Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Genetic Diversity of Brucella melitensis Isolated from Domestic Ruminants in Iraq

Fabrizio De Massis
ORCID logo ,
Ruqaya Mustafa Ali
,
Sara Serrani
* ORCID logo ,
Michela Toro
ORCID logo ,
Alessandra Sferrella
,
Nausica D'Aurelio
ORCID logo ,
Anna Janowicz
ORCID logo ,
Katiuscia Zilli
,
Teresa Romualdi
,
Eugenio Felicioni
,
Manhal Habeeb Salman
,
Dunya Hatem Fahdel
,
Hiba Saad Rashid
,
Bilal Qays Ameen
,
Giuliano Garofolo
Version 1 : Received: 4 January 2024 / Approved: 5 January 2024 / Online: 5 January 2024 (10:38:16 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

De Massis, F.; Ali, R.M.; Serrani, S.; Toro, M.; Sferrella, A.; D’Aurelio, N.; Janowicz, A.; Zilli, K.; Romualdi, T.; Felicioni, E.; Salman, M.H.; Fahdel, D.H.; Rashid, H.S.; Ameen, B.Q.; Garofolo, G. Genetic Diversity of Brucella melitensis Isolated from Domestic Ruminants in Iraq. Microorganisms 2024, 12, 475. De Massis, F.; Ali, R.M.; Serrani, S.; Toro, M.; Sferrella, A.; D’Aurelio, N.; Janowicz, A.; Zilli, K.; Romualdi, T.; Felicioni, E.; Salman, M.H.; Fahdel, D.H.; Rashid, H.S.; Ameen, B.Q.; Garofolo, G. Genetic Diversity of Brucella melitensis Isolated from Domestic Ruminants in Iraq. Microorganisms 2024, 12, 475.

Abstract

Control and eradication of brucellosis is an objective for Veterinary and Health Authorities in several countries worldwide. Efficient surveillance programs are crucial for detecting and managing outbreaks, and epidemiological investigations may take advantage from the presence of standardized and efficient molecular typing techniques and analytical tools that enable public health laboratories to identify the origin of an outbreak. The aim of this study was to sequence Brucella spp. strains isolated in Iraq from different ruminant species, to verify whether there was a spatial or temporal clustering and, above all, shedding light on how these Iraqi isolates are positioned in the phylogenetic context of Brucella spp. The isolates under study (N=35) were from abortion, milk, placenta and fetal membrane of sheep, cattle and buffalo. Samples were genotyped using different techniques, namely MLVA-16, Whole Genome Sequencing, MLST and cgMLST. The findings of this study suggests that even relatively small investigations can provide sufficient evidence to justify improvements in existing control strategies. The application of different control measures in different territories, based on molecular epidemiological studies, would increase the chances to maximize public health benefits and minimize the spread of infection to areas free from the disease or with lower prevalence.

Keywords

Brucella melitensis; Iraq; MLVA - 16; MLST; WGS; Epidemiology

Subject

Public Health and Healthcare, Other

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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