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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0338.v1

Phylogeographic Description of Histoplasma capsulatum, United States

Ujwal R Bagal, Lalitha Gade, Kaitlin Benedict, Victoria Howell, Natalie Christophe, Suzanne Gibbons-Burgener, Sara Hallyburton, Malia Ireland, Stephanie McCracken, Alison Keyser Metobo, Kimberly Signs, Kimberly A. Warren, Anastasia P Litvintseva, Nancy A Chow

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Histoplasmosis; Histoplasma capsulatum; genome; clades; genomic; epidemiology

Online: 4 August 2023 (07:15:15 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1097.v1

Epidemiological Aspects of Tinea Capitis among Children Attending to Koranic Schools in Senegal (Thiés)

Khadime Sylla, Souleye Lelo, Ibrahima Diop, Cheikh Binetou Fall, Isaac Akhenaton Manga, Magatte Ndiaye, Doudou Sow, Roger Clément Tine, Babacar Faye

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Tinea capitis; Epidemiology; Children; Koranic Schools; Senegal

Online: 15 June 2023 (08:11:19 CEST)

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Introduction: Scalp ringworms or Tinea capitis are ubiquitous superficial fungal infections of the scalp and hair. They represent the most common dermatophytic in the world. They reach almost exclusively pre-pubescent children and mainly school-aged children. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of tinea capitis and its associated factors among residents of koranic schools located in the Thiès region of Senegal. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2019 to March 2020. School children living in Thiès region (Central part of Senegal) were included in this study. Socio-demographic, clinical and biological data were collected standard questionary. Samples collected were examined directly and developed on a medium of Sabouraud-Chloramphenicol and Sabouraud-Chloramphenicol-Actidione. A descriptive analysis was done with the Stata MP. Risk factors were assessed by multivariate survey logistic regression models. Significance level of the different tests was 0.05 two-sided. Results: A total of 110 children were included in this study. The mean age was 9 years and the population was predominantly male (96.4%). The average number of residents in Koranic schools was 112. The prevalence of scalp ringworms was 68.2% [(75/110) (95% CI: 53.6 – 85.5)]. The fungal species found were Trichophyton soudanense (93.4%), Microsporum audouinii (2.7%). Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton violaceum were found with each (1.3%). Parasitism was endothrix-like in 86.7%. Children over 10 years old were more affected (72.9%), OR =2,16, CI (0,48 - 9,69). The rate of positivity was higher in children with small plaques (72.7%). Children with irregular-edged plaques were most affected (76.5%), Prevalence was higher among children who slept at more than 3 per mattress (79.1%), OR=1.82 (95% CI: 1.08 – 3.04). Conclusion: These results showed that Tinea capitis are frequent in children living in community. Trichophyton soudanense is the main fungal specie identified. Better knowledge of the epidemiology of these diseases and improved living conditions for children in Koranic schools could help improve patient management.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0556.v2

SamPy: A New Python Library for Stochastic Spatial Agent-Based Modeling in Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases

Francois Viard, Emily Acheson, Agathe Allibert, Caroline Sauve, Patrick Leighton

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Agent-based-model; epidemiology; python; zoonotic diseases

Online: 1 December 2022 (02:09:32 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0345.v1

Current Status of Tungiasis in Endemic Areas. Prevalence, Risk Factors, Prevention

Valeri Velev

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dermatology Keywords: Tungiasis; Tunga penetrans; neglected tropical diseases; epidemiology

Online: 18 November 2022 (02:48:20 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0340.v1

Current Status of Tungiasis in Endemic Areas. Prevalence, Risk Factors, Prevention

Valeri R Velev

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dermatology Keywords: Tungiasis; Tunga penetrans; neglected tropical diseases; epidemiology

Online: 17 November 2022 (12:53:26 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0422.v1

Histamine Intolerance in Children

Wojciech Nazar, Katarzyna Plata-Nazar, Katarzyna Sznurkowska, Agnieszka Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: children; histamine intolerance; nutrition; diagnostic algorithm; epidemiology

Online: 16 March 2021 (12:19:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0187.v1

Socio-Economic Patterns of COVID-19 During the Pandemic in Italy

Alberto Mateo-Urdiales, Massimo Fabiani, Aldo Rosano, Maria Fenicia Vescio, Martina Del Manso, Antonino Bella, Flavia Riccardo, Patrizio Pezzotti, Enrique Regidor, Xanthi Andrianou

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: COVID-19; HEALTH INEQUALITIES; DEPRIVATION; SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

Online: 8 February 2021 (11:04:18 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

An Amplicon-Based Approach for the Whole Genome Sequencing of Human Metapneumovirus

Rachel Tulloch, Jen Kok, Ian Carter, Dominic Dwyer, John-Sebastian Eden

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: human metapneumovirus; whole genome sequencing; genomic epidemiology

Online: 3 February 2021 (10:08:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0366.v1

Hereditary Hematologic Disorders in Najaf Province-Iraq

Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim, Ammar Kadhum Abdulla, Abbass F. Almulla, Michael Maes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: hereditary hematological disorder; Najaf; thalassemia; epidemiology; consanguinity

Online: 20 April 2020 (15:45:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0267.v1

Modeling the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak in Sicily, Italy

Andrea Maugeri, Martina Barchitta, Sebastiano Battiato, Antonella Agodi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: novel coronavirus; COVID-19; epidemic model; epidemiology

Online: 16 April 2020 (08:24:07 CEST)

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Working Paper CONCEPT PAPER

Public Use of Masks to Control the Coronavirus Pandemic

Nicholas R. Longrich, Samuel K. Sheppard

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; face masks; epidemiology; coronavirus; pandemics

Online: 12 April 2020 (08:41:58 CEST)

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The current Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is unprecedented in recent history and threatens the lives and livelihoods of billions worldwide. The rapid spread and lack of modern parallels have left governments, health agencies, and the public racing to understand how to best mitigate and ultimately suppress the pandemic, but we are still working to understand the strengths and weaknesses of various interventions at our disposal. Few issues have been as contentious as the public use of face masks to control the pandemic’s spread. There is ongoing debate about their effectiveness, but an increasing body of evidence suggests that masks could be a useful in preventing the spread of coronavirus, leading several governments and health agencies to review and revise their policies. Here, we review the theory and evidence behind use of masks. The theory behind masks is that they prevent the spread of viral particles by infected persons, and inhalation of viral particles by uninfected persons. Even assuming masks are not 100% effective in preventing infection, they may reduce severity of infection by reducing viral dosing. Laboratory studies suggest masks may be effective in stopping both exhalation and inhalation of viral particles. However, real-world studies provided limited evidence for the use of masks in controlling influenza transmission and highlight potential problems associated with their misuse, such as poor compliance or improper use. Evidence for efficacy of face masks against the first SARS virus, SARS-CoV-1, implies that they may be effective against the current outbreak of SARS-Cov-2 virus. This is important as mathematical modeling suggests that even small reductions of in transmission rates can make a large difference over time, potentially slowing the pace of viral pandemics and limiting their spread. Perhaps the strongest argument for the use of masks is that countries with early adoption of masks have tended to see flatter pandemic curves, even without strict nationwide lockdowns. There is little evidence that respirators are more effective than surgical masks, but this may be due to misuse or poor compliance. Studies suggest some non-medical masks perform on par with medical masks. Improvised masks are less effective than medical masks, but may provide better protection than nothing at all. While many governments now encourage the use of improvised face coverings, more will need to be known about material, design, and who needs to wear masks, and when, to ensure effectiveness. Proper use of masks will also be important; if masks are used improperly or infrequently they may provide limited protection. It is important that public health policy makers consider the debate and the potential of masks as part of multi-faceted coronavirus control strategies.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0052.v1

Estimation of Unreported Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infections from Reported Deaths: a Susceptible Exposed Infectious Recovered Dead Model

Andrea Maugeri, Martina Barchitta, Sebastiano Battiato, Antonella Agodi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: novel coronavirus; epidemiology; COVID-19; epidemic model

Online: 6 April 2020 (12:30:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0222.v1

Pathogen Taxonomy Updates at the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database: Implications for Molecular Epidemiology

Kara Tsang, David Speicher, Andrew McArthur

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; biocuration; microbial nomenclature; molecular epidemiology

Online: 19 July 2019 (08:23:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0235.v1

The Cost of Chronic Wounds in Argentina: An Estimation of the Burden in a Public Hospital

Romina Chavez-Jara, Nicolas Cerusico, Maria Lazarte, Carla Cabrera, Andrea Herrera Bruno, Eugenia Sesto Cabral, Alberto Nicolas Ramos

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: chronic wound; hospital cost; epidemiology; public health

Online: 20 May 2019 (09:53:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0053.v1

Estimating the Burden of Serious Fungal Infections in Uruguay

Marina Macedo-Viñas, David W. Denning

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: epidemiology of fungal infections; infection burden; Uruguay

Online: 6 February 2018 (06:52:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0151.v1

Epidemiology of Foodborne Disease Outbreaks from 2011 to 2016 in Shandong Province, China

Guangjian Wu, Liansen Wang, Jinshan Zhao, Zunhua Chu, Maoqiang Zhuang, Yingxiu Zhang, Kebo Wang , Peirui Xiao , Ya Liu, Zhongjun Du

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: foodborne diseases; outbreaks; surveillance; epidemiology; public health

Online: 21 December 2017 (05:00:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0060.v1

Epidemiology of the Acceptance of Anti Covid-19 Vaccine in Urban and Rural Settings in Cameroon

Cecile Ingrid Djuikoue, Rodrigue Kamga Wouambo, Majeste Pahane, Blaise Demanou Fenkeng, Cedric Seugnou Nana, Joelle Djamfa Nzenya, Flore Fotso Kamgne, Cedric Ngalani Toutchou, Benjamin D. Thumamo Pokam, Teke Apalata

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: vaccination; acceptance; Covid-19; epidemiology; Cameroon; urban area; rural area

Online: 3 February 2023 (06:23:26 CET)

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The Covid-19 pandemic has rapidly evolved in December 2019 and to prevent its spread, effective vaccines has been produced and made available to the population. Despite their availability so far in Cameroon, the vaccination coverage remains low. This study aimed at describing the epidemiology of the acceptance of vaccines against Covid-19 in some urban and rural areas of Cameroon. A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical survey was conducted from March 2021 to August 2021 targeting unvaccinated individuals from urban and rural area. After getting appropriate administrative authorizations and an ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of Douala University (N° 3070CEI-Udo/05/2022/M), a cluster sampling at many degrees was performed and a language adapted questionnaire was filled by each consenting participant. Data were analyzed using Epi info version 7.2.2.6 software and for P-values ˂ 0.05, the difference was considered as statistically significant. Out of 1053 individuals, 58.02% (611/1053) participants were residing in urban and 41.98% (442/1053) in rural areas. Good knowledge relative to Covid-19 was significantly higher in urban areas as compared to rural areas (97.55%vs.85.07, P<0.000). The proportion of respondents who intended to accept the anti Covid-19 vaccine was significantly higher in urban areas than rural areas (42.55%vs.33.26, p=0.0047). Conversely, the proportion of anti Covid-19 reluctant respondents thinking that the vaccine can induce a disease was significantly higher in rural areas than urban areas (54 (35.07 vs 8.84, P<0.0001). The significant determinants of anti-COVID-19 acceptance were the level of education (p=0.0001) and profession in the rural areas (p=<0.0001), and only the profession (p=0.0046) in the urban areas. This study globally shows that anti-COVID-19 vaccination remains a major challenge in urban as well as rural area in Cameroon. We should keep sensitizing and educate population about vaccine importance in preventing the COVID-19 spread.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0376.v1

Computational Strategies to Combat COVID-19: Useful Tools to Accelerate SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Research

Franziska Hufsky, Kevin Lamkiewicz, Alexandre Almeida, Abdel Aouacheria, Cecilia Arighi, Alex Bateman, Jan Baumbach, Niko Beerenwinkel, Christian Brandt, Marco Cacciabue, Sara Chuguransky, Oliver Drechsel, Robert D. Finn, Adrian Fritz, Stephan Fuchs, Georges Hattab, Anne-Christin Hauschild, Dominik Heider, Marie Hoffmann, Martin Hölzer, Stefan Hoops, Lars Kaderali, Ioanna Kalvari, Max von Kleist, René Kmiecinski, Denise Kühnert, Gorka Lasso, Pieter Libin, Markus List, Hannah F. Löchel, Maria J. Martin, Roman Martin, Julian Matschinske, Alice C. McHardy, Pedro Mendes, Jaina Mistry, Vincent Navratil, Eric Nawrocki, Áine Niamh O'Toole, Nancy Palacios-Ontiveros, Anton I. Petrov, Guillermo Rangel-Piñeros, Nicole Redaschi, Susanne Reimering, Knut Reinert, Alejandro Reyes, Lorna Richardson, David L. Robertson, Sepideh Sadegh, Joshua B. Singer, Kristof Theys, Chris Upton, Marius Welzel, Lowri Williams, Manja Marz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: virus bioinformatics; SARS-CoV-2; sequencing; epidemiology; drug design; tools

Online: 23 May 2020 (11:01:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0098.v2

Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Addictions among the Homeless Population in the Greater Paris Area, France

Anne Laporte, Stéphanie Vandentorren, Marc-Antoine Détrez, Caroline Douay, Yann Le Strat, Erwan Le Mener, Pierre Chauvin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: homeless; mental health; epidemiology; psychotic disorders; anxiety; mood disorders; alcohol

Online: 16 January 2018 (13:12:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2221.v1

Land Use and Cover Changes and the Occurrence of Dengue Fever in Minas Gerais State, Brazil: Governing Deforestation for Public Health

Ana Clara Andrade, Luiz Alberto Dolabela Falcão, Magno Augusto Zazá Borges, Marcos Esdras Leite, Mário Marcos do Espírito Santo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: vector-borne diseases; deforestation; ecosystem services; public health; epidemiology; disease control.

Online: 29 December 2023 (10:13:39 CET)

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Several studies have already demonstrated the relationship between the loss of natural habitats and the incidence of diseases caused by vectors, such as dengue, which is an acute fever disease, considered a serious public health problem. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between land use changes between 2009 and 2019 and the occurrence of dengue fever in 2015 and 2019 by municipality, using the state of Minas Gerais as a case study. For this, secondary data obtained from openly available sources were used. Natural vegetation cover data were obtained from the MAPBiomas platform and dengue occurrence data from the Ministry of Health, in addition to socioeconomic indicators from the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics. Between 2015 and 2019, 1,255,731 cases of dengue were recorded throughout the state of Minas Gerais, ranging from 0 to 227 per thousand inhabitants between municipalities. The occurrence of dengue was distributed throughout all regions of Minas Gerais, affected by climatic and socioeconomic aspects. In general, municipalities with net loss of natural vegetation, predominantly located in the Cerrado biome, had the highest number of dengue cases in the studied period. Despite the significant positive relationship between these two variables, three of the eight socioeconomic parameters analyzed also affected the occurrence of dengue: population density, human development index (both positively) and Gini inequality index (negatively). These results indicate that, contrary to expectations, municipalities with better social conditions had more dengue cases. Our study indicates that natural vegetation is, directly or indirectly, involved in the ecosystem service of dengue control, despite the occurrence of this disease being affected by multiple factors that interact in a complex way. Thus, policies towards reducing deforestation must be complemented by a continuous investment in public health policies and reduction of social inequalities to efficiently control dengue fever.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0088.v1

Disparities and outcomes in the first and second year of the pandemic on events of acute myocardial infarction in COVID-19 patient

Jasninder Dhaliwal, Manraj S Sekhon, Arush Rajotia, Ashujot K Dang, Prabh Partap Singh, Hemamalini Sakthivel, Raheel Ahmed, Renuka Verma, Kamleshun Ramphul, Prabhdeep S Sethi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: COVID-19; Cardiovascular complications; national inpatient sample; United States; mortality; epidemiology

Online: 4 March 2024 (09:39:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0491.v1

On the nature of evidence and 'proving' causality: smoking and lung cancer vs. sun exposure, vitamin D and multiple sclerosis

Robyn Lucas, Rachael Rodney Harris

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: epidemiology, causality, association, smoking, lung cancer, vitamin D, sun exposure, multiple sclerosis

Online: 29 June 2018 (15:42:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0998.v1

Histoplasmosis at a Reference Center for Infectious Diseases in Southeast Brazil: Comparison between HIV Positive and HIV Negative Individuals

Ariane Gomes Paixão, Marcos Abreu Almeida, Roberta Espírito Santo Correia, Beatriz Brittes Kamiensky, Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira, Marcia dos Santos Lazera, Bodo Wanke, Cristiane da Cruz Lamas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Histoplasmosis; Brazil; Epidemiology; HIV positive; AIDS; Immunosuppression; Culture; Serology; Mortality

Online: 26 April 2023 (14:58:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0057.v1

Epidemiology and Genotype Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus In Russia

Nikolay Pimenov, Dmitry Kostyushev, Svetlana Komarova, Anastasia Fomicheva, Alexander Urtikov, Olga Belaia, Karina Umbetova, Natalia Tsapkova, Vladimir Chulanov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: hepatitis; HCV; epidemiology; genotype; subgenotype; recombinant; RF1_2k/1b; direct-acting antivirals

Online: 2 November 2022 (11:08:11 CET)

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes both acute and chronic disease of the liver that can lead to liver cirrhosis, cancer and liver failure. HCV is characterized by high genetic diversity and substantial variations in prevalence of specific HCV genotypes in different countries of the world. Many effective regimens of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), including pan-genotypic, can successfully treat HCV infection. However, genotype-specific treatments for HCV are being actively employed in the national plans for elimination of HCV infection around the world. Evaluation of HCV genotype prevalence in a country is mandatory for successful implementation of the national plans for elimination of HCV infection and allocation of financial resources to DAAs most effecting for specific HCV genotypes prevalent in a country. Here, we analyzed HCV genotypes, subgenotypes and recombinants in 10,107 serum samples from patients with chronic HCV infection from all Federal districts of Russia collected in 2015-2017. This is the first, largest evaluation of HCV genotypes performed on samples from all territories of Russia, from its Central Federal district to the Far East. Moreover, we have updated retrospective epidemiological analysis of chronic and acute HCV infection in Russia in 2001-2021. We demonstrate that the incidence of acute HCV infection in Russia reduced from 16.7 cases per 100,000 population in 2001 to 0.6 cases per 100,000 population in 2021. The number of cases of chronic HCV infection decreased from 29.5 to 16.4 per 100,000 population during this period. HCV genotype analysis indicated that HCV genotype 1 dominates in Russia (53.6%). Genotypes 3 and 2 were detected in 35.4% and 7.8% of patients respectively. These proportions are virtually identical in all regions of Russia except for Far East, where HCV genotype 2 amounts only to 1%. HCV genotypes 1 and 2 are more widespread in women, while HCV genotype 3 in men. The highest frequency of identification of genotype 3 was found in the age group of 31-40 years old (44.9%, respectively), and genotype 1 was more prevalent in a group of over 70 years old (72.2%). The proportion of HCV genotype 2 is predominant among HCV-infected persons older than 40 years. Discriminating HCV genotype 2 and recombinant RF1_2k/1b, which are frequently misclassified, is important for successful antiviral treatment of such patients. For the first time, we demonstrate the countrywide prevalence of HCV RF1_2k/1b in different regions of Russia. HCV RF1_2k/1b amounts to 3.2% in the structure of HCV genotypes, reaching 30% among samples classified as genotype 2 by some commercial genotyping tests. The highest proportion of HCV RF1_2k/1b was detected in the north-west (60%), southern (41.6%) and central (31.6%) federal district. Its frequency in Far Eastern and North Caucasus Districts was ~ 14.3%. HCV RF1_2k/1b was not detected in the Volga, Ural and Siberian districts. To conclude, this is the first and most complete evaluation of HCV epidemiology and genotype/subgenotype distribution in Russia.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0311.v1

Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study on Chronic Hepatitis C in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Ukraine: Virus, Patient, and Disease Characteristics in Patients under Care (RESPOND-C Study)

Ligita Jančorienė, Baiba Rozentāle, Ieva Tolmane, Agita Jēruma, Riina Salupere, Arida Buivydienė, Jonas Valantinas, Limas Kupčinskas, Jolanta Šumskienė, Eglė Čiupkevičienė, Arvydas Ambrozaitis, Olga Golubovska, Larysa Moroz, Robert Flisiak, Borys Bondar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: Baltic states; chronic hepatitis C; epidemiology; hepatitis C virus; genotype; Ukraine

Online: 5 July 2023 (12:30:04 CEST)

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Background and objectives: Since 2013, highly effective direct-acting (DAA) chronic hepatitis C (CHC) antiviral therapy became available, which has cure rates of over 95%. For choice of optimal CHC treatment, assessment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT) and liver fibrosis stage are necessary. Information about distribution of these parameters among CHC patients in Baltic states and especially in Ukraine is scarce. This study was performed to obtain epidemiological data regarding CHC GT and fibrosis stage distribution for better planning of resources and prioritization of patients for DAA drug treatment according to disease severity in high-income (Baltic states) and lower-middle income (Ukraine) countries. Materials and Methods: This was an epidemiological, retrospective, cross-sectional study that included 1451 CHC patients. Demographic and disease information from medical charts was collected for each patient during a single visit. Results: Most frequent suspected mode of viral transmission was blood transfusions (17.8%), followed by injection drug use (15.7%); however, in 50.9% of patients exact mode of transmission was not clarified. In Ukraine (18.4%) and Estonia (26%) transmission by the injection drug use was higher than in Lithuania (5%) and Latvia (5.3%). Distribution of HCV GT among patients with CHC was as follows: GT1 - 66.4%; GT3 - 28.1; and GT2 - 4.1%. The prevalence of GT1 was the highest in Latvia (84%), and the lowest in Ukraine (63%, p<0.001). Liver fibrosis stages were distributed as follows: F0 - 12.2%, F1 - 26.3%, F2 - 23.5%, F3 – 17.1% and F4 - 20.9%. Cirrhosis (F4) was more prevalent in Lithuanian patients (30.1%) than in Estonians (8.1%, p <0.001). Conclusions: This study contributes to the knowledge of epidemiological characteristics of HCV infection in the Baltic states and Ukraine. The data regarding the patterns of HCV GT and fibrosis stage distribution will be helpful for the development of national strategies to control HCV infection in the era of DAA therapy.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0542.v1

Human Papillomavirus Epidemiology and Prevention: Is There Still a Gender Gap?

Giovanna Milano, Giovanni Guarducci, Nicola Nante, Emanuele Montomoli, Ilaria Manini

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: Human papillomavirus; Epidemiology; Prevention Strategies; Vaccination; Screening; Cervical Cancer; Gender Gap

Online: 19 April 2023 (04:32:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0046.v2

Solar Activity Cycles Recur Epidemic and Pandemic Viruses: Space Weather Alerts

Ramy Mawad, Hanafy M. Madbouly, Ehab M. B. Mahdy

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: Space weather; Solar terrestrial connection; Climate change; Solar cycle; Environment; Epidemiology

Online: 12 January 2023 (02:36:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1461.v1

Epidemiological Profile of Bechcet’s Disease in Hospitalized Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil: A Serial Case Report and a Literature Review

Felipe Eduardo Valencise, José Antonio Pignatari Pinheiro Filho, Jéssica Paula Martins, Fernando Augusto Lima Marson

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Brazil; Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19; Epidemiology; Inflammation; Pandemic; Public Health.

Online: 19 January 2024 (08:00:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1832.v1

Sero-Epidemiology of Lumpy Skin Disease and Determine Community Awareness Level about LSD in Different Agro-Ecological Zones of Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia

Nebyou Moje, Adane Seifu, Gizachew Hailegebreal, Dereje Shegu, Gianmarco Ferrara, Serena Montagnaro

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Agroecology; LSD; LSD outbreak; Sero Epidemiology Risk factor; Qualitative study

Online: 29 November 2023 (07:51:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0001.v1

Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Staphyloccocus aureus Isolates from a Public Database in a One Health Perspective – Sample Origin and Isolates Geographical Distribution

Francesca Zaghen, Valerio Massimo Sora, Gabriele Meroni, Giulia Laterza, Piera Anna Martino, Alessio Soggiu, Luigi Bonizzi, Alfonso Zecconi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: S. aureus; One Health; antimicrobial resistance; molecular epidemiology; geographical distribution.

Online: 1 November 2023 (09:41:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0286.v1

Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in Non-Endemic Territories

Mikhail I. Mikhailov, Anastasia A. Karlsen, Ilya A. Potemkin, Olga V. Isaeva, Vera S. Kichatova, Elena Yu. Malinnikova, Fedor A. Asadi Mobarkhan, Eugeniy V. Mullin, Maria A. Lopatukhina, Victor Manuylov, Elena P. Mazunina, Evgeniia N. Bykonia, Denis A. Kleymenov, Liubov I. Popova, Vladimir A. Gushchin, Artem P. Tkachuk, Andrey D. Polyakov, Ahmed M. El-Adly, Sergey A. Solonin, Ilya Gordeychuk, Karen Kyuregyan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Hepatitis E virus; Paslahepevirus balayani; seroprevalence; molecular epidemiology; zoonosis; disease outbreaks

Online: 15 November 2022 (10:28:45 CET)

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The factors influencing hepatitis E virus (HEV) circulation remain largely unexplored. We investigated HEV seroprevalence in humans and the prevalence of infection in farm pigs and rabbits in different regions of the Russian Federation, as well as the genetic diversity and population dynamics of HEV. Anti-HEV IgG antibody detection rates in the general population increase significantly with age, from 1.5% in children and adolescents under 20 years old to 4.8% in adults aged between 20 and 59 years old, to 16.7% in people aged 60 years and older. HEV seroprevalence varies between regions, with the highest rate observed in Belgorod Region (16.4% compared with the national average of 4.6%), which also has the country’s highest pig population. When compared with the archival data, both increases and declines in HEV seroprevalence have been observed within the last 10 years, depending on the study region. Virus shedding has been detected in 19 out of the 21 pig farms surveyed. On one farm, circulation of the same viral strain for five years was documented. All human and animal strains belonged to the HEV-3 genotype, with its clade 2 sequences being predominant in pigs. Sequences from patients, pigs, and sewage from pig farms clustered together, suggesting a zoonotic infection in humans and possible environmental contamination. The HEV-3 population size predicted using SkyGrid reconstruction demonstrated exponential growth in the 1970s–1990s, with a subsequent decline followed by a short rise around the year 2010, the pattern being similar to the dynamics of the pig population in the country. The HEV-3 reproduction number (Re) predicted using Birth-Death Skyline analysis has fluctuated around 1 over the past 20 years in Russia, but is 10 times higher in Belgorod Region. In conclusion, HEV-3 circulation varies both geographically and temporally, even within a single country. The possible factors contributing to this variability are largely related to the circulation of the virus among farm pigs.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0593.v1

Human Fatalities Caused by Hornet, Wasp and Bee Stings in Spain: Epidemiology at State and Sub-state Level from 1999 to 2018

Xesús Feás

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: epidemiology; X23; fatalities; venomous animals; Spain; stings; hornets; wasps; bees; Vespa velutina

Online: 23 December 2020 (15:24:07 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0216.v2

Detection and Survival of SARS-coronavirus in Human Stool, Urine, Wastewater and Sludge

Andrew Singer, Rachel Wray

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-coronavirus; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; COVID-19; Stool; Urine; Wastewater; Wastewater-based epidemiology

Online: 18 June 2020 (09:29:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0244.v1

The Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Within the Dog Population in Croatia: Host Factors and Clinical Outcome

Vladimir Stevanovic, Irena Tabain, Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek, Maja Mauric Maljkovic, Iva Benvin, Zeljka Hruskar, Snjezana Kovac, Iva Smit, Gorana Miletic, Suzana Hadina, Vilim Staaresina, Lada Radin, Valentina Plichta, Branimir Skrlin, Zoran Vrbanac, Mirna Brkljacic, Marija Cvetnic, Josipa Habus, Kresimir Martinkovic, Iva Zecevic, Gabrijela Jurkic, Ivana Ferencak, Zrinka Stritof, Matko Perharic, Lovro Bucic, Ljubo Barbic

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; animals; dogs; epidemiology; risk factors; clinical picture; Croatia

Online: 9 June 2021 (07:40:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0206.v1

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), A Narrative Review with Focus on BPD Comorbidities

JOSEPH SADEK

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: Borderline personality disorder; Comorbidity; epidemiology; prevalence; diagnosis; Management

Online: 5 February 2024 (03:43:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1111.v1

Addressing Thalassaemia Management from a Patients’ Perspective: an International Collaborative Assessment

Eleftheria C. Economidou, Michael Angastiniotis, Demetris Avraam, Elpidoforos S. Soteriades, Androulla Eleftheriou

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Epidemiology; Thalassaemia; Questionnaire; Health Services; ITHACA; International survey

Online: 15 January 2024 (08:12:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0444.v1

Genetic Diversity of Brucella melitensis Isolated from Domestic Ruminants in Iraq

Fabrizio De Massis, Ruqaya Mustafa Ali, Sara Serrani, Michela Toro, Alessandra Sferrella, Nausica D'Aurelio, Anna Janowicz, Katiuscia Zilli, Teresa Romualdi, Eugenio Felicioni, Manhal Habeeb Salman, Dunya Hatem Fahdel, Hiba Saad Rashid, Bilal Qays Ameen, Giuliano Garofolo

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: Brucella melitensis; Iraq; MLVA - 16; MLST; WGS; Epidemiology

Online: 5 January 2024 (10:38:16 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0838.v1

West Nile Virus in vultures from Europe

Filipa Loureiro, Luís Cardoso, Ana Cristina Matos, Manuela Matos, Ana Cláudia Coelho

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: epidemiology; Europe; scavengers; vultures; West Nile virus; zoonotic

Online: 14 November 2023 (17:01:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0649.v1

Genetic Diversity of Type A Influenza Viruses Found in Swine Herds in Northwestern Poland from 2017 to 2019. The One Health Perspective

Lukasz Rabalski, Maciej Kosinski, Piotr Cybulski, Tomasz Stadejek, Krzysztof Lepek

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: zoonosis; emerging diseases; influenza; epidemiology; NGS sequencing; surveillance

Online: 8 August 2023 (09:29:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1106.v1

Disparities in Neonatal Mortalities in the United States

Ibrahim Qattea, Hany Aly, Maria Burdjalov

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: NICU; neonatal mortalities; survival; racial disparities; perinatal epidemiology

Online: 17 July 2023 (11:33:59 CEST)

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Abstract: Objective: We aimed to look for the mortality of Black and White Neonates and compare the Black and White neonates' mortalities after stratifying the population by many significant epidemiologic and hospital factors. We utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset over seven years from 2012 through 2018 for all neonates ≤ 28 days of age in all hospitals in the USA. Design/Method: We utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset over seven years from 2012 through 2018 for all neonates ≤ 28 days of age in all hospitals in the USA. Neonatal characteristics used in the analysis included ethnicity, sex, household income, and type of healthcare insurance. Hospital characteristics were urban teaching, urban non-teaching, and rural. Hospital location was classified according to the 9 U.S. Census Division regions. Results: Neonatal mortality continues to be higher in Black: 21,975 (0.63%) and in White was: 35495 (0.28%), Government-supported health insurance was significantly more among Black populations when compared to White (68.8% vs. 35.3% p<0.001). Household income differed significantly; almost half (49.8%) of the Black population has income ≤ 25th percentile vs. 22.1% in White. There was a significant variation in mortality in different U.S. locations. In the Black population, the highest mortality was in the West North Central division (0.72%), and the lower mortality was in the New England division (0.51%), whereas in the White population, the highest mortality was in the East South-Central division (0.36%), and the lowest mortality was in the New England division (0.21%). Trend analysis showed a significant decrease in mortality in Black and White populations over the years, but when stratifying the population by sex, types of insurance, the household income, the type of hospitals, the mortality was consistently higher in Black groups throughout the study years, Conclusions: Disparities in neonatal mortality continue to be higher in Black; There was a significant variation in mortality in different U.S. locations. In the Black population, the highest mortality was in the West North Central division, and the lower mortality was in the New England division, whereas in the White population, the highest mortality was in the East South-Central division, and the lowest mortality was in the New England division. There has been a significant decrease in mortality in Black and White populations over the years, but when stratifying the population by many significant epidemiologic and hospital factors, the mortality was consistently higher in Black groups throughout the study years.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0388.v1

Occurrence of Tungiasis in Ceará State, Northeast Brazil: Results of a Rapid Assessment Method

Nathiel Silva, Claudia Maria Lins Calheiros, Carlos Henrique Alencar, Jorg Heukelbach

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Tropical Medicine Keywords: tungiasis; Brazil; rapid assessment; epidemiology; neglected tropical disease

Online: 22 March 2023 (03:21:06 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0381.v1

Review of Research on Mortality from Melioidosis in Malaysia

Kamaruddin Mardhiah, Nadiah Wan-Arfah, Nyi Nyi Naing, Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan, Huan-Keat Chan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Epidemiology; melioidosis; infectious disease; mortality; risk factors; transmission

Online: 21 December 2022 (03:42:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0177.v1

A South African Epidemiological Study of Fatal Drownings: 2016 – 2021

Jill Fortuin, Innocent Karangwa, Nongcebo Mahlalela, Cleeve Robertson

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: drowning; epidemiology; low-and-middle-income; South Africa

Online: 12 October 2022 (10:35:25 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0444.v1

Precision Public Health Through Serological Biomarkers: An Integrated Surveillance Platform to Inform Public Health Interventions

Kirsten E. Wiens, Barbara Jauregui, Benjamin F. Arnold, Kathryn Banke, Djibril Wade, Kyla Hayford, Adriana Costero-Saint Denis, Robert H. Hall, Henrik Salje, Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer, Andrew S. Azman, Guy Vernet, Daniel T. Leung

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: serology; biomarkers; serosurveillance; sero-epidemiology; precision public health

Online: 28 October 2021 (15:51:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0023.v1

MMTV Prevalence in Breast Cancer Samples in Romania- Do Major Geographical Differences Exist in the World Population?

Zsolt Fekete, Bristena Octavia Tertan, Lajos Raduly, Dan Tudor Eniu, Rares Buiga, Mihaela Galatar, Ioana Berindean-Neagoe

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: breast cancer; mouse-mammary tumor virus; epidemiology; etiology

Online: 1 July 2021 (11:31:48 CEST)

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Working Paper BRIEF REPORT

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a Dog, Connecticut, February 2021

Dong-Hun Lee, Zeinab Helal, Junwon Kim, Amelia Hunt, Alyza Barbieri, David H. Chung, Ji-Yeon Hyeon, Guillermo Risatti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Covid-19; Dog; Connecticut; Epidemiology

Online: 18 March 2021 (10:56:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0025.v1

A ’Local-Global’ model for Seasonal Diseases: Influenza Subtypes Analysis Case Study

gal almogy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Influenza; epidemiology; spatiotemporal; seasonality; global; transmission; infectious disease

Online: 1 March 2021 (14:05:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0622.v1

Covid-19 Seroprevalence - Do the Results Advance the Aims?

Gal Almogy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Serology; Seroprevalence; Humoral response; COVID-19; serosurvey; epidemiology

Online: 27 August 2020 (12:47:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0583.v1

A Systematic Review on Extreme Phenotype Strategies to Search for Rare Variants in Genetic Studies of Complex Disorders

Sana Amanat, Teresa Requena, Jose Antonio Lopez-Escamez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: genetic association studies; extreme phenotype; genetic epidemiology; tinnitus

Online: 24 July 2020 (13:43:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0137.v1

Burden of Serious Fungal Diseases in Romania

Mihai Mareș, Valentina Ruxandra Moroti-Constantinescu, David W. Denning

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: mycoses; epidemiology; Romania; candidaemia; aspergillosis; chronic pulmonary conditions

Online: 21 February 2018 (16:41:29 CET)

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Objective: To estimate for the first time the burden of serious fungal infections in Romania; Methods: Data derived from the World Health Organization (WHO), National Institute of Statistics, Romanian public health agencies and non-profit health organizations and published annual reports on local epidemiology were used in the present study. When no data was available, specific at-risk populations were used to calculate frequencies of serious fungal diseases, using previously published epidemiological parameters. All data refer to the year 2016; 3) Results: The estimated number of serious fungal infections in Romanian population was 435,930 in 2016. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis accounts for up to 80% of total cases (more than 350,000 women annually). Concerning the HIV related infections, among 14349 infected persons, Pneumocystis pneumonia occurred in about 10% of late presenters (30 cases in 2016), while cryptococcal meningitis is rarely diagnosed (less than 20 cases). Annually, the total number of oesophageal candidiasis and oral thrush cases in HIV-positive patients may be as high as 1229 and 3066, respectively. In immunocompromised and cancer patient population, the annual incidence of candidaemia is 295, and at least 158 invasive aspergillosis cases and 4 mucormycosis cases occur yearly. With 4,966 critical care beds and approximately 200,000 abdominal surgeries performed, the estimated annual incidence of candidaemia and Candida peritonitis is 689 and 344, respectively. The annual incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis is still high in Romania (12,747 cases). Thus, the prevalence of post-TB chronic pulmonary aspergillosis is estimated to be 8.98/100,000 (1768 cases). The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma in adults is 6% and 6.5%, respectively. Therefore, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis prevalence is estimated at 29,387 and severe asthma with fungal sensitisation at 38,731 cases annually. 4) Conclusions: Not being on the list of reportable diseases, the number of patients presenting with severe mycoses in Romania can only be roughly estimated. Based on local reports and prevalence estimation, we consider that at least 2.2% of Romanians suffer a serious form of fungal disease.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0015.v1

SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater: Occurrence, Detection and Implications

Anshika Billa, Sanjeev Balda, Aarjoo Sharma, Rupali Dhingra, Shiv Nandan Sah, Neena Capalash, Prince Sharma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Wastewater; Surveillance; SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater based epidemiology; COVID-19; Detection; Sewage

Online: 4 April 2022 (11:04:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0234.v1

Irish Dancing Injuries and Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review

Ana Rita Póvoa, Cláudia Maria Costa, Sérgio Simões, Ana Morais Azevedo, Raul Oliveira

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: Irish dance; injuries; risk factors; injury prevention; epidemiology; prevalence; incidence; surveillance system

Online: 12 April 2023 (03:35:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0483.v1

What We Know About Sting-Related Deaths? Human Fatalities Caused by Hornet, Wasp and Bee Stings in Europe (1994-2016)

Xesús Feás, Carmen Vidal, Susana Remesar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Hymenoptera; insect; bee; wasp; hornet; epidemiology; fatalities; venomous animals; public health

Online: 30 December 2021 (12:17:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1541.v1

National Burden and Trends for 29 Groups of Cancer in Mexico from 1990 to 2019: A Secondary Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Saul A. Beltran-Ontiveros, Jose A. Contreras-Gutierrez, Erik Lizarraga-Verdugo, Erick P Gutierrez-Grijalva, Kenia Lopez-Lopez, Emilio H. Lora-Fierro, Miguel A. Trujillo-Rojas, Jose M. Moreno-Ortiz, Diana L. Cardoso-Angulo, Emir Leal-Leon, Jose R. Zatarain-Lopez, Hector M. Cuen-Diaz, Marisol Montoya-Moreno, Brisceyda Arce-Bojorquez, Jose L. Rochin-Teran, Daniel E. Cuen-Lazcano, Victor A. Contreras-Rodriguez, Ricardo Lascurain, Liliana Carmona-Aparicio, Elvia Coballase-Urrutia, Francisco Gallardo-Vera, Daniel Diaz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Burden of disease; Cancer epidemiology; Cancer mortality, Malignant neoplasm; Public health

Online: 23 November 2023 (14:05:52 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0467.v1

Biases Inherent in Studies of Coffee Consumption in Early Pregnancy and the Risks of Subsequent Events

Alan Leviton

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: caffeine; coffee; epidemiology; recall bias; misclassification; residual confounding; reverse causation; publication bias

Online: 25 July 2018 (05:57:48 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Trends In Cumulative Incidence and Case Fatality Of COVID-19 in The United States: Extreme Epidemiologic Response

Laurens Holmes. Jr, Glen Philipcien, Keeti Deepika, Chinaka Chinacherem, Prachi Chavan, Janille Williams, Benjamin Ogundele, Kirk Dabney, Maura Poleon, Lavisha Pelaez, Tatiana Picolli, Valescia John, Leslie Stalnaker, Michael Enwere

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV2; extreme epidemiology response; population at risk; case fatality

Online: 12 April 2020 (14:08:15 CEST)

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Objectives: COVID-19, a respiratory disease caused by SARS-COV2 and transmitted from person-to-person through viral droplets remains a global pandemic. There is a need to understand the transmission modes, populations at risk, and how to mitigate the spread and case fatality in the United States (US) and globally. The current study aimed to assess the global COVID-19 transmission and case fatality, examine similar parameters by countries and determine evidence-based practice in extreme epidemiology response in epidemic curve flattening and case fatality reduction. Methods: A cross-sectional ecologic design was used to assess the preexisting data on confirmed COVID-19 cases and mortality in March 2020 from the CDC, WHO, Worldodomter, and STATISTA. A rapid assessment between March 23^rdand 31^st, 2020, was utilized for the extreme epidemiology response. The case fatality, termed fatality proportion, was examined using mortality in relation to confirmed cases involving the world, United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK), Italy, France, Spain, China, Germany, India and South Korea. Results: The COVID-19 is a global pandemic, with the US as the epicenter for transmission, representing 20.9% of all confirmed cases worldwide, while Italy is the epicenter for case fatality, 30.6% of mortality as at 03/31/ 2020. The fatality proportion (FP) in Italy was 11.4%, Spain (8.8%), France (6.8%) and UK (6.4%). Despite the increased number of confirmed cases, the lowest FP was observed in Germany (0.96%) and South Korea (1.66%). There is increasing linear tends in transmission in the US, R²=0.97 as well as positive daily percentage change, ranging from 1.27% to 20.5%. Conclusions: The USA remains the epicenter for COVID-19 transmission, while Italy is the epicenter for case fatality. The observed relatively low case fatality in Germany and South Korea is due to an “extreme epidemiology” response through the application of Wuhan, China’s early data on COVID-19 transmission control measures and optimized patient care. These data are suggestive of relaxing the clinical guidelines in the United States in COVID-19 testing, application of contact tracing and testing, case isolation and most importantly enhancing resources for case management and social and physical distancing globally, hence epidemic curve flattening and case fatality reduction.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0187.v3

The BFP (Benford-Fibonacci-Perez) Method Validates the Consistency of COVID-19 Epidemiological Data in France and Italy

Jean-Claude Perez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV2; Biomathematics; Benford law; trials; Epidemiology; Fibonacci; data analysis; big data

Online: 11 June 2021 (15:47:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0381.v1

2019 Novel Coronavirus: Where We are and What We Know

Zhangkai J. Cheng, Jing Shan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: 2019-nCoV; nCoV; China; Wuhan; coronavirus; virology; epidemiology; clinical guidance; literature survey; review

Online: 31 January 2020 (05:36:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0177.v1

Impact of SARS-CoV2 Pandemic and Lockdown on the RSV Circulation: Experience of Three Spoke Hospitals in Northern Italy

Francesca Parola, Adalberto Brach del Prever, Virginia Deut, Giulia Costagliola, Carla Guidi, Neftj Ragusa, Antonella Tuscano, Fabio Stefano Timeus, Massimo Berger

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV); SARS-CoV2 Pandemic; epidemiology; seasonality trend; RSV prevalence

Online: 3 January 2024 (09:44:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0352.v1

Incidence, Spatial Pattern and Temporal Progress of Fusarium Wilt of Bananas

Daniel W. Heck, Miguel Dita, Emerson M. Del Ponte, Eduardo S. G. Mizubuti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense; Panama disease; epidemiology; disease impact; loss; yield; management.

Online: 15 July 2021 (10:12:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1049.v1

Gradual Emergence of East African Cassava Mosaic Cameroon Virus in Cassava Farms in Côte d’Ivoire

Békanvié Serge Marie KOUAKOU, Aya Ange Naté Yoboué, Justin S. PITA, J. Musembi Mutuku, Daniel H. Otron, Nazaire K. Kouassi, Kan Modeste Kouassi, Linda Patricia L. Vanié-Léabo, Cyrielle Ndougonna, Michel Zouzou, Fatogoma Sorho

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Epidemiology; CMD; begomoviruses; Cô; te d’ Ivoire

Online: 15 January 2024 (10:27:23 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1616.v1

Harnessing Wastewater Surveillance to Detect Livestock-Linked Viruses

Warish Ahmed, Yawen Liu, Wendy Smith, Wayne Ingall, Michael Belby, Aaron Bivins, Paul Bertsch, David Williams, Kirsty Richards, Stuart Simpson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: wastewater surveillance; livestock; zoonotic pathogens; one health; animal epidemiology

Online: 25 September 2023 (04:58:41 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0434.v1

The Importance of Screening for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer: Epidemiological Review

Navneetha Hardikar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Ovarian Cancer; Epidemiology; Risk Factors; Screening; Diagnosis, Mortality; Incidence

Online: 28 October 2021 (11:41:05 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0210.v1

The Effects of Vaccination in Case of Influenza on the Elderly in Hong Kong in Reducing Flu Infection

S M Nazmuz Sakib

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: influenza vaccine; influenza; vaccine; epidemiology; vaccine effectiveness; perceived barriers

Online: 14 October 2021 (10:07:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0276.v1

Two-step Randomisation: Applying the Results of Small Feasibility Studies of Interventions to Large-scale Mendelian Randomisation Studies to Robustly Infer Causal Effects on Clinical Endpoints

Meda R Sandu, Rhona Beynon, Rebecca Richmond, Diana L. Santos Ferreira, Lucy Hackshaw-McGeagh, George Davey Smith, Chris Metcalfe, J Athene Lane, Richard Martin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: epidemiology; causality; cancer; methodology; mendelian randomisation; randomised controlled trials

Online: 24 October 2019 (10:53:36 CEST)

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Background: Feasibility trials are preliminary trials that assess the viability and acceptability of intervention studies and the effects of the intervention on intermediate endpoints. Due to their short duration, they are unable to establish the effects of the intervention on long-term clinical outcomes. We propose a novel method that could transform the interpretation of feasibility trials using modified two-stage randomisation analyses. Methods In this two-stage process, we explored the effects of a 6-month feasibility factorial randomised controlled trial (RCT) of lycopene and green tea dietary interventions (ProDiet) on 159 serum metabolic traits in 133 men with raised PSA levels but prostate cancer (PCA) free. In the first stage, we conducted an intention-to-treat analysis, using linear regression to examine the effects of the interventions on metabolic traits, compared to the placebo group and instrumental variable analysis to assess the causal effect of the intervention on the outcomes. In the second stage, we used a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach to assess the causal effect of metabolic traits altered by the interventions, on PCA risk, using summary statistics data from an international PCA consortium of 44,825 cancer cases and 27,904 controls. ResultsThe systemic effects of lycopene and green tea supplementation on serum metabolic profile were comparable to the effects of the respective dietary advice interventions (R2= 0.65 and 0.76 for lycopene and green tea respectively). Metabolites which were altered in response to lycopene supplementation were acetate (standard deviation difference versus placebo (β)): 0.69; 95% CI= 0.24, 1.15; p=0.003), valine (β: -0.62; -1.03, -0.02; p=0.004), pyruvate (β: -0.56; -0.95, -0.16; p=0.006), and docosahexaenoic acid (β: -0.50; -085, -0.14; p=0.006). The instrumental variable analysis showed there was no evidence that green tea altered the metabolome, but lycopene was associated with an increase in acetate (β=2.13; p=0.006) and decreases in pyruvate (β=-1.90; p=0.009), valine (β=-1.79; p=0.023), diacylglycerol (β=-1.81; p=0.026), alanine (β=-1.55; p=0.015) and DHA (p=0.097), where the regression coefficient represents the standard deviation (SD) difference in metabolite measures per unit change in lycopene (µmol/L) or EGCG (nM).Using MR, a genetically instrumented SD increase in pyruvate increased the odds of PCA by 1.29 (1.03, 1.62; p=0.027). Conclusion Using a two-stage randomization analysis in a feasibility RCT, we found that lycopene lowered levels of pyruvate, which our Mendelian randomization analysis suggests may be causally related to reduced PCA risk.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0058.v1

A Narrative Review on the Human Health Effects of Ambient Air Pollution in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Urgent Need for Health Effects Studies

Eric Coker, Samuel Kizito

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: ambient air pollution; epidemiology; narrative review; sub-Saharan Africa

Online: 8 January 2018 (09:52:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0477.v1

Epidemiological Changes in Orofacial Trauma between the Pre-Covid and COVID Periods: A Spanish Multicentre Comparative Study of Tertiary Referral Hospitals

Angela Sada-Urmeneta, Jose-Ignacio Salmeron-Escobar, Carlos Navarro-Cuéllar, Eduardo Olavarria, Gregorio Sanchez-Aniceto, Sonia Herrero-Alvarez, Oscar De la Sen-Corcuera, Anna-Maria Simon-Flores, Fernando Almeida, Iñigo Aragon-Niño, Jose-Luis Del Castillo, Dafne Gascon, Marc Agea, Manuel Tousidonis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Surgery Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; orofacial trauma; maxillofacial trauma; epidemiology; public health

Online: 7 June 2023 (03:35:10 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0269.v1

Antibiotics Against COVID-19 and Mitochondria? Urgent Thinking Out of the Box

Jaroslaw Tyszka, Karolina Kobos, Aleksandra Tyszka

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Theoretical Chemistry Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; pandemic; antibiotics; immune response; mitochondria; epidemiology; health policy

Online: 16 April 2020 (12:14:30 CEST)

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Italian, Spanish, French vs German, Austrian or Norwegian COVID-19 tracks? Antibiotics might have a partial impact on COVID-19 death rates in various countries. Our working hypotheses based on recent publications is that that antibiotics may be a major factor that negatively affects patients’ immune system during viral infections. We are all aware that there is no specific and effective medical treatment for COVID-19 so far. However, we know that our immune system is the only efficient weapon that fights against this syndrome right now. In fact, antibiotics are very often prescribed to prevent secondary infections following an antiviral immune response. Various antibiotic therapies have also been commonly applied to support COVID-19 treatments in China and Italy. Unfortunately, the frequent antibiotic off-site targets include mitochondria that are genetically and evolutionary closely linked to bacteria. Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles responsible for bioenergetics in nearly all our cells, acting as signaling hubs in antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. Several studies have demonstrated that mitochondria are vulnerable to antibacterial treatments, interrupting their physiology. Inhibition of these processes by antibiotics might render the immune system less capable of fighting acute COVID-19 viral infections. Some antibiotics, including those prescribed for COVID-19 in Wuhan, have been shown to inhibit the synthesis of mitochondrial DNA. The question is whether antibiotics support such a treatment or weaken patient immune responses in this case. This hypothesis should be evaluated based on comparative clinical data that seem to be unavailable at the moment. Possibly the COVID-19 risk group should be extended to all patients being treated with antibiotics, including those who finished antibiotic therapies days up to several months before SARS-CoV-2 infection. We therefore urge health service response groups to evaluate the impact of antibiotics on COVID-19 recovery vs death retrospective data. We would like to motivate international, national and local health authorities to share available clinical treatment data, discuss and optimize treatment strategies.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0324.v1

Brain Morphology and Physical Symptoms: A Population-Neuroimaging Study in 13,250 Pre-Adolescents

Fernando Estévez-López, Hannah H. Kim, Mónica López-Vicente, Jeroen S. Legerstee, Manon H. J. Hillegers, Henning Tiemeier, Ryan Muetzel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Cohort studies; Epidemiology; Gray matter; Neuroimaging; Paediatrics; Psychiatric symptoms; QDECR; Vertex-wise analysis.

Online: 14 May 2021 (11:31:23 CEST)

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Physical symptoms are defined as symptoms for which adequate examination does not reveal a sufficient underlying root cause, e.g., pain and fatigue. The extant literature of the neurobiological underpinnings of physical symptoms has been largely inconsistent and primarily consists of (clinical) case-control studies with relatively small samples sizes. Therefore, we studied the association of brain morphology with physical symptoms in pre-adolescents from two independent and population-based cohorts. This study included 2,683 individuals from the Generation R Study (51% girls, 10.1 ± 0.6 years old) and 10,567 pre-adolescents from the ABCD Study (48% girls, 9.9 ± 0.6 years old). High- resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was collected using 3-Tesla MRI systems. Physical symptoms were evaluated using the somatic complaints syndrome scale from the parent-reported school-age version of the Child Behavior Checklist. Linear regression models were fitted for global brain metrics (i.e., cortical and subcortical grey matter volume and total white matter volume) as well as surface-based vertex-wise measures (surface area and cortical thickness). Analyses were initially conducted separately in each cohort and later meta-analysed. No associations were observed in either cohort separately. In the combined vertex-wise meta-analysis of both cohorts; the right hemisphere surface area, most notably the rostral middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex, were related to physical symptoms after correcting for multiple comparisons (cluster area = 1,882 mm2). The present study, which is the most representative and well-powered to date, suggests that surface area, but not other measures of brain morphology, are modestly related to physical symptoms in pre- adolescents. While these effects are subtle, future longitudinal research is warranted to elucidate whether such associations indicate a cause or a consequence of the physical symptoms.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0134.v1

Modeling and Visualizing the Dynamics of Epidemic Diseases Spread. The Case of COVID-19

Loukas Zachilas, Christos Benos

Subject: Physical Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; epidemiology; lattice simulation; infection diffusion; epidemics; control measures

Online: 4 July 2023 (03:58:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1960.v1

The Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Glaucoma – An Update

Karen Allison, Kevin Andrew Morabito, Margaret M. DeAngelis, Deepkumar Patel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Glaucoma; epidemiology of glaucoma; open angle glaucoma; blindness; disparities in glaucoma treatment and diagnosis

Online: 28 December 2023 (02:26:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1362.v1

The Rise and Fall of Omicron BA.1 Variant as Seen in Wastewater Supports Epidemiological Model Predictions

Michal Liddor Naim, Yu Fu, Marilou Shagan, Itay Bar-Or, Robert Marks, Qun Sun, Rony Granek, Ariel Kushmaro

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Omicron; Wastewater-based epidemiology; RT-qPCR; SIR model; SIRS model

Online: 20 July 2023 (11:44:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0240.v1

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater Associated with Scientific Stations in Antarctica and Possible Risk for Wildlife

Marcelo González-Aravena, Cristobal Galban-Malagon, Eduardo Castro-Nallar, Gonzalo P. Barriga, Victor Neira, Lucas Krüger, Aiko D. Adell, Jorge Olivares-Pacheco

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Antarctica; wastewater-based epidemiology; COVID-19; Antarctic wildlife; environmental surveillance

Online: 5 February 2024 (07:58:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0059.v1

Epidemiology Aspects of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic

Aleksandra S. Maksimova, Tatiana A. Shelkovnikova, Nadezhda I. Ryumshina, Olga V. Mochula, Valery Kh. Vaizov, Irina A. Trubacheva, Oksana M. Novikova, Azamat B. Naiman, Alina D. Kuznetsova, Nazary P. Chesalov, Wladimir Yu. Ussov, And Nina D. Anfinogenova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: COVID-19; long COVID-19; paramagnetic contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; MRI; CMR; myocarditis; electronic medical record; online survey; epidemiology; public health

Online: 3 March 2023 (06:30:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1181.v1

Influenza Vaccination Uptake and Prognostic Factors Among Health Professionals in Italy: Results From the Nationwide Sur-Veillance PASSI 2015–2018

Valentina Minardi, Rosaria Gallo, Valentina Possenti, Benedetta Contoli, Davide Di Fonzo, Elvira D’Andrea, Maria Masocco

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: influenza vaccination; health personnel; health care worker; surveillance system; epidemiology; prevention; public health

Online: 17 May 2023 (04:27:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0438.v1

Risk Factors for Early and Late Onset Preeclampsia in Reunion island: Multivariate Analysis of Singleton and Twin Pregnancies. A 20-year Population-Based Cohort of 2120 Preeclampsia Cases

Pierre-Yves Robillard, Malik Boukerrou, Gustaaf Dekker, Marco Scioscia, Francesco Bonsante, Brahim Boumahni, Silvia Iacobelli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Preeclampsia; epidemiology; early onset preeclampsia; late onset preeclampsia; twin pregnancies; monozygotic twins; dizygotic twins

Online: 20 July 2021 (09:44:40 CEST)

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Objectives: To develop a multivariate model for risk factors specific to early onset preeclampsia (EOP) and late onset preeclampsia (LOP) in our entire population (singleton and twin pregnancies). Material and methods: 20 year-observational population-based historical cohort study (2001-2020). All consecutive births delivered at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hospitalier Sud Reunion’s maternity. A standardized validated epidemiological perinatal data base. Results: During the 20-year period, there were 81,834 pregnancies and 83,555 infants born, 1232 dichorionic and 350 monochorionic twin pregnancies. There were 2120 cases of preeclampsia, of which 2001preeclamptic singleton pregnancies and 119 twin pregnancies (incidence 7.5% in twin pregnancies vs 2.5% singletons, OR 3.0, p<0.001). Independent risk factors for EOP and LOP in a multivariate model (controlling for the two major confounders: namely maternal ages -both risks for EOP and LOP- and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI – specific risk factor for LOP) were: history of preeclampsia (aOR 11.7 for EOP, 7.8 for LOP, p < 0.0001), chronic hypertension (aOR 7.3 for EOP, 3.9 for LOP, p < 0.0001), history of perinatal death (aOR 2.2 for EOP, p < 0.0001 and 1.48 for LOP, p= 0.007), primipaternity (aOR 3.0 for EOP and 3.6 for LOP, p = 0.001), dizygotic twin pregnancies (aOR 3.7 for EOP, p < 0.0001 and 2.1 for LOP, p = 0.003), monozygotic twin pregnancies (aOR 3.98 for EOP, p = 0.003 and NS for LOP), ovulation induction (aOR 5.6 for EOP, p = 0.004 and NS for LOP), and in vitro fertilization (aOR 2.8 for EOP, p = 0.05 and NS for LOP). Specific to LOP and NS for EOP: renal diseases (aOR for LOP 2.9, p= 0.007) and gestational diabetes mellitus (aOR 1.2, p= 0.04). Conclusions: Maternal ages over 35 years, chronic hypertension , history of preeclampsia, ovulation induction, in vitro fertilizations, history of perinatal deaths and twin pregnancy (in our experience, especially mono zygotic twin pregnancies) are significant risk factors for EOP. New paternity is an independent factor for both EOP and LOP.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0627.v1

The Association between Coffee and Tea Consumption at Midlife and Risk of Dementia Later in Life: The HUNT Study

Denise Abbel, Bjørn Olav Åsvold, Marit Kolberg, Geir Selbæk, Raymond Noordam, Håvard Kjesbu Skjellegrind

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: coffee consumption; tea consumption; mild cognitive impairment; dementia; Alzheimer’s disease; nutrition; epidemiology; apolipoprotein E; MCI

Online: 20 April 2023 (07:55:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0031.v1

Genetic Diversity and Possible Origins of the Hepatitis B Virus in Siberian Natives

Victor Manuylov, Vladimir Chulanov, Ludmila Bezuglova, Elena Chub, Anastasia Karlsen, Karen Kyuregyan, Yulia Ostankova, Alexander Semenov, Lyudmila Osipova, Tatjana Tallo, Irina Netesova, Artem Tkachuk, Vladimir Gushchin, Sergey Netesov, Lars O. Magnius, Heléne Norder

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: hepatitis B virus; genotypes; subgenotypes; HBsAg subtypes; molecular epidemiology; Siberia; Siberian natives; aboriginal population

Online: 5 October 2022 (10:44:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0643.v1

Phytophthora Communities Associated with Agathis australis (kauri) in Te Wao Nui o Tiriwa/Waitākere Ranges, New Zealand

Shannon Hunter, Ian Horner, Jack Hosking, Ellena Carroll, Jayne Newland, Matthew Arnet, Nick Waipara, Bruce Burns, Peter Scott, Nari Williams

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Phytophthora; Agathis australis; kauri dieback; community structure; soil baiting; metabarcoding; New Zealand; epidemiology; invasive pathogen; forest management

Online: 11 March 2024 (18:00:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1937.v1

Real-World Data Analysis of Patients Affected by Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Italy

Emanuele Angelucci, Andrea Artoni, Luana Fianchi, Melania Dovizio, Biagio Iacolare, Stefania Saragoni, Luca Degli Esposti

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; caplacizumab; epidemiology; mortality; real-world evidence

Online: 27 January 2024 (10:54:56 CET)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0121.v2

Public Health Policy Pillars for the Sustainable Elimination of Zoonotic Schistosomiasis

Eva Janoušková, Jessica Clark, Olumayowa Kajero, Sergi Alonso, Poppy H. L. Lamberton, Martha Betson, Joaquín M. Prada

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Schistosoma japonicum; Schistosoma mekongi; NTD; epidemiology; economics; sociology; mathematical modelling; zoonotic transmission

Online: 8 February 2022 (14:12:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0604.v1

Phylogenetic Analysis of the 2020 West Nile Virus (WNV) Outbreak in Andalusia (Spain)

Carlos S. Casimiro-Soriguer, Javier Perez-Florido, Jose L. Fernandez-Rueda, Irene Pedrosa-Corral, Vicente Guillot-Sulay, Nicola Lorusso, Luis Javier Martinez-Gonzalez, José María Navarro-Marí, Joaquin Dopazo, Sara Sanbonmatsu-Gámez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: West Nile Virus; outbreak; meningoencephalitis; epidemiology; phylogeny; whole genome sequencing

Online: 26 February 2021 (09:46:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0117.v1

Identification of Malignant Mesothelioma Risk Factors through Association Rule Mining

Talha Mahboob Alam

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: malignant mesothelioma; epidemiology; association rule mining; Apriori method; imbalanced dataset

Online: 10 November 2019 (16:15:14 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0399.v1

Preliminary Case Report on the SARS-CoV-2 Cluster in the UK, France, and Spain

Emma B. Hodcroft

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 hCOV-19 coronavirus epidemiology contact-tracing cluster outbreak epidemic

Online: 27 February 2020 (11:08:56 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Characterization, Management, and Epidemiology of Odontogenic Infections: An Analysis of 103 Cases at a Major Regional Medical Center

Ho-Hyun Sun, Wenli Yu, Sally Sun, Sean Lee, Vincent Farhood, Payam Afzali

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: odontogenic infection; dental abscess; head and neck infection; dental epidemiology; racial discrepancy; gender discrepancy

Online: 2 November 2020 (10:33:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0237.v1

Erythrocyte n-6 Fatty Acids and Risk for Cardiovascular Outcomes and Total Mortality in the Framingham Heart Study

William S. Harris, Nathan L. Tintle, Ramachandran S. Vasan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: epidemiology; prospective cohort study; n-6 fatty acids; n-3 fatty acids; linoleic acid; arachidonic acid

Online: 9 November 2018 (04:07:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0589.v1

Long Sleep Duration and Social Jetlag are Associated Inversely with a Healthy Dietary Pattern in Adults: Results from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme Y1-4

Suzana Almoosawi, Luigi Palla, Ian walshe, Snieguole Vingeliene, Jason Ellis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Sleep; Social Jetlag; Diet Food and Nutrition; Nutrition Surveys; Cross-sectional; Epidemiology; Adults; Public Health

Online: 30 July 2018 (14:41:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0040.v3

COVID-19 Virus Infection and Transmission are Observably Less in Highly Dengue-endemic Countries: Can Dengue Vaccines be “Repurposed” to Prevent COVID-19?

Subhajit Biswas, Soumi Sukla

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Dengue; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; epidemiology; infection; mortality; cross-protection; Dengue vaccine; ELISA; Dengvaxia

Online: 5 May 2020 (03:00:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0090.v1

Early Tooth Loss after Periodontal Diagnosis: Development and Validation of a Clinical Decision Model

Francisco Santos, Frederico Beato, Vanessa Machado, Luís Proença, José João Mendes, João Botelho

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: periodontal disease; periodontitis; early tooth loss; predictive model; risk factors; oral health; public health; epidemiology

Online: 5 January 2021 (13:03:13 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0086.v1

PFAS Environmental Pollution and Antioxidant Responses: An Overview of the Impact on Human Field

Marco Bonato, Francesca Corrà, Marta Bellio, Laura Guidolin, Laura Tallandini, Paola Irato, Gianfranco Santovito

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: antioxidant defenses; human health; environmental pollution; oxidative stress; epidemiology; perfluorinated substances; reactive oxygen species; toxicology

Online: 5 October 2020 (12:58:24 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0320.v1

Data Science in Unveiling COVID-19 Pathogenesis and Diagnosis: Evolutionary Origin to Drug Repurposing

Jayanta Kumar Das, Giuseppe Tradigo, Pierangelo Veltri, Pietro H Guzzi, Swarup Roy

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Data Science; Machine Learning; Deep Learning; Genomics; COVID-19; Drug Discovery; Image Analysis; Interactomics; Epidemiology

Online: 14 August 2020 (11:01:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0084.v1

Incidence, Mortality, Disability-Adjusted Life Years, and Trends of Prostate Cancer in Mexico from 2000 to 2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Saul A. Beltran-Ontiveros, Martha A. Fernandez-Galindo, Jose M. Moreno-Ortiz, Jose A. Contreras-Gutierrez, Jesus Madueña-Molina, Elyakim Arambula-Meraz, Emir Leal-Leon, Delia M. Becerril-Camacho, Veronica J. Picos-Cardenas, Carla Angulo-Rojo, Diana Z. Velazquez, Francisco Jimenez-Trejo, Francisco Gallardo-Vera, Daniel Diaz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Age-standardized rate; Burden of disease; Cancer epidemiology; Malign neoplasm; Sociodemographic index; Subnational heterogeneity

Online: 6 May 2022 (14:47:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1668.v1

Croatian Action on Salt and Health (CRASH): On the Road to Success. Less Salt, More Health

Bojan Jelaković, Mihaela Marinović Glavić, Marija Batinić Sermek, Lovorka Bilajac, Marija Bubaš, Vlatka Buzjak Služek, Krunoslav Capak, Ines Drenjančević, Andrea Gross Bošković, Ana Jelaković, Tomislav Jukić, Sanja Kolarić Kravar, Verica Kralj, Ivan Pećin, Lea Pollak, Dunja Skoko-Poljak, Danijela Stražanac, Ana Stupin, Vanja Vasiljev, Valentina Vidranski, Željko Reiner

Subject: Public Health And Health Services, Public Health And Healthcare Keywords: salt; sodium; potassium; iodine; epidemiology; public health; blood pressure; hypertension; cardiovascular mortality; non-communicable diseases

Online: 25 April 2024 (11:28:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0754.v1

Understanding the Epidemiological Patterns of Animal Trypanosomosis in Spain: A National Atlas of Surra

Adrián Melián Henríquez, María Teresa Tejedor-Junco, Margarita González-Martín, Manuel Morales Doreste, Sergio Martín Martel, Massimo Paone, Giuliano Cecchi, Juan Alberto Corbera

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Spain; Canary Islands; Atlas; African animal trypanosomosis; T. evansi, Database; Epidemiology

Online: 12 December 2023 (04:29:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0621.v1

Population Risk Factors for COVID-19 Deaths in Nigeria at Subnational Level

Zubaida Hassan, Muhammad Jawad Hashim, Gulfaraz Khan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; mortality; epidemiology; risk factors; Nigeria; Africa

Online: 25 July 2020 (18:20:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0289.v1

Estimation of Time-Dependent Reproduction Number for Global COVID-19 Outbreak

Tatiana Petrova, Dmitry Soshnikov, Andrey Grunin

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computational Mathematics Keywords: reproduction number; infectious disease epidemiology; COVID-19; epidemic modelling; mobility index

Online: 24 June 2020 (09:03:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0073.v1

Significantly Improved COVID-19 Outcomes in Countries with Higher BCG Vaccination Coverage: A Multivariable Analysis

Danielle Klinger, Ido Blass, Nadav Rappoport, Michal Linial

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Epidemiology; SARS-CoV-2; Multivariable regression; Tuberculosis; Demography; Coronavirus; MMR vaccine

Online: 7 June 2020 (09:25:55 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0143.v1

The Main Risk Factors for the Number of Serious or Critical Cases of Covid-19: How is the Health of Brazilians?

Haniel Fernandes

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Covid-19; Epidemiology; Chronic diseases; Serious or critical cases; Brazil; Coronavirus

Online: 8 May 2020 (12:33:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1395.v1

Sex, Age, and Regional Disparities in the Burden of Asthma in Mexico from 1990 to 2019: A Secondary Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Ana Lopez-Bago, Ricardo Lascurain, Pavel E. Hernandez-Carreño, Francisco Gallardo-Vera, Jesus Argueta-Donohue, Francisco Jimenez-Trejo, David A. Fuentes-Zavaleta, Saul A. Beltran-Ontiveros, Delia M. Becerril-Camacho, Victor A. Contreras-Rodriguez, Daniel Diaz

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Allergic diseases; Atopic march; Burden of disease; Chronic respiratory diseases; DALYs; Epidemiology; Incidence; Prevalence

Online: 21 June 2023 (08:52:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1998.v1

Prescribed-vs.-Taken Polypharmacy and Drug-Drug Interactions in Older Cardiovascular Patients: Observational Cross-Sectional Analytical Study

Nina D. Anfinogenova, Oksana M. Novikova, Irina A. Trubacheva, Elena V. Efimova, Nazary P. Chesalov, Wladimir Y. Ussov, Aleksandra S. Maksimova, Tatiana A. Shelkovnikova, Nadezhda I. Ryumshina, Irina A. Trubacheva, Sergey V. Popov, Alexei N. Repin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: cardiovascular disease; drug-drug interaction; polypharmacy; health information system; electronic health record; epidemiology; public health

Online: 28 June 2023 (10:34:58 CEST)

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