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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1109.v2

Estimating Wastewater Dilution Using Chemical Markers and Incomplete Flow Measurements: Application to Normalisation of SARS-CoV-2 Measurements

Owen D. Jones, Amy J. Baldwin, William B. Perry, Henry Wilde, Isabelle Durance, Davey L. Jones, Andrew Weightman

Subject: Water Science And Technology, Environmental And Earth Sciences Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; wastewater-based epidemiology; wastewater; dilution; flow normalisation; Bayesian

Online: 24 April 2024 (11:44:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0850.v1

Green Synthesis of Cobalt-Doped CeFe2O5 Nanocomposites Using Waste Gossypium arboreum L. Stalk and Its Application in the Removal of Toxic Water Pollutants

Saloni Koul, Mamata Singhvi, Beom Soo Kim

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: green synthesis; co-precipitation; adsorption; dye removal; pollutant removal; cotton stalk; wastewater treatment; adsorption capacity

Online: 12 April 2024 (12:22:49 CEST)

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Currently, there is a tenacious need to find new ways to purify water by eliminating bacterial biofilms, textile dyes, and toxic water pollutants. These contaminants pose significant risks to both human health and the environment. To address this issue, in this study, we have developed an eco-friendly approach that involves synthesizing Cobalt-doped Cerium Iron Oxide (CCIO) nanocomposite (NC) using an aqueous extract of Gossypium arboreum L. stalks. The resulting nanoparticles can be used to effectively purify water and tackle the challenges associated with these harmful pollutants. Nanoparticles excel in water pollutant removal by providing high surface area for efficient adsorption, versatile design for simultaneous removal of multiple contaminants, catalytic properties for organic pollutant degradation, and magnetic features for easy separation, offering cost-effective and sustainable water treatment solutions. CCIO nanocomposite has been synthesized by green co-precipitation method due to biomolecules and co-enzymes present in the aqueous extract of Gossypium arboreum L. stalk; a single-step procedure completed in 5 h reaction time. Further, the synthesis of nanocomposites was confirmed by various characterization techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). CCIO NCs were discovered to have a spherical shape and an average size of 40 nm. Based on DLS zeta potential analysis, CCIO NCs were found to be anionic. Also, CCIO NCs showed significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Overall, considering the physical and chemical properties, the application of CCIO NCs in the adsorption of various dyes (~91 %) and water pollutants (chromium = ~ 60 %) has been considered since they exhibit great adsorption capacity owing to their microporous structure which can be a step forward in water purification.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0553.v1

Surface-Coated PVDF@TAPEG Selective Ultrafiltration Membranes: An Investigation on Membranes’ Hydrophilicity and Antifouling Characteristics for Effective Humic Acid Removal from Wastewater

Leila Emadinezhad, Bita Ayati

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: wastewater treatment; tannic acid coating; polyvinylidene fluoride membrane; hydrophilicity; Humic acid separation.

Online: 8 April 2024 (16:04:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0538.v1

Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for SARS-CoV-2 in Northern Italy: A Spatiotemporal Model

Matilde Fondriest, Lorenzo Vaccari, Federico Aldrovandi, Laura De Lellis, Filippo Ferretti, Carmine Fiorentino, Erica Mari, Maria Grazia Mascolo, Laura Minelli, Vincenza Perlangeli, Giuseppe Bortone, Paolo Pandolfi, Annamaria Colacci, Andrea Ranzi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Wastewater-based epidemiology; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; wastewater; biodegradation; sewer network; spatiotemporal model; public health; early-warning system

Online: 8 April 2024 (14:48:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0399.v1

Selective Isolation and Identification of Microorganisms with Dual Capabilities: Leather Biodegradation and Heavy Metal Resistance for Industrial Applications

Manuela Bonilla-Espadas, Basilio Zafrilla, Irene Lifante-Martínez, Mónica Camacho, Elena Orgilés-Calpena, Francisca Arán-Aís, Marcelo Bertazzo, María-José Bonete

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: heavy metal reduction; leather biodegradation; microbial strain characterization; tannery wastewater

Online: 5 April 2024 (11:01:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0326.v1

Cellulose-based waste in a close loop: adsorbent for dyes removal from textile industry wastewater

Marija Vukčević, Marina Maletić, Biljana Pejić, Ana Kalijadis, Mirjana Kostić, Katarina Trivunac, Aleksandra Perić Grujić

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: cotton yarn; cotton/polyester yarn; textile waste; adsorption; organic dyes; wastewater

Online: 4 April 2024 (17:47:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0330.v1

SBA-15 Loaded with Methylene Blue Dye for Efficient and Low-Cost Decontamination of Water under Visible Led Light

Khaled Chawraba, Hussein Medlej, Malak Hamieh, Jacques Lalevée, Tayssir Hamieh, Joumana Toufaily

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Chemical Engineering Keywords: SBA-15; Methylene blue; sensitization; wastewater treatment; photocatalysis; visible light

Online: 4 April 2024 (06:08:40 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0170.v1

Selected Micropollutants Removal from Municipal Wastewater

Ján Derco, Andreja Žgajnar Gotvajn, Patrícia Guľašová, Nikola Šoltýsová, Angelika Kassai

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: micropollutants; municipal wastewater; pharmaceuticals; quaternary treatment; removal of pol-lutants

Online: 2 April 2024 (10:50:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0613.v2

COVID-19 Pandemic Modulates the Environmental Contamination Level with Enteric Bacteria from WWTPs

Alina Roxana Banciu, Luoana Florentina Pascu, Catalina Stoica, Stefania Gheorghe, Irina Lucaciu, Laura Feodorov, Mihai Nita-Lazar

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Pollution Keywords: pathogen; wastewater; pharmaceutical compounds, Covid-19

Online: 27 March 2024 (13:02:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1668.v1

Utilization of Flotation Wastewater for Separation of Chalcopyrite and Molybdenite by Selective Surface Passivation

Guohua Gu, Yuwu Guo, Yisheng Zhang, Qingke Li, Su Liao, Yanhong Wang

Subject: Engineering, Mining And Mineral Processing Keywords: Chalcopyrite; Molybdenite; Flotation wastewater; Surface passivation; Flotation separation

Online: 27 March 2024 (10:33:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1061.v1

Biodiesel Production and Evaluation Using Chlorella vulgaris That Has Been Grown in Industrial Dairy Wastewater

Ilham Putra Adiyaksa, Kadir Ozaltin, Antonio di martino

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Other Keywords: biodiesel; C. Vulgaris microalgae; transesterification; dairy wastewater

Online: 19 March 2024 (06:56:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1093.v1

Detection of Human Adenovirus and Rotavirus in Untreated Wastewater in Lusaka, Zambia: Opportunity for Establishment of Wastewater Surveillance System for the Community

Ngonda Saasa, Ethel M’kandawire, Joseph Ndebe, Mulenga Mwenda, Fred Chimpukutu, Andrew Nalishuwa Mukubesa, Fred Njobvu, Doreen Mainza Shempela, Jay Sikalima, Carol Chiyesu, Bruce Muvwanga, Sarah M. Nampokolwe, Clement Sulwe, Thokozile Khondiwa, Todd Jennings, Ameck Kamanga, Edgar Simulundu, Conceptor Mulube, Wizaso Mwasinga, Jelaimo Mumeka, John Simwanza, Patrick Sakubita, Otridah Kapona, Chilufya Susan Aneta Mulenga, Musole Chipoya, Kunda Musonda, Nathan Kapata, Nyambe Sinyange, Muzala Kapina, Joyce Siwila, Misheck Shawa, Masahiro Kajihara, Ayato Takada, Hirofumi Sawa, Simulyamana A. Choonga, Roma Chilengi, Earnest Muyunda, King S. Nalubamba, Bernard M. Hang’ombe

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Wastewater; Adenovirus; Rotavirus; Enteric virus; concentration methods

Online: 19 March 2024 (05:18:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0751.v1

Effective Removal of Microplastics Particles from Wastewater using Bio-Substrates

Laura Beatriz Romero-Zeron, Kalyani Prasad Bhagwat, Denis Rodrigue

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: microplastic particles; bio-adsorbents; natural fibers; bio-substrates; wastewater; plastic pollution; marine pollution; removal; wastewater treatment plants

Online: 13 March 2024 (10:09:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0368.v1

Simultaneous Synthesis of Single and Multiple Contaminants Water Networks Using LINGO and Excel Software

Abeer M. Shoaib, Amr A. Atawia, Mohamed H. Hassanean, Abdelrahman G. Gadallah, Ahmed A. Bhran

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Wastewater networks; Multiple contaminants; Mathematical model; Optimization

Online: 7 March 2024 (08:17:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0248.v1

Improved Production of Marandu Palisade Grass (Brachiaria brizantha) with Mixed Gelatin Sludge Fertilization

Eduardo André Ferreira, Joadil Gonçalves De Abreu, Wininton Mendes Da Silva, Danielle Helena Müller, Dalilhia Nazaré Dos Santos, Cassiano Cremon, Oscarlina Lúcia Dos Santos Weber, Aaron Kinyu Hoshide, Daniel Carneiro De Abreu, Maybe Lopes Gonçalves, José Advan Pereira Pedrosa Júnior

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Brachiaria brizantha; pasture management; nitrogen; residue management; sustainability; wastewater

Online: 5 March 2024 (10:55:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0192.v1

Correlating Quantitative and Genomic SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater Data with Clinical Metrics in Metropolitan Perth, Western Australia

Jake Gazeley, Terence Lee, Daniel R Knight, Alexander Shivarev, Cameron Gordon, David Speers, Dylan D Barth, Jelena Maticevic, Meredith Hodge, Paul Armstrong, Paul Knight, Sandra Sjollema, Avram Levy

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Wastewater-based epidemiology; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; surveillance system; correlation analysis; genomics

Online: 5 March 2024 (09:07:35 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1302.v1

Nutrient Removal and Recovery from Municipal Wastewater

Jan Derco, Andreja Žgajnar Gotvajn, Patrícia Guľašová, Angelika Kassai, Nikola Šoltýsová

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: municipal wastewater; nutrients; removal; secondary; tertiary; treatment

Online: 23 February 2024 (08:33:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0608.v1

Performance of a Solar Driven Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor for Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Mirela Alina Constantin, Lucian Alexandru Constantin, Ioana Alexandra Ionescu, Cristina Mihaela Nicolescu, Marius Bumbac, Olga Tiron

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: PMR; solar light; wastewater; advanced treatment; photo catalysis; membrane processes

Online: 12 February 2024 (09:45:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0463.v1

Wastewater Based Epidemiology for Viral Surveillance in an Endemic Perspective: Evidence and Challenges

Marco Verani, Alessandra Pagani, Ileana Federigi, Giulia Lauretani, Nebiyu Tariku Atomsa, Virginia Rossi, Luca Viviani, Annalaura Carducci

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Wastewater-Based Epidemiology; wastewater surveillance; Human Adenovirus; Enterovirus; Norovirus; SARS-CoV-2; endemic environmental monitoring

Online: 8 February 2024 (09:16:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1928.v3

Strengthening Pathogen and Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance by Environmental Monitoring in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Stakeholder Survey

Ananda Tiwari, Taru Miller, Vito Baraka, Marc Tahita, Vivi Maketa, Berenger Kabore, Paul Kingpriest, Patrick Mitashi, Eric Lyimo, Hillary Sebukoto, Tarja Pitkänen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Wastewater; Waterborne pathogen; sub-Saharan African countries; environmental surveillance; prioritization

Online: 5 February 2024 (12:25:29 CET)

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Background: Waterborne diseases pose a significant global public health threat, compelling enhanced comprehensive surveillance. This study investigates the current infectious disease and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance systems, including wastewater and environmental surveillance (WES), in three sub-Saharan African countries: Tanzania, Burkina Faso, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The three countries have their specificities regarding wastewater networks and logistic systems. So, emphasizing the need to strengthen existing disease surveillance, the paper advocates for incorporating WES systems specifically designed for countries' context to monitor waterborne and re-emerging pathogens, as well as AMR.Methods: National workshops were conducted to assess the current clinical and environmental surveillance systems and identify priority pathogens for new environmental monitoring. Data were collected through surveys from experts in academia, research, policy, and healthcare. Results: Prioritized pathogens for WES include waterborne (poliovirus, Salmonella Typhi, Vibrio cholerae), respiratory (influenza A&B, SARS-CoV-2), other (Measles and Rubella, Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Recommended AMR pathogens include drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing E. coli. Tanzania, Burkina Faso, and the DRC employ DHSI2-based centralized electronic systems for clinical data collection, complemented by Excel and paper-based registries. The WES approach is commonly employed for monitoring poliovirus and rarely for AMR and other pathogens. Discussion and conclusions: WES is a valuable tool for early detection of locally circulating human-derived pathogens, aiding in outbreak detection, data-driven epidemic response, and prevention. The availability of WES results underscores the importance of effective sanitation for safeguarding human, animal, and environmental health. WES is a pivotal tool for integrated risk management, preventing waterborne outbreaks, protecting drinking water sources, and ultimately gaining various UN Sustainable Development Goals. The study highlights the importance of customized WES systems in line with each country's context, emphasizing localized approaches for effective monitoring of waterborne pathogens and AMR.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0240.v1

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater Associated with Scientific Stations in Antarctica and Possible Risk for Wildlife

Marcelo González-Aravena, Cristobal Galban-Malagon, Eduardo Castro-Nallar, Gonzalo P. Barriga, Victor Neira, Lucas Krüger, Aiko D. Adell, Jorge Olivares-Pacheco

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Antarctica; wastewater-based epidemiology; COVID-19; Antarctic wildlife; environmental surveillance

Online: 5 February 2024 (07:58:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1999.v1

Formulation Optimization and Performance Prediction of Red Mud Particle Adsorbents Based on Neural Networks

Longjiang Li, Zhi Wen Yang, Yalan Wang, WenYuan Wang

Subject: Engineering, Mining And Mineral Processing Keywords: Back-propagation neural networks; hazardous bauxite waste; orthogonal test; wastewater treatment

Online: 29 January 2024 (08:49:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1319.v1

Coupling a Simple and Generic Membrane Fouling Model with Biological Dynamics: Application to the Modeling of an Anaerobic Membrane BioReactor (AnMBR)

Boumediene BENYAHIA, Amine CHARFI, Geoffroy LESAGE, Marc HERAN, Brahim CHERKI, Jérôme HARMAND

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Anaerobic Membrane BioReactor; Identification; MBR modeling; Membrane Fouling; SMP; Wastewater treatment

Online: 18 January 2024 (03:28:57 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2214.v1

The Application of Textile Materials in the Interfacial Solar Steam Generation for Water Purification and Desalination: A Review

HAROON ABDELRAHMAN MOHAMED SAEED, Veronica Valerian Kazimoto, Weilin Xu, Hongjun Yang

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: interfacial solar steam generation; textile materials; wastewater purification; desalination; woven fabric; electro-spun membranes

Online: 28 December 2023 (15:59:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0264.v1

NH2-MIL-125-Derived TiO2@N-Doped C Visible Light Catalyst for Wastewater Treatment

Wenbing Wang, Wei Qiang, Chuntao Chen, Dongping Sun

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: Titanium dioxide; NH2-MIL-125; N/TiO2@C; Visible light photocatalysis; Wastewater Pollutants

Online: 5 December 2023 (14:30:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1818.v1

Biosorption of Technologically Valuable Metal Ions on Algae Wastes: Laboratory Studies and Applicability

Alina-Roxana Lucaci, Laura Bulgariu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Pollution Keywords: algae wastes; biosorption; technologically valuable metal ions; wastewater; decontamination processes

Online: 28 November 2023 (13:38:12 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1629.v1

A Synthesis of Biogenic Nanoparticles (NPs) for the Treatment of Wastewater and Its Application: A Review

Prangya Rath, Laxmi Kant Bhardwaj, Poornima Yadav, Abhishek Bhardwaj

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Nanoparticles (NPs); Biogenic/Green synthesis; Wastewater treatment; Water pollutants

Online: 28 November 2023 (01:25:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1266.v1

Valorization of Acid Leaching Post-Consumer Gypsum Purification Wastewater

Miguel Castro-Díaz, Sergio Cavalaro, Mohamed Osmani, Saeed Morsali, Matyas Gutai, Paul Needham, Bill Parker, Tatiana Lovato

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: refurbishment plasterboard waste; demolition plasterboard waste; gypsum waste recycling; acid leaching purification; wastewater treatment and valorization

Online: 21 November 2023 (09:35:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1281.v1

Development of a Porous Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer for Ammonium Removal in Wastewater Treatments

Miguel Otero, Lorena Freire, Santiago Gómez-Cuervo, Cristina Ávila

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Chemical Engineering Keywords: geopolymer; metakaolin; adsorption; wastewater treatments; NH4+ removal

Online: 21 November 2023 (07:34:27 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0326.v1

Advances in Pretreatment Methods for Free Nucleic Acid Removal in Wastewater Samples: Enhancing Accuracy in Pathogenic Detection and Future Directions

Kien A. Vu, Thu A. Nguyen, Thao P. Nguyen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: pathogenic detection, wastewater, free nucleic acids, pretreatment methods, environmental analysis, nucleic acid removal.

Online: 6 November 2023 (08:17:00 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1616.v1

Harnessing Wastewater Surveillance to Detect Livestock-Linked Viruses

Warish Ahmed, Yawen Liu, Wendy Smith, Wayne Ingall, Michael Belby, Aaron Bivins, Paul Bertsch, David Williams, Kirsty Richards, Stuart Simpson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: wastewater surveillance; livestock; zoonotic pathogens; one health; animal epidemiology

Online: 25 September 2023 (04:58:41 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1329.v1

A Short Review on Dye Wastewater Valorization Using Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactors

Ronei de Almeida, Claudinei de Souza Guimarães

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Biogas; Dye-containing wastewater; Resource recovery; Sludge; UASB reactors; Water reuse

Online: 20 September 2023 (03:27:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1170.v1

The Biofactory: Quantifying Life Cycle Sustainability Impacts of the Wastewater Circular Economy in Chile

Madeline Frances Furness, Ricardo Bello Mendoza, Rolando Chamy

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Wastewater; Circular Economy; Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment; Decision Making

Online: 18 September 2023 (10:25:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0709.v1

Polycaprolactone Composites/Blends and Their Applications Especially in Water Treatment

Gizem Özge Kayan, Asgar Kayan

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: polycaprolactone; blend; composite; adsorbent; degradation; wastewater

Online: 12 September 2023 (11:30:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0641.v1

Application Potential of Wastewater Fertigated Short Rotation Coppice Systems in a Selected Region (Aligarh, UP, India)

Mirko Hänel, Ganbaatar Khurelbaatar, Emil Jespersen, Aryan Upadhyay, Andres Camilo Acosta, Nadeem Khalil, Hans Brix, Carlos Alberto Arias

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: potential of wastewater fertigated/irrigated Short Rotation Coppice/Plantation (SRC; SRP) in India; nature-based wastewater treatment & reuse systems; phytofiltration; sustainable biomass (willow; poplar; bamboo) production systems

Online: 11 September 2023 (10:09:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0019.v1

Advancing Urban Wastewater Management: Optimizing Sewer System Performance Through Innovative Material Selection for the Armlet with Wet Circuit Measurement System

Tomasz Sionkowski, Wiktor Halecki, Krzysztof Chmielowski

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: rainwater ingress; sewer channels; wastewater management; sensor technology

Online: 1 September 2023 (13:40:14 CEST)

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Rainwater infiltration presents substantial challenges for urban wastewater management systems. This article delves into enhancing the quality of wastewater systems by proposing a novel device designed to tackle this issue comprehensively. The focal point of our research revolves around the conceptualization, construction, rigorous testing, and the potential multifaceted applications of this innovative wastewater device. Our study is dedicated to assessing the viability of a cutting-edge apparatus that empowers municipal entities in swiftly identifying rainwater ingress points within channels during precipitation events. Our findings vividly showcase the device's remarkable capability to directly measure moisture levels along the channel's path, eliminating the arduous need for manual data input, extensive data collection, and intricate water analysis procedures. To ensure the seamless flow of both sewage and water within the sewer channel, the use of a relatively slender strap is conventionally favored. However, factoring in the requisite structural robustness, we recommend a minimum thickness of 4 mm for 3D printing applications. For instances where maintaining the channel's cross-sectional area integrity is paramount, opting for a armlet with wet circuit measurement thickness of up to 7 mm is prudent. In the realm of material selection, our investigation advocates for the utilization of PC/ABS (polycarbonate/ Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), ABS, ASA (Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate), or HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene) for the strap housing. For sewer diameters surpassing 315 mm, the application of thin-walled PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride) emerges as a practical recommendation. Notably, the incorporation of PVC flat bars is discouraged, as their presence might potentially hinder the fluidity of sewage flow, thereby compromising the precision of wet circuit measurements. The pivotal innovation lies in the armlet with wet circuit measurement system, harboring immense potential for broad-scale integration across municipal facilities. This solution emerges as a streamlined and efficient strategy, offering a comprehensive avenue for continuously monitoring, fine-tuning, and optimizing the structural soundness and operational efficacy of sewer systems.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1864.v1

Recent Advancement in the Treatment of Petroleum Refinery Wastewater

M. S. Lawan, Rajeev Kumar, Jamshaid Rashid, Mohamed A. Barakat

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: wastewater; petroleum refinery; treatment process; physiochemical; advanced; photocatalys

Online: 29 August 2023 (04:12:19 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1920.v1

Integrated Management of Industrial Wastewater in Food Sector

Mona A. Abdel-Fatah

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Integrated Management; Industrial Wastewater; Food Sector; sustainable; circular economy

Online: 29 August 2023 (03:55:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1304.v1

Preparation of Cationic Polyacrylamide Suspension and Its Application in Oilfield Wastewater Treatment

Zhongjin Wei, Wenjun Long, Shaohua Li, Yu Zhao, Siting Yu, Fengshan Zhou

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Cationic polyacrylamide; flocculant; suspension; oilfield wastewater

Online: 18 August 2023 (08:32:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1175.v1

Preparation of Biochar Composite Microspheres and Their Removal Ability for Oil Agents in Dyeing Wastewater

Lu Shen, Rushi Jin, Wanming Chen, Dongmin QI, Shimin Zhai

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Organic Chemistry Keywords: Biomass resource utilization; Biochar microspheres; Structural modification; Oily dye wastewater treatment

Online: 16 August 2023 (09:48:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1111.v1

Spin Label Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Reveals Effects of Wastewater Filter Membrane Coated with Titanium-Dioxide Nanoparticles on Bovine Serum Albumin

Krisztina Sebők-Nagy, Zoltán Kóta, András Kincses, Ákos Ferenc Fazekas, András Dér, Zsuzsanna László, Tibor Páli

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: wastewater cleaning; polyvinylidene fluoride filter membrane; titanium-dioxide nano-particles; P25; serum albumin; spin label EPR; fluorescence; dynamic light scattering

Online: 15 August 2023 (08:45:24 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0838.v1

Key principles about advanced oxidation processes: A systematic analysis on current and future perspectives of the antibiotics removal from wastewater

Giovanina-Iuliana LUPU, Cristina ORBECI, Liliana BOBIRICĂ, Constantin BOBIRICĂ, Luoana Florentina PASCU

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Chemical Engineering Keywords: advanced oxidation processes; organic pollutants; wastewater pollution; antibiotics removal; photocatalysis

Online: 10 August 2023 (09:08:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0614.v1

Actinide ion (Americium-241 and Uranium-232) Interaction with Hybrid Silica-Hyperbranched Poly(ethylene imine) Nanoparticles and Xerogels

Ioannis Ioannidis, Ioannis Pashalidis, Michael Arkas

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: Am-241 and U-232; dendritic polymers; silica xerogels; composites; dendrimers; water purification; radioactive wastewater; radionuclide removal; thermodynamic; environmental remediation; water decontamination

Online: 9 August 2023 (07:25:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0345.v1

Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ag/Fe₃O₄/Cellulose Nanocrystals Nanocomposite as Highly Active Catalyst for 4-Nitrophenol and Toxic Organic Dyes

Vu Nang An, Le Thi Ngoc Hoa, Phan Bach Thang, Le Van Hieu

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Ceramics And Composites Keywords: catalytic dye reduction; cellulose nanocrystals; magnetic nanocomposite; 4-nitrophenol; wastewater treatment

Online: 4 August 2023 (08:00:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2099.v1

Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Characterisation of Domestic Wastewater from Adétikopé in Togo

Efui Holaly GBEKLEY, Kossi KOMI, Koko Zébéto HOUEDAKOR, Sossawè POLI, Kossi KPOEZOUM, Djiwonou Koffi ADJALO, Kossiwa ZINSOU-KLASSOU, Tchadjobo TCHACONDO, Yaovi AMEYAPOH, Pèssiezoum ADJOUSSI

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: wastewater; physico-chemistry; bacteriology; sanitary safety; adétikopé

Online: 31 July 2023 (11:48:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2080.v1

Achieving Discharge Limits in Single-Stage Domestic Wastewater Treatment by Combining Urban Waste Sources and Phototrophic Mixed Cultures

Sandra Chacon-Aparicio, John Alexander Villamil, Fernando Martinez, Juan Antonio Melero, Raul Molina, Daniel Puyol

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: purple phototrophic bacteria; photo-biorefineries; domestic wastewater treatment; resource recovery; CSTR photobioreactors, Membrane photobioreactors

Online: 31 July 2023 (08:14:31 CEST)

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This work shows the potential of a new way of co-treatment of domestic wastewater (DWW) and a liquid stream coming from the thermal hydrolysis of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) mediated by a mixed culture of purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) capable of assimilating carbon and nutrients from the medium. The biological system is an open single-step process operated under microaerophilic conditions at an oxidative reduction potential (ORP) < 0 mV with a photoperiod of 12/24 h and fed during the light Stage only, so the results can be extrapolated to outdoors open ponds operation by monitoring the ORP. The effluent mostly complies with the discharge values of the Spanish legislation in COD and P values (<125mg/L <2 mg/L), respectively, and punctually on values in N (<15mg/L). Applying an HRT of 3 d and a ratio of 100:7 (COD:N), the presence of PPB in the mixed culture surpassed 50% of 16S rRNA gene copies, removing 78% of COD, 53% of N and 66% of P. Furthermore, increasing the HRT to 5 d, removal efficiencies of 83% of COD, 65% of N and 91% of P were achieved. In addition, the reactors were further operated in a membrane bioreactor, thus separating the HRT from the SRT to increase the specific loading rate. Very satisfactory removal efficiencies were achieved by applying HRT and SRT of 2.3 and 3 d, respectively: 84% of COD, 49% of N and 93% of P despite low presence of PPB due to more oxidative conditions, which anyway step-by-step re-colonized the mixed culture until reaching >20% of 16S rRNA gene copies after 49 d of operation. These results open the door to scale up the process in open photobioreactors capable of treating urban wastewater and municipal solid waste in a single stage and under microaerophilic conditions by controlling the ORP of the system. This novel urban biorefinery allows reducing treatment costs of two urban wastes and embed them in the circular bioeconomy through water recycling and valorizing PPB biomass as a source of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1917.v1

Waste Activated Sludge-High Rate (WASHR) Treatment Process: A Novel, Economically Viable and Environmentally Sustainable Method to Co-treat High-Strength Wastewaters at Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Mehrab Mehrvar, Melody Blythe Johnson

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: WASHR; co-treatment; high-rate treatment; high-strength wastewater; waste activated sludge-high rate; winery wastewater

Online: 28 July 2023 (13:02:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1987.v1

Urban Governance and Sanitation in the Peri-Urban Commune of Agoè-Nyvé 6 in Togo: Diagnosis of the Sanitation System in Adétikopé

Efui Holaly GBEKLEY, Koko Zébéto HOUEDAKOR, Kossi KOMI, Sossawè POLI, Koffi ADJALO, Ablam NYAKPO, Ayayivi Mensah AYIVIGAN, Abdourahamane Aissa Ghanny Vanessa ALI, Kossiwa ZINSOU-KLASSOU, Pèssiezoum ADJOUSSI

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: urban governance; sustainable development; wastewater management; Adétikopé; Togo

Online: 28 July 2023 (10:08:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1362.v1

The Rise and Fall of Omicron BA.1 Variant as Seen in Wastewater Supports Epidemiological Model Predictions

Michal Liddor Naim, Yu Fu, Marilou Shagan, Itay Bar-Or, Robert Marks, Qun Sun, Rony Granek, Ariel Kushmaro

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Omicron; Wastewater-based epidemiology; RT-qPCR; SIR model; SIRS model

Online: 20 July 2023 (11:44:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1405.v1

Quantitating Wastewater Characteristic Parameters Using Neural Network Regression Modeling on Spectral Reflectance

Dhan Lord B. Fortela, Armani Travis, Ashley P. Mikolajczyk, Wayne Sharp, Emmanuel Revellame, William Holmes, Rafael Hernandez, Mark Zappi

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: neural network regression; wastewater quality; spectral reflectance

Online: 20 July 2023 (10:44:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0882.v1

Changes in the Quality of Municipal Wastewater as a Consequence of Discharging Food Waste from Restaurants

Joanna Rodziewicz, Jarosław Pesta, Wojciech Janczukowicz, Artur Mielcarek

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: food waste; food waste disposers; catering wastewater; COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns; pollution loads; catering food waste energy potential

Online: 13 July 2023 (12:30:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0091.v1

A Novel Adsorbent Prepared by Aluminum-Containing Waste Residue and Its Application for Congo Red Wastewater Decolorization

Zhang Longfei, Han Xiaogang, Mu Jinxin

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Applied Chemistry Keywords: modified; aluminum containing waste; Congo red; adsorption; wastewater

Online: 4 July 2023 (03:23:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.2006.v1

Biosensors Based on Microbial Fuel Cells: A Brief Review

Prashanth GK, Sameer Quazi, Manoj Gadewar, M Mutthuraju, Srilatha Rao, Yatish KV, Mithun Ghosh, Saurabh Kumar Jha

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: MFCs; Wastewater treatment; Bio-sensors; Alternate energy

Online: 29 June 2023 (03:18:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1800.v1

Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Populations from Water or Sediment in Rivers Environments

Skof Aline, Michael Koller, Rita Baumert, Jürgen Hautz, Fritz Michael Treiber, Clemens Kittinger, Gernot Zarfel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: biofilm; ESBL; KPC-2; wastewater treatment plant; phenotyping

Online: 26 June 2023 (11:14:25 CEST)

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The detection of antibiotic-resistant facultative pathogenic bacteria in surface waters is common in the present day. However, there is limited understanding of the factors that influence the spread and stabilization of resistance in this habitat, particularly regarding the role of biofilms. Despite the perceived differences between sediments, biofilms, and open water, their potential contribution to the long-term maintenance of resistances remains unclear. In this study, we investigated Escherichia coli isolates obtained from the Mur and Drava rivers in Austria. Samples were collected from both the water column and sediment at two locations per river: upstream and downstream of an urban area, including a sewage treatment plant. The iso-lates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 21 antibiotics belonging to seven distinct classes. Additionally, any isolates exhibiting an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) or carbapenemase phenotype were further analyzed for the presence of specific antimi-crobial resistance genes. E. coli isolates obtained from the two rivers exhibited resistance to at least one of the tested anti-biotics, with rates of 25.83% and 23.66% respectively. The most prevalent antimicrobial re-sistances observed were towards ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tetracycline, and na-lidixic acid. Surprisingly, there was a similar proportion of resistant bacteria observed in both open water and sediment samples, contrary to expectations. The difference in resistance levels between samples collected upstream and downstream of the cities was minimal. Out of the total isolates, 13 E. coli were found to carry ESBL genes with one isolate carrying the gene for KPC-2 carbapenemase. There were no significant differences between the biofilm (sediment) and open water samples in the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance. Even the difference between the samples upstream and downstream of the cities and their wastewater treatment plants was minor. There seems to be no evidence of a large adaptive effect in this analysed biofilm population of E. coli. The un-typical phenotype of the KPC-producing and some of the ESBL-producing E. coli from this study could, however, be an indication that such adaptation effects generally exist in water.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1348.v1

Resilience Assessment in Urban Water Infrastructure: A Critical Review of Approaches, Strategies and Applications

Fatemeh Asghari, Farzad Piadeh, Daniel Egyir, Hossein Yousefi, Joseph P Rizzuto, Luiza C Campos, Kourosh Behzadian

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Resilience assessment; resilience strategies; urban stormwater and wastewater; urban water infrastructure; water supply systems

Online: 19 June 2023 (10:35:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0393.v1

Study of MBBR-MBR Performance by the Addition of Commercial and 3D-Printed Biocarriers

Dimitra C. Banti, Petros Samaras, Eleni Kostopoulou, Vassiliki Tsioni, Themistoklis Sfetsas

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: MBBR-MBR; biofilm; 3D-printed biocarriers; Kaldnes K1 biocarriers; 13X-halloysite biocarriers; membrane fouling; SMP; EPS; colloidal particles; wastewater treatment

Online: 6 June 2023 (07:14:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0207.v1

Improvement of MBBR Performance by the Addition of 3D-Printed Biocarriers Fabricated with 13X and Bentonite

Dimitra C. Banti, Petros Samaras, Afroditi G. Chioti, Anastasios Mitsopoulos, Michail Tsangas, Antonis Zorpas, Themistoklis Sfetsas

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: moving bed biofilm reactor; K1 biocarriers; 3D-printed biocarriers; biofilm; SMP; EPS; activated sludge; wastewater treatment

Online: 2 June 2023 (13:44:32 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1786.v1

Enhancing the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen with the Usage of the By-Product Oxygen in a Wastewater Treatment Plant

Franziska Maria Hönig, Ganesh Deepak Rupakula, Diana Duque-Gonzalez, Matthias Ebert, Ulrich Blum

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: alkaline water electrolysis; hydrogen; by-product oxygen; wastewater treatment plant; levelized cost of hydrogen; power-to-gas

Online: 25 May 2023 (09:46:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1422.v1

Assessing the Impact of Municipal and Industrial Wastewater on Water Quality of River Yamuna in Delhi

Shikha Yadav, Subhash Anand, Promil Kapoor, Walid Emam, Yusra Tashkandy, Sarfraz Hussain, Shikha Yadav

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Correlation Matrix; Drain Locations; Quality Parameters; River Yamuna; S.T.P.S; Wastewater Management; Water

Online: 19 May 2023 (10:01:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0587.v1

The Lavatory Lens: Tracking the Global Movement of Pathogens via Aircraft Wastewater

Aaron Bivins, Robert Morfino, Andrew Franklin, Stu Simpson, Warish Ahmed

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: air travel; infectious disease; sentinel surveillance; wastewater surveillance; aircraft

Online: 9 May 2023 (07:49:15 CEST)

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Modern commercial air travel connects disparate human populations with the global airline industry transporting up to 4.5 billion passengers annually in the years leading up to the COVID-19 pandemic. While such connections are convenient for commerce and tourism, air travel networks can also be efficient distributors of infectious diseases such as influenza, SARS-CoV-1, hemorrhagic fevers, and more recently SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox. During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health agencies used multi-layered control strategies including pre-departure testing and vaccination requirements, masking, post-arrival testing, and quarantine to manage the risk of COVID-19 transmission associated with air travel. Simultaneously, the surveillance of aircraft wastewater emerged as a promising new data source to screen for SARS-CoV-2 infections, including newly emergent lineages, among international air travelers. Herein, we review the potential of aircraft wastewater for public health surveillance. The known contributing population and flight itinerary combined with the highly concentrated waste stream and convenient sampling during routine lavatory servicing make aircraft wastewater a strategic opportunity for unintrusive surveillance of the global fluxes of human pathogens. We estimate for the cases of fecal- or urine-shed pathogens, sampling from 3,500 and 1,250 flights per week, respectively, would be required to survey 10% of all global long-haul flight passengers. In the case of the United States, achieving 10% coverage of all international arrivals would require sampling from 925 and 322 flights per week, respectively. Aircraft wastewater surveillance could also be integrated with network and infectious disease models to better inform traditional public health control measures during emerging epidemics. Given the tremendous potential for public good and the massive economic costs of epidemics, governments should consider international collaboration to create a global aircraft wastewater surveillance system.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0521.v1

Application of Adsorption-Extraction and Nanotrap® Microbiome A Particles Workflows for Detection and Quantification of Indicator, Enteric, and Respiratory Viruses in Aircraft Lavatory Wastewater

Warish Ahmed, Wendy Smith, Ananda Tiwari, Aaron Bivins, Stuart Simpson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Aircraft; Wastewater; Surveillance; Indicator viruses; Enteric viruses; Respiratory viruses

Online: 8 May 2023 (10:39:58 CEST)

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The effective detection of viruses in aircraft wastewater is crucial to establish surveillance programs for monitoring virus spread via aircraft passengers. This study aimed to compare the performance of two virus concentration workflows, adsorption-extraction (AE) and Nanotrap® Microbiome A Particles (NMAP), in detecting the prevalence and concentrations of 15 endogenous viruses in aircraft lavatory wastewater samples. The viruses tested include two indicator viruses, four enteric viruses, and nine respiratory viruses. The results showed that cross-assembly phage (crAssphage), human polyomavirus (HPyV), rhinovirus A (RhV A), and rhinovirus B (RhV B) were detected in all wastewater samples using both workflows. However, enterovirus (EV), human norovirus (HNoV GII), human adenovirus (HAdV), bocavirus (BoV), parechovirus (PeV), epstein-barr virus (EBV), influenza A virus (IAV), and respiratory syncytial virus B (RsV B) were infrequently detected by both workflows, and hepatitis A virus (HAV), influenza B virus (IBV), and respiratory syncytial virus B (RsV A) were not detected in any samples. The NMAP workflow had greater detection rates of EV, PeV, and RsV B than the AE workflow, while the AE workflow had greater detection rates of HAdV, BoV, and EBV than the NMAP workflow. The concentration of each virus was also analyzed, and the results showed that CrAssphage had the highest mean concentration (6.76 log₁₀ GC/12.5 mL) followed by HPyV (5.46 log₁₀ GC/12.5 mL using the AE workflow, while the mean concentrations of enteric and respiratory viruses ranged from 2.48 to 3.63 log₁₀ GC/12.5 mL. Using the NMAP workflow, the mean concentration of crAssphage was 5.18 log₁₀ GC/12.5 mL and the mean concentration of HPyV was 4.20 log₁₀GC/12.5 mL, while mean concentrations of enteric and respiratory viruses ranged from 2.55 to 3.74 log₁₀GC/12.5 mL. The mean concentrations of CrAssphage, HPyV, RhV A, and RhV B between the two workflows were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In summary, the present study provides valuable insights into the performance of virus concentration workflows in detecting and quantifying different viruses in aircraft lavatory wastewater samples. The findings can aid in the selection of an appropriate concentration workflow for virus surveillance studies and contribute to the development of efficient and reliable virus detection methods.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0355.v1

The Removal of Co (II) and Ni (II) from Model Wastewater by Functionalized Clay Hybrid Membrane

Saranya Madheswaran, Hemendrasinh Raol, Tanushree Choudhury

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: Montmorillonite; silylation; delamination; trace metals; hybrid membrane; wastewater remediation; nano reactor

Online: 5 May 2023 (10:44:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0285.v1

Wastewater Based Epidemiology, Phylogenetic Analysis and Machine Learning Approach to Describe the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the South-East of Spain

JOSE ANTONIO FEREZ, ENRIC CUEVAS-FERNANDO, MARIA AYALA-SAN NICOLAS, PEDRO J Simón Andreu, ROMAN LOPEZ, Pilar Truchado, Gloria Sánchez, ANA ALLENDE

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Epidemiology; Wastewater-based Epidemiology; Phylogenetic Analysis; Machine Learning Approach; Molecular virology

Online: 5 May 2023 (03:31:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0238.v1

The Influence of DOC on the Migration Forms of Elements and Their Sedimentation From River Waters at an Exploited Diamond Deposit (NW Russia)

Alexander I Malov, Evgeniya S Sidkina, Elena V Cherkasova

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Pollution Keywords: wastewater; river water; groundwater; migration species; bottom sediments; modeling

Online: 4 May 2023 (08:36:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1211.v1

Comparative Study of the U(VI) Adsorption by Hybrid Silica-Hyperbranched Poly(ethylene imine) Nanoparticles and Xerogels

Michael Arkas, Konstantinos Giannakopoulos, Evangelos P. Favvas, Sergios Papageorgiou, George V. Theodorakopoulos, Artemis Giannoulatou, Michail Vardavoulias, Dimitrios A Giannakoudakis, Konstantinos S Triantafyllidis, Efthalia Georgiou, Ioannis Pashalidis

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: Uranyl Cations; Dendritic Polymers; Silica Xerogels; Composites; Nanoparticles; water purification; radioactive wastewater; Uranium removal; Dendrimers; Biomimetic

Online: 29 April 2023 (04:48:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0661.v1

Antifungal Activity of Fresh and Stored Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) and Its Ethyl Acetate Extract against Plant Pathogens Fungi

Raja Jarboui, Mona S. Azab, Shaimaa M.N. Moustafa, Hallouma Bilel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Olive mill wastewater; antifungal activity; phytopathogenic fungi; phenolic compounds; storage

Online: 21 April 2023 (03:01:05 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0615.v1

Application of Electrochemical Oxidation for Water and Wastewater Treatment: An Overview

Mohammad Saleh Najafinejad, Simeone Chianese, Angelo Fenti, Pasquale Iovino, Dino Musmarra

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: emerging pollutants; wastewater treatment; electrochemical oxidation; role of operational parameters; cost analysis assessment; photoelectrocatalysis

Online: 20 April 2023 (07:20:41 CEST)

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In recent years, the discharge of various emerging pollutants, chemicals and dyes in water and wastewater has represented one of the prominent human problems. Since water pollution is directly related to human health, highly resistant and emerging compounds in aquatic environments will pose many potential risks to the health of all living. Therefore, water pollution is a very acute problem that has constantly increased in recent years with the expansion of various industries. Consequently, choosing efficient and innovative wastewater treatment methods to remove contaminants is crucial. Among advanced oxidation processes, electrochemical oxidation (EO) is the most common and effective method for removing persistent pollutants from municipal and industrial wastewater. However, there are still many gaps despite the great progress in using EO to treat real wastewater. This is due to the lack of comprehensive information on the operating parameters which affect the process and its operating costs. In this paper, among various scientific articles, the impact of operational parameters on the EO performances, a comparison between different electrochemical reactor configurations, and a report on general mechanisms of electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants have been reported. Moreover, an evaluation of cost analysis and energy consumption requirements have also been discussed. Finally, the combination process between EO and another important advanced oxidation technology, PEC, called photoelectrocatalysis (PEC), has shortly been discussed and reviewed. This article showed that there is a direct relationship between important operating parameters with the amount of costs and the final removal efficiency of emerging pollutants. Optimal operating conditions can be achieved by paying special attention to reactor design, which can lead to higher efficiency and more efficient treatment. The rapid development of EO for removing emerging pollutants from impacted water and its combination with other green methods can result in more efficient approaches to face the pressing water pollution challenge.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0309.v1

Production of Biochar from Biomass Pyrolysis for Removal of PFAS from Wastewater and Biosolids: A Critical Review

Mohamed Aboughaly, I.M.R. Fattah

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Biochar; PFAS; Biomass pyrolysis; Fluidized bed reactors; Wastewater; Biosolids

Online: 13 April 2023 (08:11:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0405.v1

Rainwater and Wastewater Management: A Case Study of Dakar’s Built-up area, Senegal

Abdoulaye FATY, Cheikh DIOP, Waly FAYE

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: Management; rainwater; wastewater; rainfall; urban areas; Dakar

Online: 23 March 2023 (02:08:41 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0070.v1

Circulatory Pathways in the Water and Wastewater sector in the Latin-American Region (LAR)

Paula C. Soto-Rios, Nidhi Nagabhatla, Brenda Acevedo-Juárez

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: Circular Economy; Water; Wastewater; Resource Use; Latin America

Online: 4 January 2023 (06:39:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0257.v1

Biopolymers Recovery from Aerobic Granular Sludge Treating Industrial Wastewater: Preliminary Analysis of Different Carbon Routes for Organic Carbon Utilization

Francesco Traina, Santo Fabio Corsino, Michele Torregrossa, Gaspare Viviani

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: Aerobic granular sludge; Biopolymers; Circular Economy; Extracellular Polymeric Substances; Polyhydroxyalkanoates; Sewage Sludge; Wastewater Treatment.

Online: 14 December 2022 (13:59:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0432.v1

Environmental pH and Supplemental C Exert Little Impact on Shrimp, but Profound Impacts on Plants in Marine Aquaponics

Yu-Ting Chu, Yiwen Bao, Jen-Yi Huang, Hye-Ji Kim, Paul B. Brown

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: sustainable food production; pH; supplemental C; marine aquaponics; wastewater treatment; halophytic plants; Litopenaeus vannamei

Online: 23 November 2022 (04:17:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0247.v1

Chemometrics of the Environment: Hydrochemical Characterization of Groundwater in Lioua plain (North Africa) using Time Series and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Ali Athamena, Aissam Gaagai, Hani Amir Aouissi, Juris Burlakovs, Selma Bencedira, Ivar Zekker, Andrey E. Krauklis

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Chemometrics; Wastewater; Hydrochemical Characterization; North Africa; Environmental Science; Groundwater; Data Analysis; Time Series; Multivariate Analysis; Statistics

Online: 14 November 2022 (09:25:04 CET)

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Drinking water quality is a major concern, especially in African countries. This manuscript aims to analyze the chemical composition of Lioua’s groundwater in order to determine the geological processes influencing the chemical elements' composition and origin. Therefore, chemometrics techniques such as multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) and time series methods (TSM) are used. Indeed, MSA includes a component analysis (PCA) and a cluster analysis (CA), while au-tocorrelation analysis (AA) supplemented by simple spectral density analysis (SDA) is used for TMS. PCA displays three main factors explaining a total variance (TV) of 85.01 %. Factors 1, 2, and 3 are 68.72%, 11.96%, and 8.89 % of TV, respectively. In the CA, three groups were controlled by TDS and EC. G1 reveals a close association between SO42−, K+, Ca2+, and TDS; G2 reveals a close association between Na+, Cl−, Mg2+, and EC; G3 shows the dissociation of bicarbonates HCO3− and NO3− from other chemical elements. AA shows a linear interrelationship of EC, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, and SO42−. However, NO3− and HCO3− indicate uncorrelated characteristics with other parameters. For SDA, the correlograms of Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, and SO42− have a similar trend with EC. None-theless, pH, Ca2+, HCO3− and NO3− exhibit multiple peaks related to the presence of several dis-tinct cyclic mechanisms. The methods enabled the authors to conclude that the geochemical processes influencing the chemical composition are: (i) dissolution of evaporated mineral depos-its, (ii) water-rock interaction, and (iii) evaporation process. In addition, Groundwater exhibits two bipolar characteristics, one recorded with negative and positive charges on pH and Ca+ and another recorded only with negative charges on HCO3− and NO3−. On the other hand, SO42-, K+, Ca2+, and TDS are the major predominant elements in the groundwater’s chemical composition. The major participation of salts and chlorides is in the electrical conductivity of water. The dominance of the lithological factor in the overall mineralization of the Plio-Quaternary surface aquifer waters. The origins of HCO3− and NO3− are different. Indeed, carbonated for HCO3- has a carbonate origin, whereas NO3– has an anthropogenic origin. The salinity was affected by Mg2+, SO42-, Cl-, Na+, K+, and EC. Ca2+, HCO3− and NO3− are resulted from human activity fertilizers, the carbonate facies outcrops, and domestic sewage.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0340.v1

Techno-economic Assessment Of An Olive Mill Wastewater (OMWW) Biorefinery In The Context Of Circular Bioeconomy

Yannis Mouzakitis, Emmanuel D. Adamides

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: circular bioeconomy; biorefinery; waste valorisation; olive mill wastewater (OMWW), bioplastics; PHAs; business canvas; business model, SWOT analysis; industrial symbiosis

Online: 21 October 2022 (13:53:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0133.v1

Efficiency of Adsorption and Photodegradation of Composite TiO2/Fe2O3 and Industrial Waste in Cyanide Removal

Blanca Margarita Amaro-Medina, Antonia Martinez-Luevanos, Ma. de Jesus Soria-Aguilar, Marco Antonio Sanchez-Castillo, Sofia Estrada-Flores, Francisco Raul Carrillo-Pedroza

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: cyanidation wastewater; cyanide; photodegradation; adsorption; clay; blast furnace sludge

Online: 11 October 2022 (03:25:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0486.v1

Prediction Model of Wastewater Pollutant Indicators Based on Combined Normalized Codec

Chun-Ming Xu, Jia-Shuai Zhang, Ling-Qiang Kong, Xue-Bo Jin, Jian-Lei Kong, Yu-Ting Bai, Ting-Li Su, Hui-Jun Ma, Prasun Chakrabarti

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Applied Mathematics Keywords: wastewater treatment; combinatorial normalization; codec; pollutant indicators; predict

Online: 30 September 2022 (11:07:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0503.v1

Experimental Investigation of the Novel Periodic Feed Pressure Technique in Minimizing Fouling during the Filtration of Oily Water Systems using Ceramic Membranes

Mohamed Echakouri, Amgad Salama, Amr Henni

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: oily wastewater; ceramic membrane; fouling mitigation; fouling resistance; periodic feed pressure technique

Online: 30 August 2022 (04:01:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0446.v1

Sustainable Treatment and Reuse of Water using Decentralized Systems

Rakesh Govind

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: sustainable; decentralized; wastewater; treatment; micro-nanobubbles; biomedia

Online: 29 July 2022 (03:42:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0064.v1

Development of A Process For Domestic Wastewater Treatment Using Moringa Oleifera for Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Inhibition under Tropical Conditions

Nini Sané, Amandine Laffite, Stöll Serge, Mbengue Malick, Pote Joh, Le Coustumer Philippe

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: domestic wastewater; biological contamination; wastewater treatment plant; Moringa oleifera; an-tibiotic resistance

Online: 6 June 2022 (06:19:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0371.v1

Removal of Diclofenac-Na from Aqueous Solution onto H₃PO₄Modified Composite Clay

Ayobami Ajani, Ademola Adeniji, Samson Ayodabo, Abass Alade, Tinuade Afolabi, Sofiat Ganiyu

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Inorganic And Nuclear Chemistry Keywords: Bentonite-Kaolinite-Worm Cast Clay; composite; Diclofenac-Na; geosorption; wastewater

Online: 27 May 2022 (08:48:13 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0015.v1

SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater: Occurrence, Detection and Implications

Anshika Billa, Sanjeev Balda, Aarjoo Sharma, Rupali Dhingra, Shiv Nandan Sah, Neena Capalash, Prince Sharma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Wastewater; Surveillance; SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater based epidemiology; COVID-19; Detection; Sewage

Online: 4 April 2022 (11:04:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0356.v1

Principles and Technical Application of Mixing Zones for Wastewater Discharges to Freshwater and Marine Environments

Carlos J.A. Campos, Donald J. Morrisey, Paul Barter

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: estuaries; zone of initial dilution; allocated impact zone; wastewater; modelling; water quality standards; water pollution control

Online: 28 March 2022 (08:44:53 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0336.v1

Looking Forward: The Role of Academic Researchers in Building Sustainable Wastewater Surveillance Programs

Catherine Hoar, Jill McClary-Gutierrez, Aaron Bivins, Marlene Wolfe, Kyle Bibby, Andrea Silverman, Sandra McLellan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Covid-19; SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater; research; surveillance

Online: 25 March 2022 (03:30:23 CET)

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Background: In the span of just two years, tracking the COVID-19 pandemic through wastewater surveillance has advanced from early reports of successful SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in untreated wastewater to implementation of programs in at least 60 countries. Early wastewater monitoring efforts primarily originated in research laboratories and are now transitioning into more formal surveillance programs run in commercial and public health laboratories. A major challenge in this progression has been to simultaneously optimize methods and build scientific consensus while implementing surveillance programs, particularly during the rapidly changing landscape of the pandemic. Translating wastewater surveillance results for effective use by public health agencies also remains a key objective for the field. Objectives: We examine the evolution of wastewater surveillance to identify model collaborations and effective partnerships that have created rapid and sustained success. We propose needed areas of research and key roles academic researchers can play in the framework of wastewater surveillance to aid in the transition of early monitoring efforts to more formalized programs within the public health system. Discussion: Wastewater surveillance has rapidly developed as a public health tool Clinical testing programs are ramping down and home testing is on the rise, making wastewater monitoring important for future surveillance of COVID-19. Our experience in initiating and implementing wastewater surveillance programs in the United States has allowed us to reflect on key barriers and organizational challenges and draw useful lessons. As wastewater surveillance programs are formalized, the working relationships developed between academic researchers, commercial and public health laboratories, and data users should continue and should promote knowledge co-development. While wastewater surveillance has demonstrated utility for tracking COVID-19, there remain technical challenges and open scientific questions that researchers are equipped to address, which will contribute to building robust surveillance programs that provide public health practitioners with new insights into population health.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0158.v1

Comparison of Auto Sampling and Passive Sampling Methods for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Wastewater

Melissa Wilson, Yuanyuan Qiu, Jiaao Yu, Bonita E. Lee, David T. McCarthy, Xiaoli Pang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; wastewater; passive sampler; autosampler; RT-qPCR

Online: 11 February 2022 (08:38:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0355.v1

Photocatalytic Reduction of Nitrates and Combined Photodegradation with Ammonium

Francesco Conte, Veronica Pellegatta, Gianguido Ramis, Ilenia Rossetti

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Applied Chemistry Keywords: Wastewater treatment; Nitrogen-containing pollutants; Nitrate photoreduction; SCR; Photocatalysis; Titania.

Online: 24 January 2022 (12:46:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0201.v1

Bioprocesses and Technologies for Nutrient Recovery From Waste Water: Microalgae and Jellyfish

Fridah Valenciah Muthoni, María Veiga, Christian Kennes

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: wastewater; valuable algal biomass; nitrogen; phosphorus; jellyfish

Online: 14 January 2022 (11:18:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0213.v1

Numerical Simulation on Double-nozzle Spray Evaporation of Desulfurization Wastewater

Hong Xu, Shuqin Feng, Liehui Xiao, Yazhen Hao, Xiaoze Du

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: FGD wastewater spay evaporation; atomized droplet characteristics; Least-Square support vector machine prediction model

Online: 14 October 2021 (10:40:08 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0672.v1

Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Systematic Review on the Substances of Greatest Concern Responsible for the Development of Antimicrobial Resistance

Gabriele Frascaroli, Deborah Reid, Colin Hunter, Joanne Roberts, Karin Helwig, Janice Spencer, Ania Escudero

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Wastewater; Pharmaceutical residues; Antimicrobial Resistance; Wastewater treatment plants; Occurrence; Removal; Environmental Risk Assessment; Classification

Online: 28 June 2021 (14:53:01 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0616.v1

First application of different Chlorella sp. microalgal strains for the treatment of vegetation waters derived from unconventional oil extractions enriched with citrus byproducts

Carolina Chiellini, Monica Macaluso, Adriana Ciurli, Lorenzo Guglielminetti, Isabella Taglieri, Chiara Sanmartin, Alessandro Bianchi, Francesca Venturi, Angela Zinnai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: olive-oil mill wastewater; wastewater; microalgae; Chlorella sp.; phenolic compounds

Online: 25 June 2021 (11:42:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0267.v2

Systematic Review of Wastewater Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Human Populations

Kevin Chau, Leanne Barker, Eric Budgell, Karina-doris Vihta, Natalie Sims, Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern, Elinor Harriss, Derrick Crook, Daniel Read, Sarah Walker, Nicole Stoesser

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: AMR; sewage; epidemiology; wastewater; surveillance

Online: 21 June 2021 (11:25:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0404.v1

A Forecast Visual Observation of the Anthropogenic Impact on the Pilgrimage Places Along the Southeast Coast of Tamil Nadu, India

Rajendran Viji, Nirmaladevi D Shrinithivihahshini, John S Armstrong-Altrin, Ebrahem M Eid

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Shoreline holy places, unregulated ritual impact, Wastewater and Open-defecation, Physiochemical and Microbial pollution, Gulf of Mannar

Online: 15 June 2021 (12:06:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0320.v1

Inherent Bias of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Quantification for Wastewater Surveillance Due to Variable RT-qPCR Assay Parameters

Aaron Bivins, Devrim Kaya, Kyle Bibby, Stuart Simpson, Stephen Bustin, Orin Shanks, Warish Ahmed

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: RT-qPCR; assay validity; standard curve; quality assurance; quality control; wastewater surveillance

Online: 11 June 2021 (14:10:51 CEST)

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Working Paper COMMUNICATION

Sars-Cov-2 Wastewater Surveillance for Public Health Action: Connecting Perspectives From Wastewater Researchers and Public Health Officials During a Global Pandemic

Jill McClary-Gutierrez, Mia Mattioli, Perrine Marcenac, Andrea Silverman, Alexandria Boehm, Kyle Bibby, Michael Balliet, Francis de los Reyes III, Daniel Gerrity, John Griffith, Patricia Holden, Dimitrios Katehis, Greg Kester, Nathan LaCross, Erin Lipp, Jonathan Meiman, Rachel Noble, Dominique Brossard, Sandra McLellan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; wastewater surveillance

Online: 7 June 2021 (13:01:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0557.v1

Wastewater-based SARS-CoV-2 Environmental Monitoring for Piedmont, Italy

Angelo Robotto, David Lembo, Paola Quaglino, Enrico Brizio, Denis Polato, Andrea Civra, Jessica Cusato, Giovanni Di Perri

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater; treatment; plant; Environmental Virology Monitoring and Surveillance; E gene

Online: 24 May 2021 (10:35:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0381.v1

Building-Level Wastewater Monitoring for COVID-19 Using Tampon Swabs and RT-LAMP for Rapid SARS-Cov-2 RNA Detection

Aaron Bivins, Megan Lott, Marlee Shaffer, Zhenyu Wu, Devin North, Erin Lipp, Kyle Bibby

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; wastewater monitoring; environmental surveillance; RT-LAMP; building-level; near-source; passive sampling

Online: 17 May 2021 (10:07:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0210.v1

Mitigation of Acute Hydrogen Sulfide and Ammonia Emissions from Swine Manure During 3-hour Agitation Using Pelletized Biochar

Baitong Chen, Jacek Koziel, Myeongseong Lee, Samuel O'Brien, Peiyang Li, Robert Brown

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: agricultural wastewater treatment; hazardous waste management; gas-liquid interface; gaseous emissions; animal production; occupational safety

Online: 10 May 2021 (15:16:36 CEST)

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The risk of inhalation exposure to elevated concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and ammonia (NH₃) during the agitation of stored swine manure is high. Once or twice a year, farmers agitate manure before pump-out and application to fields. Agitation of the swine manure causes the short-term releases of highly toxic levels of H₂S and NH₃. In our previous pilot-scale studies, the biochar powder had shown significant mitigation of H₂S and NH₃emissions when surficially applied to manure immediately before agitation. However, fine biochar powder application poses hazards by itself and may not be practical to apply on a farm scale, especially when livestock and workers are present. We hypothesized that applying pelletized biochar to manure surface is just as effective as applying powder to protect farmers and animals from excessive exposure to H₂S and NH₃. This work reports on the lab-scale proof-of-the-concept trials with biochar pellets on the lab-scale. The objective was to compare the biochar pellets and biochar powder on their effectiveness of mitigation on H₂S and NH₃ gases during 3-hour long swine manure agitation. Three scenarios were compared in (n=3) trials (i) control, (ii) 12.5 mm thick surficial application to manure surface of biochar powder, and (iii) an equivalent (by mass) dose of pelletized biochar applied to manure surface. The biochar powder was bound with 35% (wt) water into ~5 × 10 mm (dia × length) pellets. Biochar powder was significantly (p<0.05) more effective than the biochar pellets. Still, pellets reduced total H₂S and NH₃ emissions by ~72% and ~68%, respectively (p=0.001), compared with ~99% by powder (p=0.001). The maximum H₂S & NH₃concentrations were reduced from 48.1±4.8 ppm & 1,810±850 ppm to 20.8±2.95 ppm & 775±182 ppm by pellets, and to 22.1±16.9 ppm & 40.3±57 ppm by powder, respectively. These reductions are equivalent to reducing the maximum concentrations of H₂S and NH₃ during the 3-h manure agitation by 57% and 57% (pellets) and 54% and 98% (powder), respectively. Treated manure properties hinted at improved nitrogen retention, yet not significant due to high variability. We recommend scaling-up and trials on the farm-scales using biochar pellets to assess the feasibility of application to large manure surfaces and techno-economic evaluation.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0709.v1

2-D Modeling to Understand the Design Configuration and Flow Dynamics of Pond-in-Pond (Pip) Wastewater Treatment System for Reuse

Kushal Adhikari, Clifford Fedler, Alireza Asadi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: wastewater reuse; irrigation; sustainability; pond-in-pond; pond configuration; 2-D modeling

Online: 27 April 2021 (12:28:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0481.v1

Minimizing Errors in RT-PCR Detection and Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA for Wastewater Surveillance

Warish Ahmed, Stuart Simpson, Paul Bertsch, Kyle Bibby, Aaron Bivins, Linda Blackall, Silvia Bofill-Mas, Albert Bosch, Joao Brandao, Phil Choi, Mark Ciesielski, Erica Donner, Nishita D'Souza, Andreas Farnleitner, Daniel Gerrity, Raul Gonzalez, John Griffith, Pradip Gyawali, Charles Haas, Kerry Hamilton, Chanditha Hapuarachchi, Valerie Harwood, Rehnuma Haque, Greg Jackson, Stuart Khan, Wesaal Khan, Masaaki Kitajima, Asja Korajkic, Giuseppina La Rosa, Blythe Layton, Erin Lipp, Sandra McLellan, Brian McMinn, Gertjan Medema, Suzanne Metcalfe, Wim Meijer, Jochen Mueller, Heather Murphy, Colleen Naughton, Rachel Noble, Sudhi Payyappat, Susan Petterson, Tarja Pitkanen, Veronica Rajal, Brandon Reyneke, Fernando Roman, Joan Rose, Marta Rusinol, Michael Sadowsky, Laura Sala-Comorera, Yin Xiang Setoh, Samendra Sherchan, Kwanrawee Sirikanchana, Wendy Smith, Joshua Steele, Rosalie Sabburg, Erin Symonds, Phong Thai, Kevin Thomas, Josh Tynan, Simon Toze, Janelle Thompson, Andy Whiteley, Judith Wong, Daisuke Sano, Stefan Wuertz, Irene Xagoraraki, Qian Zhang, Amity Zimmer-Faust, Orin Shanks

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater; Surveillance; False-positive; False-negative; RT-PCR

Online: 19 April 2021 (13:08:13 CEST)

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Wastewater surveillance for pathogens using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is an effective, resource-efficient tool for gathering additional community-level public health information, including the incidence and/or prevalence and trends of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater may provide an early-warning signal of COVID-19 infections in a community. The capacity of the world’s environmental microbiology and virology laboratories for SARS-CoV-2 RNA characterization in wastewater is rapidly increasing. However, there are no standardized protocols nor harmonized quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance. This paper is a technical review of factors that can lead to false-positive and -negative errors in the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, culminating in recommendations and strategies that can be implemented to identify and mitigate these errors. Recommendations include, stringent QA/QC measures, representative sampling approaches, effective virus concentration and efficient RNA extraction, amplification inhibition assessment, inclusion of sample processing controls, and considerations for RT-PCR assay selection and data interpretation. Clear data interpretation guidelines (e.g., determination of positive and negative samples) are critical, particularly during a low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. Corrective and confirmatory actions must be in place for inconclusive and/or potentially significant results (e.g., initial onset or reemergence of COVID-19 in a community). It will also be prudent to perform inter-laboratory comparisons to ensure results are reliable and interpretable for ongoing and retrospective analyses. The strategies that are recommended in this review aim to improve SARS-CoV-2 characterization for wastewater surveillance applications. A silver lining of the COVID-19 pandemic is that the efficacy of wastewater surveillance was demonstrated during this global crisis. In the future, wastewater will play an important role in the surveillance of a range of other communicable diseases.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0258.v1

Towards Scaling-up Photocatalytic Process for Multiphase Environmental Applications: A Review

Mohamed Gar Alalm, Ridha Djellabi, Daniela Meroni, Carlo Pirola, Claudia L. Bianchi, Daria Camilla Boffito

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Air pollution; Photocatalysis; Reactors; Wastewater; Water matrix; Scaling up

Online: 9 April 2021 (13:04:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0140.v1

Characterization of Environmental and Cultivable Antibiotic-Resistant Microbial Communities Associated with Wastewater Treatment

Alicia Sorgen, James Johnson, Kevin Lambirth, Sandra Clinton, Molly Redmond, Anthony Fodor, Cynthia Gibas

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: culturability; antibiotic resistance; wastewater treatment

Online: 4 March 2021 (08:20:47 CET)

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