The Median Based Unit Weibull is a new 2 parameter unit Weibull distribution defined on the unit interval (0,1). Estimation of the parameters using MLE encountered some problems like large variance. Using generalized method of moments (GMMs) and percentile method may ameliorate this condition. This paper introduces GMMs and the percentile methods for estimating the parameters of the new distribution with illustrative real data analysis.

Quantum computing has attracted significant interest in the optimization community because it potentially can solve classes of optimization problems faster than conventional supercomputers. Several researchers proposed quantum computing methods, especially Quantum Interior Point Methods (QIPMs), to solve convex optimization problems, such as Linear Optimization, Semidefinite Optimization, and Second-order Cone Optimization problems. Most of them have applied a Quantum Linear System Algorithm at each iteration to compute a Newton step. However, using quantum linear solvers in QIPMs comes with many challenges, such as having ill-conditioned systems and the considerable error of quantum solvers. This paper investigates how one can efficiently use quantum linear solvers in QIPMs. Accordingly, an Inexact Infeasible Quantum Interior Point Method is developed to solve linear optimization problems. We also discuss how we can get an exact solution by Iterative Refinement without excessive time of quantum solvers. Finally, computational results with a QISKIT implementation of our QIPM using quantum simulators are analyzed.

The Gol'denveizer problem of a torus was studied analytically by Audoly and Pomeau (2002), and the accuracy of the Audoly and Pomeau linear law was confirmed numerically by Sun (2021). However, the law does not include the major radius R of the torus. To find the influence of the major radius, we used finite element numerical simulation to simulate different cases, and we propose a modified Audoly and Pomeau linear law for vertical deformation, which includes R. A linear law of horizontal deformation is presented as well. Our studies show that the Audoly and Pomeau linear law has high accuracy. With modified vertical and horizontal deformation, a displacement-compatible relation between them is formulated.

The article presents a new scalable iterative method for linear programming called the “apex method”. The key feature of this method is constructing a path close to optimal on the surface of the feasible region from a certain starting point to the exact solution of linear programming problem. The optimal path refers to a path of minimum length according to the Euclidean metric. The apex method is based on the predictor-corrector framework and proceeds in two stages: quest (predictor) and target (corrector). The quest stage calculates a rough initial approximation of linear programming problem. The target stage refines the initial approximation with a given precision. The main operation used in the apex method is an operation that calculates the pseudoprojection, which is a generalization of the metric projection to a convex closed set. This operation is used both in the quest stage and in the target stage. A parallel algorithm using a Fejér mapping to compute the pseudoprojection is presented. An analytical estimation of the parallelism degree of this algorithm is obtained. Also, an algorithm implementing the target stage is given. The convergence of this algorithm is proven. An experimental study of the scalability of the apex method on a cluster computing system is described. The results of applying the apex method to solve problems from the Netlib-LP repository are presented.

DGJ (Daftardar-Gejii-Jafaris) method is used to obtain numerical solution of the third order fractional differential equation. Providing the DGJ method converges, the approximate solution is a good and effective numerical result which is close to the exact solution or the exact solution. For this,the examples of the explaning the method are presented. The proposed method is implemented for the approximation solution of the third order nonlinear fractional partial differential equations. The method was shown to be unsuitable and inconsistent for an example of a nonlinear fractional partial differential equation depend on initial-boundary value conditions. The fact that these numerical results are not consistent can be explained by the fact that the method is not convergent.

Initial periods of adsorption kinetics play an important role in estimating the initial adsorption rate and rate constant of adsorption process. Several adsorption processes rapidly occur, and the experimental data of adsorption kinetics under the initial periods can contain potential errors. The pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model has been popularly applied in the field of adsorption. The use of the nonlinear optimization method to obtain the parameters of the PSO model can minimize error functions during modelling compared to the linear method. However, the nonlinear method has limitations in that it cannot directly recognize potential errors in the experimental points of time-dependent adsorption, especially under the initial periods. In this study, for the first time, the different linear types (Types 1–6) of the PSO model are applied to discover the error points under the initial periods. The result indicated that the fitting method using its linear equations (Types 2–5) is really helpful for identifying the error (doubtful) experimental points from the initial periods of adsorption kinetics. The imprecise points lead to low adjusted R2 (adj-R2), high reduced χ2 (red-χ2), and high Bayesian information criterion (BIC) values. After removing those points, the experimental data were adequately fitted with the PSO model. statistical analyses demonstrated that the nonlinear method must be used for modelling the PSO model because its red-χ2 and BIC were lower than the linear method. Type 1 has been extensively applied in the literature because of its very high adj-R2 (0.9999) and its excellent fitting to experimental points. However, its application should be limited because the potential errors from experimental points were not identified by this type. For comparison, the other kinetic models (i.e., pseudo-first-order, pseudo-nth-order, Avrami, and Elovich) are applied. The modelling result using the nonlinear forms of those models indicated that the fault experimental points from the initial periods were not detected.

Kinetic parameters of SO2 adsorption on unburned carbons from lignite fly ash and activated carbons based on hard coal dust were determined. The model studies were performed using the linear and non-linear regression method for the following models: pseudo first and second-order, intraparticle diffusion, and chemisorption on a heterogeneous surface. The quality of the fitting of a given model to empirical data was assessed based on: R2, R, Δq, SSE, ARE, χ2, HYBRID, MPSD, EABS, and SNE. It was clearly shown that it is the linear regression that more accurately reflects the behaviour of the adsorption system, which is consistent with the first-order kinetic reaction – for activated carbons (SO2+Ar) or chemisorption on a heterogeneous surface – for unburned carbons (SO2+Ar and SO2+Ar+H2O(g)+O2) and activated carbons (SO2+Ar+H2O(g)+O2). Importantly, usually, each of the approaches (linear/non-linear) indicated a different mechanism of the studied phenomenon. A certain universality of the χ2 and HYBRID functions has been proved, the minimization of which repeatedly led to the lowest SNE values for the indicated models. Fitting data by any of the non-linear equations based on the R or R2 functions only, cannot be treated as evidence/prerequisite of the existence of a given adsorption mechanism.

The methods for constructing solutions to integro-differential equations of the Volterra type are considered. The equations are related to fractional conformable derivatives. Explicit solutions of homogeneous and inhomogeneous equations are constructed and a Cauchy-type problem is studied. It should be noted that the considered method is based on the construction of normalized systems of functions with respect to a differential operator of fractional order.

The aim of this paper is to study a semi-functional partial linear regression model (SFPLR) for spatial data with responses missing at random. The estimators are constructed by the kernel method, and some asymptotic properties such as probability convergence rates of the nonparametric component and asymptotic distribution of the parametric and nonparametric components are established under certain conditions. Next, the performances and the superiority of these estimators are presented and examined using a study on simulated data and on real data by carrying out a comparison between our semi-functional partially linear model with MAR estimator (SFPLRM), the semi-functional partially linear model with the full-case estimator (SFPLRC) and the nonparametric functional model estimator with MAR (FNPM). The results show that the proposed estimators outperform existing estimators as the number of random missing data increases.

In this paper, the functional variable method is used to establish solitary wave solutions and periodic wave solutions of the loaded quadratic non-linear Klein-Gordon equation, the loaded cubic non-linear Klein-Gordon equation and the loaded coupled non-linear Klein-Gordon equation. All solutions of these equations have been examined and three dimensional graphics of the obtained solutions have been drawn by using the Matlab software. The main advantage of the proposed functional variable method over other methods is that it provides more new exact traveling wave solutions along with additional free parameters. The graphical representations of the soliton solutions and the periodic wave solutions by using distinct values of random parameter are demonstrated to better understand their physical features. The exact solutions have its great importance to reveal the internal mechanism of the physical phenomena.

The paper presents an adaptation of numerical solution of first order linear differential equation in fuzzy environment. The numerical method is re-established and studied with fuzzy concept to estimate its uncertain parameters whose values are not precisely known. Demonstrations of fuzzy solutions of the governing methods are carried out by the approaches, namely Modified Runge Kutta method and Runge Kutta Merson method. The results are compared with the exact solution which is found using generalized Hukuhara derivative (gH-derivative) concepts. Additionally, different illustrative examples and an application in industry of the methods are also undertaken with the useful table and graph to show the usefulness for attained to the proposed approaches.

In this paper, we introduce as a pedagogical strategy an internal division-free, straightforward, and symmetrically progressing algorithm in manually computing matrix inverse and solving systems of linear equations by revisiting the application of elementary row operations in the Gauss-Jordan reduction method and connecting it to the determinant method. The proposed cross-multiplication-flip (CMF) algorithm employs cross-multiplication similar to the butterfly movement in computing determinants as a strategic application of elementary row operations to efficiently reduce the rows and then applies flipping of rows and entries to put an upper triangular matrix into lower triangular form to continue the reduction process.

This study reviews methods for detecting fracture closure pressure in both unconventional and conventional reservoirs using mathematical models and fluid flow equations. It evaluates tech-niques such as the Nolte method, tangent method, and compliance method. The investigation re-lies on observing changes in fluid flow regimes from pre-closure to post-closure, using fluid flow equations to examine the post-closure flow regime effect on the G function. Reverse calculations model pressure decline across synthesized flow regimes, facilitating a detailed investigation of the closure process. The analysis reveals that the tangent method is sensitive to post-closure fluid flow, while the compliance method is less effective in reservoirs with significant tortuosity or natural fractures. The paper recommends assessing natural fractures' characteristics and perme-ability to identify the source of leak-off before selecting a technique. It proposes integrating vari-ous methods for a comprehensive understanding of subsurface formations, combining their strengths for accurate fracture closure identification and better understanding of subsurface formations. The new proposed workflow employs the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) technique for fracture closure detection, avoiding physical model pre-assumptions or simplifica-tions to confirm the results. This approach offers guidance on selecting appropriate methods by integrating different techniques.

In this paper, we consider the development of algorithms for the solution of first order initial value problems whose solution exhibits exponential behaviour. Method of interpolation and collocation of basis function to give system of nonlinear equations which is solved for the unknown parameters to give a continuous scheme. The discrete methods recovered from the continuous scheme are implemented in block form. The stability properties of the method is verified and numerical experiments show that our method is efficient in handling these problems

The development of computational acoustics allows simulation of sound generation and propagation in complex environment. In particular, meshfree methods are widely used to solve acoustics problems through arbitrarily distributed field points and approximation smoothness flexibility. As a Lagrangian meshfree method, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method reduce the difficulty in solving problems with deformable boundaries, complex topologies, or multiphase medium. The traditional SPH method has been applied in acoustic simulation. This study presents the corrective smoothed particle method (CSPM), which is a combination of SPH kernel estimate and Taylor series expansion. The CSPM is introduced as a Lagrangian approach to improve accuracy in solving acoustic wave equations in the time domain. Moreover, a boundary treatment technique based on the hybrid meshfree and finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is proposed to represent different acoustic boundaries with particles. To model sound propagation in pipes with different boundaries, soft, rigid, and absorbing boundary conditions are built with this technique. Numerical results show that the CSPM algorithm is consistent and demonstrates convergence with exact solutions. Main computational parameters are discussed, and different boundary conditions are validated to be effective for benchmark problems in computational acoustics.

Green investments help to create less harmful alternatives and adequate funds that contribute to economic growth, sustainable development, and social well-being. The applied methods are empirical and analytical based on the study of literature, multi-criteria modelling, determination of weights, and ranking of criteria in deciding green investments mapping of indicators, and monitoring of progress towards green growth through official OECD data. The analysis uses official sources on indicators related to the green economy and the environment. Multi-criteria decision-models (MCDM) were used to select adequate green investments, where instead of indicators from the official OECD-database, investors use the areas in which the indicators are distributed. According to the findings of AHP, half of the investments in the green economy come from public sources (0.51), and the other half are private (0.25), and institutional investors (0.24). While, BWM reveals that the best criterion for the decision to invest in the green economy is the environmental and resource productivity of the economy, and the worst is the base of natural assets. This paper aims to enable decision-makers to use these results as weights for the overall assessment of green investments in ESG and to simplify the decision-making approach in future analyses.

Statement of problem: The stereo-optical method can be used for assessment of strains and deformations of different fixed or removable prosthodontic constructions. Material and methods: The study used two master casts of a lower jaw with bilateral terminal edentulous seats. Their topography was identical, with missing lower molars, the left lower second premolar, and the right canine and incisors, indicating a partially edentulous lower jaw according to Eichner's B3 (and C2) classification (i.e. Kennedy class 1). The control cast had conventional oval copings for overdenture. The experimental cast was almost the same as the control, with the exception of the surfaces simulating three specific milled copings covering the remaining tooth substance. Controlled loading was measured using a gnathodynamometer. Loading stages were at 400, 800, and 1000 N. Measurements of strain and displacement were provided by the Digital Image Correlation Method and the associated software. ‘Wilcoxon Lambda’ two sample tests based on the simple linear rank statistics were used in the analysis of differences in the displacement and deformation between the control rounded and experimental milled copings under loading numerical values. Results: It was found that smaller values of deformations are measured on milled copings when compared to the controls. There were statistically significant differences in displacement between the control rounded and experimental milled copings (Pr > |Z| = 0.001) as well as in deformations (Pr > |Z| = 0.0298). Conclusions: Experimental milled copings are less susceptible to deformation compared to the control conventional oval copings. These findings may have clinical significance in improvements of primary and secondary retention of overdentures on milled copings.

Modern development of high-intensity and high-resolution X-ray technology allows detailed studies of the multiphoton absorption and scattering of X-ray photons by deep and subvalent shells of molecular systems on a wide energy range. The interpretation of experimental data requires the improvement of computational methods for obtaining excited and ionized electron states of molecular systems with one or several vacancies. The specificity of solving these problems requires the use of molecular orbitals obtained in one-center representation. Slow convergence of one-center expansions is a significant disadvantage of this approach; it affects the accuracy of the calculation of spectroscopic quantities. We offer a method of including higher harmonics in one-center expansion of a molecular orbital with the use of wave functions of electrons of deep shells of a ligand (off-center atom of a molecule). The method allows one to take into account correctly electron density of a linear molecule near the ligand when describing vacancies created in a molecular core leading to radial relaxation of electron density. The analysis of the parameters of one-center expansion of the ligand functions depending on ligand’s charge is performed. The criteria for the inclusion of higher harmonics of one-center decomposition of the ligand functions in the molecular orbital are determined. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated by the example of diatomic molecules HF, LiF, and BF by estimating energy characteristics of their ground and ionized states.

After prolonged development, most domestic and international oilfields have entered a late stage of high water cut and high recovery, with a comprehensive water cut reaching up to 90%. Carbon-oxygen ratio logging can directly distinguish oil layers from water layers with low salinity, unknown salinity, or significantly varying salinity in cased wells. This makes it highly valuable for detecting oil and gas layers and locating and monitoring oil-water interfaces. It is currently one of the most effective methods for determining residual oil saturation in cased wells. This paper is based on two carbon-oxygen ratio spectrum interpretation models (the fan and ratio chart methods). It compares and analyzes these two methods and optimizes the interpretation parameters in the ratio chart model using an improved genetic algorithm. The results are effectively integrated with reservoir and conventional logging interpretation results, reducing the impact of lithology and physical properties on measurement values. This provides a theoretical foundation for improving the interpretation capability and accuracy of carbon-oxygen ratio logging, allowing for quicker and more accurate identification of water-flooded layers. This technical support aids in monitoring oil-water dynamics, determining water-flooded layers, and enhancing production potential during oilfield development.

Brand trust holds significant importance in the Mongolian cashmere industry. This study examines the primary predictors of customer brand trust among Mongolian cashmere users. Our research includes a survey with 800 participants and 20 individual interviews conducted among both Mongolian cashmere users and non-users. We utilized an online platform to reach participants, employing convenience sampling. The study investigates the relationship between various factors and brand trust within the context of Mongolian cashmere brands. Through a combination of in-dividual interviews and statistical analysis, we test six hypotheses. The findings indicate that higher brand quality, a strong reputation, greater transparency, effective issue resolution, commitment to environmental and social responsibility, and pre-purchase research on such commitments positively impact brand trust. Key insights gleaned from the interviews emphasize the importance of quality, reputation, transparency, customer service, and environmental responsibility in shaping consumer trust. These results offer valuable implications for cashmere brands aiming to bolster consumer trust and foster loyalty.

Super-resolution (SR) techniques have shown great promise in enhancing the resolution of MRI images, which are often limited by hardware constraints and acquisition time. Regularization-based methods, which incorporate prior knowledge into the SR process, have been especially effective in improving image quality and mitigating the effects of noise and blur. In this paper, we propose an advanced regularization method for MRI super-resolution that balances high-frequency detail preservation with noise suppression. By leveraging spatially adaptive regularization techniques and a robust denoising process, the proposed method outperforms traditional SR algorithms, as demonstrated on real-world MRI datasets.

The leather industry is one of the most polluting industries in the world due to the large amounts of waste following the raw hides processing, but also due to the high content of chemicals present in their composition. The main problem of chromium-tanned leather solid waste is related to their storage, because of the ability of chromium to leach in soil or water, and also owing to the high ability of trivalent chromium to oxidize to its toxic form, hexavalent chromium. The purpose of this study is to present the latest methods for extracting trivalent chromium from the composition of solid leather wastes. The extraction methods identified in the present study are based on acid/basic/enzymatic hydrolysis and substitution with the help of organic chelators (organic acids and organic acid salts). In addition, the study includes a comparative analysis between the advantages and disadvantages of each identified extraction method. At the same time, the study also presentes alternative chromium extraction methods based on the combination of conventional extraction methods and ultrasound-assisted extraction.

In this paper, we first discuss the research status and application progress of the finite element method and the smoothed particle method. By analyzing the advantages of the smoothed particle method and the finite element method, a new coupling algorithm, namely FEM-SPH algorithm, is proposed. By the method of comparison, it shows that finite element method and SPH method in the simulation of large deformation problems each have advantages and disadvantages, the finite element method smoothed particle coupling algorithm is effective to achieve the performance of high computational efficiency and can naturally simulate large deformation problems across. In the process of calculation, the large deformation unit can be freely into an algorithm to facilitate the calculation accuracy and efficiency of three methods of numerical simulation. Through the study found, FEM-SPH algorithm not only overcome the defect of smooth particle tensile instability, but also overcomes the problem of low efficiency of finite element computation. To further test the FEM-SPH algorithm has advantages in the practical engineering, we have carried out the actual test to the example of the super high speed collision, concluded that, since the target of most of the computational domain is always finite element, smoothed particle focused only in contact with the projectile and target of local area, particle number is not much, the whole calculation process just ten minutes, computational efficiency has been greatly improved, at the same time in the simulation of large deformation, the advantage is very obvious .This provides a criterion for the actual project, depending on the specific material deformation mode and choose a more appropriate conversion algorithm.

In metropolitan regions, which are particularly vulnerable to seismic damage, numerous reinforced concrete (RC) buildings are being constructed. Public safety has been an important consideration to safeguard and protect people, buildings, and infrastructure from the potential effects of earthquakes. The assessment of seismic vulnerability within urban areas encompassed an analysis of both building vulnerability and the scale of seismic hazards prevalent in the locality. This assessment aimed to ascertain the likelihood of building damage resulting from ground motion induced by an earthquake of a specific magnitude. In recent decades, considerable efforts have been made to develop and improve methods for assessing earthquake damage to reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. These efforts included the creation of seismic hazard and seismic risk indices that were used to quantify the potential destruction of individual building components or the entire building. This scholarly review article presents an in-depth analysis and concise summary of the primary techniques (including qualitative or empirical, quantitative, analytical, and experimental test methods) devised for appraising the seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete frame buildings, pre- and post-earthquake occurrences. It is a valuable reference for policymakers, engineers, researchers, and specialists engaged in earthquake risk mitigation efforts.

This paper examines the energy efficiency of three variations of the two-degree-of-freedom transverse galloping energy harvester. These variants differ in the number and placement of electromechanical transducers. By utilizing the harmonic balance method, limit cycles of mathematical models of devices were determined. Analytical expressions derived from models were then used to formulate the efficiency of the systems. It was demonstrated that efficiency depends on flow speed and can be comprehensively characterized by four criteria parameters: peak efficiency, denoting the maximum efficiency of the system, and high efficiency bandwidth, which describes the range of flow velocities within which the efficiency remains at no less than 90% of peak efficiency. The values of these parameters are heavily reliant on the speed at which the system achieves peak efficiency—referred to as the nominal speed nominal speed, which in turn is related to the critical speed of the system. Comparative analysis revealed that only the two-degree-of-freedom device equipped with two electromechanical transducers can potentially outperform a simple one-degree-of-freedom system in terms of efficiency.

C-C motif chemokine receptor-8 (CCR8) belongs to class A of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). CCR8 interacts with the specific chemokine ligand CCL1/I-309 in humans, which is produced by various cells, including tumor-associated macrophages and regulatory T cells (Treg). CCR8 is highly expressed on Treg and T-helper 2 (T_H2) cells recruited to the inflammation site and is implicated in allergy, asthma, and cancer progression. The CCR8⁺Treg has been suggested to be an important regulator in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME); therefore, it has been desired to develop sensitive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for CCR8. This study developed a specific mAb for human CCR8 (hCCR8), which is useful for flow cytometry by employing the Cell-Based Immunization and Screening (CBIS) method. The established anti-hCCR8 mAb, C₈Mab-21, (mouse IgM, kappa) reacted with hCCR8-overexpressed Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO/hCCR8) cells, TALL-1 (acute T lymphoblastic leukemia), CCRF-HSB2 (human T-lymphoblastic leukemia), and natural killer cells, which express endogenous hCCR8 by flow cytometry. Furthermore, C₈Mab-21 demonstrated a moderate binding affinity for CHO/hCCR8 and TALL-1 with a dissociation constant of 6.5×10^-8 M and 2.0×10^-8 M, respectively. C₈Mab-21, which was established by the CBIS method, could be a useful tool for analyzing the hCCR8-related biological response using flow cytometry.

Although Eulerian approaches are standard in computational acoustics, they are less effective for certain classes of problems like bubble acoustics and combustion noise. A different approach for solving acoustic problems is to compute with individual particles following particle motion. In this paper, a Lagrangian approach to model sound propagation in moving fluid is presented and implemented numerically, using three meshfree methods to solve the Lagrangian acoustic perturbation equations (LAPE) in the time domain. The LAPE split the fluid dynamic equations into a set of hydrodynamic equations for the motion of fluid particles and perturbation equations for the acoustic quantities corresponding to each fluid particle. Then, three meshfree methods, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, the corrective smoothed particle (CSP) method, and the generalized finite difference (GFD) method, are introduced to solve the LAPE and the linearized LAPE (LLAPE). The SPH and CSP methods are widely used meshfree methods, while the GFD method based on the Taylor series expansion can be easily extended to higher orders. Applications to modeling sound propagation in steady or unsteady fluids in motion are outlined, treating a number of different cases in one and two space dimensions. A comparison of the LAPE and the LLAPE using the three meshfree methods is also presented. The Lagrangian approach shows good agreement with exact solutions. The comparison indicates that the CSP and GFD method exhibit convergence in cases with different background flow. The GFD method is more accurate, while the CSP method can handle higher Courant numbers.

The work aims to develop an electromagnetic shielding measurement methodology and design an electromagnetic shielding effectiveness test setup for thin sheet material testing. In brief, multiple shielding effectiveness standards are described and analyzed in the thin sheet material testing framework. Two types of the developed shielding effectiveness test probe in high and low-frequency ranges are validated comprehensively. Extensive descriptions and data of developed testing methodology are also reported.

The study of precipitation amount at different time scales constitutes an important issue in climate research and risk assessment. When dealing with daily totals, a frequent but sometimes underestimated problem is at what time the observation day begins. The choice of different starting times may lead to incompatibility between stations and incorrect identification of extreme events. In this work, the problem of temporal misalignment between precipitation datasets characterized by different starting time of the observation day is analyzed. The most widely used adjustment methods (1day and uniform shift) and two methods based on reanalysis (NOAA and ERA5) are evaluated in terms of temporal alignment, precipitation statistics and percentile distributions. As test series, the precipitation amount collected from 9 a.m. local time (09 LT) on the previous day to 09 LT on the target day (9-9 datasets) of the Padua and nearby stations in the period 1993-2022 have been selected. Results show that the reanalysis-based methods, in particular ERA5, outperform the others in temporal alignment, regardless the station. But, for the periods in which reanalysis data are not available, “1day” method, which shifts the daily amount back one calendar day, and “unif” method, which distributes uniformly the daily total from a 2-day moving window surrounding the target date, can be considered valid alternatives. On the other side, concerning the precipitation statistics, the reanalysis-based methods are not the best option, as they increase the precipitation frequency and reduce the mean value over wet days, NOAA much more than ERA5. Nevertheless, the uniform method provides a larger deviation from the original daily series. The use of the series of a station nearby the target one, which is mandatory in case of missing data, gives similar or better results than applying any adjustment method to the 9-9 series. General conclusions can hardly be drawn as they depend on the method and station. For the Padua dataset, the analysis was repeated at monthly and seasonal resolution. In general, the adjustment series show the most relevant changes in the precipitation statistics in summer and less temporal alignment with the original series in summer and autumn, the two seasons mainly affected by heavy rains in Padua. Finally, the percentiles distribution, analyzed for all the methods and stations, indicates that any adjustment method underestimates the percentile values, except ERA5. Only Legnaro, the station most correlated with Padua, gives results like ERA5.

Solving the problem of searching for new scintillators based on available materials, we were the first to obtain and study a single crystal of CsI doped with divalent ytterbium ions. This work was directed to study of luminescence mechanism of Yb2+ ions and excitation transfer from crystalline matrix of CsI to dopant ions under VUV excitation. Using time-resolved spectroscopy, spin-allowed and spin-forbidden radiative transitions of ytterbium ions at room temperature were discovered. At 10 degrees, the emission of self-trapped excitons was detected. UV and VUV excitation spectra were obtained in the emission bands of ytterbium and self-trapped excitons. It was found that Yb2+ luminescence is excited in the excitonic region in the range of 10-45 eV. The mechanism of charge compensation of Yb2+ ions in a CsI crystal was also studied, the spectrum of the thermally stimulated depolarization current was measured, and the activation energies of the two observed peaks were calculated. These peaks belong to impurity-vacancy complexes in two different positions.It is concluded that Yb2+ ions are promising dopants for CsI scintillators and X-ray phosphors in combination with SiPM photodetectors.

Polarimetry is used to determine the Stokes parameters of a laser beam. Once all four S0,1,2,3 parameters are determined, the state of polarisation is established. Upon reflection of a laser beam with the defined S polarisation state, the directly measured S parameters can be used to determine the optical properties of the surface, which modified the S-state upon reflection. Here, we demonstrate polarimetry for the determination of surface anisotropies related to birefringence and dichroism from different materials, which have a common feature of linear patterns of different alignments and scales. It is shown that polarimetry in the back-reflected light is complementary to ellipsometry and four-polarisation camera imaging.

The molten salt reactor (MSR) specific 3D spatial dynamics code leveraging the neutronics and thermal-hydraulics (TH) coupling method, TMSR3D, has been extended for static and transient analysis of large advanced light water reactors (LWRs), particularly focusing on control rod ejection accidents. The code is built upon the neutron diffusion model leveraging the widely used "two-step" strategy in three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates. A polynomial nodal expansion method (NEM) is utilized to handle spatial variables, while the neutron kinetics solver employs the exponential transformation technique. The code also integrates a single-channel TH module and a steam table set at 15.5 Mpa. The accuracy of the code has been validated through three transient benchmarks, including the 3D-LRA benchmark for boiling water reactors (BWRs), the NEACRP 3D benchmark, and the MOX/UO2 core benchmark for pressurized water reactors (PWRs). These benchmarks cover both static and transient behaviors, and the results have been thoroughly analyzed. The close alignment of extended version of TMSR3D outcomes with reference data and other codes supports its reliability, making it a promising tool for future dynamic analyses of large-scale advanced PWRs.

In this paper we introduce the Adomian decomposition method for a class of first order fuzzy dynamic equations on arbitrary time scales for existence of solutions. The results are provided with suitable numerical examples.

In this paper, we focus on the impact of financial liberalization on stability of emerging stock market. We identify crises in a group of Latin American (Argentina, Brazil and Chile) and Asian countries (Philippines, Korea, Taiwan and Thailand) during 1975–2005. This paper aims to apply the methodology of CMAX method. Our results indicate that liberalization triggers more unstable stock market in the short run and generate several crises. Still, liberalization seems to generate more stable financial markets in the long run. Financial liberalization does not increase the frequency of crises in emerging countries and at long-term, crises are less several.

Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) is a highly all-important material renowned for its exceptional physical and chemical properties, and it is extensively utilized in various industries such as con-struction, piping, cable insulation and medical equipment. The cross-linking process of polyethylene involves chemical or physical bonding of polymer chains to enhance its resistance to heat, chemicals and mechanical stress. This study offers a comprehensive overview of recent research and potential advancements in this field, with a particular focus on the development of efficient techniques and environmentally sustainable cross-linking systems. It evaluates the opportunities and challenges faced by cross-linked polyethylene materials across diverse applications, providing valuable insights for future research in this area.

The use of tuning forks to measure fluid density and viscosity is widely employed in fields such as food, medicine, textiles, automobiles, petrochemicals, and deep drilling. The explicit analytical model based on Euler-Bernoulli cantilever beam theory for the relationship between tuning fork resonance characteristics and the density and viscosity of fluid is only applicable to the situation where the fluid viscous effect is very small. In this paper, the finite element method is used to simulate the influence of large variations in fluid density and viscosity on the resonance characteristic parameters (resonant frequency and quality factor) of the tuning fork. The numerical simulation results are compared with the analytical analysis results and experimental measurement results. Then, the sensitivity of tuning fork resonance characteristic parameters to fluid density and viscosity is studied. The results show that compared with the analytical results, the numerical simulation results have a higher degree of agreement with the experimental measurement results. The relative difference in resonant frequency is less than 2%, and the relative difference in quality factor is less than 4%. This indicates that the finite element method includes the influence of fluid viscosity on tuning fork resonance parameters, which is more in line with the actual conditions than the analytical model. Simulating and analyzing the sensitivity of the tuning fork to fluid density and viscosity by the finite element method, it is possible to consider the situation where fluid density and viscosity vary over a large range. Compared with experimental measurements, this method has higher efficiency and can significantly save time and economic costs. This study can overcome the limitation of existing explicit analytical models, which are only applicable when the viscous effects of the fluid are very small. It enables a more accurate simulation of the coupling vibration between tuning forks and fluids, thereby providing theoretical references for further optimizing tuning fork structural parameters to enhance the accuracy of measuring fluid characteristic parameters.

Meta-heuristic algorithms are methods that try to solve problems by imitating events and systems existing in nature. It can be very difficult to solve nonlinear problems with the help of known classical algorithms. In this study, a new meta-heuristic method, the Pi algorithm, is proposed. Pi is a special number that is not periodic and contains many different number combinations in its digits calculated so far. The most important part of meta-heuristic methods is the equations and parameters used to ensure the diversity of the created population. In this study, a specific Pi coefficient for each attribute was calculated with the help of the Monte-Carlo method. These coefficients were used in the Pi algorithm in other parts of the study. In the application for data clustering, experiments were made on 5 different data sets. The best accuracy rate of 95.5% was achieved. In this respect, it has been seen that the Pi algorithm works successfully as a meta-heuristic method. It can be studied on a population-based data clustering, classification, prediction, etc. It can be easily applied in all areas.

Porous hierarchical structure has been widely used in engineering for its high specific strength and stiffness, improved corrosion-resistance and multifunctionality. The design of multi-scale topology optimization for such structures has been a hot topic during the past two decades. In this paper, a new hybrid MMC-density topology optimization method of cellular structures with quasi-periodic microstructures is proposed. The so-called ‘quasi-periodic’ means the microstructures in different macro points have similar topology but with different parameters. The key idea is to describe the microstructural topology using MMC and describe the micro layout using the variable density. Sensitivities of the structural compliance with respect to the two types of design variables are derived and gradient optimization method is applied to update the design variables. The presented numerical examples show that the quasi-periodic cellular structures have better performance than single-scale structures and periodic cellular structures. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

For many disciplines of science, all conceivable collisional cross sections and reactions must be precisely known. Although the recent decades were a trial of large-scale research to give these data, many essential atomic and molecular cross section data still missing, and the reliability of the existing cross sections has to be validated. In this paper, we present electron stripping, electron capture, and system breakdown cross sections in carbon (C5+) ions and lithium (Li2+) ions collisions with atomic hydrogen based on the Monte Carlo models of classical and quasi-classical trajectories. According to our expectation, the QCTMC results show higher results in comparison to standard CTMC data, emphasizing the role of Heisenberg correction constraint, especially in the low energy regime. On the Other hand, at high energy, the Heisenberg correction term has less influence as a projectile momentum increase. We present the total cross sections of electron stripping, electron capture, and system breakdown in C5+ ions and Li2+ ions collisions with atomic hydrogen in the impact energy range from 10 keV to 160 keV, which is of interest in astrophysical plasmas, atmospheric sciences, plasma laboratories, and fusion research.

Nowadays, Multi-needle electrospinning has used to be an efficient method for producing nanofiber membranes. But in the process, the fluctuation errors in electrospinning fluid flow rate have directly influence the membrane quality, which bringing instability and still have not been solved yet. For finding out the solution to the inaccurate flow control in multi-needle, it is necessary to develop a multi-stage flow runner spinneret for large-scale production of nanofiber membrane. At first, the paper uses the finite element software COMSOL to numerically simulate the polymer flow in the runner of spinneret. Based on it, the velocity field distribution curve was draw and the velocity instability coefficient of the polymer flow was attained, which are providing theoretical guidance for the optimal design of spinneret. Next, the response surface analysis method (RSM) was used to establish a regression model between the average diameter of the nanofiber membrane and the process parameters. Then, above regression model used to perform variance data processing between the average diameter and the process parameter configuration. After that, the 2D and 3D response surface profiles and the significance analysis were completed. Finally, the stability of the nanofibers production was improved, which attained the optimal adjustment of process configuration in multi-needle electrospinning.

This article documents the rammed earth construction practices undertaken by Wang Shu’s team during the “Tiles Hill — New Reception Center for the Xiangshan Campus” project. This building not only embodies the principle of “learning from nature” inherent in traditional vernacular construction but also profoundly interprets the concept of “the craftsmanship way”. Traditional rammed earth techniques represent a sustainable construction method, with a core focus on material composition and building techniques. Through more than a decade of continuous research, the team, combining modern technology, explored how to revive this nearly forgotten vernacular construction method in contemporary architecture. The article further highlights that the recyclability of rammed earth techniques is not only reflected in the reuse of materials but also in the material‘s inherent friendliness and non-destructive nature to the natural environment. This process showcases the fusion of traditional craftsmanship with modern construction technology, as well as the inheritance and innovation of the artisan spirit.

Graphene foam prepared by chemical vapor deposition method is a promising thermal interfacial material. However, the thermal properties of graphene foam highly depend on the experimental fabrication conditions during the chemical vapor deposition process. Aiming to reveal how to prepare the appropriate graphene foam for the various thermal management scenarios, the influence of experimental conditions on thermal properties of graphene foam is investigated. Furthermore, the contribution of thermal conductivity and thermal radiation to the effective thermal coefficient of graphene foam is carried out for comparison. Research results show that, the porosity and the cross-section shape of struts of growth template are two critical factors to affect the thermal transport of graphene foam, especially with the increase of temperature. In addition, the deposition time of graphene determines the wall thickness and affects the thermal conductivity directly. The thermal radiation contributes more than thermal conductivity when the temperature climbs continuously. Comparatively, the effective thermal coefficient of graphene foam composite with high porosity and circular shape struts is much superior to others at high temperature. The research findings can provide important guidance for the graphene foam fabrication and its applications in the field of thermal management.

Transformations in agriculture not only change the ways in which natural resources and social capital are used, but are also a prerequisite for different opportunities to create added value and improve the viability of rural areas. The purpose of the article is to assess the differences and effects of transformations in agriculture in the Bulgarian regions. Based on statistical data from the Censuses of agricultural holdings in 2010 and 2020, the DEA analysis method was applied. Six models (3 input oriented and 3 output oriented) were constructed and tested, and the efficiency coefficients were assessed on regional level. The degree of structural changes and efficiency of the used production and other resources were evaluated and conclusions were drawn. In the majority of the models, differences are observed between the northern regions of the country and the South Western and South Central regions. The most significant are the efficiency coefficient of the labor force used and the output produced, the gross value added and the net mixed income. In the other models, multidirectional changes are observed. North Western is the region in which all calculated efficiency coefficients increase, and in North Eastern and South Eastern, the most calculated coefficients decrease.

In this paper, the boiling flow inside a nanochannel with 700000 argon particle has been simulated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. This approach has been employed to analysis the superheated flow and its heat transfer pattern as well. For all simulations an external thrust force varying from 1 PN to 12 PN is exerted on inlet nanoparticles along the channel to have the forced annular boiling flow. Computations reveal that saturation condition and superheat degree have significant impacts on the liquid-vapor interface. Furthermore, because of the major influence of surface tension throughout a nanochannel, the x-velocity of liquid film and vapor core has not considerable fluctuations and stay smooth. All provided results show the behaviors completely similar to the available outcomes in the literature.

This study addresses the enhancement of material efficiency and reduction of brittleness in timber-to-concrete adhesive connections for beam-type timber and timber-concrete composite panels. The research explores the potential benefits of adding longitudinal timber ribs to Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) beam-type panels. Three groups of flexure-tested specimens were analysed: (1) timber panels (1400 mm × 400 mm) with two 100 mm thick CLT panels and two 60 mm thick CLT panels reinforced with 150x80 mm timber ribs; (2) eight specimens (600 mm × 100 mm × 150 mm) with CLT members (600 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm) connected to a 50 mm concrete layer using granite chips and Sikadur-31 (AB) epoxy adhesive; (3) six CLT panels (1400 mm × 400 mm × 50 mm) bonded to a 50 mm concrete layer, with two panels containing polypropylene microfibers and two panels incorporating polyethene dowels for mechanical connection. Specimens were subjected to three-point bending tests and analysed using the transformed section method, γ-method, and finite element method with ANSYS 2023R2 software. Results indicated a 53% increase in load-carrying capacity for ribbed CLT panels with no additional material consumption, a 24.8%-41.1% increase for CLT panels strengthened with a concrete layer, and improved ductility and prevention of disintegration in timber-concrete composites with polypropylene microfibers.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction and involves intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, with potentially serious consequences for affected patients. (1–3). Although nocturnal polysomnography is the gold standard, it is an exam that is not readily available and is very expensive. (4). Hence, the need to find new diagnostic methods. Considering that the causes of OSAS can be divided into anatomical-structural ones, related to craniofacial anomalies, it has been hypothesized that anthropometric measurements taken by new 3D stereophotogrammetric systems could be useful as a diagnostic tool in pediatric patients with OSAS (5) (6). The primary objective of the study is, therefore, to evaluate the correlation between mandibular length measured between menton and gonion, obtained through 3D stereophotogrammetry using the "Face Scanner maxi 6", and the severity of OSAS (AHI classification), defined by the score of the Sleep Clinical Record (SCR) questionnaire in a group of pediatric patients with suspected obstructive sleep disorders. The secondary objective concerns the identification of possible correlations between other mandibular parameters estimated by 3D stereophotogrammetry and the severity of OSAS, defined by the McGill Oximetry Score (MOS), and the association between MOS and SCR to determine the AHI level. Materials and methods: The study considered patients who were prescribed a pulseoximetry exam due to suspected obstructive sleep disorders. All participating patients underwent a specialized orthodontic examination, which included completing the SCR questionnaire and taking facial photographs using a 3D stereophotogrammetric system. The SCR questionnaire considers 11 dental, nasal, oropharyngeal, and facial phenotype parameters to determine a final score from 0 to 18, indicating the risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The acquired stereophotogrammetric images were processed using dedicated software to obtain a three-dimensional model representing the patient's facial phenotype. Subsequently, anatomical landmarks and relevant anthropometric measurements were identified on the model, and it was assessed whether one or more of these showed concordance criteria with the parameters derived from SCR and MOS. The anthropometric evaluation was performed by expert operators, taking into account mandibular variables. Results: Fifteen patients were analyzed, with 2 excluded due to alterations in the stereophotogrammetric images caused by poor patient cooperation during the acquisition of the photographs. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between anthropometric measurements, obtained by 3D stereophotogrammetry, and OSAS severity, by means of SCR, MOS, and SCR+MOS. A significant and negative correlation was observed between right mandibular length (gonion-menton) and MOS (ρ=−0.586, p=0.036). Conclusions: The result obtained has important implications for the field of study and suggests that future attention should focus more on the mandibular length variable as a determining factor for OSAS. However, the sample examined was relatively small, which might obscure the correlation with contralateral mandibular length and potential correlations with other mandibular/facial parameters. Additionally, the small sample size prevented stratification by sex and age. The study thus provides an important contribution to understanding the relationships between 3D stereophotogrammetry and pediatric OSAS but also highlights the need for further research that could potentially influence future developments in diagnosing OSAS in children.

This paper addresses the analysis for the nonlinear vibration response of a rectangular tube with a flexible end and non-rigid acoustic boundaries. This is a further work of the linear structural acoustic problem in a well-known acoustic book. In fact, the acoustic boundaries of an enclosed space sometimes are non-rigid and the structural vibration responses are nonlinear. These two points are the focuses of this paper. The multi-level residue harmonic balance method is applied to this nonlinear structural acoustic problem. The results obtained from the multi-level residue harmonic balance method and numerical method are generally in good agreement. The effects of excitation magnitude, tube length, and phase shift parameter etc. are examined.

Ambulatory heart rate (HR) monitors that acquire electrocardiogram (ECG) or/and photoplethysmographm (PPG) signals from the torso, wrists, or ears are notably less accurate in tasks associated with high levels of movement compared to clinical measurements. However, reliable estimation of HR can be obtained through data fusion from different sensors. These methods are especially suitable for multimodal hearable devices, where heart rate can be tracked from different modalities, including electrical ECG, optical PPG, and sounds (heart tones). Combined information from different modalities can compensate for single source limitations. In this paper, we evaluate the possible application of data fusion methods in hearables. We assess data fusion for heart rate estimation from simultaneous in-ear ECG and in-ear PPG, recorded on eight subjects while performing 5-minute sitting and walking tasks. Our findings show that data fusion methods provide a similar level of mean absolute error as the best single-source heart rate estimation but with much lower intra-subject variability, especially during walking activities. We conclude that data fusion methods provide more robust HR estimation than a single cardiovascular signal. These methods can enhance the performance of wearable devices, especially multimodal hearables, in heart rate tracking during physical activity.

This study examines the overall needs of the green construction scheme with ‘carbon neutrality’ as the centre in the Zhejiang provincial green development target area. By aggregating and organising the construction and development data of Zhejiang Province, the entropy weight TOPSIS model is formed according to the statistical modelling for quantitative examination of the data, and the scientific assessment scheme of ‘carbon neutrality’ in the regional construction industry of Zhejiang Province is developed. This study aids in completely exhibiting and dynamically understanding the advancement of the ‘carbon neutral’ capacity of the urban construction industry. The objective is to discover the weak link in the advancement of carbon neutrality in several regional construction industries, which is of great relevance for further examining and forecasting the strategic outlook of carbon neutrality and modifying the planning of carbon neutrality strategy in special regional construction industries.

This paper introduces a novel framework for zero-shot learning (ZSL), i.e., to recognize new categories that are unseen during training, by distilling knowledge from foundation models. Specifically, we first employ ChatGPT and DALL-E to synthesize reference images of unseen categories from text prompts. Then, the test image is aligned with text and reference images using CLIP and DINO. Finally, the predicted logits are aggregated according to their confidence to produce the final prediction.Experiments are conducted on multiple datasets, including CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and TinyImageNet. The results demonstrate that our model can significantly improve classification accuracy compared to previous approaches, achieving AUROC scores above 96\% across all test datasets. Our code is available at https://github.com/1134112149/MICW-ZIC.

Recently, cases of antifreeze poisoning in companion animals, particularly cats, have surged in the Republic of Korea. Ethylene glycol (EG), the toxic primary component of antifreeze, is metabolized into glycolic acid (GA), leading to severe conditions such as metabolic acidosis and acute renal failure. Traditional detection methods, although effective, are often time-consuming owing to complex sample preparation. This study involved a novel analytical method utilizing GC-MS for EG and LC-MS/MS for GA detection, which streamlined the detection process by eliminating the need for derivatization. The method was validated for accuracy and reliability, enabling the rapid and precise identification of EG and GA in biological samples. The study also included the successful application of this method in a case where initial exposure to antifreeze was not apparent, which highlighted the effectiveness of this method in diagnosing poisoning even in cases where clinical history is unclear. The development of this rapid diagnostic approach addresses the urgent need for the efficient detection of antifreeze poisoning, improving animal welfare and supporting forensic investigations.

The paper presents the problem of damage detection in steel girders. Static displacements at the selected point of the structure play the role of measured variables. Structural response signal decomposition is performed according to the Mallat pyramid algorithm, which is used to perform the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). This procedure allows us to quite well determine the location of structural damage. The geometry and the placement of any defective part of the structure may have a random character. It can be assumed that the random processes occurring in the broadly understood structure mechanics are Gaussian in nature. The first four probabilistic moments are estimated using three approaches independent: semi-analytical (SAM), perturbative (SPT), and Monte-Carlo simulations (MCS). The semi-analytical random approach seems to be the most optimal due to the necessary computation time. The incorporation of the mathematical stochastic apparatus into the classical (deterministic) analysis of the statics of the structure makes it possible to estimate the reliability measures of the analyzed girder.

The high performance of liquid chromatography(HPLC) has long been an indispensable tool for vigilance and analysis across range disciplines such as pharmaceuticals, environmental monitoring, food safety attributes etc. We will discuss about HPLC method development and validation, types of liquid chromatography methods focusing on proper use of a mobile phase like an eluent selection, how to optimize the conditions as well take it through its various procedures required for approval from regulatory bodies. Strategies to improve method robustness, sensitivity and reproducibility are highlighted. The future breakthroughs in HPLC technology and some innovative trends have also been speculated to limit this fundamental methodology.

The development of the finite element method (FEM) combined block polynomial interpolation with the concepts of finite difference formats and the variation principle. Because of this combination, FEM overcomes the shortcomings of traditional variation methods while maintaining the benefits of current variation methods and the flexibility of the finite difference method. As a result, FEM is an advancement above the traditional variation methods. The aim of the study is to experimentally determine the thermal behavior of two stomatognathic systems, one control and the other presenting orthodontic treatment by means of a fixed metallic orthodontic appliance, both being subjected to several thermal regimes. In order to carry out this experimental study, we examined the case of a female subject, who was diagnosed with Angle class I malocclusion. The patient underwent a bimaxillary CBCT investigation before initiating the orthodontic treatment. A three-dimensional model with fully closed surfaces was obtained by using the InVesalius and Geomagic programs. Like the tissues examined in the patient, bracket and tube-like components, as well as orthodontic wires, can be included to these models. Once it is finished and geometrically accurate, the model is exported to a FEM-using program, such as Ansys Workbench. The intention was to study the behavior of two stomatognathic systems (with and without a fixed metallic orthodontic appliance) subjected to very hot food (70 ⁰C) and very cold food (-18 ⁰C). From the analysis of the obtained data, it was concluded that, following the simulations carried out in the presence of the fixed metallic orthodontic appliance, significantly higher temperatures were generated in the dental pulp.

Sandblasting materials used for dental restoration is a valuable preconditioning technique enhancing the physical properties and promotes osseointegration and cell adhesion. Ti medical grade 4 and Ti6Al4V were blasted with a series of various naturally occurring and synthetically produced spraying materials of controlled granulometry, at precise spraying duration and spraying pressure, and the results were analyzed in terms of the obtained surface roughness and by SEM analysis. It was found that in all cases, regardless of the spraying material or working conditions, the roughness profile achieved is a uniformly distributed one. A reduction in the blasting pressure by half led to a decrease in the roughness between 30 and 35%. The use of glass balls as blasting material led to decreased roughness and a more uniformly distributed roughness values for Ti as well as for Ti6Al4V regardless of spraying duration or applied pressure comparing to other spraying materials, and blasting with olivine led to increased, as well as uniformly distributed values, and hence the conclusion that one may control the roughness size by choosing one or another from the above materials, without the need of changing any other operating parameters. In the case of Ti, the achieved roughness is greater than in the case of Ti4Al6V, irrelevant of the blasting material, the differences being smaller the softer the sandblasting material due to the fact that Ti alloys have better mechanical properties and increased hardness comparing to pure Ti. SEM analysis showed that the use of sintered hydroxyapatite as an additive to the blasting material does not necessarily lead to a substantial deposition of hydroxyapatite on the substrate materials, only traces of it being identified during the analysis.

Distributed/semi-distributed models are considered to be sensitive to the spatial resolution of the data input. In this paper, we take a small catchment in high urbanized Yangtze River Delta, Qinhuai catchment as study area, to analyze the impact of spatial resolution of precipitation and the potential evapotranspiration (PET) on the long-term runoff and flood runoff process. The data source includes the TRMM precipitation data, FEWS download PET data, and the interpolated metrological station data. GIS/RS technique was used to collect and pre-process the geographical, precipitation and PET series, which were then served as the input of CREST (Coupled Routing and Excess Storage) model to simulate the runoff process. The results clearly showed that, the CREST model is applicable to the Qinhuai catchment; the spatial resolution of precipitation had strong influence on the modelled runoff results and the metrological precipitation data cannot be substituted by the TRMM data in small catchment; the CREST model was not sensitive to the spatial resolution of the PET data, while the estimation fourmula of the PET data was correlated with the model quality. This paper focused on the small urbanized catchment, suggesting the influential explanatory variables for the model performance, and providing reliable reference for the study in similar area.

(1) Background: A simple approach to map irrigated landcover has been introduced by using measures derived from optical spectral range as an alternative to thermal range. It has been demonstrated that substituting surface temperature (Ts, ‘thermal approach’) with SWIR transformed reflectance (STR, ‘optical approach’) to detect surface moisture is feasible with comparable results. (2) Methods: Using an iterative thresholding procedure to minimize within-class variance, the bilevel segmentation of variables derived from Landsat-8 representing surface moisture and vegetation cover was achieved for the 2020-21 summer for a key irrigation district in Australia. (3) Results: The results of irrigated landcover by optical approach found to be comparable with those by thermal approach. The classification accuracy was assessed using water delivery records at farm level. Though the overall accuracy is high in both cases, the optical approach (97.6%) performed slightly better than the thermal approach (93.9%). (4) Conclusions: The feasibility of using STR to map irrigated landcover has been confirmed by a high-level overall accuracy assessment. This has broader implications in terms of irrigated landcover assessment, as the use of satellite imagery in these applications may not necessarily be limited to microwave or thermal sensors.

In steel structures, oblique thin steel plates serve as panel zones in structures spanning large spaces (e.g., warehouses and gymnasiums). Considerable research has been conducted on the shear buckling of panels due to seismic loads acting on a structure. Conversely, under snow or wind loads, the panel zone may experience compressive and tensile stresses simultaneously from two directions. Considering the economic preference for thin steel plates, evaluating the elastic critical local buckling stresses in the panel zone under biaxial normal stress may provide essential information to structural engineers. In this study, an elastic buckling analysis based on the energy method is performed to clarify the impact of panel geometry and boundary conditions on the elastic local buckling stresses of oblique panel zones. As confirmed, the buckling stresses derived from the energy method could simulate the local buckling stresses with accuracy comparable to that of finite element analysis, and an engineer-friendly design formula was proposed. Finally, we determined the correlation of the buckling stresses under biaxial stresses and presented a method for evaluating this correlation. Engineers can utilize the provided design equations to more efficiently and accurately calculate buckling loads, facilitating safer and more economical design of structures with oblique plates.

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is a fast-developing battery technology, and the key to its reliability and lifespan improvement lies in the accurate assessment of durability. However, the degradation mechanism of PEMFC is hard to determine and its internal parameters are highly coupled. Thus, the development of the more accurate life prediction model that meets the actual scenarios is urgent to investigate. To solve this problem, a multi-feature fusion life prediction method based on Temporal Convolutional Network-Gated Recurrent Unit (TCN-GRU) is proposed. A TCN algorithm is used as the prediction base model, and two GRU modules are included to the model to strengthen the model expression ability and improve its predictive accuracy. Two widely recognized datasets and two operating conditions are utilized for model training and prediction, respectively. Comparisons are made with single-feature parameter models in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Determination Coefficient (R2). The results show that the prediction accuracy of the TCN-GRU multi-feature fusion model is higher than that of the single-feature models in terms of stability and anti-interference under both operating conditions. Furthermore, with the increase of input feature parameters, the TCN-GRU model is closer to the real value, which proves once again that the proposed model can meet the accuracy requirements of the life prediction of PEMFC.

Revealing the spatial distribution mechanism of the coupling effect between soil water and salt is essential for managing saline-alkali farmland. This study utilized the multifractal method to analyze soil water and salt under varying water content levels in arid saline-alkali farmland. Soil samples were collected on the second (S1), fifth (S2), eighth (S3), eleventh (S4), and fourteenth (S5) days after a rainfall event. The findings showed that a significant decrease in soil water content, contrasting with an increase in soil salt content throughout the soil layers post-rainfall. As water content decreased, the spatial variability of soil water initially increased from S1-3 and then decreased, while the spatial variability of soil salt decreased. The spatial distribution between soil water and salt exhibited a high correlation at S3-4 (with relative water content of soil ranging from 0.52 to 0.75) due to their coupling effect. However, soil salt was unevenly leached by rainfall at high water content levels (S1-2) and precipitated at low water content levels (S5), resulting in low spatial variability correlations between soil water and salt. This study elucidated the coupling process of soil water and salt, identifying their spatiotemporal distribution mechanism in dryland agricultural areas.

In this work, we consider a one-dimensional laminated beam in the case of non-equal wave speeds with only one infinite memory on the effective rotation angle. In this case, we establish the general decay result for the energy of solution without any kind of internal or boundary control. The main result is obtained by applying the method used in Guesmia et al. (Electron. J. Differential Equations 193: 1-45, 2012) and the second-order energy.

Techniques for monitoring calcium carbonate and silica deposits (scale) in geothermal power plants and hot spring facilities using fiber optic sensors have already been reported. These sensors continuously measure changes in light transmittance with a detector, and when applied to field tests, require the installation of a power supply and sensor monitoring equipment. However, in some sites, a power supply may not be available, or a specialist skilled in handling scale sensors is required. To overcome this problem, we have developed a method for evaluating scale formation based on a batch process that can be used by anyone. In other words, this method involves depositing scale on a section of the optical fiber sensor, then fusing this section to the optical fiber and measuring it. Using this sensor, a technician in the field can simply place the sensor at the desired location, collect the samples at any given time, and send them to the laboratory to measure the transmittance. This simple and easy method were achieved by using a hetero-core type of fiber optic. This evaluation method can measure with the same sensitivity as conventional real-time methods, while the transmittance response corresponds to the saturation index (SI) changes of scale components in the solution due to increases in temperature and concentration. In the field of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS), this evaluation method can be used to quantitatively measure the formation of carbonate minerals, and it can also be used as an indicator for determining the conditions for CO2 mineral fixation, as well as in experiments using batch-type autoclaves in the laboratory testing. It is also expected to be used in geothermal power plants as an evaluation method for scale formation such as amorphous silica and to prevent agents that hinder stable operation.

Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the major skin bacteria that cause the formation of acne. The present study was conducted to investigate antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of cinnamon bark, honey and their combination against acne bacteria. The antibacterial activity of extract of cinnamon bark and honey were investigated against P. acnes and S. epidermidis using disc diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were performed using Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) methods. The interaction combination between extract of cinnamon bark and honey was determined by using a checkerboards method. The results showed that he MIC of extract of cinnamon bark and honey against P. acne were 256 µg/mL and 50% v/v, respectively, while against S. epidermidis were 1024 µg/mL and 50% v/v, respectively. The MBC of extract of cinnamon against P. acnes and S. epidermidis were more than 2048 µg/mL, whereas the MBC for honey against P. acnes and S. epidermidis were 100%. The combination of cinnamon bark extract and honey against against P. acnes and S. epidermidis, showed additive activity with the FICI value 0.625. Therefore, the combination of extract of cinnamon bark and honey has potential activity against acne causing bacteria.

This paper reviews numerical methods used to simulate desiccation cracks in clayey soils. It examines five numerical approaches: Finite Element (FEM), Lattice Boltzmann (LBM), Discrete Element (DEM), Cellular Automaton (CAM), and Phase Field (PFM) Methods. The FEM is widely used to capture moisture diffusion, shrinkage, and cracking during drying. LBM is used to simulate fluid flow in clayey soils, while the DEM focuses on capturing the behavior of individual particles and their interactions. CAM simplifies crack evolution with computational efficiency, while PFM provides a continuous representation of crack formation and propagation. The author discusses the complexity of the problem, the continuum mechanics governing and constitutive equations that describe it, and the influence of various factors such as the multiphase nature of soils, heterogeneity, nonlinearities, coupling, scales of analysis, and computational aspects. The review highlights the characteristics, strengths, and limitations of each method. It emphasizes the importance of appropriate method selection for every problem depending on the aim of the analysis. The article concludes by reviewing the integration of multiple numerical methods to enhance the simulation of desiccation cracks in clayey soils.

This paper presents a dynamic homotopy technique that can be used to calculate a preliminary result for a power flow problem (PFP). This result can then be used as an initial estimate to efficiently solve the PFP using either the classical Newton-Raphson (NR) method or its fast decoupled version (FDXB) while still maintaining high accuracy. The preliminary stage for the dynamic homotopy problem is formulated and solved by employing integration techniques, where implicit and explicit schemes are studied. The dynamic problem assumes an initial condition that coincides with the initial estimate for a traditional iterative method such as NR. In this sense, the initial guess for the FPF is adequately set as a flat start, which is a starting for the case when this initialization is of difficult assignment for convergence. The static homotopy method requires a complete solution of a PFP per homotopy pathway point, while the dynamic homotopy is based on numerical integration methods. This approach can require only one LU factorization at each point of the pathway. Allocating these points properly helps avoid several PFP resolutions to build the pathway. The hybrid technique was evaluated for large-scale systems with poor conditioning, such as a 109272-bus model and other test systems under stressed conditions. A scheme based on the implicit backward Euler scheme demonstrated the best performance among other numerical solvers studied. It provided reliable partial results for the dynamic homotopy problem, which proved to be suitable for achieving fast and highly accurate solutions using both the NR and FDXB solvers.

Sustainable development advocates for an environmentally friendly and resource-saving approach, fostering a new quality of productivity that is green and sustainable, and achieving a sustainable development where the economy and the environment are in harmony. The paper is based on clarifying the effects of coordinated development between the economy and the environment, and by establishing an indicator system, applying a remote sensing ecological index, entropy weight method, gray relational degree model, and a coupling coordination model, the relationship of coordinated development of Ordos in 2016-2022 is analyzed from a spatial-temporal perspective. The results are as follows: ① The years of coordinated development between the ecological environment and the economy are in the majority, while the uncoordinated years are fewer. ② The level of coordinated development between the ecological environment and the economy in the various regions of Ordos has been increasing year by year, but it still remains at the barely coordinated and primary coordinated levels. ③ The types of coordinated development between the ecological environment and the economy in Ordos exhibit significant spatial differentiation in terms of spatial distribution and clustering.Therefore, it is necessary to formulate coordinated development policies and measures according to the constraining factors of different regions.

The general synthesis of boron-containing cyclic compounds (boracycles) necessitates toxic organotin precursors or highly reactive boron halides. Here we report the synthesis of seven- and five-membered boracycles utilizing arylboronic acid pinacol esters (ArBpins) as stable boron sources. Grignard reagents generated from 2,2′-dibromodibenzyl or 2,2′-dibromobiphenyl reacted with ArBpins, where Ar = 9-anthryl (Anth), 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl (Mes), 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl (Tip), to give 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]borepins or dibenzoborole derivatives. This Bpin-based method was successfully applied to a one-shot double boracycle formation, providing a dihydrodibenzoborepin–anthracene–dihydrodibenzoborepin triad molecule in a good yield. The dihydrodibenzoborepin bearing the Anth group was directly converted to the unsaturated borepin by NBS/AIBN. All products were characterized by NMR, HRMS, and in some cases, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Additionally, the photophysical properties of the products are also reported.

Functional graded materials (FGMs) have been successfully applied in improving the insulation performance of insulators, yet there is currently no relevant literature on their application in dry-type transformers. Therefore, it is meaningful to study on the feasibility of using FGMs to improve the insulation performance of dry-type transformers through research on electric field distribution. This paper sets FGMs in the dry-type transformer spacer only or both spacer and winding end to change the relative permittivity values in the corresponding areas. By comparing the electric field distribution characteristics on the inner and outer surfaces of the high-voltage coil and the lower surface of the spacer of the dry-type transformer under each control method with the case without setting FGMs, the study found that when FGMs were only set on the spacer, the control methods set in this paper could not improve the electric field distribution of the transformer. When FGMs are employed at the spacers and end windings, two modulation strategies can mitigate the electric field intensity on the outer surface of high-voltage windings. Specifically, a continuous increase in relative permittivity can reduce the electric field intensity by 34.02%, while an initial decrease followed by an increase can result in a reduction of 13.58%. This paper provides theoretical guidance for insulation design of transformers with high voltage levels of 66 kV and above, especially as transformers with high voltage levels face greater challenges in regulating surface electric fields.

This paper aims to explore the relationship between airfoil deformation and airfoil aerial-aquatic adaptation. The form of “flexible skin and rigid drive structura” holds immense potential for various applications. In this study, we utilize the B-spline method to parametrically describe the airfoil shape. An airfoil deformation parameterization method is proposed based on the isogeometric method. This method allows us to depict airfoil deformation as the position and displacement of the driving point, enabling an expression of the flexible skin's deformation driven by the internal structure. We utilize the Xfoil application and Gaussian regression method to elucidate the relationship between driving point position and displacement and the airfoil's dynamic performance. Additionally, we employ the Sobol method to assess the sensitivity of the driving point variables to the airfoil's dynamic performance. Our findings indicate that the attack angle of the airfoil exhibits the highest sensitivity index to the airfoil's dynamic performance. Furthermore, variables of the driving point situated at the leading and trailing edges of the lower surface significantly impact the airfoil lift coefficient, those located at the mid-section of the upper surface have a considerable effect on the airfoil drag coefficient.

Formidable and often seemingly insurmountable conceptual, technical, and methodological challenges hamper the measurement of oxidative stress in humans. For instance, fraught and flawed methods, such as the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay kits for lipid peroxidation, rate-limit progress. To advance translational redox research, we present ten comprehensive “cheat codes” for measuring oxidative stress in humans. The cheat codes include analytical approaches to assess reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, biomarkers of oxidative damage and redox regulation. They provide essential conceptual, technical, and methodological information inclusive of curated “do” and “don’t” guidelines. Given the biochemical complexity of oxidative stress, we present a research question-grounded decision tree guide for selecting the most appropriate cheat code (s) to implement in a prospective human experiment. Worked examples demonstrate the benefits of the decision tree-based cheat code selection tool. The ten cheat codes define an invaluable resource for measuring oxidative stress in humans.

Imperfection sensitivity of large amplitude vibration of curved single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is considered in this study. The SWCNT is modeled as a Timoshenko nano-beam and its curved shape is included as an initial geometric imperfection term in the displacement field. Geometric nonlinearities of von Kármán type and nonlocal elasticity theory of Eringen are employed to derive governing equations of motion of nano-beam. Spatial discretization of governing equations and associated boundary conditions is performed using differential quadrature (DQ) method and the corresponding nonlinear eigenvalue problem is iteratively solved. Effects of value and location of the geometric imperfection, and the nonlocal small-scale parameter on the nonlinear frequency ratio and imperfection sensitivity of a curved SWCNT for various boundary conditions are investigated. The results show that the geometric imperfection plays a significant role in the nonlinear vibration characteristics of curved SWCNTs.

The external bonding system using CFRP composite was widely used for strengthening of different structures worldwide. However, premature debonding in this strengthening technique is the critical failure that leads to the fiber not reaching its ultimate capacity. In order to enhance the capacity of the externally bonded (EB) FRP and to slow the premature debonding failure mechanism, numerous anchoring techniques have been applied to improve the bonding capacity. The externally-bonded reinforcement on grooves (EBROG) technology is one of the strategies that have been recently developed to postponing the debonding issue. Although the extensive studies have been conducted in literature on (EBROG) method, most of these studies have been focused on the bonding characteristics of longitudinal grooves direction, and there is lack in studies about effect of different design and configurations (width, height, and spacing) of transverse grooves direction. In present study, an experimental investigation was carried out to study the bond behavior of the externally bonded reinforcement on transverse grooves (EBROTG) technique on the CFRP-to-concrete joints involving different parameters, including groove width, depth, spaces between grooves, strain values, and bond stress-slip relationships. 24 concrete prisms, divided into 8 groups of three specimens, were tested using a single-lap shear test set-up. The result of testing proved that the EBROTG method furnished a proper anchor system and highly enhanced the bonding force of the tests. The increasing range in bond strength with the specimens reinforced by the transverse grooving method was ranging from 11 to 86 % compared with the externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) reflecting the effect of different width, depth and distance between grooves

We propose a neural-network-based watermarking method that introduces the quantized activation function that approximates the quantization of JPEG compression. Many neural-network-based watermarking methods have been proposed. Conventional methods have acquired robustness against various attacks by introducing an attack simulation layer between the embedding network and the extraction network. The quantization process of JPEG compression was replaced by the noise addition process in the attack layer of the conventional methods. In this paper, we propose a quantized activation function that can simulate the JPEG quantization standard as it is in order to improve the robustness against the JPEG compression. Our quantized activation function consists of several hyperbolic tangent functions and is applied as an activation function for neural networks. Our network was introduced in the attack layer of ReDMark proposed by Ahmadi et al. to compare it with their method. That is, the embedding and extraction networks had the same structure. We compared the usual JPEG compressed images and the images applying the quantized activation function. The results showed that a network with quantized activation functions can approximate JPEG compression with high accuracy. We also compared the bit error rate (BER) of estimated watermarks generated by our network with those generated by ReDMark. We found that our network was able to produce estimated watermarks with lower BERs than those of ReDMark. Therefore, our network outperformed the conventional method with respect to image quality and BER.

Dental implantology has evolved greatly as a result of the application of biomechanical engineering concepts, notably the utilization of additive manufacturing technologies that recreate the intricate architecture of real bone. This technique intends to improve functional compatibility with bone tissue while also addressing continuing problems of stress distribution inside dental implants. The research examines two types of dental implants: fully gyroid latticed and hybrid gyroid latticed with a solid neck, comprising three different cell sizes—FI-111, FI-222, FI-333, and their hybrid equivalents HI-111, HI-222, and HI-333. Traditional solid implants often cause stress shielding, which reduces long-term osseointegration and implant durability. Developed using nTopology for lattice configuration and meshing, this design undergoes a comprehensive stress analysis using finite element analysis (FEA). The study seeks to determine the most efficient implant design by maximizing stress distribution and mechanical stiffness. Analyses suggest that hybrid latticed implants, notably the HI-222 type, possess superior mechanical characteristics. These implants successfully balance stiffness and flexibility, reducing stress concentrations and improving stress distribution throughout the implant structure. This balance is critical for decreasing micromotions at the bone-implant interface, boosting osseointegration, and, ultimately, increasing implant longevity and success rates in clinical settings. The paper describes a substantial redesign of dental implants by combining biomechanical engineering and modern additive manufacturing. The novel proposed hybrid structure not only addresses typical challenges such as stress shielding, but it also establishes new standards in implantology, potentially leading to better clinical results and patient quality of life. This complete approach emphasizes the ability of personalized implant designs to fulfill individual clinical demands, indicating a significant improvement in dental treatment technology.

An influenza A virus (H3N2) with an envelope with the same structure as COVID-19 was used for antiviral testing of material surfaces, in comparison with some results of feline calicivirus. The evaluation method used was the film adhesion method, in which the virus solution is placed on the material and adhered to it using a film. The evaluation method was based on the film adhesion method, in which the virus solution is placed on the material and adhered with a film, and the plaque method, in which the cell virus is allowed to infect the material and form plaques, but the appropriate virus concentration must be adjusted to observe the plaques. When not under that restriction, the plaques are often incomplete; this is observed. For this reason, this study applied an area measurement method that can reflect viral activity even when plaques are not obtained. This study revealed that different types of metallic materials have different antiviral properties. Specifically, the antiviral activity of iron, carbon steel, and nickel was relatively high, while that of stainless steel and titanium was relatively low. The order of antiviral activity was as follows: Fe, SS400, Ni, SUS316L, SUS304, and Ti.

At present, under the background of high-quality development and the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goal, China’s economic structure, industrial structure and energy structure have all begun green transformation and upgrading. The supply chain has become an important starting point for energy conservation and carbon reduction. In this context, enterprises have also ushered in huge environmental risk challenges and innovative development opportunities. This paper adopts Entropy-Weighted TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method to analyze the green supply chain performance of "B" company, a new energy leading company, based on the theory of green development and corporate social responsibility. By establishing a green supply chain evaluation criteria system including four dimensions of finance performance, environment performance, operation performance and innovation performance, the weight of each evaluation criterion is objectively analyzed and calculated, and the green supply chain performance of "B" company from 2018 to 2022 is ranked. Based on this, comprehensive evaluations and sub-dimension evaluation are carried out and suggestions for improvement are put forward. At the same time, we hope to help other new energy vehicle companies optimize their own green supply chain practice mode.

In Burkina Faso, there is lack of awareness of antibiotics use at community level. In this study, we generate information on the commonly used antibiotics along with the reasons for which they have been used, in rural Burkina Faso. The ‘drug bag’ method, was employed to collect information from 423 households, in the health district of Nanoro. Descriptive analyses were performed using R software version 4.2.1. The number of self-reported antibiotic use on a regular basis was estimated at 3401 of which amoxicillin was reported 367 times (10.8 %), oxytetracycline was reported 288 times (8.5 %), ampicillin, 245 times (7.2 %), metronidazole, 239 times (7 %), and norfloxacin 223 times (6.6 %). Among the health complaints for which amoxicillin was used, wounds accounted for 28.5% (88/309) and gastrointestinal disorders 17.1% (53/309). For oxytetracycline, gastrointestinal disorders accounted for 57.1% (121/212) and wounds 22.64% (48/212). The study highlights the use of antibiotics for a range of health problems within the community, as well as antibiotics that appeared to of importance in people’s life. Further research is essential to elucidating the rationalities and logic reasoning underlying such use of antibiotics.

(1) Background: The rapid evolution of the internet and technological infrastructure has led to a surge in data generation across various contexts, increasing the use of machine learning tools to extract valuable information. Clustering, particularly using the K-means algorithm, is a common technique. However, determining the optimal number of clusters in K-means is challenging, as traditional methods like the elbow method can be imprecise and subjective. This study proposes a more accurate and objective method to identify the optimal number of clusters. (2) Methods: The proposed method utilizes the numerical derivative of cluster inertias and the maximum value of the ratio between contiguous derivatives. Implemented in Python using sklearn, numpy, and matplotlib, the method was validated with synthetic datasets generated by artificial intelligence, where cluster numbers are clearly distinguishable. (3) Results: The method proved to be more precise and less subjective than the traditional elbow method, accurately identifying the optimal number of clusters in all tested synthetic datasets. Additionally, it demonstrated computational efficiency with minimal RAM usage and execution time, making it suitable for practical data analysis applications. (4) Conclusions: This new mathematical and computational method significantly improves the determination of the optimal number of clusters in K-means, offering a more accurate and objective alternative to traditional techniques. Future work will extend this method to hierarchical clustering and develop a cloud service for wider accessibility.

The mesoporous heteroatom molecular sieve MCM-41 bulk crystals with the crystalline phase were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method using an ionic complex as template. The ionic complex template was formed by interaction between cetyltrimethylammonium ions and metal complex ion [M (EDTA)]2- (M=Co or Ni ). The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The results showed that the materials possess a highly ordered mesoporous structure with the crystalline phase and possess high uniform ordered arrangement channels. The structure is in the vertical cross directions with a crystalline size of about 12 µm and high specific surface areas. The metal atoms were incorporated into the zeolite frameworks in the form of octahedral coordinate and have a uniform distribution in the materials. The amount of metal complexes formed by metal ion and EDTA is an essential factor for the formation of the vertical cross structure. Comparing to Si-MCM-41, the samples exhibited better conversion, higher selectivity for cumene cracking.

In this work is proposed a new unsupervised method to evaluate the behavior of urban green areas in presence of heatwave scenarios analyzing the NDVI, NDMI and LST satellite data. To evaluate how these three indices characterize urban green areas during periods of heat waves, a reclassification of the data raster of each index is carried out. Rather than using standard classifications of the three indices, an unsupervised classification approach is proposed that uses the Elbow method to determine the optimal number of classes and the Jenks thematic classification method. Each class is assigned a Gaussian fuzzy set with means and standard deviations equal to that of the associated thematic class. The green urban areas are classified using zonal statistics operators and the degree of membership in the corresponding fuzzy set is used to assess the reliability of the classification. Finally, for each type of greenery the frequencies of belonging to the NDVI, NDMI and LST classes are analyzed to evaluate the behavior of the type of urban greenery during heatwaves. The framework was tested in an urban area consisting of the city of Naples (Italy). The results show that some types of greenery, such as deciduous forests and olive groves, are not very vulnerable to heatwave scenarios, unlike uncultivated areas which, instead, show critical behaviors during heatwaves.

Heavy metal pollution poses a significant threat to ecosystems and human health worldwide. In response to this pressing issue, bioremediation has emerged as a promising approach for mitigating contamination. This paper adopts a bibliographic method to explore the key techniques and applications of bioremediation. Furthermore, we delve into the most prominent threats to human environmental health and the corresponding remediation methods. Additionally, we discuss the future trajectory of bioremediation research, with a particular focus on the integration of big data and machine learning technologies. These advanced methodologies hold great potential for enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of environmental remediation efforts in the face of escalating pollution challenges.

This paper presents a methodology based on deep learning models and metaheuristic algorithms for the optimization of airfoils for the design of aircraft wings with large endurance. The use of AZTLI-NN (a neural network with an architecture composed of a multilayer perceptron and a variational autoencoder) is implemented for the prediction of graphs of the aerodynamic coefficients of the airfoil as a function of the angle of attack. This neural network presents good predictions of the aerodynamic coefficients, similar to the coefficients obtained with computational fluid dynamics simulations. AZTLI-NN in combination of metaheuristic algorithms and the CST profile parameterization method show excellent performance in single-objective and multi-objective profile optimization tasks.

An innovative approach is utilized in this paper to solve the Fractional Fokker–Planck–Levy (FFPL) equation. A hybrid technique is designed by combining the finite difference method (FDM), Adams numerical technique, and physics-informed neural network (PINN) architecture, namely, the FDM-APINN, to solve the fractional Fokker‒Planck‒Levy (FFPL) equation numerically. Two scenarios of the FFPL equation are considered by varying the value of α (i.e., 1.75,1.85). Moreover, three cases of each scenario are numerically studied for different discretized domains with 100,200 and 500 points in x∈[-1,1] and t∈[0,1]. For the FFPL equation, solutions are obtained via the FDM-APINN technique via 1000,2000, and 5000 iterations. The errors, loss function graphs, and statistical tables are presented to validate our claim that the FDM-APINN is a better alternative intelligent technique for handling fractional-order partial differential equations with complex terms. FDM-APINN can be extended by using nongradient-based bioinspired computing for higher-order fractional partial differential equations.

The first part of the paper was aimed at analyzing the given nonlinear problem by different methods of computation of the Lyapunov exponents (Wolf method [1], Rosenstein method [2], Kantz method [3], method based on the modification of a neural network [4, 5], and the synchronization method [6, 7]) for the classical problems governed by difference and differential equations (Hénon map [8], hyper-chaotic Hénon map [9], logistic map [10], Rössler attractor [11], Lorenz attractor [12]) and with the use of both Fourier spectra and Gauss wavelets [13]. It was shown that a modification of the neural network method [4, 5] makes it possible to compute a spectrum of Lyapunov exponents, and then to detect a transition of the system regular dynamics into chaos, hyper-chaos, hyper hyper-chaos and deep chaos [14-16]. Different algorithms for computation of Lyapunov exponents were validated by comparison with the known dynamical systems spectra of the Lyapunov exponents. The carried out analysis helps comparatively estimate the employed methods in order to choose the most suitable/optimal one to study different kinds of dynamical systems and different classes of problems in both this and the next paper parts.

As the socio-economic landscape expands and tourism flourishes, the traditional earthen dwellings of Tuyugou Village, Turpan, Xinjiang, face significant challenges, including low energy efficiency and suboptimal living comfort, necessitating data-driven and scientifically robust renovation strategies. Existing renovation methods, however, often lack empirical support and rely heavily on subjective judgment from architects, thus hindering the effective preservation and transmission of cultural heritage. This research addresses the renovation of these traditional dwellings by employing the AHP method to systematically evaluate user requirements, with input from diverse stakeholders, including homeowners, tourists, experts, and government authorities. The study then applies the QFD method to construct a House of Quality, translating user needs into specific design attributes, followed by a comprehensive quantitative analysis for optimization. A novel multi-objective optimization model (MOP) is introduced, with materials as the central focus, addressing key aspects of engineering, culture, and energy conservation. The NSGA-II algorithm is utilized to generate optimal Pareto solutions. These solutions are further refined using the en-tropy-weighted VIKOR method, enabling objective decision-making that balances cultural preservation with contemporary needs, ultimately enhancing both living standards and tourism appeal. This study offers innovative renovation strategies for traditional dwellings in arid and semi-arid climates.

The paper delves into the critical issue of damage detection within the guy cable of a truss steel mast, a pivotal component in structural integrity. It introduces a model wherein damage manifests as a localized cross-section reduction in a single element of the cable. Employing Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), a pioneering methodology, the study scrutinizes the behavior of the affected elements through static structural analyses. Signal decomposition via the Mallat pyramid algorithm facilitates comprehensive examination. Static displacements at the connection point between the cable and the truss mast serve as the measured variables. Through systematic investigation, the paper evaluates the impact of damage size and location, external loading force, and cable tension force on the efficacy of the proposed approach. Utilizing data derived from Finite Element Method (FEM) computations for wavelet analysis the authors substantiate the findings with numerical examples, thus offering valuable insights into damage detection strategies for structural health monitoring and engineering applications.

In view of the fact that the field monitoring information can more intuitively and accurately reflect the stability state of slopes, this paper takes the warning threshold of slope deformation rate monitoring as the slope stability evaluation standard, and puts forward a method for solving the safety coefficient of rocky slopes. The discrete element method 3DEC, which is suitable for rocky slopes, is selected as the numerical calculation tool, and the convergence criterion of its strength reduction method is modified to the slope deformation rate threshold, and the method is realized by the bifurcation method through its built-in FISH programming language. The results of the classical case show that, by selecting the slope deformation rate threshold in the appropriate interval, the results of this paper's method are very close to those of the finite unit stress method and the limit equilibrium method, which verifies the reliability of this paper's method. Further, the method of this paper is applied to an open-pit mine slope project, based on the slope deformation on-site monitoring data, through the time series prediction method to determine the slope deformation rate warning threshold, using the threshold as an evaluation criterion to solve the slope's coefficient of safety, the calculation results show that: the slope's coefficient of safety in natural working conditions is 1.086, basically stable, suffered from continuous rainfall, the slope body is gradually saturated, the slope's coefficient of safety is reduced to 0.987, the slope's safety is reduced to 0.987. After continuous rainfall and gradual saturation of the slope, the coefficient of safety decreased to 0.987, destabilizing and destroying, which is consistent with the site conditions.

The bulk LiNa5Mo9O30 (LNM) crystals were successfully grown in the [010] and [001] directions without internal inclusions and cracks by the Czochralskii method with low temperature gradient. The crystal grown in the [010] direction showed a tendency to twinning. The crystal grown in the [001] direction demonstrated high structural perfection (FWHM=13'') for the (001) plane and high optical quality Δn≈210-5. The laser induced damage threshold was measured along a, b and c axes and was 15.7, 27.0 and 27.5 J/cm2 respectively. The thermo-optical coefficient dn/dT was measured for the main crystallographic axes, which was -5.7510-6, -2.0210-5 and 3.6510-6 K-1 along the a, b and c axes, respectively. The second harmonic generation (SHG) is conducted in crystalline LNM sample. The maximum efficiency value of 3.5% at pump power of 12 W had been achieved.

The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of investment in Research & Development on the performance and value of companies, that is, to try to explain how R&D investment influences the companies’ performance. For this purpose, a dynamic panel data model was estimated using the Generalized Method of Moments, which made possible to measure the impact of R&D investment on performance through the Return on Operating Assets ratio for the Portuguese companies that invested the most between 2012 to 2019. The results show that the investment in R&D is not statistically significant in explaining the operating return on assets. However, the lagged financial performance in one period, the leverage, the asset turnover ratio and the accounts payable turnover show to have impact on the variable under study.

This study innovatively assesses the Mun River flow components in Thailand, integrating Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Isotopic (18O) End-Member Mixing Analysis (IEMMA). It quantifies the contributions of the Upper Mun River (UMR) and Chi River (CR) to the overall flow, revealing a discrepancy in their estimated contributions. ANN predicts the UMR and CR contribute approximately 70.1% and 29.5% respectively, while IEMMA indicates a more pronounced disparity with 84% from UMR and 16% from CR. This divergence highlights the distinct perspectives of ANN, focusing on hydrological data patterns, and IEMMA, emphasizing isotopic signatures. Despite discrepancies, both methods validate UMR as a significant contributor to the overall flow, highlighting their utility in hydrological research. The findings underscore the complexity of river systems and advocate for an integrated approach of river flow analysis for a comprehensive understanding, crucial for effective water resource management and planning.

Aquifer karstic structures, due to their complex nature, present significant challenges in accurately mapping their intricate features. Traditional methods often rely on invasive techniques or sophisticated equipment, limiting accessibility and feasibility. In this paper, we propose a new approach to non-invasive, low-cost 3D reconstruction using a camera that observes the light projection of a simple diving lamp. Our method capitalizes on the principles of structured light, leveraging the projection of light contours onto the karstic surfaces. By capturing the resultant light patterns with a camera, we reconstruct three-dimensional representations of the structures. The simplicity and portability of the equipment required make this method highly versatile, enabling deployment in diverse underwater environments. We validate our approach through extensive field experiments conducted in various aquifer karstic settings. The results demonstrate the efficacy of our method in accurately delineating intricate karstic features with remarkable detail and resolution. Furthermore, the non-destructive nature of this technique minimizes disturbance to delicate aquatic ecosystems while providing valuable insights into the subterranean landscape. This innovative methodology not only offers a cost-effective and non-invasive means of mapping aquifer karstic structures but also opens avenues for comprehensive environmental monitoring and resource management. Its potential applications span hydrogeological studies, environmental conservation efforts, and sustainable water resource management in karstic terrains worldwide.

Earthquakes present a significant risk to marine and underwater structures such as seawalls, piers, dolphins, breakwaters, buried pipelines, and sheet-piled constructions. These structures are particularly susceptible to the destabilizing effects of seismic events, which can result in severe damage. Furthermore, earthquakes can indirectly threaten these installations by destabilizing the underlying soil. Soil liquefaction, induced by seismic shaking, can undermine the stability and integrity of structures. This review discusses advanced simulation programs that have been systematically developed and validated using comparisons with commercial software and existing research . It extensively examines various factors that influence earthquake-induced dynamics in marine environments, including soil conditions, quality of structural components, tunnel length, mooring intervals, seismic wave propagation, and seaquake impacts . Over the past four decades, significant insights have been gained into the seismic design of marine structures, leading to the development of comprehensive guidelines. Recently, the simulation of marine infrastructure—such as breakwaters, platform jackets, and tunnels—has progressed considerably, driven by rapid economic growth and technological advancements in engineering. This review aims to evaluate and categorize recent studies on the numerical simulation of marine structures under seismic forces, with a focus on mitigating earthquake-related damage.

The awareness of the vulnerability of existing structures under both seismic and energy viewpoints highlight the need to develop integrated retrofit solutions combining the structural and thermal performances. In this perspective, the study explores the efficacy of the Resisto 5.9 Tube system, a seismic coat that improves the seismic behaviour of masonry and reinforced concrete (RC) structures, also enhancing their energy performances, thanks to the thermal coat integrated in the basic steel system. The research involves the application of a design procedure specifically developed for this retrofit system from the seismic perspective. Once all the system elements are designed, non-linear static analyses are performed with a Finite Element software comparing the building’s seismic performances before and after the application of Resisto 5.9 Tube. The results demonstrate a significant increase in seismic safety coefficient, proving that this intervention type can be useful to obtain the seismic upgrading of existing RC buildings.

The presence of antibiotic residues in honey has recently become a growing public health concern due to the overuse of these products in beekeeping and their transfer to the food industry. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a simple, selective and sensitive method for the simultaneous identification and quantification of residues of twenty-two sulfonamides, trimethoprim and dapsone in honey using a rapid and reliable liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method. The developed method showed good linearity, specificity, precision (repeatability and intra-laboratory reproducibility) and recovery. The decision limit (CCalpha) ranged between 2.16-22.12 µg/kg for CCα, while the detection capability (CCbeta) was between 2.16- 2.67-27.36 µg/kg. The method proved to be rapid, reliable and effective for the determination of sulfonamides, trimethoprim and dapsone from honey samples. The average recoveries were estimated to be between 70 and 106%. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 6-18%. In practice, the method is essential to check the honey sold on the market and ensure its safety before it reaches the consumer.

To estimate the recreational value provided by the Foy’s Lake annually using the most applicable model for on-site data is the main objective of this study. Adhere to the objective of this study; Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM) has been applied and Zero Truncated Poisson Regression Model has been found plausible among other models to estimate consumer surplus. Based on the findings of the study, an estimate of the consumer surplus or recreational benefits per trip per visitor can be recommended as BDT 5,875 or US $ 73.44 and counting the consumer surplus per trip per visitor, the annual recreational value (total consumer surplus) provided by the lake is found to be BDT 321 million or US $ 40.2 million.

Demand for environmentally friendly types of energy is growing all over the world, which naturally increases the intensity of work on the production of hydrogen-containing fuel mixtures. Steam reforming of methanol is one of the most effective areas of research, as it is a process with low energy consumption. The results of steam reforming of methanol on the catalysts prepared by solution combustion synthesis (SCS) and impregnation by moisture capacity are presented. Investigation of the activity of Cu-Ce-Al catalysts of different composition was carried out for production of hydrogen and comparison of SCS with traditional impregnation method. Methanol conversion reaches 99%, while the selectivity of H2 was 88%, at 500 °C. It was found that CuAl2O4 spinel formation is due to substitution of Al3+ with Cu2+ Ce3+ cations. A consequence CuAl2O4 and CeAlO3 lattice parameters increase because of difference in ionic radius of Al3+ (0.53 Å) and Cu2+ (0.73 Å), Ce3+ (1.07 Å). Advantages of SCS catalysts in steam reforming of methanol were shown. The aim of this research is to develop a new catalyst for conversion of methanol into hydrogen containing fuel mixtures, which will further promote the organization of a new era of environmentally friendly energy-saving production methods.

China's economic development has shifted from high speed to high quality. This study constructs an evaluation index for China’s high-quality development utilizing a new development concept. The entropy method and cluster analysis were used to assess the level of high-quality development in China between 2015 and 2021. Kernel density estimation method was employed to explore spatiotemporal dynamics. The results reveal significant differences in the level of economic development among provinces in China; the eastern region is significantly better than the central, northeastern, and western regions. From the perspective of the sub-item evaluation, challenges with uneven, uncoordinated, and insufficient economic development exist in various Chinese provinces.

This study investigates the factors influencing consumers' intentions to purchase overseas travel packages via social media in Thailand, with a focus on consumer trust and perceived risks. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative research techniques. In the qualitative phase, the Fuzzy Set Delphi Method was applied to gather expert consensus from 19 participants. For the quantitative phase, a survey was conducted among 600 individuals who had experience purchasing overseas travel packages on social media in Thailand. First-order and second-order confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the relationships between eight identified factors: social media influencer, e-WOM, trust, perceived risk, brand image, rating review, personal attitude, and destination image. The results indicate that trust and perceived risk are the most significant factors affecting purchase intention. Trust plays a crucial role in customers' decision-making processes, while perceived risk influences their tendency to avoid purchasing packages if the risk is perceived as high. The insights gained from this study contribute to the understanding of factors influencing purchase intentions for overseas travel packages through social media in Thailand, providing valuable information for travel agencies to develop effective marketing strategies.

Most existing the freeway hard shoulder running (HSR) strategy literature only focuses on the traffic flow with human-driven vehicles (HDVs) but neglects the possible impacts of connected automated vehicles (CAVs) with various penetration rates on the macroscopic traffic flow. The purpose of this paper is to detect whether the effects of mixed traffic flow for the freeway HSR strategy differ the traditional traffic flow or not. An approach based on microscopic simulation with factorial experimental design is adopted in this study, and novel results are obtained from the discussion and statistical analyses of simulation results. The results showed that the penetration rates of CAVs have a positive influence both on the traffic efficiency and safety on freeway HSR regardless of the prevailing traffic flow conditions. Furthermore, the implementation of the HSR strategy has the potential to markedly enhance traffic efficiency across a range of varying traffic demands. However, different speed limits for the HSR can lead to varying degrees of efficiency improvement under different traffic demands. Finally, we find a complex interplay between traffic flow conditions and the impact of HSR on TTC values and overall traffic safety.

Geothermal energy, being a clean energy source, has immense potential, and accurate wellbore modeling is crucial for optimizing the drilling process and ensuring safety. This paper presents a novel geothermal wellbore model based on the drift-flux approach, tested under three different temperature and pressure well conditions. The proposed model integrates the conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy, incorporating the gas-liquid two-phase flow drift-flux model and heat transfer model. Key features include handling heat transfer between the for-mation and the wellbore, addressing the slip relationship between gas and liquid phases, and accounting for wellbore friction. The nonlinear equations are discretized using the finite differ-ence method, and the highly nonlinear system is solved using the Newton-Raphson method. Numerical simulation, validation, and comparison with existing models demonstrate the en-hanced accuracy of this model. In our tests, the model achieved high accuracy in calculating bottom hole pressure and temperature, with Mean Relative Errors (MRE) significantly lower than those of other models. These results offer valuable insights for optimizing drilling parameters and ensuring drilling safety. Comparisons indicate that this approach significantly outperforms others in capturing the complex dynamics of geothermal wellbores, making it a superior tool for geo-thermal energy development.