Version 1
: Received: 5 February 2021 / Approved: 8 February 2021 / Online: 8 February 2021 (11:04:18 CET)
How to cite:
Mateo-Urdiales, A.; Fabiani, M.; Rosano, A.; Vescio, M.F.; Del Manso, M.; Bella, A.; Riccardo, F.; Pezzotti, P.; Regidor, E.; Andrianou, X. Socio-Economic Patterns of COVID-19 During the Pandemic in Italy. Preprints2021, 2021020187. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202102.0187.v1
Mateo-Urdiales, A.; Fabiani, M.; Rosano, A.; Vescio, M.F.; Del Manso, M.; Bella, A.; Riccardo, F.; Pezzotti, P.; Regidor, E.; Andrianou, X. Socio-Economic Patterns of COVID-19 During the Pandemic in Italy. Preprints 2021, 2021020187. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202102.0187.v1
Mateo-Urdiales, A.; Fabiani, M.; Rosano, A.; Vescio, M.F.; Del Manso, M.; Bella, A.; Riccardo, F.; Pezzotti, P.; Regidor, E.; Andrianou, X. Socio-Economic Patterns of COVID-19 During the Pandemic in Italy. Preprints2021, 2021020187. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202102.0187.v1
APA Style
Mateo-Urdiales, A., Fabiani, M., Rosano, A., Vescio, M.F., Del Manso, M., Bella, A., Riccardo, F., Pezzotti, P., Regidor, E., & Andrianou, X. (2021). Socio-Economic Patterns of COVID-19 During the Pandemic in Italy. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202102.0187.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Mateo-Urdiales, A., Enrique Regidor and Xanthi Andrianou. 2021 "Socio-Economic Patterns of COVID-19 During the Pandemic in Italy" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202102.0187.v1
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between deprivation and COVID-19 outcomes in Italy during pre-lockdown, lockdown and post-lockdown periods.Design: Retrospective cohort study.Setting: All municipalities in Italy with less than 50,000 population.Participants: 38,534,169 citizens and 222,875 COVID-19 cases reported to the Italian epidemiological surveillance were assigned to quintiles based on the deprivation index of their municipality of residence.Interventions: The COVID-19 pandemic during pre-lockdown, lockdown and post-lockdown from the 20th of February to the 15th of October of 2020.Main outcome measures: Multilevel negative binomial regression models, adjusting for age, sex, population-density and region of residence were conducted to evaluate the association between deprivation and COVID-19 incidence, case-hospitalisation rate and case-fatality. The association measure was the rate ratio.Results: During pre-lockdown, lockdown and post-lockdown, the incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) in the most deprived quintile with respect to the least deprived quintile were 1.17 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.41), 1.14 (1.03 to 1.27) and 1.47 (1.32 to 1.63), respectively. In those three periods, the case-hospitalization IRR were 0.68 (0.51 to 0.92), 0.89 (0.72 to 1.11) and 0.99 (0.81 to 1.22) and the case-fatality IRR were 0.92 (0.75 to 1.13), 0.95 (0.85 to 1.07) and 1.02 (0.73 to 1.41), respectively.Conclusions: During lockdown and post-lockdown, but not during pre-lockdown, a higher incidence of cases was observed in the most deprived municipalities compared with the least deprived ones. No differences in case-hospitalisation and case-fatality according to deprivation were observed in any period under study.
Keywords
COVID-19; HEALTH INEQUALITIES; DEPRIVATION; SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
Subject
Social Sciences, Sociology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.