

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: C. albicans; colitis; C. tropicalis; mycobiome; biofilm

Online: 29 February 2024 (10:53:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1664.v1

Antifungal Activity of Brilacidin, a Nonpeptide Host Defense Molecule

David J. Larwood, David A Stevens

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: brilacidin; synthetic nonpeptide mimetics; antifungal activity; defensins; antimicrobial peptides; AMP

Online: 29 February 2024 (09:16:28 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1614.v1

Type 2 Hypersensitivity Disorders including Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Sjogren’s Syndrome, Grave’s Disease, Myasthenia Gravis, Immune Thrombocytopenia, Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Dermatomyositis, and Graft versus Host Disease Are THab Dominant A

Wan-Chung Hu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: autoimmune diseases; type 2 hypersensitivity; Tr1; SLE; Myasthenia gravis; Grave’ s disease; GvHD; Sjogren’ s syndrome; AIHA; ITP; dermatomyositis

Online: 28 February 2024 (13:48:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1524.v1

Coccomyxa Kj Components Enhance the Expression of Metallothioneins and Th17 Cytokines during Human T Cell Activation

Toshiro Seki, Shino Oshima, Satoko Komatsu, Soga Yamada, Hirofumi Kashiwagi, Yumiko Goto, Banri Tsuda, Akiko Kanno, Atsushi Yasuda, Hitoshi Kuno, Noriko Tsuji, Takashi Shiina, Yoshie Kametani

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Coccomyxa subellipsoidea KJ; metallothioneins; Th17 cytokines; T cell activation; immunoregulation; transcriptome analysis; peripheral blood mononuclear cells; inflammatory factors; toxic shock syndrome toxin-1; immune regulatory drugs

Online: 27 February 2024 (10:26:51 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1353.v1

Advancements in Fish Vaccination: Current Innovations and Future Horizons in Aquaculture Health Management

Garima S Rathor, Banikalyan Swain

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Infectious disease agents in aquaculture; Fish Vaccine, Fish immunology; Bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases in aquaculture; Recombinant live attenuated, subunit, DNA, and RNA vaccines for fish; Sustainability of aquaculture; The innate and adaptive immune system of fish; Fish immunological mechanisms

Online: 24 February 2024 (08:58:46 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1384.v1

Beyond Antibiotics: Emerging Antivirulence Strategies to Combat Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis

Umang Mudgil, Lavanya Khullar, Jatin Chadha, Prerna Prerna, Kusum Harjai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Cystic fibrosis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Antivirulence therapy; Quorum quenching and biofilm inhibition; Lectin and efflux pump inhibitors; Iron chelation

Online: 23 February 2024 (15:01:30 CET)

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that poses a significant threat to individuals with chronic respiratory ailments, such as cystic fibrosis (CF). The pathogen is highly prevalent in CF individuals and is responsible for chronic infection, resulting in severe tissue damage and poor patient outcome. However, early detection and immediate treatment are critical to prevent bacterial persistence and establishment of chronic infection. Presently, antibiotics including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, polymyxins, and fluoroquinolones along with anti-inflammatory medications are being used to treat P. aeruginosa infections in CF patients. However, prolonged antibiotic administration has led to the emergence of widespread multidrug resistance in P. aeruginosa (CF isolates), contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and failure of antimicrobial therapies. Thus, exploring viable alternatives such as antivirulence therapeutics can be vital towards managing pseudomonal infections in CF patients and mitigating the risk of AMR. In this direction, antivirulence strategies achieving targeted inhibition of bacterial virulence pathways/factors, including quorum sensing, efflux pumps, lectins, and iron chelators, have been widely explored against CF isolates of P. aeruginosa. Simultaneously, there have been discussions about the sufficiency of in vitro findings and their successful translation in pulmonary infection models (in vivo) for the clinical implementation of antivirulence therapies hence, this review article presents a bird’s eye view on the pulmonary infections involving P. aeruginosa in CF patients by laying emphasis on factors contributing to bacterial colonization, persistence, and disease progression along with the current line of therapeutics against P. aeruginosa in CF while underscoring the limitation of antimicrobial approaches. We further collate scientific literature and comprehensively discuss the various antivirulence strategies that have been successfully tested against P. aeruginosa isolates from CF patients. This could pave the way towards a paradigm shift towards clinical therapy of pseudomonal infections in CF and can potentially override conventional antimicrobial treatments.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1309.v1

Conserved Functions of Orthohepadnavirus X Proteins to Inhibit Type-I Interferon Signaling

Amonrat Choonnasard, Maya Shofa, Tamaki Okabayashi, Akatsuki Saito

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Orthohepadnavirus, X protein, domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH), hepatitis B virus (HBV), interferon-β signaling pathway

Online: 22 February 2024 (13:25:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1137.v1

The Impact of Candida albicans in the Development, Kinetics, Structure, and Cell Viability of Biofilms on Implant Surfaces. An In Vitro Study with a Validated Multispecies Biofilm Model

Enrique Bravo, Marion Arce, Honorato Ribeiro-Vidal, David Herrera, Mariano Sanz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: peri-implantitis; oral biofilm; Candida albicans; scanning electron microscopy; confocal laser scanning microscopy; quantitative polymerase chain reaction

Online: 20 February 2024 (14:39:44 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1123.v1

Exploring Diagnostic Methods for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Overview

Andrea Sanchini, Alessio Lanni, Federico Giannoni, Alessandro Mustazzolu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; multidrug-resistant; extensively drug-resistant; diagnostic methods; point-of-care; phenotypic methods; molecular methods; drug resistance detection; rapid test

Online: 20 February 2024 (11:46:19 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1040.v1

Delving into the Structural and Functional Characteristics of Mur Family Proteins in Acinetobacter baumannii strain AYE: A comprehensive Review

Gizachew Muluneh Amera, Giulia Canarutto, Monika Jain, Gedefaw Wubie, Mussa Adal, Rashmi Prabha Singh, Jayaraman Muthukumaran, Amit Kumar Singh, Silvano Piazza

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Antibacterial drug design; Peptidoglycan; Mur

Online: 19 February 2024 (10:26:59 CET)

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Abstract: A. baumannii exhibits resilience in harsh environments and progressively develops resistance to diverse antibacterial agents over time. This adaptability poses a significant challenge in treating an infection caused by this bacterium within healthcare settings. The presence of peptidoglycan, a crucial precursor for cell wall synthesis, contributes to this challenge. Peptidoglycan serves not only as a structural support in bacterial cells but also provides protection against adverse environmental conditions. The synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer involves a group of substrates such as N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), within a three-partitioned process occurring in the membrane, periplasmic space, and cytoplasm of each bacterium. Initiated in the cytoplasm and extending to the inner cell membrane, this synthesis starts with the production of nucleotide precursors. The first step involves the synthesis of UDP-GlcNAc, orchestrated by Glm (GlmS, GlmM, and GlmU) enzymes using fructose-6-phosphate. Subsequently, enzymes from the Mur family, namely MurB, MurA, MurD, MurC, MurI, MurF, and MurE, synthesize UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-pentapeptide (UDP-Mpp) from UDP-GlcNAc. Concurrently, on the cytosolic side, the production of membrane-surrounded undecaprenyl phosphate occurs, involving membrane-side proteins MraY and MurG in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan. This review emphasizes updated information on Mur family proteins, encompassing physicochemical properties, nature of binding site, number and type of binding site residues, functional domain details, three-dimensional structural aspects, and their functions within bacterial cells. Special attention is directed towards their enzymatic role in peptidoglycan biosynthesis due to the limited availability of precursors in the market. Additionally, the review provides a comprehensive summary of existing inhibitors and ongoing efforts in identifying new targeted inhibitors, recognizing these enzymes as potential candidates for antibacterial drug design and discovery.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0756.v1

Sleep Restriction Modulates B‐1 Cell Response Following Fungal Infection

Andrey Sladkevicius Vidal, Anuska Marcelino Alvares-Saraiva, Wilson Dias Segura, Patricia Xander, Ronni Rômulo Novaes e Brito

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Sleep restriction; B-1 cell; Candida albicans; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis; TLR

Online: 14 February 2024 (07:34:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0582.v1

Seroconversion and Kinetics of Vibriocidal Antibodies during the First 90 Days of Re-vaccination with Oral Cholera Vaccine in an Endemic Population

Caroline Cleopatra Chisenga, Bernard Phiri, Harriet Ngombe, Mutinta Muchimba, Kalo Musukuma, Suwilanji Silwamba, Natasha Makabilo Laban, Charlie Luchen, Fraser Liswaniso, Kennedy Chibesa, Cynthia Mubanga, Kapambwe Mwape, Michelo Simuyandi, Adam F. Cunningham, David A Sack, Samuel Bosomprah

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Vibrio Cholerae; Shanchol Vaccine; Immunogenicity; HIV; Waning; Cholera Priority Areas

Online: 9 February 2024 (11:38:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0541.v1

Booster Vaccination with BNT162b2 Improves Cellular and Humoral Immune Response in the Pediatric Population Immunized with CoronaVac

Diego Díaz-Dinamarca, Simone Cárdenas-Cáceres, Nicolás A. Muena, Pablo Diaz, Gisselle Barra, Rodrigo Puentes, Daniel F. Escobar, Michal Díaz-Samirin, Natalia Santis Alay, Cecilia Canales, Janepsy Díaz, Heriberto E. García-Escorza, Alba Grifoni, Alessandro Sette, Nicole D. Tischler, Abel E Vasquez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies; COVID-19; Pediatric Population; BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech); CoronaVac (Sinovac); Heterologous vaccination; Chile

Online: 9 February 2024 (09:16:59 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0469.v1

Review into the Insights of the Immune System and Genome of the Marsupials. A Case Presentation of a West Indian Opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) with Leukopenia and Bacterial Infections.

Angel Vaillant, Sachin Soodeen, Darren Gopaul, Rodolfo Arozarena-Fundora

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Opossum; Marsupials; immune system; biochemistry; genome; bacterial diseases; leukopaenia; anaemia

Online: 8 February 2024 (09:40:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0439.v2

Acod1 Mediate Anti-inflammatory Treg Function in Sepsis

Michel-Edwar Mickael, Norwin Kubick, Atanas G. Atansov, Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk, Piotr Religa, Mariusz Sacharczuk, Michał Ławiński

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: CD4; sepsis; Treg; metabolism

Online: 8 February 2024 (07:32:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0439.v1

Acod1 Mediate Anti-inflammatory Treg Function in Sepsis

Michel-Edwar Mickael, Norwin Kubick, Atanas G. Atansov, Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk, Piotr Religa, Mariusz Sacharczuk, Michał Ławiński

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: CD4; sepsis; Treg; metabolism

Online: 7 February 2024 (11:38:55 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0324.v1

Back to the Future: Immune Protection or Enhancement of Future Coronaviruses.

Merit Bartels, Eric Sala Sole, Lotte M Sauerschnig, Ger T Rijkers

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; human coronaviruses; conserved T cell epitopes; antibody dependent enhancement; original antigenic sin.

Online: 6 February 2024 (10:40:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0222.v1

Frankincense (Boswellia serrata) Extract Effects on the Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Intracellular Infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in Human Gingival Epithelial Cells

David Vang, Aline Cristina de Abreu Moreira-Souza, Nicholas Zusman, German Moncada, Harmony Matshik Dakafay, Homayon Asadi, David M. Ojcius, Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Porphyromonas gingivalis; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Boswellia serrata; biofilm; epithelial cells

Online: 5 February 2024 (05:37:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0093.v1

Humoral Immune Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor Binding Motif Linear Epitopes

Maria E.S. Monteiro, Guilherme C. Lechuga, Paloma Napoleão-Pêgo, João P. R. S. Carvalho, Larissa R Gomes, Carlos M. Morel, D. William Provance, Jr., Salvatore G. De-Simone

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; variants; spike glycoprotein; receptor binding motif; receptor binding domain; neutralizing antibodies; Ig subclasses; IgG; IgA

Online: 2 February 2024 (07:31:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0018.v1

First Report of the Emerging Pathogen Kodamaea ohmeri in Honduras

Bryan Ortiz, Roque López, Carlos Muñóz, Kateryn Aguilar, Fernando Pérez, Isis Laínez-Arteaga, Fernando Chávez, Celeste Galindo, Luis Rivera, Manuel G Ballesteros-Monrreal, Pablo Mendez-Pfeiffer, Dora Valencia, Gustavo Fontecha

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Kodamaea ohmeri; Honduras; virulence; diagnosis; adhesion; macrophages

Online: 1 February 2024 (08:35:19 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2227.v1

Immune Cytolytic Activity and Strategies for Therapeutic Treatment

Stephanie Agioti, Apostolos Zaravinos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Cytolytic Activity (CYT); Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs); Gene Expression Profiling; Spatial Analysis Techniques; Immune Checkpoint Pathways; Tumor Microenvironment (TME); Antigen Presentation; Metabolic Pathways

Online: 31 January 2024 (12:32:26 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2162.v1

New Approaches in Visceral Leishmaniasis Prevention: A Review of Recent Patents of Potential Candidates for a Chimeric Protein Vaccine

Diana Souza de Oliveira, Maykelin Fuentes Zaldívar, Ana Alice Maia Gonçalves, Lucilene Aparecida Resende, Reysla Maria da Silveira Mariano, Diogo Fonseca Soares Pereira, Ingrid Soares Santos, Mariana Amália Figueiredo Costa, Daniel Ferreira Lair, Diego Fernandes Vilas-Boas, Eiji Nakasone Nakasone, Ingrid de Sousa Ameno, Wanessa Moreira Goes, Denise da Silveira-Lemos, Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino, Ronaldo Alves Pinto Nagem, Walderez Ornelas Dutra, Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Visceral Leishmaniasis; vaccine; chimeric proteins; patents

Online: 31 January 2024 (05:56:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2016.v1

Bioinformatics Insights on Viral Gene Expression Transactivation: From HIV-1 to SARS-CoV-2

Roberto Patarca, William A. Haseltine

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: transactivation; HIV; SARS-CoV-2; TAR; Tat; nucleocapsid; RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; HEMIX; pan-coronaviral target; long COVID

Online: 29 January 2024 (13:08:26 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1967.v1

Microbiome Modulates Immune System to Influence Cancer Therapy

Ruchi Roy, Sunil Kumar Singh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: microbiota; Probiotics; cancer immune therapy

Online: 29 January 2024 (04:48:25 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1920.v1

Types of Cell Death and Their Relations to Host Immunological Pathways

Wan-Chung Hu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: cell death; immune response; infection

Online: 26 January 2024 (13:46:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1923.v1

Exploring the In Vitro Antibacterial Potential of Specific Probiotic Strains Against Oral Pathogens

Diletta Francesca Squarzanti, Federica Dell'Atti, Alessandro Calogero Scalia, Ziba Najmi, Andrea Cochis, Patrizia Malfa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: probiotics; oral; pathogens; infection; host interaction; microbiota; dysbiosis

Online: 26 January 2024 (12:40:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1886.v1

Porcine Monocyte DNA Traps Formed During Infection With Zoonotic Clostridioides difficile Strains

Jade Lawrence, Paul Barrow, Neil Foster

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Clostridiodes (Clostridium) difficile; Monocyte; DNA traps; Etosis; Pigs

Online: 26 January 2024 (08:31:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1847.v1

Inhibition of the Microbicidal Activity of Canine Macrophages DH82 Cell Line by Capsular Polysaccharides from Cryptococcus neoformans

Isabel Ferreira LaRocque-de-Freitas, Elias Barbosa Da Silva-Junior, Leticia Paixão Gemieski, Beatriz da Silva Dias Lima, Aislan de Carvalho Vivarini, Ulisses G. Lopes, Leonardo Freire-de-Lima, Alexandre Morrot, Jose Osvaldo Previato, Lucia Mendonça-Previato, Lucia Helena Pinto-da-Silva, Celio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima, Debora Decote-Ricardo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Canine Macrophages; Capsular Polysaccharides; Inhibition; Cryptococcosis

Online: 26 January 2024 (06:57:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1782.v1

Refinement of the rKLi8.3 Based Serodiagnostic Elisa Allows Detection of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Dogs with Low Antibody Titers

Henrique Couto Teixeira, Giulia Pereira Costa Valle, Rouzbeh Mahdavi, Priscila Santos Martins Dias, Erick Esteves De Oliveira, Cristina Aira, Daniela Heinz, Andreas Latz, Marta de Lana, Fernanda Morgado, Renato Porrozzi, Ulrich Steinhoff

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Leishmaniasis; Canine leishmaniosis; Sero-Diagnosis; Recombinant proteins; Kinesins; POC diagnostics; Asymptomatic CanL

Online: 24 January 2024 (14:47:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1736.v1

Techniques for Theoretical Prediction of Immunogenic Peptides

Robert Friedman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: immunogenetics; immunogenic peptides; pathogenic organism; vertebrate host; computational models; protein structure; T-cell receptor; adaptive immunity; deep learning.

Online: 24 January 2024 (11:05:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1746.v1

COVID-19 Variants and Vaccine Development

Ziyao Zhao, Sahra Bashiri, Zyta M. Ziora, Istvan Toth, Mariusz Skwarczynski

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Mutations; Variants; Vaccination; Vaccine effectiveness

Online: 24 January 2024 (08:53:45 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1708.v1

ATF4 Signaling in HIV Infection: Viral Subversion of a Stress Response Transcription Factor

Adrien Corne, Florine Adolphe, Jérôme Estaquier, Sébastien Gaumer, Jean-Marc Corsi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: ISR; AIDS; immunity; mitochondria; ER stress; UPR

Online: 23 January 2024 (15:30:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1704.v1

Wounds of Companion Animals as Habitat of Potentially Harmful to Humans Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria – Phenotypic, Proteomic and Molecular Detection

Anna Lenart-Boroń, Klaudia Stankiewicz, Natalia Czernecka, Anna Ratajewicz, Klaudia Bulanda, Miłosz Heliasz, Daria Sosińska, Kinga Dworak, Dominika Ciesielska, Izabela Siemińska, Marek Tischner

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: antibiotic resistant bacteria; antibiotic resistance genes; companion animals; veterinary medicine; wound infections

Online: 23 January 2024 (15:07:26 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0948.v2

A Global Review of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease from 2000–2023: Current Status, Challenges and Future Perspectives

Abas Mahammed Abdi, Desta Damtie Yehualaw, Tirusew Sema Kebede, Ziad Abdilahi Darod

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Haemophilus influenzae; Serotype; Genomic; Invasive disease; Bacteria

Online: 23 January 2024 (03:44:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1577.v1

Synanthropic Rodents and Shrews Are Reservoirs of Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens and Act as Sentinels for Antimicrobial Resistance Spillover in the Environment: A Study from Puducherry, India

Nivedha Devanathan, Hirak Kumar Mukhopadhyay, Krishan Kumar Sihag, Terence Nathan Anthony, Aravindasamy Chakkaravarthi, Lakshmy Srinivasan, Mouttou Vivek Srinivas, Jayalakshmi Vasu, Venkatesa Perumal Shanmugam, Manju Rahi, Panneer Devaraju

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Rodents and Shrews; MRSA, ESBL; Salmonella sp; AMR; Sentinels; Drug resistance

Online: 22 January 2024 (10:44:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1373.v1

Antibody-Dependent Respiratory Burst against Plasmodium falciparum Merozoites in Individuals Living in an Area with Declining Malaria Transmission

Doreen David Mutemi, James Tuju, Rodney Ogwang, Lydia Nyamako, Kennedy Mwai Wambui, Ivette Raices Cruz, Pär Villner, Victor Yman, Samson Muchina Kinyanjui, Ingegerd Rooth, Billy Ngasala, Anna Färnert, Faith Osier

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Plasmodium; falciparum; malaria; transmission; ADRB; immunity; vaccines

Online: 18 January 2024 (07:22:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1328.v1

Proteomics-Based RT-qPCR and Functional Analysis of 18 Genes in Metronidazole Resistance of Bacteroides fragilis

Bakhtiyar Mahmood, Anna Paunkov, Malgorzata Kupc, Katalin Burián, Erzsébet Nagy, David Leitsch, József Sóki

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Bacteroides, metronidazole, nim, resistance mechanism, RT-qPCR

Online: 17 January 2024 (13:06:47 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1280.v1

Burkholderia pseudomallei Complex Subunit and Glycoconjugate Vaccines and Their Potential to Elicit Cross-Protection to Burkholderia cepacia complex.

Alexander J Badten, Alfredo G Torres

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Burkholderia pseudomallei; Burkholderia mallei; Burkholderia cepacia complex; melioidosis; glanders; cystic fibrosis; vaccines; subunit; glycoconjugate

Online: 17 January 2024 (08:35:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1172.v1

Study of the Bacterial, Fungal, and Archaeal Communities Structures near the Bulgarian Antarctic Research Base “St. Kliment Ohridski” on Livingston Island, Antarctica

Vesselin V. Doytchinov, Slavil Peykov, Svetoslav G. Dimov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: amplicon-based metagenomics; polar microorganisms; environmental microbiomes

Online: 16 January 2024 (13:50:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0962.v1

Non-thermal Plasma Reduces HSV-1 Infection of and Replication in HaCaT Keratinocytes In Vitro

Julia Sutter, Jascha Brettschneider, Brian Wigdahl, Peter J. Bruggeman, Fred Krebs, Vandana Miller

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Non-thermal plasma cold atmospheric plasma; low temperature plasma; antiviral; HSV-1 latency; herpes labialis; HSV-1 reactivation; dielectric barrier discharge; cold sore; reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Online: 12 January 2024 (10:06:08 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0976.v1

Exploring HIV Vaccine Progress in Pre-clinical and Clinical Settings: From History to Future Prospects.

Amitinder Kaur, Monica Vaccari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: HIV; vaccine development; preventive strategies; non-human primate model (NHP)

Online: 12 January 2024 (08:51:18 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0882.v1

Advances of Immunotherapies for Pediatric Brain Tumors

Jian Li, Xiaoxiao Zhao, Yanxin Pei

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: medulloblastoma; pediatric glioma; DIPG; ependymoma; immunotherapy

Online: 11 January 2024 (08:07:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0894.v1

Anti-cariogenic Effects of S. cerevisiae and S. boulardii in S. mutans–C. albicans Cross-Kingdom In Vitro Model

Dina Yousif, Yan Wu, Alexandria Azul Gonzales, Christa Mathieu, Yan Zeng, Sample Lee, Sabrina Terando, Ting Li, Jin Xiao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces boulardii; Candida albicans; cross-kingdom interaction; pH; Dental caries

Online: 11 January 2024 (08:04:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0850.v1

Virulence Genes and Genomic Features of Colistin Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Colonizing the Intestinal Tracts of Hospitalized Patients in a Tertiary Hospital, Uganda.

Maximilian A.K. Magulye, Reuben S. Maghembe, Simon Sekyanzi, Beatrice Achan, Savannah Mwesigwa, Eric Katagirya

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae; virulence; genome; whole genome sequences (WGS); colistin resistance

Online: 10 January 2024 (16:17:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0820.v1

Enterotoxins of EGC Cluster Prevalence in Staphylococcus aureus Collected from Clinical Samples of Paraguayan Children

Fátima Rodríguez A., Claudia Salinas D., Sergio Franco A., And Rosa Guillén F.

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; enterotoxin gene cluster (EGC); children

Online: 10 January 2024 (11:07:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0815.v1

The Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG1 and IgG3 Antibody Isotypes with Limited Neutralizing Capacity against Omicron Elicited in a Latin Population Switch toward IgG4 after Multiple Doses with the mRNA Pfizer-BioNTech Vaccine.

Ana M Espino, Albersy Armina-Rodriguez, Laura Alvarez, Carlimar Ocasio, Riseilly Ramos-Nieves, Esteban I Rodríguez-Martinó, Paola López-Marte, Esther A. Torres, Carlos A. Sariol

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Covid-19; IgG4; Switch class; ELISA; neutralizing antibody

Online: 10 January 2024 (11:06:22 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0778.v1

Perspectives on Microbiome Therapeutics in Infectious Diseases: A Comprehensive Approach beyond Immunology and Microbiology

Hoonhee Seo, Ho-Yeon Song

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Keywords: human microbiome; infectious disease; resistance; tolerance; cooperative defense system

Online: 10 January 2024 (10:05:29 CET)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0750.v1

Comprehensive Insights Into Modrna Vaccines: persistent Pp-spike Recombinant Protein, Hyperimmune/inflammatory Reactions, Thrombotic Vasculopathy, Chronic Organ Complications, And Excess Deaths.

Ronald palacios castrillo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: ModRNA vaccines; PP-Spike ; protein; persistent ; PP-Spike protein; Spike-induced thrombotic vasculopathy.

Online: 9 January 2024 (16:03:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0667.v1

Comparative Antifungal Activity of Commercial Probiotics against Candida albicans – an Invitro Study

Manthra Srinivasan, Shilpa Syam

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Antimicrobial; Yeast; In vitro; Sabouraud Dextrose Agar; Culture; Infection

Online: 9 January 2024 (10:32:31 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0708.v1

Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Induce Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Bone Marrow via Activation of Jnk Signaling Pathway

Hyun Ju Lee, Joo Youn Oh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Bone marrow; JNK; MAPK; Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells; Myeloid-derived suppressor cells

Online: 9 January 2024 (10:18:51 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0567.v1

Bromelain: Unveiling its Potential as a Natural Anti-Inflammatory Agent through Effective Binding to Apoptosis-associated Speck-like Containing CARD (ASC)

Ivan Vito Ferrari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Apoptosis-associated speck-like containing; Bromelain; HDOCK SERVER

Online: 8 January 2024 (06:53:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0509.v1

Extended Cleavage Specificity of Two Hematopoietic Serine Proteases from a Ray-Finned Fish, the Spotted Gar (Lepisosteus oculatus)

Paolo Valentini, Srinivas Akula, Abigail Alvarado-Vazquez, Jenny Hallgren, Zhirong Fu, Brett Racicot, Ingo Braasch, Michael Thorpe, Lars Hellman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: fish; serine protease; cleavage specificity; tryptase; macrophage; evolution.

Online: 5 January 2024 (16:45:20 CET)

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