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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0413.v1

Ontological and Bioinformatic Analysis of Anti-Coronavirus Drugs and Their Implication for Drug Repurposing against COVID-19

Yingtong Liu, Wallace K.B. Chan, Zhigang Wang, Junguk Hur, Jiangan Xie, Hong Yu, Yongqun He

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: coronavirus; drug; COVID-19; SARS; MERS; ontology; ChEBI; NDF-RT; DrON; bioinformatics

Online: 29 March 2020 (01:58:40 CET)

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Coronavirus-infected diseases have posed great threats to human health. In past years, highly infectious coronavirus-induced diseases, including COVID-19, SARS, and MERS, have resulted in world-wide severe infections. Our literature annotations identified 110 chemical drugs and 26 antibodies effective against at least one human coronavirus infection in vitro or in vivo. Many of these drugs inhibit viral entry to cells and viral replication inside cells or modulate host immune responses. Many antimicrobial drugs, including antimalarial (e.g., chloroquine and mefloquine) and antifungal (e.g., terconazole and rapamycin) drugs as well as antibiotics (e.g., teicoplanin and azithromycin) were associated with anti-coronavirus activity. A few drugs, including remdesivir, chloroquine, favipiravir, and tocilizumab, have already been reported to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro or in vivo. After mapping our identified drugs to three ontologies ChEBI, NDF-RT, and DrON, many features such as roles and mechanisms of action (MoAs) of these drugs were identified and categorized. For example, out of 57 drugs with MoA annotations in NDF-RT, 47 have MoAs of different types of inhibitors and antagonists. A total of 29 anticoronaviral drugs are anticancer drugs with the antineoplastic role. Two clustering analyses, one based on ChEBI-based semantic similarity, the other based on drug chemical similarity, were performed to cluster 110 drugs to new categories. Moreover, differences in physicochemical properties among the drugs were found between those inhibiting viral entry and viral replication. A total of 163 host genes were identified as the known targets of 68 anti-coronavirus drugs, resulting in a network of 428 interactions among these drugs and targets. Chlorpromazine, dasatinib, and anisomycin are the hubs of the drug-target network with the highest number of connected target proteins. Many enriched pathways such as calcium signaling and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways were identified. These findings may be used to facilitate drug repurposing against COVID-19.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0383.v1

Carotenoids in Bacteria: Biosynthesis, Extraction, Characterization and Applications

Gerson-Dirceu López, Gerardo Álvarez-Rivera, Chiara Carazzone, Elena Ibañez, Chad Leidy, Alejandro Cifuentes

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Bacterial carotenoids; Cell disruption; HPLC separation; MS analysis; Food and textile applications

Online: 18 August 2021 (14:09:35 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0106.v1

A Validated HPLC Method for the Determination of Vanillyl Butyl Ether in Cosmetic Preparations

Antonio Alberola, Francisco Trigo, Joaquin Melendez, Gema Muedra

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: vanillyl butyl ether; HPLC; method validation; cosmetic product

Online: 25 October 2016 (09:43:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0201.v1

Detecting the COVID-19

Pravin Pokhrel, Changpeng Hu, Hanbin Mao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: diagnosis; detection kits; RT-PCR; immunoassay; false negative; false positive; sensitivity; point-of-care (POC)

Online: 12 April 2020 (16:50:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0607.v1

Whey Proteins Characterization, Free Amino Acids Profile and Antimicrobial Study of Some Dairy Drinks based on Milk Serum

Doina Prodan, Miuța Filip, Mihaela Vlassa, Marioara Moldovan, Rahela Carpa, Viorica Tarmure, and Andreea Simona Popa

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Milk Serum; whey proteins; RP-HPLC-UV; free amino acids; RP-HPLC-FLD; antimicrobial study

Online: 25 September 2020 (11:45:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0022.v1

Transcriptome Profiling Analysis of Wolf Spider Pardosa pseudoannulata (Araneae: Lycosidae) after Cadmium Exposure

Chang-chun Li, Yong Wang, Guo-yuan Li, Yueli Yun, Yu-jun Dai, Jian Chen, Yu Peng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: P. pseudoannulata; Cadmium; Transcriptome; RT-qPCR

Online: 8 October 2016 (11:07:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0178.v1

Pharmacokinetics of Salicylic Acid Following Intravenous and Oral Administration of Sodium Salicylate in Sheep

Shashwati Mathurkar, Preet Singh, Kavitha Kongara, Paul Chambers

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: NSAIDs; salicylic acid; sodium salicylate; HPLC; sheep; pharmacokinetics

Online: 12 June 2018 (09:35:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0229.v1

Isocratic Reverse-Phase HPLC Method for Determination of Aspirin, Paracetamol, and Naproxen

Md. Mynul Hassan, Sung-Wook Nam

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: HPLC; NSAIDs; Isocratic; Short column; Drug mixture

Online: 9 July 2021 (15:23:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0075.v3

A Robust Liquid Chromatographic Method for Confirmation of Drug Stability of Azithromycin in Bulk Samples, Tablets and Suspensions

Alex O. Okaru, Kennedy O. Abuga, Franco N. Kamau, Stanley N. Ndwigah, Dirk W. Lachenmeier

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: azithromycin; HPLC; robust; isocratic; drug stability; degradation products

Online: 4 January 2017 (10:08:52 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0010.v1

Analytical Sensitivity of Five SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Tests for Omicron Versus Delta Variant

Jean-Louis Bayart, Jonathan Degosserie, Julien Favresse, Constant Gillot, Marie Didembourg, Happy Phanio Djokoto, Valérie Verbelen, Gatien Roussel, Celine Maschietto, François Mullier, Jean-Michel Dogné, Jonathan Douxfils

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; variant; Omicron; Delta; antigen; RT-qPCR

Online: 1 March 2022 (09:01:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0216.v1

Development of a Field-deployable RT-qPCR Workflow for COVID-19 Detection

Raphael Nyaruaba, Bo Zhang, Caroline Muema, Elishiba Muturi, Greater Oyejobi, Jin Xiong, Bei Li, Zhengli Shi, Caroline Mwaliko, Junping Yu, Xiaohong Li, Hongping Wei

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; field work; community; diagnosis; rapid detection; inactivation; RT-qPCR

Online: 14 April 2020 (08:41:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0113.v1

Identification of Anthocyanins Compositions and Functional Analysis of An Anthocyanin Activator in Solanum nigrum Fruits

Shaoli Wang, Zhaohui Chu, Mingxing Ren, Ru Jia, Changbao Zhao, Dan Fei, Hao Su, Xiaoqi Fan, Xiaotian Zhang, Yang Li, Yingzi Wang, Xinhua Ding

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Solanum nigrum; anthocyanins purification; HPLC-MS/MS; antioxidant capacity; SnMYB

Online: 15 May 2017 (17:31:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0173.v1

Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of Calmodulin from Echinococcus granulosus

Ning Wang, Xiu-Qin Zhong, Xing-Ju Song, Xiao-Bin Gu, Wei-Ming Lai, Yue Xie, Xue-Rong Peng, Guang-You Yang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Echinococcus granulosus; Calmodulin; Ca2+-binding protein; Immunohistochemical localization; Quantitative RT-PCR

Online: 24 May 2017 (08:07:35 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0219.v1

Chemosyndrome Variation in Mycobiont Culture and Thallus of Parmelina carporrhizans and Parmelina quercina

David Alors, Pradeep K. Divakar, Anjuli Meiser, Imke Schmitt, Ana Crespo, M. Carmen Molina

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Parmelina; phenols; HPLC; myeloconone C

Online: 30 March 2017 (16:58:33 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0158.v1

Comparison of Auto Sampling and Passive Sampling Methods for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Wastewater

Melissa Wilson, Yuanyuan Qiu, Jiaao Yu, Bonita E. Lee, David T. McCarthy, Xiaoli Pang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; wastewater; passive sampler; autosampler; RT-qPCR

Online: 11 February 2022 (08:38:07 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0481.v1

Minimizing Errors in RT-PCR Detection and Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA for Wastewater Surveillance

Warish Ahmed, Stuart Simpson, Paul Bertsch, Kyle Bibby, Aaron Bivins, Linda Blackall, Silvia Bofill-Mas, Albert Bosch, Joao Brandao, Phil Choi, Mark Ciesielski, Erica Donner, Nishita D'Souza, Andreas Farnleitner, Daniel Gerrity, Raul Gonzalez, John Griffith, Pradip Gyawali, Charles Haas, Kerry Hamilton, Chanditha Hapuarachchi, Valerie Harwood, Rehnuma Haque, Greg Jackson, Stuart Khan, Wesaal Khan, Masaaki Kitajima, Asja Korajkic, Giuseppina La Rosa, Blythe Layton, Erin Lipp, Sandra McLellan, Brian McMinn, Gertjan Medema, Suzanne Metcalfe, Wim Meijer, Jochen Mueller, Heather Murphy, Colleen Naughton, Rachel Noble, Sudhi Payyappat, Susan Petterson, Tarja Pitkanen, Veronica Rajal, Brandon Reyneke, Fernando Roman, Joan Rose, Marta Rusinol, Michael Sadowsky, Laura Sala-Comorera, Yin Xiang Setoh, Samendra Sherchan, Kwanrawee Sirikanchana, Wendy Smith, Joshua Steele, Rosalie Sabburg, Erin Symonds, Phong Thai, Kevin Thomas, Josh Tynan, Simon Toze, Janelle Thompson, Andy Whiteley, Judith Wong, Daisuke Sano, Stefan Wuertz, Irene Xagoraraki, Qian Zhang, Amity Zimmer-Faust, Orin Shanks

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater; Surveillance; False-positive; False-negative; RT-PCR

Online: 19 April 2021 (13:08:13 CEST)

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Wastewater surveillance for pathogens using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is an effective, resource-efficient tool for gathering additional community-level public health information, including the incidence and/or prevalence and trends of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater may provide an early-warning signal of COVID-19 infections in a community. The capacity of the world’s environmental microbiology and virology laboratories for SARS-CoV-2 RNA characterization in wastewater is rapidly increasing. However, there are no standardized protocols nor harmonized quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance. This paper is a technical review of factors that can lead to false-positive and -negative errors in the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, culminating in recommendations and strategies that can be implemented to identify and mitigate these errors. Recommendations include, stringent QA/QC measures, representative sampling approaches, effective virus concentration and efficient RNA extraction, amplification inhibition assessment, inclusion of sample processing controls, and considerations for RT-PCR assay selection and data interpretation. Clear data interpretation guidelines (e.g., determination of positive and negative samples) are critical, particularly during a low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. Corrective and confirmatory actions must be in place for inconclusive and/or potentially significant results (e.g., initial onset or reemergence of COVID-19 in a community). It will also be prudent to perform inter-laboratory comparisons to ensure results are reliable and interpretable for ongoing and retrospective analyses. The strategies that are recommended in this review aim to improve SARS-CoV-2 characterization for wastewater surveillance applications. A silver lining of the COVID-19 pandemic is that the efficacy of wastewater surveillance was demonstrated during this global crisis. In the future, wastewater will play an important role in the surveillance of a range of other communicable diseases.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0548.v1

Characterization of Carotenoid and Carotenoid Esters of Astringent Persimmon Tissues (Diospyros kaki Thunb. var. Rojo Brillante). Effects of Thermal and High Pressure Non-Thermal Processing

M. Pilar Cano, Andrea Gómez-Maqueo, Jorge Welti-Chanes, Tomás García-Cayuela

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Food Chemistry Keywords: Persimmon, Diospyrus kaki Thunb., var. Rojo Brillante, astringent, carotenoids, carotenoid esters, HPLC-PDA-MS (APCI+), processing effects

Online: 22 November 2018 (14:26:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0181.v1

Determination of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Cow's Milk by Using HPLC-FLD, in Injibara Town, Awi Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia

Adisie Kassa, Alemu Talema, Getasew Ketsela

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Ethiopia; milk; aflatoxin; Awi zone; HPLC-FLD; Aspergillus

Online: 8 October 2020 (15:53:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0381.v1

Building-Level Wastewater Monitoring for COVID-19 Using Tampon Swabs and RT-LAMP for Rapid SARS-Cov-2 RNA Detection

Aaron Bivins, Megan Lott, Marlee Shaffer, Zhenyu Wu, Devin North, Erin Lipp, Kyle Bibby

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; wastewater monitoring; environmental surveillance; RT-LAMP; building-level; near-source; passive sampling

Online: 17 May 2021 (10:07:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0003.v1

Chronic Wasting Disease: Evolution of Diagnostic Testing for a Naturally Occurring Prion Disease

Nicholas J. Haley, Juergen A. Richt

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: prion, cervids, PMCA, RT-QuIC, diagnosis

Online: 3 July 2017 (17:34:35 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0526.v1

Nucleic Acid and Immunological Diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2: Processes, Platforms and Pitfalls

Avinash Premraj, Abi George Aleyas, Binita Nautiyal, Thaha Jamal Rasool

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19 testing; molecular diagnostics; immunological testing; RT-qPCR; ELISA; pool PCR; lateral flow assay; rapid assay

Online: 23 September 2020 (03:33:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0073.v1

Amino Acid Content in Onions as Potential Fingerprints of Geographical Origin: The Case of Rossa da Inverno sel. Rojo Duro

Federica Ianni, Antonella Lisanti, Maura Marinozzi, Emidio Camaioni, Lucia Pucciarini, Andrea Massoli, Roccaldo Sardella, Luciano Concezzi, Benedetto Natalini

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Food Chemistry Keywords: Rossa da inverno sel. Rojo Duro onion cultivar; geographical origin; amino acids content; HPLC analysis; statistical evaluations; food traceability

Online: 6 April 2018 (09:04:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0142.v1

COVID-19 Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis Overview

Rania Zayed, Dalia Omran, Abeer Zayed

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; serology; RT-PCR; lab; clinical

Online: 8 May 2020 (12:26:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0194.v1

Aromatic Plants: Antioxidant Capacity and Polyphenol Characterisation

Charalampos Proestos, Theo Varzakas

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Food Chemistry Keywords: aromatic plants; HPLC; antioxidant capacity; DPPH; Rancimat test

Online: 27 March 2017 (09:57:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0284.v1

Factors Affecting SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic, including Zoonotic, Human Transmission and Chain of Infection. Reducing Public Health Risk by Serum Antibody Testing, Avoiding Screening in Unhygienic Places and False PCR Reporting. A Scientific Review

Kamran Mahmood Ahmed Aziz, Abdullah Othman, Waleed Alqahtani, Sumaiya Azhar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; RT-PCR; antibody; zoonotic; animal transmission; genomics; asymptomatic fraction; herd immunity

Online: 23 June 2020 (13:30:11 CEST)

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Since December 2019, a rapid increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) cases was reported worldwide, despite strict infection control and lock down measures. Current paper investigated the actual facts behind this rapid increase in the number of cases. Study of genomic sequence reveals that domestic and wild animals were likely ancestors and zoonotic source for SARS-CoVs, MERS-CoVs, and SARS-CoV-2. Strong evidence suggest that these viruses already existed and replicated in animals and humans during past several decades, exhibiting diverse mutations, evolutions and self-limiting diseases, except during outbreaks. Serious zoonotic reservoir investigations are required to investigate animal transmission of SARS-CoVs and SARS-CoV-2 to limit current pandemic. This might be the reason of increasing number of cases via animals. SARS-CoV-2 has been retrospectively isolated in different studies in August 2019, several months before Wuhan announced. Hence, there is a possibility that viruses existed, went undetected, infecting subclinically, in past several years, and SARS-CoV-2 antigens and neutralizing antibodies may have been present in humans since long time. This might be another reason of increasing number of cases by screening as mass screening and antigen or antibody testing was not carried out in the past years. Randomized controlled trials are required to investigate human to human transmission by touch, as the current evidence is limited with conflicting results. As all SARS-CoVs are basically respiratory viruses, droplet precautions and infection control measures are essential, especially for hospital staff. Increased number of SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic, or subclinical cases are detected worldwide. This silent phase of transmission can be beneficial for humans. Lack of symptoms eventually lessen virus transmission and reduce the pathogen's long-term survival and provide humoral herd immunity up to several years. Hence, seropositivity with diverse antibodies develops against mutating SARS-CoVs which will confer strong immunity during epidemics. Strategies such as identification, contact tracing and quarantine are costly and practically difficult. Hence, asymptomatic persons can continue their work with droplet precautions and standard infection control procedures, while symptomatic or sick persons can isolate themselves in their homes without the need for strict quarantine until clinical recovery, with reduced hospital visits and minimizing chances of hospital acquired infections. RT-PCR has low sensitivity and specificity, carries a high risk of handling live virus antigens, and requires difficult protocols. As viral load also sharply declines after few days of onset of infection, this technique might overlook infection. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection may be present in blood when oropharyngeal swabs are negative by RT-PCR. Additionally, RT-PCR usually gives false negative and false positive results and must be interpreted cautiously. This might be again a reason of increasing number of cases by false positive RT-PCR reporting. Moreover, antibodies against SARS-CoVs develop robustly in serum even by reduced amount of antigens. In contrast to RT-PCR, ELISA for diagnosing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 demonstrates 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity, even in clinically asymptomatic individuals. These antibodies can be used for serologic surveys, monitoring and screening. However, screening tests for SARS-COV-2 should be avoided in unhygienic public places by nasopharyngeal swabs, which carry a high risk of further transmission, co-infection or superinfection. Such highly infectious virus must be isolated and tested in highly sterilized laboratory. Further strict international laws and policies are required to stop the possible spread of experimental viruses, biological warfare and bioterrorism.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0206.v2

An Approach to Screen COVID-19 Patients Using Diagnostic Kits: With Special Reference to Pakistan

Faiza Durrani, Farhat Zaheer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: COVID-19; RT-qPCR; liquid phase immunoassay

Online: 30 April 2020 (05:10:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0320.v1

Inherent Bias of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Quantification for Wastewater Surveillance Due to Variable RT-qPCR Assay Parameters

Aaron Bivins, Devrim Kaya, Kyle Bibby, Stuart Simpson, Stephen Bustin, Orin Shanks, Warish Ahmed

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: RT-qPCR; assay validity; standard curve; quality assurance; quality control; wastewater surveillance

Online: 11 June 2021 (14:10:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0309.v1

Development of a Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Detection Method for the Analysis of Phenyltin Compounds in Environmental Water and Canned Food Samples

Heena N/A, Ashok Kumar Malik, Abuzar Kabir, Kenneth G. Furton

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: phenyltin derivatives; tetraphenyltin; triphenyltin chloride; triphenyltin acetate; triphenyltin hydroxide; fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Online: 24 April 2018 (07:45:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0093.v1

Genome-Wide Association Study for Resistance to the Meloidogyne javanica Causing Root-Knot Nematode in Soybean

Jean Carlos Alekcevetch, André Luiz de Lima Passianotto, Everton Geraldo Capote Ferreira, Adriana Brombini dos Santos, Danielle Cristina Gregório da Silva, Waldir Pereira Dias, François Belzile, Ricardo Vilela Abdelnoor, Francismar Corrêa Marcelino-Guimarães

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: mixed linear model; genotyping-by-sequencing; functional validation; RT-qPCR; resistance genes; GWAS

Online: 7 December 2019 (12:41:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0652.v1

Influence of Chitosan-Based Edible Coating on the Shelf Life and Nutritional Quality of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Fruit in Room and Refrigerated Temperatures

Areeqa Shamshad, shahzad Zafar Iqbal, Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis, Sunusi Usman, Nada Basheir Ali, Amna Mumtaz, Muhammad Rafique Asi

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: chitosan coating; edible coating; guava fruit; shelf-life; HPLC; flavonoids

Online: 26 March 2021 (10:12:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0091.v1

Evidence-Based Evaluation of PCR Diagnostics for SARS-Cov-2 and The Omicron Variants by Sanger Sequencing

Sin Hang Lee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV; RT-PCR; Sanger sequencing; RT-qPCR; receptor-binding domain (RBD); N-terminal domain (NTD); Omicron; multi-allelic SNPs; false-positive

Online: 12 April 2022 (03:57:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0316.v1

Diagnostics and Monitoring of COVID-19 Infection – Current Understanding

Martina Bergant, Ario de Marco

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: RT-PCR; seroconversion; serum biomarkers; SARS-CoV2; neutralizing antibodies

Online: 20 May 2020 (04:10:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0042.v1

In Spino-Cerebellar Tissue, Ataxin-2 Expansion Affects Ceramide-Sphingomyelin Metabolism

Nesli-Ece Sen, Aleksandar Arsovic, David Meierhofer, Susanne Brodesser, Carola Oberschmidt, Júlia Canet-Pons, Zeynep-Ece Kaya, Melanie V. Halbach, Suzana Gispert, Konrad Sandhoff, Georg Auburger

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy (OPCA); amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); tauopathy; leukodystrophy; mass spectrometry; RT-qPCR; Ceramide Synthase (CERS2/CERS1); Serine Palmitoyltransferase 2 (Sptlc2); neutral Sphingomyelinase (Smpd3); neutral Ceramidase (Asah2); Fatty Acid Elongase (Elovl1/4/5); SCA34; SCA38; acid Sphingomyelinase (ASMase, Smpd1)

Online: 5 November 2019 (03:04:02 CET)

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Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) acts during stress-responses, modulating mRNA translation and nutrient metabolism. Atxn2 knockout mice exhibit progressive obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Conversely, the progressive ATXN2 gain-of-function due to polyGlutamine (polyQ) expansions leads to a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative process named spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), with early adipose tissue loss and late muscle atrophy. We tried to understand lipid dysregulation in a SCA2 patient brain and in an authentic mouse model. Thin layer chromatography of a patient cerebellum was compared to the lipid metabolome of Atxn2-CAG100-KnockIn (KIN) mouse spinocerebellar tissue. The human pathology caused deficits of sulfatide, galactosylceramide, cholesterol, C22/24-sphingomyelin and gangliosides GM1a/GD1b, despite quite normal levels of C18-sphingomyelin. Cerebellum and spinal cord from the KIN mouse showed a consistent decrease of various ceramides, with a significant elevation of sphingosine in the more severely affected spinal cord. Deficiency of C24/26-sphingomyelins contrasted with excess C18/20-sphingomyelin. Spinocerebellar expression profiling revealed consistent reductions of CERS protein isoforms, of Sptlc2 and Smpd3, but upregulation of Cers2 mRNA, as prominent anomalies in the ceramide-sphingosine metabolism. Reduction of Asah2 mRNA correlated to deficient S1P levels. In addition, downregulations for the elongase Elovl1, Elovl4, Elovl5 mRNAs and ELOVL4 protein explain the deficit of very-long-chain sphingomyelin. Reduced ASMase protein levels correlated to the accumulation of long-chain sphingomyelin. Overall, a deficit of myelin lipids was prominent in SCA2 nervous tissue at prefinal stage, not compensated by transcriptional adaptation of several metabolic enzymes. Myelination is controlled by mTORC1 signals, so our human and murine observations are in agreement with the known role of ATXN2 yeast, nematode and mouse orthologs as mTORC1 inhibitors and autophagy promoters.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0175.v1

Polyphenols from Tamarix nilotica: LC–ESI-MSn Profiling and In-Vivo Antifibrotic Activity

Ahmed Sekkien, Noha Swilam, Sherif Ebada, Ahmed Esmat, Ahmed H. Elkhatib, Michael W. Linscheid, Abdel Nasser Singab

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: Tamarix nilotica; Tamaricaceae; polyphenols; HPLC/HRESI/MS/MS; antifibrotic activity

Online: 11 May 2018 (05:18:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0161.v2

Assessment, Validation and Application to Real Samples of a RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Guayulins A, B, C and D in Guayule Shrub

Nadia Spano, Paola Meloni, Ilenia Idda, Alberto Mariani, Maria Itria Pilo, Valeria Marina Nurchi, Joanna Izabela Lachowicz, Ernesto Rivera, Ancelmo Orona-Espino, Gavino Sanna

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Guayule; Parthenium argentatum Gray; resin; guayulins; RP-HPLC

Online: 22 March 2018 (03:19:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0324.v1

High Rate of Circulating MERS-CoV in Dromedary Camels at Slaughterhouses in Riyadh, 2019

Taibh Aljasim, Abdulrahman Almasoud, Haya A. Aljami, Mohamed W. Alenazi, Suliman A. Alsagaby, Asma N. Alsaleh, Naif Khalaf Alharbi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: MERS-CoV; camel; seroprevalence; transmission; ELISA; RT-qPCR; slaughterhouse

Online: 15 September 2020 (03:54:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0051.v1

Does Glutamine Concentration Depends on the Type of the Operation?

Aleksandra Rozowicz, Krzysztof Kusza, Marlena Jakubczyk, Piotr Kośliński, Paulina Szatkowska-Wandas, Katarzyna Wawrzyniak, Marcin Koba, Jacek Szopinski, Pawel Jakubczyk

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: glutamine; perioperative period; bypass surgery; intestine surgery; HPLC

Online: 7 March 2018 (05:21:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0037.v1

Development of an Improved Carotenoid Extraction Method and Characterisation of the Carotenoid Composition under Oxidative and Cold Stress in the Rock Inhabiting Fungus Knufia Petricola A95

Kerstin Flieger, Nicole Knabe, Jörg Toepel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Knufia petricola A95, HPLC analysis, carotenoids, black yeasts, didehydrolycopene

Online: 2 October 2018 (22:39:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0275.v1

Analysis of the Primary Presenting Symptoms and Hematological Findings of COVID-19 Patients in Bangladesh

Abu Taiub Mohammed Mohiuddin Chowdhury, Md Rezaul Karim, H.M. Hamidullah Mehedi, Mohammad Shahbaz, Md Wazed Chowdhury, Guo Dan, Shuixiang He

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; real-time RT-PCR; COVID-19 symptoms; COVID-19 hematological findings; Bangladesh

Online: 21 June 2020 (14:47:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0548.v1

Transfer Learning for the Detection and Diagnosis of Types of Pneumonia Including Pneumonia Induced by the COVID-19 from Chest X-Ray Images

Yusuf Brima, Marcellin Atemkeng, Stive Tankio Djiokap, Jaures Ebiele, Franklin Tchakounté

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: ANN; COVID-19; CT; mRNA; MRI; RT-PCR; SARS-CoV-2; XCR

Online: 23 July 2021 (15:02:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0459.v1

A Novel Bioanalytical HPLC-MS/MS Method for Deucravacitinib Determination in Human Plasma

Pottabattula Mahesh, M. Akiful Haque, Baher I. Salman, Tarek S. Belal, Adel Ehab Ibrahim, Sami El Deeb

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Deucravacitinib; HPLC-MS/MS; Psoriasis; Human plasma

Online: 18 April 2023 (02:51:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0037.v1

Characterization and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Bovine Dermcidin, a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide Gene

Nevien Sabry, Tarek Moussa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Bos taurus; skin; bovine dermcidin; RT-PCR; antimicrobial activity

Online: 6 May 2019 (08:35:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0041.v1

Metabolomics Characterizes the Effects and Mechanisms of Quercetin in the Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development

Yan Xu, Jichun Han, Jinjin Dong, Xiangcheng Fan, Yuanyuan Cai, Jing Li, Tao Wang, Jia Zhou, Jing Shang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; high fat-sucrose diet; metabolomics; HPLC-QTOF-MS; quercetin

Online: 4 January 2019 (14:04:13 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0193.v1

Added Value of Chest CT in Suspected COVID-19: An Analysis of 239 Patients

Daniel A. Korevaar, Ruud S. Kootte, Loek P. Smits, Joost G. van den Aardweg, Peter I. Bonta, Janke Schinkel, Rene M. Vigeveno, Inge A.H. van den Berk, Maeke J. Scheerder, Bregtje A. Lemkes, Abraham Goorhuis, Ludo F.M. Beenen, Jouke T. Annema

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; diagnostic accuracy; CT; RT-PCR

Online: 11 May 2020 (12:35:08 CEST)

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Introduction: Clinicians have been struggling with the optimal diagnostic approach of patients with suspected COVID-19. We evaluated the added value of chest CT over RT-PCR alone. Methods: Consecutive adult patients with suspected COVID-19 presenting to the emergency department (Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands) from March 16^th to April 16^th were retrospectively included if they required hospital admission and underwent chest CT and RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The CO-RADS classification was used to assess the radiological probability of COVID-19, where a score of 1-2 was considered as negative, 3 as indeterminate, and 4-5 as positive. CT results were stratified by initial RT-PCR results. For patients with a negative RT-PCR but a positive CT, serology or multidisciplinary discussion after clinical follow-up constituted the final diagnosis. Results: 258 patients with suspected COVID-19 were admitted, of which 239 were included because they had both CT and RT-PCR testing upon admission. Overall, 112 patients (46.9%) had a positive initial RT-PCR, and 14 (5.9%) had a positive repeat RT-PCR. Of 127 patients with a negative or indeterminate initial RT-PCR, 38 (29.9% [95%CI 21.3-39.3%]) had a positive CT. Of these, 13 had a positive RT-PCR upon repeat testing, and 5 had positive serology. The remaining 20 patients were assessed in a multidisciplinary consensus meeting, and for 13 it was concluded that COVID-19 was ‘very likely’. Of 112 patients with a positive initial RT-PCR result, CT was positive in 104 (92.9% [95%CI 89.3-97.5%]). Conclusion: In a high-prevalence emergency department setting, chest CT showed high probability of COVID-19 (CO-RADS 4-5) in 29.9% of patients with a negative or indeterminate initial RT-PCR result. As the majority of these patients had proven or ‘very likely’ COVID-19 after follow-up, we believe that CT helps in the identification of patients who should be admitted in isolation.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0319.v1

Isolation of Protease Inhibitors from Cyanobacteriaum Microcystis sp. Strain BM 25 Which Inhibits Major Digestive Enzyme in Daphnia magna

Md. Mohibul Hasan, Md. kamrul Hasan, M. Harun-or Rashid, Abul Khayer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: cyanobacteria; protease inhibitors; digestive enzyme; daphnia; HPLC; UV/Vis

Online: 27 May 2019 (12:56:49 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0342.v1

RNA Extraction Alternative Method for SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Diagnosis

Elisa Bianchini, Francesco Rossignolo, Melissa Perfranceschi, Chiara Cazzin, Ronaldo Silva, Fabio Formenti, Francesca Perandin, Cristiana Griffante, Rosaria Remelli, Michela Padovani, Salvatore Scarso, Martina Leonardi, Chiara Piubelli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; nasopharyngeal swab; RNA extraction; RT-PCR

Online: 14 May 2021 (14:46:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0054.v1

THD Reduction in Wind Energy System Using Type-4 Wind Turbine/PMSG Applying the Active Front-End Converter Parallel Operation

Nadia Maria Salgado-Herrera, David Campos-Gaona, Olimpo Anaya-Lara, Aurelio Medina-Rios, Roberto Tapia-Sanchez, Juan Ramon Rodriguez-Rodriguez

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Active Front-End converter; back-to-back converter; PMSG; THD; Type-4 wind turbine; wind energy system; Opal-RT Technologies®

Online: 4 September 2018 (05:02:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0552.v1

Native V. Californicum Alkaloid Combinations Induce Differential Inhibition of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling

Matthew W. Turner, Roberto Cruz, Jordan Elwell, John French, Jared Mattos, Owen M. McDougal

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: Hedgehog signaling; Veratrum californicum; cyclopamine; HPLC-MS; Shh-Light II cells

Online: 28 July 2018 (23:25:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0156.v1

In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Methane Production of PUFA-Containing Rations as Treated by Flavonoid and Essential Oil from Piper betle L.

Rayudika Aprilia Patindra Purba, Pramote Paengkoum, Chalermpon Yuangklang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: quercetin; eugenol; organic compounds; rumen; environment; HPLC-DAD; polyphenols-containing plants

Online: 13 April 2019 (05:23:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0275.v1

Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Molecular Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Healthy and Tumor Xenograft Mouse Models

David Licha, Silvia Vidali, Sepideh Aminzadeh-Gohari, Oliver Alka, Leander Breitkreuz, Oliver Kohlbacher, Roland Reischl, Roland Feichtinger, Barbara Kofler, Christian G. Huber

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: ketogenic diet; breast cancer; xenograft; untargeted metabolomics; HPLC-MS; reversed phase chromatography; hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography

Online: 27 June 2019 (05:35:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0073.v1

Effects of Different Colored LEDs on the Enhancement of Biologically Active Ingredients in Callus Cultures of Gynura Procumbens (Lour.) Merr.

Thang Tung Lian, Se-Yeoun Cha, Myat Myat Moe, Yong Ju Kim, Keuk Soo Bang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: leds; elicitor; gynura procumbens; callus; hplc; lc-ms; cyanidin-monoglucosides

Online: 7 October 2019 (12:30:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0212.v1

One-tube RT-PCR for the Simultaneous Detection and Typing Duck Hepatitis A Virus Subtypes 1 and 3

Xueming Chen, Yuhuan Chen, Chunguo Liu, Xiaojun Li, Hongyu Liu, Xiaofei Bai, Ming Liu, Yun Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: DHAV-1; DHAV-3; Phylogenetic analysis; One-tube RT-PCR; Simultaneously

Online: 22 January 2019 (11:08:19 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0526.v1

Circulating SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Italy, October 2020-March 2021

Alessia Lai, Annalisa Bergna, Stefano Menzo, Gianguglielmo Zehender, Sara Caucci, Valeria Ghisetti, Francesca Rizzo, Fabrizio Maggi, Francesco Cerutti, Giorgio Giurato, Alessandro Weisz, Chiara Turchi, Bianca Bruzzone, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Nicola Clementi, Annapaola Callegaro, Fabio Sagradi, Daniela Francisci, Emmanuele Venanzi Rullo, Ilaria Vicenti, Massimo Clementi, Massimo Galli

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 virus; complete genome sequencing; COVID-19 RT-PCR testing; Spike protein; vi-ral variants

Online: 21 May 2021 (15:12:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0290.v1

Biogenic Amines in Traditional Fiore Sardo PDO Sheep Cheese: Assessment, Validation and Application of a RP-HPLC-DAD-UV Method

Claudia Zazzu , Margherita Addis, Marco Caredda, Maria Francesca Scintu, Giovanni Piredda , Gavino Sanna

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Fiore Sardo PDO; biogenic amines; sheep’s cheese; RP-HPLC

Online: 29 January 2019 (09:32:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0025.v1

Curcumin and Quercetin Loaded Nanoemulsion: Physicochemical Compatibility Study and Validation of a Simultaneous Quantification Method

Gustavo Vaz, Adryana Clementino, Juliana Bidone, Marcos Villetti, Mariana Falkembach, Matheus Batista, Paula Barros, Cristiana Dora, Fabio Sonvico

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: HPLC method; Curcumin; Quercetin; Thermal analysis; Nanoemulsion

Online: 2 August 2020 (12:15:13 CEST)

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Biphasic oily/water nanoemulsions have been proposed as delivery systems for the intranasal administration of curcumin (CUR) and quercetin (QU), due to their high drug entrapment efficiency, the possibility of simultaneous drug administration and protection of the encapsulated compounds from the degradation. To better understand the physicochemical and biological performance of the selected formulation simultaneously co-encapsulating CUR and QU, a stability test of the compounds mixture was firstly carried out using X-ray powder diffraction and thermal analyses, such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The determination and quantification of the encapsulated active compounds was then required being an essential tool for the development of innovative nanomedicines. Thus, a new HPLC–UV/Vis method for the simultaneous determination of CUR and QU in the nanoemulsions and their evaluation in stability studies in simulated biological fluids was developed and validated. The X-ray diffraction analyses demonstrated that no interaction between the mixture of active ingredients, if any, is strong enough to take place in the solid state. Moreover, the thermal analysis demonstrated that the CUR and QU are stable in the nanoemulsion production temperature range. The proposed analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of the two actives was selective and linear for both compounds in the range of 0.5 – 12.5 µg/mL (R2 > 0.9997), precise (RSD below 3%), robust and accurate (recovery 100 ± 5 %). The method was validated in accordance with ICH Q2 R1 “Validation of Analytical Procedures” and CDER-FDA 2validation of chromatographic methods” guideline. Furthermore, the low detection (LOD < 0.005 µg/mL for CUR and <0.14 µg/mL for QU) and quantification limits (LOQ < 0.017 µg/mL for CUR and < 0.48 µg/mL for QU) of the method were suitable for the application to drug release and permeation studies planned for the development of the nanoemulsions. The method was then applied for the determination of nanoemulsions CUR and QU encapsulation efficiencies (> 99%), as well as for the stability studies of the two compounds in simulated biological fluids over time. The proposed method represents, to our knowledge, the only method for the simultaneous quantification of CUR, and QU in nanoemulsions.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0071.v1

Lysophospholipids, Lysophosphatidic Acids and Monoacylglycerols: New Therapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular Diseases?

Thomas Duflot, Ly Tu, Matthieu Leuillier, Hind Messaoudi, Déborah Groussard, Saïda Azhar, Raphaël Thuillet, Marc Humbert, Vincent Richard, Christophe Guignabert, Jérémy Bellien

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: lysophospholipids; lysophosphatidic acids; cardiovascular diseases; HPLC-MS/MS; rodent models; pulmonary hypertension; chronic heart failure; hypertension

Online: 3 September 2021 (15:19:54 CEST)

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Working Paper BRIEF REPORT

Positive Rate Is Useful to Evaluate the Sufficiency of RT-PCR Test Availability for COVID-19

Sadao Suzuki

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; RT-PCR test; pre-test probability; positive rate

Online: 5 May 2020 (06:04:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0292.v1

Ke Zhou, Audrey Blanc-Lapierre, Valérie Seegers, Michèle Boisdron-Celle, Frédéric Bigot, Marianne Bourdon, Hakim Mahammedi, Aurélien Lambert, Mario Campone, Martine Bellanger, Jean-Luc Raoul

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: cancer; COVID-19; symptoms; healthcare workers; anosmia; dysgeusia; ageusia; France; serological test; RT-PCR

Online: 10 March 2021 (16:17:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0257.v1

Purification and Product Characterization of Lipoxygenase from Opium Poppy Cultures (Papaver Somniferum L.)

Ivana Holková, Drahomíra Rauová, Michaela Mergová, Lýdia Bezáková, Peter Mikuš

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: Papaver somniferum L.; lipoxygenase; purification; lipoxygenase products; positional specificity; HPLC analysis

Online: 22 November 2019 (07:20:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1846.v1

Metabolome Mining of Curcuma longa L. Using HPLC-MS/MS and Molecular Networking

Rabin Budhathoki, Arjun Prasad Timilsina, Bishnu P. Regmi, Khaga Raj Sharma, Niraj Aryal, Niranjan Parajuli

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Untargeted metabolomics; HPLC-ESI-MS/MS; Curcuma longa; GNPS; Diarylheptanoids

Online: 27 June 2023 (04:47:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0688.v1

Direct Quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 Using Droplet Digital PCR in Suspected Samples With Very Low Viral Load

Michela Deiana, Chiara Piubelli, Antonio Mori, Gian Paolo Chiecchi, Giulia La Marca, Martina Leonardi, Davide Treggiari, Anna Beltrame, Lucia Moro, Zeno Bisoffi, Elena Pomari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: droplet digital PCR; real time RT-PCR; SARS-CoV-2; false negative; viral load; diagnosis

Online: 26 April 2021 (20:09:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0415.v2

A Routine Sanger Sequencing Target Specific Mutation Assay For SARS-CoV-2 Variants Of Concern And Interest

Sin Hang Lee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Delta variant; Variants of concern; Variants of interest; SARS-CoV-2; Spike protein; Nested RT-PCR; Sanger sequencing; Amino acid mutations; ACE2 RBD; N-terminal domain (NTD)

Online: 2 November 2021 (10:40:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0055.v1

Characterization of Andean Blueberry in Bioactive Compounds, Evaluation of Biological Properties and in vitro Bioaccessibility

Nieves Baenas, Jenny Ruales, Diego A. Moreno, Daniel Alejandro Barrio, Carla M. Stinco, Gabriela Martínez-Cifuentes, Antonio J. Meléndez-Martínez, Almudena García-Ruiz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: mortiño; Vaccinium floribundum; HPLC-MS/MS; anthocyanins; antioxidant; antimicrobial; toxicity; Zebrafish.

Online: 3 September 2020 (04:43:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0689.v1

Mobility Patterns of the Portuguese Population During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study

Tiago Tamagusko, Adelino Ferreira

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: COVID-19; mobility patterns; Rt; changepoint; modeling; Portugal; Longitudinal Study

Online: 29 March 2021 (12:31:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0211.v1

Polymer Identification and Specific Analysis (PISA) of Microplastic Total Mass in Sediments of the Protected Marine Area of the Meloria Shoals

Valter Castelvetro, Andrea Corti, Jacopo La Nasa, Francesca Modugno, Alessio Ceccarini, Stefania Giannarelli, Virginia Vinciguerra

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: microplastics; marine sediment; pet; nylon 6; nylon 6,6; reversed-phase HPLC; polyolefin; polystyrene; Pyr-GC/MS; polymer degradation

Online: 8 February 2021 (13:13:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0263.v1

New Evidence of the Bidentate Binding Mode in 3-MBA Protected Gold Clusters: Analysis of Aqueous 13–18 kDa Gold-Thiolate Clusters by HPLC-ESI-MS Reveals Special Compositions Au_n(3-MBA)_p, (n = 48 – 67, p = 26-30)

David M. Black, M. Mozammel Hoque, Germán Plascencia-Villa, Robert L. Whetten

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Physical Chemistry Keywords: 3-MBA; gold clusters; ESI-MS; HPLC-MS; bidentate binding

Online: 26 August 2019 (11:08:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0308.v1

Comparison of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Fifteen Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. ‘Hangbaiju’ in China

Jinyan Gong, Bingquan Chu, Lingxiao Gong, Zhongxiang Fang, Xiaoxu Zhang, Shaoping Qiu, Jingjing Wang, Yali Xiang, Gongnian Xiao, Haina Yuan, Fuping Zheng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: chrysanthemum; HPLC; phenolic compounds; principal component analysis; antioxidant capacity

Online: 30 June 2019 (08:55:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0675.v1

Identification of Compounds with Potential Therapeutic Uses from Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits and Their Modulation by Nitric Oxide (NO)

Lucía Guevara, María Ángeles Domínguez-Anaya, Alba Ortigosa, Salvador González-Gordo, Caridad Díaz, Francisca Vicente-Pérez, Francisco J. Corpas, José Pérez del Palacio, José M. Palma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Fruit ripening; gingerglycolipid A; HPLC-HRMS; melatonin; nitric oxide; phytosphingosin; quercetin; transcriptomics; L-tryptophan

Online: 26 March 2021 (15:44:51 CET)

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Plant species are precursors of a wide variety of secondary metabolites that, besides having useful activity for themselves, can also be used by humans for their consumption and economic benefit. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit is not only a common food and spice source, but it also stands out for containing high amounts of antioxidants (such as vitamins C and A), polyphenols and capsaicinoids. Particular attention has been paid to capsaicin, whose anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and analgesic activities, have been proven. Due to the potential interest in pepper metabolites for human use, in this project, we carried out an investigation to identify new bioactive compounds of this crop is carried out. To achieve this, we developed a metabolomic approach, using an HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) separative technique coupled to metabolite identification by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). After chromatographic analysis and data processing against metabolic databases, 12 differential bioactive compounds were identified in sweet pepper fruits, including quercetin and its derivatives, L-tryptophan, phytosphingosin, FAD, gingerglycolipid A, tetrahydropentoxylin, blumenol C glucoside, colnelenic acid and capsoside A. The abundance of these metabolites varied depending on the ripening stage of the fruits, either immature green or ripe red. We also studied the variation of these 12 metabolites upon treatment with exogenous nitric oxide (NO), a free radical gas involved in a good number of physiological processes in higher plants such as germination, growth, flowering, senescence, and fruit ripening, among others. Overall, it was found that the content of the analysed metabolites was modulated by the ripening stage and by the presence of NO. The metabolic pattern followed by quercetin and its derivatives, as a consequence of the ripening stage and NO treatment, was also corroborated by transcriptomic analysis of genes involved in the synthesis of these compounds. This opens new research windows on the pepper fruit’s bioactive compounds with nutraceutical potentiality, where biotechnological strategies can be applied for optimizing the level of these beneficial compounds.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1364.v1

Exploring the Multi-Faceted Potential of Carob Leaves from Morocco: A Comprehensive Analysis of Polyphenols Profile, Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity Against Breast Cancer Cell Lines, and Genotoxicity

Elbouzidi Amine, Mohamed Taibi, Sabir Ouahhoud, Sabir Ouahhoud, Douâae Ou-Yahia, El Hassania Loukili, Marouane Aherkou, Farid Mansouri, Noureddine Bencheikh, Salah Laaraj, Reda Bellaouchi, Ennouamane Saalaoui, Kaoutar Elfazazi, Abdelbasset Berrichi, Malika Abid, Mohamed Addi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Ceratonia siliqua L.; Morocco; HPLC-DAD; Phenolics; Antioxidant activity; Antimicrobial activitiy; cytotoxicity; breast cancer; genotoxicity

Online: 19 May 2023 (03:23:35 CEST)

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The botanical species Ceratonia siliqua L., commonly referred to as the Carob tree, and locally as “L’Kharrûb”, holds significance as an agro-sylvo-pastoral species, and is traditionally utilized in Morocco for treating a variety of ailments. This current investigation aims to ascertain the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties of the ethanolic extract of C. siliqua leaves (CSEE). Initially, we analyzed the chemical composition of CSEE through high-performance liquid chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD). Subsequently, we conducted various assessments, including DPPH scavenging capacity, β-carotene bleaching assay, ABTS scavenging, and total antioxidant capacity assays, to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extract. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial properties of CSEE against five bacterial strains (two gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis; and three gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Escherichia vekanda, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two fungi (Candida albicans, and Geotrichum candidum). Additionally, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of CSEE on three human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-436) and assessed the potential genotoxicity of the extract using the comet assay. Through HPLC-DAD analysis, we determined that phenolic acids and flavonoids were the primary constituents of the CSEE extract. The results of the DPPH test indicated a potent scavenging capacity of the extract with an IC50 of 302.78 ± 7.55 µg/mL, which was comparable to that of ascorbic acid with an IC50 of 260.24 ± 6.45 µg/mL. Similarly, the β-carotene test demonstrated an IC50 of 352.06 ± 12.16 µg/mL, signifying the extract's potential to inhibit oxidative damage. The ABTS assay revealed IC50 values of 48.13 ± 3.66 TE µmol/mL, indicating a strong ability of CSEE to scavenge ABTS radicals, and the TAC assay demonstrated an IC50 value of 165 ± 7.66 µg AAE/mg. The results suggest that the CSEE extract had potent antioxidant activity. Regarding its antimicrobial activity, the CSEE extract was effective against all five tested bacterial strains, indicating its broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. However, it only showed moderate activity against the two tested fungal strains, suggesting it may not be as effective against fungi. The CSEE exhibited a noteworthy dose-dependent inhibitory activity against all the tested tumor cell lines in vitro. The extract did not induce DNA damage at the concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 µg/ml, as assessed by the comet assay. However, the 100 µg/ml concentration of CSEE resulted in a significant genotoxic effect compared to the negative control. A computational analysis was conducted to determine the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the constituent molecules present in the extract. The Prediction of Activity Spectra of Substances (PASS) test was employed to forecast the potential biological activities of these molecules. Additionally, the toxicity of the molecules was evaluated using the Protox II webserver.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0040.v1

Augmented Sensitivity of At-Home Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test (RAT) Kits with Computer Vision

Kim Miikki, Lars Miikki, Jenny Wiklund, Alp Karakoç

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; rapid antigen test; RT-PCR test; COVID-19; image processing; Raspberry Pi

Online: 2 March 2022 (08:06:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1387.v1

ToBRFV Mexican Strain: Seed Transmission Rate, Efficacy of Seed Disinfection Treatment, and Rapid Sensitive Detection in Seed Lots

Erika Janet Zamora-Macorra, Daniel Lobardo Ochoa-Martínez, Claudia Yaritza Chavarín-Camacho, Rosemarie W Hammond, Katia Aviña-Padilla

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: seed transmission; tobamovirus; diagnostic method; natural hosts; RT-PCR

Online: 20 July 2023 (07:26:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0980.v1

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Selected Antibiotics Used in Djibouti Hospitals

abdirahman elmi fourreh, fatouma Mohamed abdoul-Latif, Chayma MOUTI

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: Analysis; antibiotic; Djibouti; HPLC; spectrophotometer; TLC

Online: 17 November 2023 (07:56:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0298.v1

Sintered Glass Monoliths as New Supports for Affinity Columns

Marco Wilke, Bettina Röder, Martin Paul, Michael G. Weller

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Affinity chromatography; matrix; solid support; resin; support materials; glass filter; glass frit; high-pressure; HPLC; FPLC; antibodies; immunoglobulins; purification; downstream processing; protein purification; preparative; analytical; separation; clean-up; automation

Online: 11 March 2021 (08:37:01 CET)

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A novel stationary phase for affinity separations is presented. This material is based on sintered borosilicate glass readily available as semi-finished filter plates with defined porosity and surface area. The material shows fast binding kinetics and excellent long-term stability under real application conditions due to lacking macropores and high mechanical rigidity. The glass surface can be easily modified with standard organosilane chemistry to immobilize selective binders or other molecules used for biointeraction. In this paper, the manufacturing of the columns and their respective column holders by 3D printing is shown in detail. The model system protein A/IgG was chosen as an example to examine the properties of such monolithic columns under realistic application conditions. Several specifications, such as (dynamic) IgG capacity, pressure stability, long-term performance, productivity, non-specific binding, and peak shape, are presented. It could be shown that due to the very high separation speed, 250 mg antibody per hour and column can be collected, which surpasses the productivity of most standard columns of the same size. The total IgG capacity of the shown columns is around 4 mg (5.5 mg/mL), which is sufficient for most tasks in research laboratories. The cycle time of an IgG separation can be less than 1 minute. Due to the glass material's excellent pressure resistance, these columns are compatible with standard HPLC systems. This is usually not the case with standard affinity columns, limited to manual use or application in low-pressure systems. The use of a standard HPLC system also improves the ability for automation, which enables the purification of hundreds of cell supernatants in one day. The sharp peak shape of the elution leads to an enrichment effect, which might increase the concentration of IgG by a factor of 3. The final concentration of IgG can be around 7.5 mg/mL without the need for an additional nanofiltration step. The purity of the IgG was > 95% in one step and nearly 99% with a second polishing run.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Fast Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Directly from Respiratory Samples Using a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Test

Olympia E. Anastasiou, Caroline Holtkamp, Miriam Schäfer, Frieda Schön, Anna Maria Eis-Hübinger, Andi Krumbholz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; RT-PCR; nucleic acids; direct testing; loop-mediated isothermal amplification; LAMP

Online: 5 April 2021 (12:21:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.2086.v1

Greener and Whiter Analytical Chemistry Using Cyrene as a More Sustainable and Eco-Friendlier Mobile Phase Solvent in Chromatography

Sami El Deeb, Khalid Abdelsamad, Maria Kristina Parr

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: green analytical chemistry; white analytical chemistry; global climate change; sustibability; sus-tinable solvent; greeneess; Cyrene, RGB12; AGREE; RP-HPLC

Online: 31 August 2023 (03:21:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0142.v1

Chronic Kidney Disease–Associated Pruritus is Caused by Dysregulated Ion Channels in Sensory Neurons

Akishi Momose, Michihiko Yabe, Shigetoshi Chiba, Kenjirou Kumakawa, Yasuo Shiraiwa, Hiroki Mizukami

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: uremic pruritus; ion channels; cell signaling; Cav3.2 calcium channel; RT-PCR; skin

Online: 14 September 2019 (19:00:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0754.v1

Fixed Combination of Rivaroxaban and Aspirin: Tablet For-Mulation and Analytical Method Development

Hani A Naseef, Mosab Afaneh, Moammal Salah Qurt, Numan M Malkieh, Maher Kharouf, Ramzi Muqedi, Abdallah D. Abukhalil, Abdullah K. Rabba

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Rivaroxaban; Aspirin; fixed-dose combination; validation; RP HPLC method

Online: 12 June 2023 (04:20:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0525.v1

Exploring New Scaffolds for the Dual Inhibition of HIV-1 Rt Polymerase and Ribonuclease Associated Functions

Rita Meleddu, Angela Corona, Simona Distinto, Filippo Cottiglia, Serenella Deplano, Lisa Sequeira, Daniela Secci, Alessia Onali, Erica Sanna, Francesca Esposito, Italo Cirone, Francesco Ortuso, Stefano Alcaro, Enzo Tramontano, Peter Matyus, Elias Maccioni

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: HIV-RT; ribonuclease H; dual inhibitors; docking; putative binding

Online: 23 February 2021 (15:51:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0126.v1

Development, Validation for Determination of Verteporfin by HPLC-DAD and Application to Real samples

Ahmet Ozgun DOGRAMACIOGLU, Cemile ÖZCAN

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: HPLC-DAD-UV; Verteporfin; ICH Q2 R; Validation

Online: 8 June 2022 (11:03:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0280.v1

Expression of Stress-Mediating Genes Is Increased in Term Placentas of Women with Chronic Self-Perceived Anxiety and Depression

Cristina A. Martinez, Ina Marteinsdottir, Ann Josefsson, Gunilla Sydsjo, Elvar Theodorsson, Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: antenatal stress; hair cortisol; term-placentae; RT-qPCR; human

Online: 21 June 2020 (16:30:08 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1678.v1

FLASH Radiation Therapy- Key Physical Irradiation Parameters and Beam Characteristics

roya boodaghi malidarre, Hesham M.H. Zakaly

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: CONV-RT; FLASH-RT; ultra-high-dose-rate; beam characteristics; pulsed beams; normal tissue sparing

Online: 24 August 2023 (04:10:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0277.v1

Potential Clinical Benefits of TDM of Antimicrobials in Japan

Fumiya Ebihara, Yukihiro Hamada, Takumi Maruyama, Toshimi Kimura

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: HPLC; TDM; ceftriaxone; daptomycin; linezolid

Online: 19 January 2022 (14:29:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0509.v1

Using FTA Cards as a Rapid and Field Tool for Detection and Serotyping of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus in Libya

Fadila Abosrer, Elfurgani Kraim, Emiliana Brocchi, Giulia Pezzoni, Santina Grazioli, Abdunaser Dayhum, Ibrahim Eldaghayes

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: FTA cards; foot-and-mouth disease; RT-PCR; field; sequence

Online: 30 August 2022 (05:45:36 CEST)

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Working Paper BRIEF REPORT

Are we on the Right Way after 200 Days of COVID-19 in Morocco?

Issam Bennis, Amina Nasri Sahraoui, Moulay Mustapha Alaoui

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; RT-PCR; control strategy; Morocco

Online: 5 November 2020 (10:40:41 CET)

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Historically, 2020 will be remembered as the year of COVID-19 pandemic, that limited people move and their social habits. This virus, becomes the first daily tracked public health burden that leads to more than 1,2 million deaths in the World by the end of October 2020, and until now no countries' best control strategies are cited as the example of long term success.Since March 2^nd, 2020, date of the first SARS-COV-2 detected case in Morocco; many decisions were adopted as COVID-19 control strategies. If the first period of COVID-19 noticed a few numbers of cases and deaths, the second half from July is marked with an exponential increase of the number of cases and a spread in almost all provinces with more intensive care needs and more deaths. The policy analysis approach was followed as a method to define the pitfalls themes and to compare with the updated available international information any significant similarities or divergences. Thus, this report has the aim to present an overview of how the COVID-19 pandemic was dealt in Morocco during these 200 days, by highlighting some discrepancies with corrective advice provided in the first version of the manuscript to be confronted by a Moroccan health policymaker’s community, then to notice the decisions adopted during another one month by the MoH to get better future control results against COVID-19.Unfortunately, despite the MoH decision to increase the diagnostic facilities for molecular tests, the overall number of laboratory tests do not go further than 21000 tests per day. The actual insidious transmission is a dangerous blind threat that dissipates the collaborating efforts, due to this limited number of confirmation and follows up tests.Accurate, standardised and up to ten times per day tests of molecular biology represented by RT-qPCR, to interpret results following the time progress of cycle quantification values is the primary action to be done to enhance the overall control strategy.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0405.v1

Quantitative Determination and Fingerprint of Phenolic Compounds with Anti-inflammatory Activities for the Quality Control of Mangosteen Extract

Doudou Xu, Zhu Li, Mudan Guo, Bo Jiang, En Zhang, Xinchuan Zheng

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Food Chemistry Keywords: mangosteen; phenolic components; HPLC; quantification; fingerprint

Online: 26 January 2022 (18:46:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1037.v1

Evaluation of Standard M10 Assay for Rapid Molecular Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B virus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Azwani Abdullah, I-Ching Sam, Yin Jie Ong, Chun Hao Theo, Muhammad Harith Pukhari, Yoke Fun Chan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: respiratory syncytial virus; influenza A virus; influenza B virus; SARS-CoV-2; rapid RT-PCR; diagnostic accuracy; point-of-care testing

Online: 15 September 2023 (05:38:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0096.v1

Resource evaluation and novel germplasm excavation of wild Chinese prickly ash in Qinling mountains

Tao Zheng, Ke-xing Su, Xi-yan Chen, Ding-ling Zhang, Shu-ming Liu

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Food Chemistry Keywords: Qinling mountains; Wild Chinese prickly ashes; HPLC fingerprint; Resource evaluation.

Online: 3 August 2021 (15:55:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0330.v1

Vector Competence of Aedes albopictus for Yellow Fever Virus: Risk of Reemergence of Urban Yellow Fever in Brazil

Rossela Damasceno Caldeira, Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto, Carine Fortes Aragão, Maria Nazaré Oliveira Freitas, Milene Silveira Ferreira, Paulo Henrique Gomes de Castro, Daniel Damous Dias, Pedro Arthur da Silva Araújo, Roberto Carlos Feitosa Brandão, Bruno Tardelli Diniz Nunes, Eliana Vieira Pinto da Silva, Lívia Caricio Martins, Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos, Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Film, Radio And Television Keywords: infecção experimental; Aedes albopictus; febre amarela; reemergência; RT‒qPCR; isolamento viral

Online: 20 March 2023 (02:01:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0392.v1

Comparison of Four Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 on respiratory samples from Tunja, Boyacá - Colombia

Lorenzo Hernando Salamanca Neita, Óscar Leonardo Carvajal Rojas, Juan Pablo Carvajal Rojas, Ruth Maribel Forero, Niya Alexandra Segura

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV2), COVID-19, molecular diagnostics, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)

Online: 23 August 2022 (03:55:44 CEST)

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Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2. In Colombia, many commercial methods are now available to perform the RT-qPCR assays, and the laboratories must evaluate its diagnostic accuracy to ensure reliable results to suspected COVID-19 patients. The purpose of the study was to compare four commercial RT-qPCR assays for detection of SARS-CoV2 virus, from nasopharyngeal swab samples referred to Laboratorio Carvajal IPS, SAS of Tunja, Boyacá - Colombia. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 152 samples of respiratory tract samples (Nasopharyngeal Swab) from patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. Diagnostic accuracy of GeneFinderTM COVID-19 Plus RealAmp (In Vitro diagnostic), One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR (Vitro Master diagnostica), Berlin modified protocol and gold standard Berlin protocol (Berlin Charite Probe One-Step RT-qPCR Kit, New England Biolabs) as reference was assessed. Operational characteristics were estimated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, agreement, and predictive values. Results: Using Berlin Charite Probe One-Step RT-qPCR Kit as reference, the sensitivity/specificity for the diagnostic tests were found to be GeneFinderTM COVID-19 Plus RealAmp Kit 100%/92.7%, One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR, One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR 92.75%/67.47%, and Berlin modified protocol 100%/96.39%. The results of four commercially available methods were found to be consistent with those obtained from Berlin Modified protocol analysis for % of the samples and showed good agreement (κ= 0.96). Concordant SARS-CoV2 negative and positive RT-qPCR results were reported for xxx and xxx samples, respectively. Summarize something about the Ct. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that all commercially available methods are rapid and reliable for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 virus associated with COVID-19. One-Step RT-qPCR Kit and GeneFinderTM COVID-19 Plus RealAmp assay show optimal sensitivity compared with Belin modified protocol. In addition, there is no significant correlation between xxxxx

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0475.v1

Antioxidant Properties of Lyophilized Rosemary and Sage Extract and its Effect to Prevent Lipid Oxidation In Poultry Pátê

Mirelli Bianchin, Daiane Pereira, Jacqueline Florio Almeida, Cristiane Moura, Rafaelly Simionatto Pinheiro, Leila Fernanda Serafini Heldt, Charles Windson Isidoro Haminiuk, Solange Teresinha Carpes

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Rosmarinus officinalis; Salvia officinalis; natural antioxidant; antibacterial activity; total phenolic compounds; HPLC; TBARS.

Online: 23 October 2020 (09:48:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0449.v1

Dysregulated Expression of Ion Channels in Sensory Neurons Enhances Action Potential Afterhyperpolarization in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease–Associated Pruritus

Akishi Momose, Michihiro Yabe, Shigetoshi Chiba, Kenjirou Kumakawa, Yasuo Shiraiwa, Hiroki Mizukami

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dermatology Keywords: CKD-aP; ion channels; action potential; hyperpolarization; RT-PCR

Online: 29 July 2022 (04:50:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0026.v1

Characterization of Polyphenolic Compounds from Bacopa Procumbens and Their Effects on Wound Healing Process

Adriana Martinez-Cuazitl, María del Consuelo Gómez-García, Oriana Hidalgo-Alegria, Olivia Medel-Flores, José Alberto Núñez-Gastélum, Eduardo San Martín Martínez, Ada María Ríos-Cortés, Mario Garcia-Solis, David Guillermo Pérez-Ishiwara

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: Bacopa procumbens HPLC characterization; effect of polyphenolic compounds; in vitro and in vivo skin wound; collagen organization

Online: 1 September 2022 (15:44:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0512.v1

Comparison of Identification and Quantification of Polyphe-Nolic Compounds in Skins and Seeds of Four Grape Varieties

Zlatina Chengolova, Yavor Ivanov, Tzonka Godjevargova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: grape skins; seeds; polyphenolic composition; antioxidant potential; RT-HPLC

Online: 18 April 2023 (10:22:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0559.v1

Optimization of RT-QuIC Assay Duration for Screening Chronic Wasting Disease in White-Tailed Deer

Gokhan Yilmaz, Tamara Morrill, Cian Ward, Gordon Mitchell, Andrei Soutyrine, Hanhong Dan, Min Lin, Jiewen Guan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: RT-QuIC; Chronic Wasting Disease; Diagnostics; Optimization

Online: 7 September 2023 (15:45:02 CEST)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0367.v1

An HPLC Method for Separation of Delta 9 THC from Delta 8 THC

Giovanni A Ramirez, Monica Pittiglio, Tesfay T Tesfatsion, Kyle P Ray, Westley Cruces

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: tetrahydrocannabinol; HPLC; separations; compliance

Online: 6 March 2024 (13:19:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1532.v1

Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Individuals in a Large Healthcare Organization from New Jersey

José R. Mediavilla, Tara Lozy, Annie Lee, Justine Kim, Veronica W. Kan, Elizabeth Titova, Ashish Amin, Michael Zody, André Corvelo, Dayna M. Oschwald, Amy Baldwin, Samantha Fennessey, Jerry M. Zuckerman, Thomas Kirn, Liang Chen, Yanan Zhao, Kar Fai Chow, Tom Maniatis, David S. Perlin, Barry N. Kreiswirth

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; pandemic; variants; RT-PCR; sequencing; surveillance; vaccination; vaccine breakthrough; comorbidity.

Online: 21 July 2023 (13:55:29 CEST)

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New Jersey was among the first states impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with one of the highest overall death rates in the nation. Nevertheless, relatively few reports have been published focusing specifically on New Jersey. Here we report on molecular, clinical, and epidemiologic observations from the largest healthcare network in the state, in a cohort of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We conducted molecular surveillance of SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swabs collected in nine hospitals from December 2020 through June 2022, using both whole genome sequencing (WGS) and a real-time RT-PCR screening assay targeting spike protein mutations found in variants of concern (VOC) within our region. De-identified clinical data were obtained retrospectively, including demographics, COVID-19 vaccination status, ICU admission, ventilator support, mortality, and medical history. Statistical analyses were performed to identify associations between SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccination status, clinical outcomes, and medical risk factors. A total of 5,007 SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swabs were successfully screened and/or sequenced. Variant screening identified three predominant VOC, including Alpha (n =714), Delta (n =1,877), and Omicron (n =1,802). Omicron isolates were further sub-typed as BA.1 (n =899), BA.2 (n =853), and BA.4/BA.5 (n =50); the remaining 614 isolates were classified as “Other”. Approximately 31.5% (1,577/5,007) of the samples were associated with vaccine breakthrough infections, which increased in frequency following the emergence of Delta and Omicron. Severe clinical outcomes included ICU admission (336/5007 = 6.7%), ventilator support (236/5007 = 4.7%), and mortality (430/5007 = 8.6%), with increasing age being the most significant contributor to each (p <0.001). Unvaccinated individuals accounted for 79.7% (268/336) of ICU admissions, 78.3% (185/236) of ventilator cases, and 74.4% (320/430) of deaths. Highly significant (p <0.001) increases in mortality were observed in individuals with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, but not with obesity, thyroid disease, or respiratory disease. Significant differences (p <0.001) in clinical outcomes were also noted between SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Delta, Omicron BA.1, and Omicron BA.2. Vaccination was associated with significantly improved clinical outcomes in our study, despite an increase in breakthrough infections associated with waning immunity, greater antigenic variability, or both. Underlying comorbidities contributed significantly to mortality in both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, with increasing risk based on the total number of comorbidities. Real-time RT-PCR-based screening facilitated timely identification of predominant variants using a minimal number of spike protein mutations, with faster turnaround time and reduced cost compared to WGS. Continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants will likely require ongoing surveillance for new VOCs, with real-time assessment of clinical impact.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0001.v1

Seroepidemiological and Molecular Survey for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children in Iran, September 2020 to June 2021: One-Year Cross-sectional Study

Roxana Mansour Ghanaie, Idesbald Boone, Ahmadreza Shamshiri, Abdollah Karimi, Arezu Amirali, Noushin Marhamati, Mohammad Hossein Rostami, Niloofar Pashaei, Shahriar Janbazi, Leila Azimi, Hannan Khodaei, Fatemeh Fallah, Tim Eckmanns, Andreas Jansen, Hamid Reza Baradaran, Maryam Momeny Ourimi, Saeed Maham, Ameneh Elikaei, Masoud Alebouyeh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Children; Seroprevalence; RT-qPCR; Iran

Online: 1 May 2023 (00:16:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1465.v1

Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA Vaccine Protection among Children and Adolescents Aged 12–17 Years against COVID-19 Infection in Qatar

Khadieja Osman Hassan Elhag, Jesha Mohammedali Mundodan, Juel Bikhash Chowdhry, Rejoice Puthuchira Ravi, Rekaya houda Baaboura, Jeevan Albuquerque, Bilal Riaz, Reem Yusuf Emran, Khatija Batoul, Abdul Mahmood Esameldin, Zinah Al Tabatabaee, Hayat Salaheldin Khogali, Soha Shawqi Albayat

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Adolescent; children; 12-17 years COVID-19 vaccine; fully vaccinated; partially vaccinated; vaccination status; RT-PCR-positive; Pfizer; BNT162b2; vaccine effectiveness

Online: 22 August 2023 (03:02:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0680.v1

Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Potential of Prunus dulcis Shell Extracts

Talel Ben khadher, Sameh Sassi-Aydi, Samir Aydi, MOHAMED MARS, Jalloul Bouajila

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: Prunus dulcis shell extracts; chemical composition; biological activities; GC-MS; HPLC-DAD

Online: 9 June 2023 (07:53:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0255.v1

Implementation of a Modular Distributed Fault-tolerant Controller for MMC Applications

Semih Isik, Vasishta Burugula, Mohammed Alharbi, Ali Azidehak, Subhashish Bhattacharya

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: controller; centralized; distributed; CHIL; fault-tolerant; MMC; prototype; Opal-RT

Online: 18 October 2022 (07:30:28 CEST)

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