Submitted:
28 December 2019
Posted:
29 December 2019
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes or oncosomes are released with molecules unfavorable for survival from cells. In addition, accumulating evidence has shown that tumor cells often eject anti-cancer drugs such as chemotherapeutics and targeted drugs within EVs, a novel mechanism of drug resistance. The EV-releasing, drug resistance phenotype is often coupled with cellular dedifferentiation and transformation, cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and taking on a cancer stem cell phenotype. Recent studies have shown that the release of EVs is also involved in immunosuppression. The concept of the resistance-associated secretory phenotype (RASP) is reviewed herein.
Keywords:
resistance-associated secretory phenotype (RASP)
; extracellular vesicle (EV)
; exosome
; oncosome
; drug resistance
; epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)
; heat shock protein (HSP)
; cell stress response
; hypoxia
; acidosis
; tumor immunology
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