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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0119.v1

Food Additives and Contaminants: Effects on Human Gut Microbiota—A Review

Paula Roca-Saavedra, Veronica Mendez-Vilabrille, Jose Manuel Miranda, Alexandre Lamas, Carolina Nebot, Alejandra Cardelle-Cobas, Carlos M. Franco, Alberto Cepeda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: antibiotic; bacteroidetes; dietary emulsifier; firmicutes; food additive; gut microbiota; non-nutritive sweetener; proteobacteria

Online: 23 December 2016 (11:21:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0060.v1

Impact of Soft Tissue Pathophysiology in the Development and Maintenance of Bisphosphonate Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (BRONJ)

Thomas Ziebart, Sebastian Blatt, Junho Jung, Andreas Pabst, Christian Walter, Frank Halling, Paul Heymann, Andreas Neff, Leonardo Righesso

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: gingiva; bisphosphonate; soft tissue; fibroblasts; keratinocytes; bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaws

Online: 15 October 2016 (08:03:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0003.v6

Farey Sequences and the Riemann Hypothesis

Darrell Cox

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: Riemann hypothesis, Farey sequence, Gauss sum associated with a Dirichlet character

Online: 10 August 2016 (11:35:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0001.v1

ESWT Enhances Expression of Pdia-3 which is a Key Factor of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Rapid Membrane Signaling Pathway in Treatment of Early Osteoarthritis Knee

Shan-Ling Hsu, Jai-Hong Cheng, Ching-Jen Wang, Jih-Yang Ko, Chih-Hsiang Hsu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: protein-disulfide isomerase-associated 3; osteoarthritis; extracorporeal shockwave therapy; 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 signaling pathway; two dimensional electrophoresis

Online: 1 September 2016 (10:47:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0043.v1

Arms Race between Enveloped Viruses and the Host ERAD Machinery

Dylan A. Frabutt, Yong-Hui Zheng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: enveloped viruses; viral glycoproteins; endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation; ERAD; unfolded protein response; UPR; ER stress

Online: 4 August 2016 (11:44:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0155.v1

Cancer-associated Fibroblasts: Origins, Heterogeneity and Functions in Tumor Microenvironment

Kevin Dzobo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Tumor microenvironment; tumor stroma; cancer-associated fibroblasts; heterogeneity; biomarkers; cancer; The Cancer Genome Atlas; gene expression; computational biology

Online: 15 January 2020 (12:56:44 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0311.v1

Medicinal Plant-based Functional Foods for the Management of Neurological Health

Md. Nasir Ahmed

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: functional food; dietary supplement; phytochemicals; nutritional neuroscience; gut microbiome; personalized nutrition; Bangladesh

Online: 26 June 2020 (12:23:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0040.v2

Gut Microbiota and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Insights on Mechanism and Therapy

Junli Ma, Qihang Zhou, Houkai Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Gut microbiota; obesity; insulin resistance, NAFLD; probiotic; prebiotic; symbiotic

Online: 6 October 2017 (16:15:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0185.v1

Towards Individualized Use of Probiotics and Prebiotics for Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Diseases Treatment: Does Pathophysiology-Based Approach Work and Can Anticipated Evidence Be Completed?

Rostyslav Bubnov, Mykola Spivak

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: predictive preventive personalized medicine; Lactobacillus; Bifidobacterium; probiotics, gut microbiota; patient phenotype, individualized medicine; metabolic syndrome

Online: 11 September 2018 (06:00:03 CEST)

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The modification the gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome and associated chronic diseases is among leading tasks of microbiome research and needs for clinical use of probiotics. Evidence lack for the implications for microbiome modification to improve metabolic health in particular when applied impersonalized. Probiotics have tremendous potential in personalized nutrition and medicine to develop healthy diets. The aim was to to conduct comprehensive overview of recent updates of role of microbiota on human health and development of metabolic syndrome and efficacy of microbiota modulation considering specific properties of probiotic strain and particular aspects of metabolic syndrome and patient`s phenotype to fill the gap between probiotic product and individual to facilitate development of individualized / personalized probiotic and prebiotic treatments. We discuss the relevance of using host phenotype-associated biomarkers, those based on imaging and molecular and patrient`s history, reliable and accessible to facilitate person-specific appication of probiotics and prebiotic substances. Microbiome phenotypes can be parameters of predictive medicine to recognize patient`s predispositions and evaluate treatment responses; the number of phenotype markers can be effectively involved to monitor microbiome modulation. The studied strain-dependent properties of probiotic strains are potentially relevant for individualized treatment for gut and distant sites microbiome modulation. The evidence regarding probiotic strains properties can be taken to account via pathophysiology-based approach for most effective individualized treatment via gut, oral and vaginal and other sites microbiome modulation according to phenotype of the patient providing individualized and personalized medical approaches. Preventive potential of probiotics is strong and well-documented. Recommendations for individualized clinical use of probiotics, and for probiotic studies design have been suggested.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0098.v1

MicroRNAs in the Communication between Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAF) and Cancer Cells

Maren Schoepp, Anda Jana Stroese, Joerg Haier

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: MicroRNA; cancer associated fibroblasts; cell-cell communication; transformation; epigenetic

Online: 28 February 2017 (10:29:27 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0215.v1

Elucidating Role of Bacteria in Psoriatic Disease: From Skin and Gut Perspectives

Bakytgul Yermekbayeva, Togzhan Algazina, Madina Razbekova, Albert Pinhasov, Gulnar Batpenova, Almagul Kushugulova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dermatology Keywords: gut microbiota; skin microbiota; inflammation; psoriasis; psoriatic arthritis; dysbiosis

Online: 12 September 2018 (07:49:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0234.v1

Sequence Properties of the MAAP Protein and of the VP1 Capsid Protein of Adeno-Associated Viruses

David G. Karlin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: adeno-associated virus; protein sequence analysis; overlapping genes; amino acid depletion; cysteine depletion; tyrosine depletion; capsid design; membrane-binding amphipathic helix

Online: 17 February 2020 (02:42:39 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0160.v2

NIH SenNet Consortium: Mapping Senescent Cells in the Human Body to Understand Health and Disease

Patty J Lee, Philip Blood, Katy Börner, Judith Campisi, Feng Chen, Heike Daldrup-Link, Phil De Jager, Li Ding, Francesca E. Duncan, Oliver Eickelberg, Rong Fan, Toren Finkel, Vesna Garovic, Nils Gehlenborg, Carolyn Glass, Ziv Bar-Joseph, Pragati Katiyar, So-Jin Kim, Melanie Königshoff, George Kuchel, Haesung Lee, Jun H. Lee, Jian Ma, Qin Ma, Simon Melov, Kay Metis, Ana L. Mora, Nicolas Musi, Nicola Neretti, João F. Passos, Irfan Rahman, Juan Carlos Rivera-Mulia, Paul Robson, Mauricio Rojas, Ananda L. Roy, Birgit Schilling, Pixu Shi, Jonathan Silverstein, Vidyani Suryadevera, Jichun Xie, Jinhua Wang, An-Kwok Ian Wong, Laura Niedernhofer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Cellular Senescence Network; Normal Aging; Senescence; Senescence-associated secretory phenotype; SenNet

Online: 15 September 2022 (12:52:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0039.v1

Diet, Gut Microbiome and Epigenetics: Emerging Links with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Prospects for Management and Prevention

Krasimira Aleksandrova, Beatriz Romero, Vicent Hernandez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: diet, gut microbiota, epigenetics, inflammatory bowel diseases

Online: 15 July 2017 (00:46:37 CEST)

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) represent a growing public health concern due to increasing incidence worldwide. The current notion on the pathogenesis of IBD is that genetically susceptible individuals develop intolerance to dysregulated gut microflora (dysbiosis) and chronic inflammation develops as a result of environmental triggers. Among the environmental factors associated to IBD, diet plays an important role in modulating the gut microbiome, influencing epigenetic changes and, therefore, could be applied as a therapeutic tool to improve the disease course. Nevertheless, the current dietary recommendations for disease prevention and management are scarce and of weak evidence. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the complex interactions among diet, microbiome and epigenetics in IBD. Whereas over-abundance of calories and some macronutrients increases gut inflammation, several micronutrients have the potential to modulate it. Immunonutrition has emerged as a new concept putting forward the importance of vitamins such as vitamins A, C, E, D, folic acid and beta-carotene and trace elements such as zinc, selenium, manganese and iron. However, when assessed in clinical trials, specific micronutrients exerted a limited benefit. Beyond nutrients, anti-inflammatory dietary patterns as a complex intervention approach have become popular over the recent years. Hence, exclusive enteral nutrition in pediatric Crohn’s disease is the only nutritional intervention currently recommended as a first-line therapy. Other nutritional interventions or specific diets including the Specific Carbohydrate Diet, the low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyol diet and most recently the Mediterranean diet have shown strong anti-inflammatory properties and provide a promise for improving disease symptoms. Definitely, more work is required to evaluate the role of individual food compounds and complex nutritional interventions with potential to decrease inflammation as means for prevention and management of IBD.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0147.v1

Novel Therapeutic Targets and Biomarkers for the Treatment of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Imogen Tyer, Alison Hill

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: PSP; Progressive Supranuclear Palsy; 4R-tau; four-repeat tau; MAPT; Microtubule-associated ligand; PET; Positron Emission Tomography

Online: 12 June 2020 (09:41:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0593.v1

Neuroinflammatory Remodeling of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex as a Key Driver of Mood Disorders in Gastrointestinal Disease and Disorders

Chelsea Matisz, Aaron Gruber

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: gut inflammation; neuroinflammation; inflammatory bowel disease; Crohn’s disease; ulcerative colitis; irritable bowel syndrome; Celiac disease; functional dyspepsia; anterior cingulate cortex; microglia; sympathetic nervous system; mood disorders; depression; anxiety; cognition

Online: 25 September 2020 (03:45:08 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0034.v1

Experimental Investigation of Potential Biological Nitrogen Provisioning by Freshwater Insect Gut Microbiomes Using ¹⁵N Isotope Analysis

Paul Ayayee, Sohini Bhattacharyya, Thomas Arnold, Josef Werne, Laura Leff

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: freshwater insects; gut microbiome; nitrogen provisioning; nitrate reduction

Online: 5 August 2019 (00:48:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0171.v1

Microbiota-Gut-Brain-Axis and Autism Spectrum Disorders

Piranavie Srikantha, M. Hasan Mohajeri

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Autism, ASD, microbiota, gut-brain-axis, microbiota-gut-brain-axis, therapy

Online: 7 November 2018 (14:45:10 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0084.v1

The Microbiota-gut-immune-glia (MGIG) Axis in Major Depression

Leszek Rudzki, Michael Maes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: depression; leaky gut; microbiota; cytokines; neuroimmunomodulation; oxidative stress

Online: 6 February 2020 (10:30:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0375.v1

Diversity of Gut Microbiota in Autism Reveals Differential Abundance of Prevotella and Akkermansia Species

Swati Agarwala, Bindushree Naik, Nallur B Ramachandra

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: autism phenome; gut microbiome; behaviour reversal; meta-analysis; 16srRNA sequencing; operational taxonomic units (OTUs)

Online: 25 May 2018 (16:15:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0084.v1

Beneficial Impact and Molecular Mechanism of Bacillus Coagulans on Piglets Intestine

Tao Wu, Yang Lv, Xueni Li, Lin Zhang, Yutao Shi, Linxiao Du, Dan Yi, Hongbo Chen, Shuangshuang Guo, Lei Wang, Di Zhao, Binying Ding, Yongqing Hou, Joshua Gong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Bacillus coagulans; intestinal function; gut microbiota; weaned piglet

Online: 4 May 2018 (05:31:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0293.v1

Gut Microbiome Production and Modulation of Hormones That Influence Host Skin Health

Mia Maguire, Greg Maguire

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: skin; gut; microbiome; hormones

Online: 19 March 2020 (02:23:21 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0196.v1

Pathological Mechanisms Underlying Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Daniel Missailidis, Sarah Annesley, Paul Fisher

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, ME/CFS, diagnosis, metabolism, mitochondria, inflammation, immune system, signaling, gut microbiota.

Online: 16 July 2019 (12:41:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0175.v1

The Gut Microbiome in Western and Indigenous Cultures

Santanu Das, Tahila Andrighettti, João Sabino, Tamas Korcsmaros, Mojibur Rohman Khan, Severine Vermeire, Padhmanand Sudhakar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Gut microbiome; Western and indigenous/traditional cultures; gut health; disease; lifestyle; novel microbials

Online: 6 April 2021 (12:40:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0059.v1

Sequestration Effect on the Open-Cyclic Switchable Property of Warfarin by Cyclodextrin: Ultrafast Dynamical Study

Naji Al-Dubaili, Na'il Saleh

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Physical Chemistry Keywords: open-cyclic tautomers; molecular switching; decay-associated spectra; warfarin; excited-state lifetime; cyclodextrins

Online: 21 July 2017 (04:56:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0093.v1

Potential Impact of Diet on Treatment Effect from Anti-TNF Drugs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Vibeke Andersen, Axel Kornerup Hansen, Berit Lilienthal Heitmann

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: lifestyle factors; chronic inflammatory diseases; treatment result; treatment response; diet; meat intake; dietary pattern; food; mucosa associated bacteria; epithelium-associated bacteria; microbiome; fibre intake; personalized medicine; mucus; sulphate-reducing bacteria; mucin-degrading bacteria; Western style diet; anti-TNF

Online: 15 March 2017 (07:29:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0005.v1

A Diet Based on Cured Acorn Ham with Oleic Acid Content Promotes Anti-Inflammatory Gut Microbiota Shifts and Prevents Ulcerative Colitis in an Animal Model

Javier Fernández, Vanessa García de la Fuente, María Teresa Fernández García, José Gómez Sánchez, Beatriz Isabel Redondo, Claudio J. Villar, Felipe Lombó

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: oleic acid; acorn feed ham; gut microbiota; ulcerative colitis

Online: 1 March 2019 (08:42:26 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0459.v1

Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation

Vinicius Cruzat, Marcelo Macedo Rogero, Kevin Noel Keane, Rui Curi, Philip Newsholme

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Nutrition; Amino acids; Leukocytes; Skeletal muscle; Gut; Liver.

Online: 24 September 2018 (13:20:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0370.v1

Changes of Colonic Bacterial Composition in Parkinson’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases

Sara Gerhardt, M. Hasan Mohajeri

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; gut microbiome; neurodegenerative diseases; microbiota-gut-brain-axis

Online: 28 April 2018 (12:09:20 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0027.v1

Insights into the Diagnostic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles and their miRNA Signature from Liquid Biopsy as Early Biomarkers of Diabetic Micro/Macrovascular Complications

Valeria La Marca, Alessandra Fierabracci

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: EVs; endothelial-derived microparticles; platelet-derived microparticles; non-invasive biomarkers; miRNAs signature; diabetes associated complications; micro-macrovascular damage; diabetic nephropathy

Online: 8 September 2017 (09:38:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0396.v1

Sirtuins, Mitochondria and the Melatonergic Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease

George Anderson, Michael Maes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; sirtuins; mitochondria; leaky gut; inflammation; neuroimmune

Online: 27 February 2020 (10:52:33 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0068.v1

Human MAP tau based targeted cytolytic fusion proteins

Olusiji Akinrinmade, Sandra Jordaan, Dmitrij Hristodorov, Radoslav Mladenov, Neelakshi Mungra, Shivan Chetty, Stefan Barth

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: human cytolytic fusion proteins; immunotherapy; microtubule associated protein tau (MAP); cancer; inflammatory diseases

Online: 15 June 2017 (12:02:31 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0152.v1

Dietary Protein and Muscle in Aging People: The Potential Role of the Gut Microbiome

Mary Ni Lochlainn, Ruth C. E. Bowyer, Claire J. Steves

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: protein; skeletal muscle; sarcopenia; gut microbiome; metabolome; diet; supplementation

Online: 11 June 2018 (11:05:04 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Could Strengthening the Gut and Skin Microbiome Help with the Adverse Effects after Stopping Long Term Topical Steroid Use?

Christopher Wallen-Russell, Anja Gijsberts-Veens, Samuel Wallen-Russell

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dermatology Keywords: topical steroid withdrawal; topical steroids; eczema; atopic dermatitis; skin microbiome; gut mi-crobiome; microbiome; biodiversity; skin allergy epidemic;

Online: 8 September 2021 (20:19:35 CEST)

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We set up this preliminary study to evaluate one main question: could strengthening the microbiome have potential benefits for patients suffering with adverse effects after stopping long term topical steroid use? We aim to turn it into a much larger study if the results show promise. After commonly being prescribed for eczema, cessation of topical steroid use, especially after long periods of inappropriate use, can leave lasting adverse effects on the body and skin, known by some as topical steroid withdrawal (TSW). Furthermore, the subsequent withdrawal the body experiences when coming off the drug can leave lasting adverse effects on the body and skin, known by some as topical steroid withdrawal (TSW). This preliminary study involved seven human participants suffering with skin problems associated with TSW who approached Dr. Anja Gijsberts-Veens of their own volition because they were interested in more natural recovery methods. Five completed the study in full. Progress in skin condition was tracked by self-assessed symptom severity questionnaires filled out at the beginning and end of the study. The skin microbiome was addressed by using a 100% natural product shown in previous work to significantly increase skin microbiome biodiversity. Three participants implemented dietary changes and supplementation in response to guidance after fecal sample analysis to improve their gut health and biodiversity. The average improvement in skin symptoms for all participants was 40% and average symptom improvement ranged from 14% for Patient 5 to 92% for Patient 1. On average, the participants saw an improvement in 85% of their symptoms and a stagnation or regression in 11% and 4% respectively. We believe these results show enough promise to warrant expansion of this research to use a larger sample size, preferably 50+ participants, in future work. We also aim to swab the skin of participants to assess the effect on the skin microbiome from skin and gut treatments, as well as including more in-depth analysis of skin and gut microbiomes.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0109.v1

Effects of Altered Dietary Fiber on the Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Cecum of Chickens during Different Growth Periods

Baosheng Sun, Linyue Hou, Yu Yang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: dietary fiber; SCFA; growth period; chickens; gut microbiota; microbiotal diversity; age; cecum

Online: 9 February 2020 (16:24:29 CET)

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Increasing numbers of researchers are interested in the importance of dietary fiber for the gut microbiota, microbiotal metabolite SCFA, energy metabolism and gut health of the host. However, studies have demonstrated that long-term and longitudinal observation may be needed to evaluate the effect of dietary fiber better, and few such works have been made in chickens. Therefore, we successively fed low-fiber, high--fiber and low-fiber diets to two breeds of chickens during different growth periods (1—8, 9—20 and 21—50 weeks), aiming to longitudinally observe the long-term effect of altered dietary fiber on the gut microbiota, SCFA and development of cecum of chickens with age. The results showed that the composition and function of the gut microbiota, SCFA and the development of the cecum were different during different periods, which was largly affected by dietary fiber. However, the causes of some effects were different during the different periods. For example, compared with that in low-fiber chickens at 8 weeks, dominant fiber-degradation bacteria such as Bacteroidetes, Alloprevotella and SCFA-producing bacteria such as Faecalibacterium increased due to a high-fiber diet at 20 weeks, while due to a high feed intake in 50 weeks. Moreover, the concentration of SCFA in 20 weeks was significantly higher than in 8 weeks and 50 weeks, but the causes of this difference were also distinct. It was proposed that a long-term observation was needed to evaluate the effect of dietary fiber better on chickens. The metabolite pathways of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters encoded by Firmicutes were enriched in 8 weeks, while a two-component system and β–glucosidase encoded by Bacteroidetes were enriched in 20 and 50 weeks. The trend was the same in two breeds of chickens except for Alloprevotella. In addition, the total content of SCFA in the contents of cecum was also affected by the size of the cecum. Surprisingly, the length of the cecum shortened from 20—50 weeks, maybe due to reduced dietary fiber.

Working Paper REVIEW

Role of Nucleoid Associated Protein HU in the Intercellular and Extracellular Milieu

Debayan Dey

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs); moonlighting proteins; drug target; biofilm; specificity determination; phylogenetic analysis

Online: 7 June 2020 (09:07:56 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0037.v1

FFAR2/3 as Microbial Metabolite Sensors to Shape Host Health: Pharmacophysiological View

Sidharth P. Mishra, Prashantha Karunakar, Subhash Taraphder, Hariom Yadav

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: FFAR2; FFAR3; microbiota; gut; immune; SCFA

Online: 3 May 2020 (08:32:51 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0597.v1

Prebiotics in infant nutrition: a critical appraisal

Lorenzo Morelli, Vania Patrone, Angelo Pietrobelli

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Prebiotics; Infant Nutrition; Infant formula; Gut microbiota; Lactobacillus; Bifidobacterium; Fructo-oligosaccharides; Galacto-oligosaccharides; Polidextrose; Acidic oligosaccharides.

Online: 30 September 2018 (05:42:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0163.v1

Shaping Light in Backward-Wave Nonlinear Hyperbolic Metamaterials

Alexander K. Popov, Sergey A. Myslivets, Vitaly V. Slabko, Victor A. Tkachenko, Thomas F. George

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: optical metamaterials; fundamental concepts in photonics; light-matter interactions at the subwavelength and nanoscale; fundamental understanding of linear and nonlinear optical processes in novel metamaterials underpinning photonic devices and components; advancing the frontier of nanophotonics with the associated nanoscience and nanotechnology; nanostructures that can serve as building blocks for nano-optical systems; use of nanotechnology in photonics; nonlinear nanophotonics, plasmonics and excitonics; subwavelength components and negative index materials; slowing, store, and processing light pulses; materials with such capabilities that could be used for optical sensing, tunable optical delay lines, optical buffers, high extinction optical switches, novel image processing hardware, and highly-efficient wavelength converters

Online: 26 February 2018 (11:24:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0387.v2

Using Fish Models for Assessing the Role of Sociality on the Microbiome: The Next Step for Translational Microbiome Research?

Marta C. Soares, Jo Cable, Monica Lima-Maximino, Caio Maximino, Raquel Xavier

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: behaviour/sociality; cleaner fish; gut-brain axis; poecilids; sticklebacks; zebrafish

Online: 18 February 2019 (15:43:41 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0058.v1

From "Leaky Gut" to Impaired Glia-neuron Communication in Depression

Leszek Rudzki, Michael Maes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: depression; leaky gut; microbiota; cytokines; neuroimmunomodulation; oxidative stress; glia; blood-brain barrier; LPS; TLR

Online: 5 June 2020 (15:06:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0271.v1

Blackcurrant Leaf Chlorosis Associated Virus: Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals an Extraordinary Virus with Multiple Genomic Components Including Evidence of Circular RNA

Delano James, James Phelan, Daniel Sanderson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Idaeovirus; Blackcurrant leaf chlorosis associated virus; next-generation sequencing (NGS); bridge reads; abutting primers; RNase R digestion; circular RNA; concatenated RNA

Online: 30 March 2018 (11:40:46 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0554.v1

Microbiome – The Missing Link in the Gut-Brain Axis. The Focus on Gastrointestinal and Mental Health

Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Wojciech Marlicz, Agata Misera, Anastasios Koulouzidis, Igor Łoniewski

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: gut brain axis; microbiota; functional gastrointestinal disorders

Online: 24 October 2018 (07:41:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0404.v2

Role of Microbiota and Tryptophan Metabolites in the Remote Effect of Intestinal Inflammation on Brain and Depression

Barbora Waclawiková, Sahar El Aidy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: microbiota; kynurenine pathway; serotonin; inflammation; gut motility

Online: 22 June 2018 (06:29:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0331.v1

Coronavirus 2019 Infection in People with Associated Co-Morbidities: Case Fatality and ACE2 Inhibitors Treatment Concerns

Maryam Honardoost, Rokhsareh Aghili, Mohammad E. Khamseh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; associated comorbidities; treatment; ACE2 inhibitors; Type 2 diabetes

Online: 19 April 2020 (05:42:22 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0063.v1

Probing Molecular Insights of Zika Virus-Host Interactions

Ina Lee, Sandra Bos, Ge Li, Shusheng Wang, Gilles Gadea, Philippe Despres, Richard Y. Zhao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Zika virus; ZIKV-host interactions; viral pathogenesis; cell surface receptors; antiviral responses; viral counteraction; cytopathic effects; microcephaly; ZIKV-associated neurologic disorders

Online: 5 April 2018 (05:34:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0305.v1

Understanding the Pathogenesis of Spondyloarthritis

Aigul Sharip, Jeannette Kunz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: spondyloarthritis; HLA-B27; pathogenesis; inflammation; arthritogenic peptides; unfolded protein response; ERAP1; gut dysbiosis

Online: 14 July 2020 (11:39:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0239.v1

An Appropriate Amount of OptiCell Benefits the Microbial Diversity and Gut Health of Chickens

Linyue Hou, Baosheng Sun, Yu Yang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: OptiCell; microbial diversity; gut microbiota; gut health; free-range chickens; caged chickens; SCFA; mucus layer; welfare

Online: 18 December 2019 (05:25:45 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0526.v1

Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Influence of Gut Microbe to Brain Signaling

Mary Scriven, Mary Wall, John F. Cryan, Timothy G. Dinan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: psychiatry; gut microbiome; probiotics

Online: 27 July 2018 (03:22:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0275.v1

The Role of the Gut-Brain Axis in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Relevance of the Canine Model: A Review

Yoko Ambrosini, Dana Borcherding, Anumantha Kanthasamy, Hyun Jung Kim, Albert Jergens, Karin Allenspach, Jonathan Mochel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: canine enteroid/colonoids; gut-on-a-chip; translational medicine; Alzheimer’s disease; canine cognitive disfunction

Online: 28 January 2019 (10:30:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0029.v2

Incidence and Determinants of Health Care Associated Blood Stream Infection at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Ujjain, India: A Prospective Cohort Study

Mamta Dhaneria, Sachin Jain, Poonam Singh, Aditya Mathur, Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, Ashish Pathak

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: blood stream health care associated infections; neonates; risk factors, antibiotic use, antibiotic resistance; neonatal intensive care unit; India

Online: 30 January 2018 (08:03:04 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0415.v1

Nutritional Support of Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function in Healthy Children – An Update and Novel Insights

Kathrin Cohen Kadosh, Leilani Muhardi, Panam Parikh, Melissa Basso, Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed, Titis Prawitasari, Samuel Folake, Guansheng Ma, J.M.W Geurts

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: nutrition; brain; neurodevelopment; childhood; gut-brain axis; psychobiotics; macronutrients, micronutrients.

Online: 16 December 2020 (13:52:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci1030065

Vascular Adhesion Protein 1 Mediates Gut Microbial Flagellin-Induced Inflammation, Leukocyte Infiltration, and Hepatic Steatosis

Raine Toivonen, Sanja Vanhatalo, Maija Hollmén, Eveliina Munukka, Anniina Keskitalo, Sami Pietilä, Laura Elo, Pentti Huovinen, Sirpa Jalkanen, Satu Pekkala

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: gut microbiota; liver; metabolism; inflammation

Online: 16 December 2019 (00:00:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0193.v1

Combination of Aronia, Red Ginseng and Shiitake Mushroom Potentiated Insulin Secretion and Reduced Insulin Resistance with Improving Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Insulin Deficient Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Hye Jeong Yang, Min Jung Kim, Dae Young Kwon, Da Sol Kim, Ting Zhang, Chulgyu Ha, Sunmin Park

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: aronia; ginseng; mushroom; pancreatectomy; type 2 diabetes; gut microbiome; insulin secretion

Online: 12 June 2018 (13:01:30 CEST)

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The combination of freeze-dried aronia, red ginseng, ultraviolet-irradiated shiitake mushroom and natokinase (AGM; 3.4: 4.1: 2.4: 0.1) was examined to evaluate its effects on insulin resistance, insulin secretion and gut microbiome in a non-obese type 2 diabetic animal model. Pancreatectomized (Px) rats were provided high fat diets supplemented with either of 1) 0.5 g AGM (AGM-L), 2) 1 g AGM (AGM-H), 3) 1 g dextrin (control), or 4) 1g dextrin with 120 mg metformin (positive-control) per kg body weight for 12 weeks. AGM (1 g) contained 6.22 mg cyanidin-3-galactose, 2.5 mg ginsenoside Rg3 and 0.6 mg β-glucan. Px rats had decreased bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and femur and lean body mass in the hip and leg compared to the normal-control and AGM-L and AGM-H prevented the decrease. Visceral fat mass was lower in the control group than the normal-control group and its decrease was smaller by AGM-L and AGM-H. HOMA-IR was lower in descending order of the control, positive-control, AGM-L, AGM-H and normal-control groups. Glucose tolerance was deteriorated in the control group and it was improved by AGM-L and AGM-H more than in the positive-control group. Glucose tolerance is associated with insulin resistance and insulin secretion. Insulin tolerance indicated insulin resistance was highly impaired in diabetic rats, but it was improved in the ascending order of the positive-control, AGM-L and AGM-H. Insulin secretion capacity, measured by hyperglycemic clamp, was much lower in the control group than the normal-control group and it was improved in the ascending order of the positive-control, AGM-L and AGM-H. Diabetes modulated the composition of gut microbiome and AMG prevented the modulation of gut microbiome. In conclusion, AGM improved glucose metabolism by potentiating insulin secretion and reducing insulin resistance in insulin deficient type 2 diabetic rats. The improvement of diabetic status alleviated body composition changes and prevented changes of gut microbiome composition.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0241.v1

Prebiotic Xylo-oligosaccharides Targeting Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Prevent High Fat Diet-induced Hepatic Steatosis in Rats

Sanna Lensu, Raghunath Pariyani, Elina Mäkinen, Baoru Yang, Wisam Saleem, Eveliina Munukka, Maarit Lehti, Anastasiia Driuchina, Jere Linden, Marja Tiirola, Leo Lahti, Satu Pekkala

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: prebiotic; oligosaccharides; gut microbiota; fatty liver; metabolism; mitochondria

Online: 11 September 2020 (04:17:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0036.v1

Molecular Aspects of Varicella-Zoster Virus Latency

Daniel P. Depledge, Tomohiko Sadaoka, Werner J. D. Ouwendijk

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: varicella-zoster virus; latency; reactivation; sensory ganglia; VZV latency-associated transcript; open reading frame 63; RNA-sequencing; epigenetics; immunity

Online: 4 June 2018 (11:49:09 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0521.v1

Unfolded Protein Response-Dependent Communication and Contact among Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria and Plasma Membrane.

Atsushi Saito, Kazunori Imaizumi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Unfolded protein response; ER morphology; Mitochondria-associated ER membrane; ER-PM contact sites

Online: 26 September 2018 (15:44:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0293.v1

Increased Serum Immunoglobulin Responses to Gut Commensal Gram-Negative Bacteria in Unipolar Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder Type 1, Especially When Melancholia is Present

Denitsa Simeonova, Drozdstoy Stoyanov, Jean–Claude Leunis, Andre F. Carvalho, Marta Kubera, Marianna Murdjeva, Michael Maes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: depression; bipolar disorder; gut; bacterial translocation; LPS; oxidative stress; neuro-immune; immunology; psychiatry

Online: 26 July 2019 (00:38:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0225.v1

Antibiotics Treatment Modulates Microglia-Synapses Interaction Through CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Axis

Federica Cordella, Caterina Sanchini, Maria Rosito, Laura Ferrucci, Natalia Pediconi, Barbara Cortese, Francesca Guerrieri, Giuseppe Rubens Pascucci, Fabrizio Antonangeli, Giovanna Peruzzi, Maria Giubettini, Bernadette Basilico, Francesca Pagani, Alfonso Grimaldi, Giuseppina D’Alessandro, Cristina Limatola, Davide Ragozzino, Silvia Di Angelantonio

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: microglia; gut-brain axis; antibiotics; glutamatergic synapses; hippocampus; patch clamp; hippocampal slices.; microbiota; neurons; glutamatergic trasmission

Online: 10 August 2021 (10:04:00 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0434.v1

Role of Micrornas on Immune System Components in Physiological and Pathophysiological Gut Micro Milieu

Erika Cione, Maria Cristina Caroleo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Gut micro milieu, immunity and microRNAs

Online: 23 July 2018 (21:33:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0712.v1

Emerging Evidence on the Effects of Dietary Factors on the Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer

Sandeep Appunni, Muni Rubens, Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy, Anshul Saxena, Raees Tonse, Peter McGranaghan, Adeel Kaiser, Rupesh Kotecha

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: dietary fibers; short chain fatty acid; gut microbiota; colorectal cancer prevention; epigenetics

Online: 29 March 2021 (22:22:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0182.v1

Breakdown of the Paracellular Tight and Adherens Junctions in the Gut and Blood Brain Barrier and Damage to the Vascular Barrier in Patients with Deficit Schizophrenia

Michael Maes, Sunee Sirivichayakul, Buranee Kanchanatawan, Aristo Vojdani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: schizophrenia; inflammation; neuro-immune; oxidative stress; TRYCATs; leaky gut

Online: 19 February 2019 (12:14:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0710.v1

Gut Microbiota Influences Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Susceptibility

Aly Kodio, Drissa Coulibaly, Safiatou Doumbo, Salimata Konaté, Abdoulaye Kassoum Koné, Lamine Tall, Ahmed Konaté, Boureima Guindo, Coralie L’ollivier, Anthony Levasseur, Fadi Bittar, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Raoult Didier, Mahamadou A. Thera, Stéphane Ranque

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Gut microbiota; Mycobiota; Bacteria; Fungi; Malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; 16S metagenomics; ITS metagenomics; Children; Cohort; Mali; Dogon country

Online: 31 May 2021 (08:25:57 CEST)

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The gut microbiota has recently been associated with susceptibility/resistance to malaria in animal models and humans, yet the impact of the gut microbiota on the risk of a malaria attack remains to be assessed. This study aims at assessing the influence of the gut microbiota on malaria attacks and Plasmodium parasitæmia in children living in a malaria-endemic area in Mali. Three hundred healthy children were included in a 16-months cohort study in Bandiagara. Their gut bacteria and fungi community structures were characterised via 16S and ITS metabarcoding from stool samples collected at inclusion. Clinician team monitored the occurrence of malaria attacks. Asymptomatic carriage of Plasmodium was assessed by qPCR. Over the 16-month period, 107 (36%) children experienced at least one occurrence of malaria attacks, and 82 (27%) at least one asymptomatic Plasmodium parasitæmia episode. A higher gut bacteria richness was independently associated with susceptibility to asymptomatic parasitæmia episodes and malaria attacks; while the Shannon H diversity and Chao-1 richness index of gut fungi community structure was relatively homogeneous in children who were and were not infected with P. falciparum. Using a linear discriminant effect size analysis of operational taxonomic units assigned to the species level, 17 bacteria, including Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, Senegalimassilia sp., Atopobiaceae and Lachnosipraceae, and seven fungi, including Dioszegia fristigensis, Ogataea polymorpha and Cutaneotrichosporon cyanovorans, were associated with susceptibility; whereas eight bacteria, including, Bifidobacterium spp., Weissela confusa and Peptostreptococcacea, and 3 fungi, Malassezia sp., Niesslia exosporoides, and Didymocrea leucaenae, were associated with resistance to malaria. Moreover, 15 bacteria, including Coproccus eutactus, Terrisporobacter petrolearius, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Ruminococcaceae, and 13 fungi, including Wallemia mellicola, were associated with susceptibility, whereas 19 bacteria, including Bifidobacterium spp., Bacteroides fragilis, Peptostreptococcacea, and Lactobacillus ruminis, and three fungi, including Cryptococcus neoformans, were associated with resistance to asymptomatic Plasmodium parasitæmia episodes. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings that point the way towards strategies aiming to reduce the risk of malaria by modulating gut microbiota components in at-risk populations.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0141.v1

Upregulation of the Intestinal Paracellular Pathway with Breakdown of Tight and Adherens Junctions in Deficit Schizophrenia

Michael Maes, Sunee Sirivichayakul, Buranee Kanchanatawan, Aristo Vodjani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: schizophrenia; leaky gut; neuro-immune; inflammation; oxidative stress; TRYCATs; cytokines

Online: 15 January 2019 (07:17:55 CET)

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In 2001, the first author of this paper reported that schizophrenia is associated with an increased frequency of the haptoglobin (Hp)-2 gene. The precursor of Hp-2 is zonulin, a molecule that affects intercellular tight junction integrity. Recently, we reported increased plasma IgA/IgM responses to Gram-negative bacteria in deficit schizophrenia indicating leaky gut and gut dysbiosis. The current study was performed to examine the integrity of the paracellular (tight and adherens junctions) and transcellular (cytoskeletal proteins) pathways in deficit versus non-deficit schizophrenia. We measured IgM responses to zonulin, occludin, E-cadherin, talin, actin and vinculin in association with IgA responses to Gram-negative bacteria, CCL-11, IgA responses to tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs), immune activation and IgM to malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO-cysteinyl in 78 schizophrenia patients and 40 controls. We found that the ratio of IgM to zonulin + occudin / talin + actin + viculin (PARA/TRANS) was significantly greater in deficit than in non-deficit schizophrenia and higher in schizophrenia than controls and was significantly associated with increased IgA responses to Gram-negative bacteria. IgM responses to zonulin were positively associated with schizophrenia (versus controls), while IgM to occludin was significantly associated with deficit schizophrenia (versus non-deficit schizophrenia and controls). A large part of the variance (90.8%) in negative and PHEM (psychosis, hostility, excitation and mannerism) symptoms was explained by PARA/TRANS ratio, IgA to Gram-negative bacteria, IgM to E-cadherin and malondialdehyde (MDA) and memory dysfunctions, while 53.3% of the variance in the latter was explained by PARA/TRANS ratio, IgA to Gram-negative bacteria, CCL-11, TRYCATs and immune activation. The results show an upregulated paracellular pathway with breakdown of the tight and ahherens junctions and increased bacterial translocation in deficit schizophrenia. These dysfunctions in the intestinal paracellular route together with lowered natural IgM, immune activation and production of CCL-11 and TRYCATs contribute to the phenomenology of deficit schizophrenia.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0096.v1

Role of the Serotonin Receptor 7 in Brain Plasticity: From Development to Disease

Marianna Crispino, Floriana Volpicelli, Carla Perrone-Capano

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: brain connectivity; brain development; gut-brain axis; neurodevelopmental diseases; neuronal cytoarchitecture; neuroplasticity; regulatory T cells; serotonin (5-HT)

Online: 7 December 2019 (16:55:39 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0186.v1

Roles of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Carrying HSPs in Cancer Biomarkers, Immune Surveillance, and Immune Evasion

Eman Taha, Kisho Ono, Takanori Eguchi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: heat shock protein (HSP); extracellular vesicle (EV); exosome; oncosome; immune evasion; resistance-associated secretory phenotype (RASP); EMT; hypoxia; biomarker; liquid biopsy

Online: 17 August 2019 (16:15:01 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0267.v1

Role of Gut-Microbiota in Hepatocarcinogenesis

Haripriya Gupta, Gi Soo Youn, Min Jea Shin, Ki Tae Suk

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, gut microbiota, gut-liver axis, intestinal dysbiosis

Online: 28 March 2019 (13:43:07 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0369.v1

The Role of Diet, Micronutrients and the Gut Microbiota in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: New Perspectives from the Gut-Retina Axis

Emanuele Rinninella, Maria Cristina Mele, Nicolò Merendino, Marco Cintoni, Gaia Anselmi, Aldo Caporossi, Antonio Gasbarrini, Angelo Maria Minnella

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Gut-retina axis, Gut microbiota, Dietary habits, Micronutrients, Fish oil, omega-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Personalised medicine

Online: 16 October 2018 (17:39:27 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0327.v1

Imaging Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) with FAPi PET

Laura Gilardi, Lighea Simona Airò Farulla, Emre Demirci, Ilaria Clerici, Emanuela Omodeo Salé, Francesco Ceci

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: cancer-associated-fibroblast; fibroblast activation protein; FAPi; Positron emission tomography; FAPi PET; theranostics

Online: 21 January 2022 (13:31:31 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0683.v1

The Association Between Early-Life Gut Microbiota and Long-Term Health and Diseases

Anujit Sarkar, Ji Youn Yoo, Samia Valeria Ozorio Dutra, Katherine Hope Morgan, Maureen Groer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: gut microbiota; early-life gut microbiota; gut dysbiosis; long-term health and disease; Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD)

Online: 27 November 2020 (11:22:07 CET)

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Abstract: Early life gut microbiota have been increasingly recognized as major contributors to short and/or long-term human health and diseases. Numerous studies have demonstrated that human gut microbial colonization begins at birth but continues to develop a succession of taxonomic abundances for two to three years until the gut microbiota reaches adult-like diversity and proportions. Several factors, including gestational age (GA), delivery mode, birth weight, feeding types, antibiotic exposure, maternal microbiome and diet influence the diversity, abundance and function of the early life gut microbiota. Gut microbial life is essential for assisting with the digestion of food substances to release nutrients, exerting control over pathogens, stimulating or modulating the immune system and influencing many systems such as the liver, brain, and endocrine system. Microbial metabolites play multiple roles in these interactions. Furthermore, studies provide evidence supporting that imbalances of the gut microbiota in early life, referred to as dysbiosis, are associated with specific childhood or adult disease outcomes, such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, diabetes, allergic diseases, obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and neurological disorders. These findings support that the human gut microbiota may play a fundamental role in the risk of acquiring diseases that may be programmed during the early life stage. In fact, it is critical to explore the role of the human gut microbiota in early life. In this review, we summarize the general understanding of the colonization and development of the gut microbiota in early life, highlighting the recent findings regarding the relationship between the gut microbiota composition and their metabolites, and immune functions, which could significantly influence long-term health and disease. We then review known pathophysiological interactions of the early gut microbiome with a number of well characterized diseases and pose potential etiological mechanisms.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0416.v1

Changes of Gut Microbiota in Fap and UC Patients in Mediteranean Region of Turkey: An –Omic Landscape to Be Discovered

Abdullah HANTA, Ahmet Rencuzogullari, Ibrahim Boga, Ismail Cem Eray, Atil Bisgin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: dysbiosis; familial adenomatous polyposis,; ulcerative colitis; 16S rRNA; gut microbiota; geo-graphic populations

Online: 16 December 2020 (18:05:43 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0189.v1

The Potential Influence of the Microbiome on the Development and Progression of ADHD

Stephanie Bull-Larsen, M. Hasan Mohajeri

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: microbiome; microbiota-gut-brain axis; ADHD; attention-deficit-hyperactive-disorder

Online: 17 October 2019 (09:04:10 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Dietary Lactoferrin Intervention Was Unable to Improve Cognitive Function from Both Young and Middle-Aged APPswe/PS1dE9 Transgenic Mice

Huanhuan Zhou, Guiping Wang, Lan Luo, Wei Ding, Jia-Ying Xu, Li-Qiang Qin, Zhongxiao Wan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; lactoferrin; cognitive function; gut microbiota; amyloid β

Online: 17 February 2020 (01:00:26 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0281.v1

The Role of Apoptotic Signaling in Axon Guidance

Riley Kellermeyer, Leah M. Heydman, Grant S. Mastick, Thomas Kidd

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: axon guidance; growth cone; cytoskeleton; caspases; apoptosis; signal integration; basal level of caspase activity; death associated inhibitor of apoptosis; axon branching; Netrin; DCC; frazzled; slit; robo; Drosophila

Online: 16 September 2018 (09:43:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0170.v1

Dysbiosis Promotes Gastric Diseases and Impede Therapies by Hijacking Gut Immune Homeostasis

Devinder Toor, Mishi Wsson, Chavi Goel, Naveen Kumar Kaushik, Prashant Kumar, Singh Sandhya, G. Karthikeyan, Anil Kumar, Hridayesh Prakash

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: gut microbiota; macrophages; TLR mimicry; immunoepigenetics; metabolism; sterile inflammation

Online: 17 January 2019 (03:05:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0479.v1

Suboptimal Health Status of High School Students in Guangzhou, Shanxi, and Tibet, China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Gehendra Mahara, Jiazhi Liang, Zhirong Zhang, Qi Ge, Jinxin Zhang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: suboptimal health status; associated factors; high school students; Shanxi; Guangzhou; Tibet; China

Online: 20 September 2020 (14:50:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0386.v1

Exosome Release of Drugs: Coupling with Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Takanori Eguchi, Kisho Ono, Stuart Calderwood, Kuniaki Okamoto

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: resistance-associated secretory phenotype (RASP); extracellular vesicle (EV); exosome; oncosome; drug resistance; epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); heat shock protein (HSP); cell stress response; hypoxia; acidosis; tumor immunology

Online: 29 December 2019 (13:46:21 CET)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0358.v1

High Prevalence of Metal Resistant Genes in Salmonella enterica MDR Plasmids Correlates Severe Toxicities of Water with higher Typhoid AMR

Asit Kumar Chakraborty, Asim Kumar Roy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: MDR typhoid; metal resistant genes; water toxicity; gut microbiome

Online: 20 April 2020 (02:27:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0315.v1

Compound Lactobacillus sp. Administration Ameliorates Stress and Body Growth Through Gut Microbiota Optimization on Piglet Model

Jiajun Yang, Chonglong Wang, Kehe Huang, Minhong Zhang, Jing Wang, Xiaocheng Pan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Lactobacillus; piglet; weaning; gut microbiota; growth enhancement.

Online: 24 December 2019 (10:59:14 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0211.v2

HIV-1: Tackling the Obstacles that Limit the Effectiveness of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing of the T Cell Co-receptor CCR5

Tatiana Hillman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: HIV-1; CRISPR-Cas9; T-cells; lipid nanoparticles; gut-associated-lymphoid tissue; Co-receptors; Probiotics; GI Tract,; Gene Editing

Online: 13 April 2020 (10:57:52 CEST)

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HIV-1 is a complicated and perplexing virus. It infects T cells, reverse transcribes its RNA into DNA, utilizes its host DNA machinery to replicate its HIV-DNA, translates the HIV-DNA into proteins, assembles itself for a budding escape from the T cell, and rapidly mutates its conformation. Partially, due to its complexity, there remains no cure for HIV or AIDs. However, recently with the discovery of TALENs, the use of zinc fingers, and most of all the applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, has given researchers new hope in finding alternative gene therapies and treatments for diseases. With more focus on CRISPR-Cas9, this new and novel technology uses a guiding RNA, sgRNA, to lead a Cas9 nuclease to its target for deletion or to change that DNA site. CRISPR-Cas9 can delete point mutations and multiple DNA sites. Because CRISPR can alter DNA sequences, several scientists have conducted research into CRISPR, possibly treating more diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and even HIV. HIV-1 drew the focus of a researcher named Dr. Ebina in 2013 when he was the first to design and apply CRISPR-Cas9 to genes found in the binding sites of HIV-1, inhibiting HIV-1 gene expression. Since 2013, several other researchers have blocked HIV replication and infection through CRISPR-Cas9 targeting the receptors of T cells called the CC chemokine receptor 5 or CCR5. HIV-1 binds to the CD4 receptor of T cells, which consists of co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4. If CCR5 expression can be removed, the HIV virus cannot bind to T-cells, blocking the initial attachment stage, and discontinuing the infection. However, there remain obstacles and issues for the CRISPR deletion of CCR5 for treating HIV-1. The issues include: 1) finding new and safe methods of CRISPR-Cas9 delivery, 2) clearing the latent HIV reservoirs, 3) improving the sgRNA design to avoid off-target mutations or deletions, and 4) effectively analyze the viral escape of HIV from CRISPR-Cas9 modifications. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss possible techniques for removing the obstacles that can lessen the potential of CRISPR to delete CCR5, repressing HIV-1 into long-term remission or a functional cure.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0338.v1

PHAGE-2 Study: Supplemental Bacteriophages Extend Bifidobacterium animals subsp. lactis BL04 Benefits on Gut Health and Microbiota

Diana S. Grubb, Scott D Wrigley, Kimberley E Freedman, Yuren Wei, Allegra R Vazquez, Roxanne E Trotter, Taylor C Wallace, Sarah A Johnson, Tiffany Weir

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: bacteriophage; Bifidobacterium; gut microbiota; intestinal health; microbiome; probiotic

Online: 15 July 2020 (12:32:41 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

D-Amino Acids are Signaling Agents Under Stress, that Broadly Impact Preventive Medicine

Edna Ben Izhak Monselise

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: D-Glutamate and D-Glutamate racemase; Mitochondria; evolutionary approach; gut microbiota; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS); Motor neurone disease (MND)

Online: 30 September 2019 (03:13:27 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0134.v1

The Role of Probiotic Supplementation on Insulin Resistance in Obesity-Associated Diabetes: A Mini-Review

Seeme Saha, Nazmun Nahar Alam, S M Niazur Rahman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Probiotics; Gut microbiota; Obesity; Insulin resistance; Type 2 Diabetes

Online: 8 October 2021 (10:52:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0209.v1

The Immunosuppressive Microenvironment of Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma and Therapeutic Approaches to Counter It

Donatella Aldinucci, Cinzia Borghese, Naike Casagrande

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Hodgkin lymphoma; tumor microenvironment; immune escape; tumor-associated macrophages

Online: 18 April 2019 (08:14:50 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0089.v1

Impact of Access to Medicines on Public Health. Problems Associated With Access, Use, and Abuse of Antibiotics

Antonio G. Pisabarro, Denisse P. Rivera de la Torre

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: access to medicines; access to antibuotics; impact of access to medicines on public health; problems associated with access; use; abuse of antibiotics resistance; aware; Africa

Online: 5 May 2020 (17:03:07 CEST)

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Access to medicines is one of the essential problems in Public Health of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The World Health Organization (WHO) defines access to medicines as the possibility of "having continuously accessible and affordable medicines in public or private health facilities that are within a kilometer of the place of residence." Access to medicines, as defined by the WHO, is not fully guaranteed in many LMICs and even in many regions of high-resource countries. The WHO identifies several factors as determinants of limitations in the access to medicines: rational selection, affordable prices, sustainable financing, and reliable health services. The action on these factors makes it possible to improve universal access to medicines with consequent improvement in Public Health. Adequate access to antibiotics and vaccination will avoid a large part of the deaths caused by infectious diseases in the LMICs. However, the emergence of resistance and the difficulties in vaccination campaigns due to socio-political or cultural problems make it challenging to fight many easily treatable infectious diseases. The use and abuse of antibiotics are inevitably associated with the appearance of resistances that make them ineffective. Thus, whereas limited access to antibiotics raises mortality rates from infectious diseases, generalized open access to them ends up eliminating their clinical value. Moreover, the contraction of research in this field for many years has reduced the success in discovering new drugs. Additionally, local market regulations, inadequate selection, inaccessible prices, especially for those of second and third-generation, inefficient health systems, and difficulties of administration and control of prescription compliance, especially in the case of combined therapies, are additional obstacles to universal access to antibiotics. In order to simultaneously improve access to antibiotics and keep resistances under control, it is necessary to develop training and education activities at different social levels (from patients to various Health Care Providers) to complement the national or supranational strategic plans.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0438.v1

Non-Human Primate Models of Enteric Viral Infections

Karol Sestak

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Enteric Virus, Non-Human Primate, Virome, Macaque, Dysbiosis, Enteritis, Diarrhea, Animal Model, Rotavirus, Calicivirus, Gut Microbiome

Online: 27 August 2018 (00:17:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0132.v1

Schizophrenia Phenomenology Comprises a Bifactorial General Severity and a Single-group Factor, Which Are Differently Associated with Neurotoxic Immune and Immune-regulatory Pathways

Michael Maes, Aristo Vojdani, Michel Geffard, Estefania Moreira, Decio Sabbatini Barbosa , Ana Paula Michelin , Laura de Oliveira Semeão, Sunee Sirivichayakul, Buranee Kanchanatawan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: schizophrenia; inflammation; oxidative stress; neuro-immune; gut bacteria; antioxidants

Online: 11 August 2019 (14:58:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0421.v1

Microbial Reprogramming: A Promising Approach for the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

Ghizlane Bendriss, Ross MacDonald, Clare McVeigh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: OCd; obsessive-compulsive disorder; microbiota; gut; gut-brain axis; probiotics; fecal transplants; microbial reprogramming

Online: 6 June 2023 (08:53:21 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0041.v1

The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Liver Fibrosis

Na Young Lee, Ki Tae Suk

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: liver cirrhosis; liver fibrosis; gut microbiome' gut-liver axis

Online: 1 December 2020 (18:19:00 CET)

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Working Paper COMMUNICATION

Dietary Fiber and Gut Microbiota in Renal Diets

carla Camerotto, Adamasco Cupisti, Claudia D'Alessandro, Fulvio Muzio, Maurizio Gallieni

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: renal diets; fiber; renal nutrition; chronic kidney disease; gut microbiota

Online: 26 August 2019 (12:23:22 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0023.v1

Unfolded Protein Response-Dependent Communication and Contact among Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria and Plasma Membrane.

Atsushi Saito, Kazunori Imaizumi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Unfolded protein response; ER morphology; Mitochondria-associated ER membrane; ER-PM contact sites

Online: 2 October 2018 (13:41:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0248.v1

Early Critical Phase Transitions of Pericentromere-Associated Domains in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Committed to Differentiation by Heregulin

Jekabs Krigerts, Kristine Salmina, Talivaldis Freivalds, Felikss Rumnieks, Inna Inashkina, Pawel Zayakin, Michael Hausmann, Jekaterina Erenpreisa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: cancer; differentiation commitment; acridine-orange-DNA test; pericentromere-associated domains (PADs); power law of PAD number vs. size; critical self-organisation; unravelling of PADs; silencing threshold

Online: 15 May 2020 (08:01:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0200.v1

Trilactic Glyceride Benefits Intestinal Function of Weaned Piglets

Tao Wu, Kang Li, Yang Lyu, Dan Yi, Di Zhao, Lei Wang, Binying Ding, Yongqing Hou, Guoyao Wu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: trilactic glyceride; intestinal function; gut microbiota; weaned piglet

Online: 18 September 2019 (07:28:51 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0429.v1

Copper-Fructose Interactions: A Novel Mechanism in the Pathogenesis of NAFLD

Ming Song, Miriam Vos, Craig McClain

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: Copper; fructose; Kupffer cell (KC); iron; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); metabolic syndrome; gut microbiota

Online: 18 October 2018 (16:57:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0374.v1

Preclinical Evidence of STAT3 Inhibitor, Pacritinib, Overcomes Temozolomide Resistance via Down-Regulating miR-21-enriched Exosomes from M2 Glioblastoma-Associated Macrophages

Hao-Yu Chuang, Yu-kai Su, Heng-Wei Liu, Chao-Hsuan Chen, Shao-Chih Chiu, Der-Yang Cho, Shinn-Zong Lin, Yueh-Sheng Chen, Chien-Min Lin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Keywords: Tumor microenvironment (TME), glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), GBM- associated macrophages (GAMs), exosomes, oncomiR-21, STAT3 inhibitor.

Online: 31 May 2019 (08:18:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0573.v1

Epidemiological and Microbiological Aspects of Health Care-associated Infections in Ukraine During the 2009–2019 Period

Yulian Konechnyi, Marta Panas, Iryna Tymchuk, Roksolana Konechna, Olena Borysiuk, Iryna Hubytska, Lesya Zhurakhivska, Olena Korniychuk

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: healthcare-associated infections; HCAIs; hospital acquired infections; nosocomial infections; statistical analysis

Online: 24 September 2020 (08:19:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0362.v1

Gut Microbiota and Time-Restricted Feeding/Eating: A Targeted Biomarker and Approach in Precision Nutrition

Falak Zeb, Tareq M. Osaili, Reyad S. Obaid, Farah Naja, Hadia Radwan, Leila Cheikh Ismail, Hayder Hasan, Mona Hashim, Iftikhar Alam, Bismillah Sehar, MoezAlIslam Faris

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: gut microbiome; time-restricted feeding; intermittent fasting; targeted approach; hormonal signaling; metabolic regulators

Online: 24 October 2022 (12:00:48 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0040.v1

Herpesviruses and the Unfolded Protein Response

Benjamin P. Johnston, Craig McCormick

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: unfolded protein response (UPR); integrated stress response (ISR); ATF6; IRE1; XBP1; PERK; ATF4; GADD34; herpesvirus; Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV); cytomegalovirus (CMV); herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Online: 4 December 2019 (04:38:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0320.v2

Phylogenetic and Expression Analysis of CENH3 and APOLLO Genes in Sexual and Apomictic Boechera Species

Evgeny Bakin, Fatih Sezer, Aslıhan Özbilen, Irem Kilic, Buket Uner, Mike Rayko, Kemal Melih Taskin, Vladimir Brukhin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Boechera; Brassicaceae; CENH3; APOLLO; apomixis associated genes; cell division; apomeiosis

Online: 20 December 2021 (10:40:57 CET)

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Apomictic plants (reproducing via asexual seeds), unlike sexual individuals, avoid meiosis and egg cell fertilization. Consequently, apomixis is very important for fixing maternal genotypes in the next plant generations. Despite the progress in the study of apomixis, molecular and genetic regulation of the latter remains poorly understood. So far APOLLO (Aspartate Glutamate Aspartate Aspartate histidine exonuclease) is one of the very few described genes associated with apomixis in Boechera species. The centromere-specific histone H3 variant encoded by CENH3 gene is essential for cell division. Mutations in CENH3 disrupt chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis since the attachment of spindle microtubules to a mutated form of the CENH3 histone fails. This paper presents in silico characteristic of APOLLO and CENH3 genes, which may affect apomixis. Also, we characterize the structure of CENH3, study expression levels of APOLLO and CENH3 in gynoecium/siliques of the natural diploid apomictic and sexual Boechera species at the stages of before and after fertilization. While CENH3 was a single copy gene in all Boechera species, the APOLLO gene have several polymorphic alleles associated with sexual and apomictic reproduction in the Boechera genera. Expression of the APOLLO apo-allele during meiosis was upregulated in gynoecium of apomict B. divaricarpa downregulating after meiosis until 4th day after pollination (DAP). On the 5th DAP, expression in apomictic siliques increased again. In sexual B. stricta gynoecium and siliques APOLLO apo-allele did not express. Expression of the APOLLO sex-allele during and after meiosis in gynoecium of sexual plants was several times higher than that in apomictic gynoecium. However, after pollination the sex-allele was downregulated in sexual siliques to the level of apomicts and increased sharply on the 5th DAP, while in apomictic siliques it almost did not express. At the meiotic stage, the expression level of CENH3 in the gynoecium of apomicts was two times lower than that of the sexual Boechera, decreasing in both species after meiosis and keep remaining very low in siliques of both species for several days after artificial pollination until the 4th DAP, when the expression level raised in sexual B. stricta siliques exceeding 5 times the level in apomictic B. divaricarpa siliques. We also discuss polymorphism and phylogeny of the APOLLO and CENH3 genes.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0143.v1

Treatment Inefficacy for Salmonella During Schistosoma-Salmonella Co-Infections Background, Mechanisms and Future Exploration

Ousman Bajinka, Richard Bradbury, Mingming Qi, Amadou Barrow, Abdoulie O Touray, Yurong Tan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Co-infection; Drug resistance; Gut microbiota; Salmonellosis; Schistosoma

Online: 7 May 2021 (12:02:03 CEST)

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