Version 1
: Received: 9 November 2023 / Approved: 13 November 2023 / Online: 14 November 2023 (17:01:55 CET)
How to cite:
Loureiro, F.; Cardoso, L.; Matos, A.C.; Matos, M.; Coelho, A.C. West Nile Virus in vultures from Europe. Preprints2023, 2023110838. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.0838.v1
Loureiro, F.; Cardoso, L.; Matos, A.C.; Matos, M.; Coelho, A.C. West Nile Virus in vultures from Europe. Preprints 2023, 2023110838. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.0838.v1
Loureiro, F.; Cardoso, L.; Matos, A.C.; Matos, M.; Coelho, A.C. West Nile Virus in vultures from Europe. Preprints2023, 2023110838. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.0838.v1
APA Style
Loureiro, F., Cardoso, L., Matos, A.C., Matos, M., & Coelho, A.C. (2023). West Nile Virus in vultures from Europe. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.0838.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Loureiro, F., Manuela Matos and Ana Cláudia Coelho. 2023 "West Nile Virus in vultures from Europe" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.0838.v1
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is an arbovirus mainly transmitted by Culex spp., which causes a worldwide zoonotic disease. This pathogen is endemically maintained in a life cycle with birds acting as reservoirs and humans and horses as accidental and dead-end hosts. Sporadic WNV outbreaks have been reported in Europe and the potential impact of WNV infection on populations of threatened or endangered birds of prey is considerable. Surveillance programs are needed for early detection of this virus. All four species of vultures present in Europe are considered protected species. As scavengers, vultures are at the top of the food chain, and can be susceptible to and negatively affected by pathogens like WNV. In a conservation perspective, the impact of WNV in European vultures, alone or concomitantly with other factors, should be addressed. This review of documented cases can be considered a state point.
Keywords
epidemiology; Europe; scavengers; vultures; West Nile virus; zoonotic
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Zoology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
