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Development of an Improved Carotenoid Extraction Method and Characterisation of the Carotenoid Composition under Oxidative and Cold Stress in the Rock Inhabiting Fungus Knufia Petricola A95
Flieger, K.; Knabe, N.; Toepel, J. Development of an Improved Carotenoid Extraction Method and to Characterize the Carotenoid Composition under Oxidative Stress and Cold Temperature in the Rock Inhabiting Fungus Knufia petricola A95. J. Fungi2018, 4, 124.
Flieger, K.; Knabe, N.; Toepel, J. Development of an Improved Carotenoid Extraction Method and to Characterize the Carotenoid Composition under Oxidative Stress and Cold Temperature in the Rock Inhabiting Fungus Knufia petricola A95. J. Fungi 2018, 4, 124.
Flieger, K.; Knabe, N.; Toepel, J. Development of an Improved Carotenoid Extraction Method and to Characterize the Carotenoid Composition under Oxidative Stress and Cold Temperature in the Rock Inhabiting Fungus Knufia petricola A95. J. Fungi2018, 4, 124.
Flieger, K.; Knabe, N.; Toepel, J. Development of an Improved Carotenoid Extraction Method and to Characterize the Carotenoid Composition under Oxidative Stress and Cold Temperature in the Rock Inhabiting Fungus Knufia petricola A95. J. Fungi 2018, 4, 124.
Abstract
Black yeasts are a highly specified group of fungi, which are characterized by a high resistance against stress factors. There are several factors enabling the cells to survive harsh environmental conditions. One aspect is the pigmentation, besides the melanin black yeasts often display a highly diverse carotenoid spectrum. Determination and characterization of carotenoids depend on an efficient extraction and separation, therefore especially for black yeast, characterized by thick cell walls specific protocols are needed to ensure analyses regarding stress responses in these fungi. Here we present both, a method to extract and analyze carotenoids and the unusual carotenoid composition of the black yeast Knufia petriola A95. Mechanical treatment combined with an acetonitrile extraction gave us very good extraction rates with a high reproducibility. The presented extraction and elution protocol allows the separation of the main carotenoids (7) in K. petricola A95 and should be suitable for the detection of additional carotenoids in other species. K. petricola A95 displays an unusual carotenoid composition, with mainly didehydrolycopene, torulene and lycopene. The pigment composition varied in dependency to oxidative stress but remained relatively constant if the cells were cultivated under low temperature. Black yeasts are a promising source for carotenoid production and other substances. To unravel the potential of these fungi new methods and studies are needed. The established protocol allows the determination carotenoid composition in black yeasts. Oxidative stress results in an adaptation in pigment composition in K. petricola A95. Future experiments have to be carried out to determine if didehydrolycopene functions as a protective agent itself or if it serves as a precursor for antioxidative pigments like torulene and torularhodin, which could be produced after induction under stress conditions.
Keywords
Knufia petricola A95, HPLC analysis, carotenoids, black yeasts, didehydrolycopene
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
