We suggest progress regarding the following six physics opportunities. List all elementary particles. Describe dark matter. Explain ratios of dark matter to ordinary matter. Explain eras in the history of the universe. Link properties of objects. Interrelate physics models. We use models based on Diophantine equations.

The importance and near ubiquity of the Golden Ratio in disciplines like chemistry and biology is well known, but only recently has it come to light in areas pertaining to the Quantum domain. By using a modified tool-kit of hyper-complex numbers (known as Dimensional Gate Operators) and numerical analysis, we uncover a connection between hyper-dimensional objects, the Fibonacci sequence and that of quasiparticles and excitations. The results show that dimensionality increases in step with the Fibonacci sequence.

The zero offset voltage in anti-aliasing low-pass filters (LPF) included at the ADC input has a significant effect on the effective bit rate of the ADC. The article discusses methods for minimizing the systematic component of the zero offset voltage (V_OS) of operational amplifiers (Op-Amp) in the structure of the LPF, due to the degradation of the current gain of the base (b) of bipolar transistors for an extremely common subclass of Op-Amp with one high-impedance node. The methods of matching a high-impedance Op-Amp node and a buffer amplifier with the help of special correcting SCM^p and SCMⁿ multipolars are proposed. Methods of description and formation of the given coefficients of weak current asymmetry of typical Op-Amp functional units (current mirrors, input DS, buffer amplifiers, SRC, etc.) are presented. As an example, the results of computer simulation of GaAs Op-Amp with small V_OS performed on JFET field and p-n-p bipolar transistors are given.

Negative thermal quenching (NTQ) denotes that the integral emission spectral intensity of a given phosphor increases continuously with increasing temperature up to a certain elevated temperature. NTQ has been a subject of intensive investigation in recent years and a large number of phosphors were reportedly to have exhibited NTQ. In this paper, a collection of results in the archival literature about NTQ of specific phosphors are discussed from a macroscopic viewpoint in the following three aspects:1) Could NTQ of a given phosphor be reproducible?2) Could the associated data for a given phosphor exhibited NTQ be in line with the law of conservation of energy?3) Could NTQ of a given phosphor be demonstrated in a prototype WLED device? By analyzing typical cases based on common sense, it is hoped to increase the awareness for the issues with the papers reporting NTQ of the specific phosphors based on spectral intensity along with for the importance of keeping stability and consistency of the measurement conditions in temperature-dependent spectral intensity measurement which is a prerequisite for the validity of the measurement results.

The new coronavirus is very likely to already exist in the complex system of human society, including the population and the surrounding environments. Therefore, the research focus of the origin of COVID-19 should be shifted from how wild animals spread it to humans to how it was triggered by complex natural, social, and living systems. We advocate three levels of attribution (i.e., the source of the virus), inducement (i.e., the incentive factors triggering the outbreak), and cause (i.e., the birth of the virus) to reveal the origin of COVID-19 from the shallower to the deeper. It not only meets the urgent needs of short-term prevention and control, but also provides technical weapons for the long-term fight against emerging viruses.

The present study was conducted the status of sea bass from Kokko and Kyuntone of The Gulf of Motttama Wetland (GoMW) area in Thanatpin Township in Bago Region Myanmar from September 2019 to August 2020. Fifty specimens were monthly collected, measured and weighed. Invoices of sea bass were collected for the depot and fish sellers by monthly. In Kokko, mean value of standard length and body weight were highest in March (32.70±1.58, 660.7±112.23). The mean value of standard length was peak in January (31.39±7.16) but peak of body weight was in March (963.24±280.86) in Kyuntone villages. The lowest mean value of standard length and body weight were found in June at both study areas. According to the invoice data revealed that monthly catch weight of sea bass is most abundance in October (829.92) kg in Kokko, (339.12) kg in Kyuntone. Based on price of relations to size group, small size C < 300g (41%) was mostly abundance in Kokko and in Kyuntone small size C < 300g (35%) was second abundance. Specimens were not landed in April and May. In June, young specimens were very rarely seen in both study sites. The important roles of wetland fishes, the economic valuation of GOMW in Myanmar and samples of fishing gear and value chain of sea bass in Myanmar was expressed in this study.

In this work, we consider two SIR patterns with demography: the classical pattern and a modified pattern with a linear transmission coefficient of the infection. By reformulating of each first order differential systems as a system with two second-order differential equations, we investigate the nonlinear dynamics of the system from the Jacobi stability point of view by using the KCC geometric theory. We will study the intrinsic geometric properties of the systems by determining the geometric associated objects: the zero-connection curvature tensor, the nonlinear connection, the Berwald connection, and the five KCC invariants: the first invariant - the external force εi, the second invariant - the deviation curvature tensor Pji, the third invariant - the torsion tensor Pjki, the fourth invariant - the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor Pjkli, and the fifth invariant - the Douglas tensor Djkli. In order to obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the Jacobi stability near the equilibrium points, the deviation curvature tensor will be determined at each equilibrium points. Furthermore, we will compare the Jacobi stability with the classical linear stability, inclusive by diagrams related to the values of parameters of the system.

Modularity is arguably one of the most influential theses guiding research on brain and cognitive function since phrenology. This paper considers the following question: is modularity entailed by recent Bayesian models of brain and cognitive function, especially the predictive processing framework? It starts by considering three of the most well-articulated arguments for the view that modularity and predictive processing work well together. It argues that all three kinds of arguments for modularity come up short, albeit for different reasons. The analysis in this paper, although formulated in the context of predictive processing, speaks to broader issues with how to understand the relationship between functional segregation and integration and the reciprocal architecture of the predictive brain. These conclusions have implications for how to study brain and cognitive function. Specifically, when cognitive neuroscience works within an acyclic Markov decision scheme, adopted by most Bayesian models of brain and cognitive function, it may very well be methodologically misguided. This speaks to an increasing tendency within the cognitive neurosciences to emphasise recurrent and reciprocal neuronal processing captured within newly emerging dynamical causal modelling frameworks. The conclusions also suggest that functional integration is an organising principle of brain and cognitive function.

Due to the lack of theoretical research on the amount of spatio-temporal information in the high-speed photography technologies, obtaining an optimized system with a best amount of spatio-temporal information remains a challenge, resulting in insufficient effective information and observation accuracy for ultrafast events. The paper presents an ultrafast raster imaging (URI) system with a large amount of spatio-temporal information based on the all-optical raster principle in single-shot. Specifically, we derive the optimal equation of spatial resolution and the expression for the maximum amount of spatio-temporal information that can achieve excellent performance for an URI system. It serves as a general guideline for getting a large amount of information design in the URI system. Compared to the existing URI systems, the advanced URI system exhibits an improvement of nearly 1 order of magnitude in the amount of spatio-temporal information, and more than twofold in spatial resolution. It shows a great potential for capturing intricate and non-repetitive ultrafast events on the femtosecond time scale.

The classical propositional calculus (zero-order logic, classical propositional logic), is the most fundamental two-valued logical system. In this paper we present a proof of inconsistency of the classical propositional calculus. Then, we get right away the conclusion that the metatheory of the classical propositional calculus is inconsistent.

In this paper, the new optical wave solutions of truncated M-fractional perturbed Kundu-Eckhaus model with full non-linearity are obtained by utilizing the expa function technique and modified extended tanh expansion function technique. The solutions are in the form of dark soliton, bright soliton, singular solitons and other form of solutions. The gained solutions are helpful for the further development of concerned model. The obtained results have also been presented graphically in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional formats to discuss the dynamical features as well as the parametric dependence of the constructed solutions. The study offers a highly spectacular and acceptable techniques to combine various intriguing wave demonstrations for more sophisticated models of the modern day.

Many historical areas are exposed to many problems and ongoing changes that may negatively affect those areas. One of these historical areas is Historic Jeddah in Saudi Arabia, which was placed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2014. This site is located within the scope of the second largest city in the Kingdom, which is witnessing a continuous urban movement in which the image of the city is changing in response to (Kingdom’s Vision 2030) to modernize the image of its major cities. The study aims to review the urban preservation strategies for historic Jeddah and the vision set for it through the ongoing modernization process of the city, especially with the projects that have been undertaken in it since 2021. The study follows both theoretical and descriptive approaches with the aim of reviewing current conservation strategies. This is with the aim of reaching results related to the challenges facing the area, demonstrating the effectiveness of the conservation strategies used, and deducing what could contribute in the future to the process of developing, preserving, and optimally exploiting it, without losing its value as a result of the modernization processes taking place now, but rather as a compatible part of it.

During the past few years unexpected developments have driven studies in the field of clinical immunology. One driver of immense impact was the outbreak of a pandemic caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2. Excellent recent reviews address diverse aspects of immunological re-search into cardiovascular diseases. Here, we specifically focus on selected studies taking ad-vantage of advanced state-of-the-art molecular genetic methods ranging from genome-wide epi/transcriptome mapping and variant scanning to optogenetics and chemogenetics. First, we discuss emerging clinical relevance of advanced diagnostics for cardiovascular diseases - includ-ing those associated with COVID-19 - with a focus on the role of inflammation in cardiomyopa-thies and arrhythmias. Second, we consider newly identified immunological interactions at or-gan and systems level which affect cardiovascular pathogenesis. Thus, studies into immune in-fluences arising from the intestinal system are moving towards therapeutic exploitation. Fur-ther, powerful new research tools have enabled novel insight into brain – immune system inter-actions at unprecedented resolution. This latter line of investigation emphasizes the strength of influence of emotional stress - acting through defined brain regions - upon viral and cardiovas-cular disorders. Several challenges need to be overcome before the full impact of these far-reaching new findings will hit the clinical arena.

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the behavior of tourists and their intention to travel after certain natural disasters or social unrest. The aim of the research was to establish the influence of psychological profiles of tourists on their decision to choose a tourist destination, using three psychographic techniques BFI-10 (Big Five Inventory), AIO (Activities, Interests, Opinions), and VALS 2 (Values and lifestyle), and a freely determined six-level scale of risk and tourist attractiveness of the imagined destinations. By analyzing the results through structural modeling-path analysis, it was determined that almost all psychographic orientations derived from lifestyles negatively perceive destinations with a high degree of risk and attractiveness, while with the VALS 2 technique, only members of the action orientation tend to accept the risk and challenge of visiting high-risk destinations. The results of the research have a degree of innovation in the application of the combination of the mentioned models, as well as in the theoretical and applied aspects in supplementing the building and strategic planning of the future business.

This paper uses event study analysis to estimate the impact of the Fed’s Quantitative Easing (QE) announcements on the mortgage market during zero lower bound period. A total of 35 QE announcements are identified and their effects are evaluated. The best-fitting IGARCH model with skewed t distribution is used to measure the QE announcement effects on daily changes of the 30-year mortgage rate, the 30-year Treasury rate and the spread between them. Announcements suggesting the start of a new round of QE reduced the mortgage rate tremendously, while the effects of further news diminished. Announcements of an increase in mortgage-backed security purchases decreased the mortgage rate more than the Treasury rate and reduced the credit risk of holding mortgage securities over Treasury securities. The long run effects of QE announcements on the mortgage rate were less than short run effects but persistent. We also find that the previous literature overestimate QE effects on interest rates in general.

In this paper defines the consecutive sum of the digits of a natural number, so far as it becomes less than ten, as an arithmetic function called and then introduces some important properties of this function by proving a few theorems in a way that they can be used as a powerful tool in many cases. As an instance, by introducing a test called test, it has been shown that we are able to examine many algebraic equalities in the form of in which and are arithmetic functions and to easily study many of the algebraic and diophantine equations in the domain of whole numbers. The importance of test for algebraic equalities can be considered equivalent to dimensional equation in physics relations and formulas. Additionally, this arithmetic function can also be useful in factorizing the composite odd numbers.

The transverse momentum distribution of J/ψ mesons produced in pp collisions at the center-of-mass energy 5 TeV, 7 TeV，and 13 TeV is described by the modified Hagedorn function which is based on the Tsallis function and Hagedorn function. The calculated results by the modified Hagedorn function are in accord with experimental data measured by the LHCb Collaboration at LHC. The related parameters are obtained and analyzed.

The present study has been done using the Survey Research. The research sample scale equals 400 people, besides its statistical population is included the 15-year population and most of the city of Kerman in 2020. The method of multistage-cluster-stratified sampling was used in five districts of the city of Kerman, moreover the results have been analyzed by SPSS and AMOSS16 software, and only is one model fitted with reality among five models of designed path. The results of analysis of path diagram indicate that other coefficients of the path all of them are significant except the direct impact of one's image of the body on sport-based cultural capital and social class on the tendency toward the public sport. Other results of the study suggest that sport-based socio-economic capital leaves an indirect effect on sport-based cultural capital by which the tendency of citizens toward the sport grows up. At that showing athletic advertisements in the media are effective on the tendency of citizens to public sport.

The paper proves the existence of a family of axisymmetric equilibrium figures as solutions of a stationary problem with unknown boundaries for the Navier–Stokes equations corresponding to the slow rotation of a viscous compressible two-layer liquid mass about some axis. It is assumed that the liquids are barotropic, capillary and have different viscosities, the internal fluid being bounded by a closed surface. This interface does not intersect with the external boundary of the cloud. The proof is based on implicit function theorem and carried out in the Hölder spaces.

In the depths of inquiry, where thoughts unfurl like tendrils of smoke, this qualitative study ventures into the enigmatic realms of diaspora, migration, and the elusive brain drain within the tapestry of the Philippines. It is a journey guided by a sturdy theoretical framework, traversing the multifaceted dimensions of society, culture, and psyche. Here, the lens expands beyond the confines of economics, delving into the essence of these phenomena, seeking profound insights that dance beneath the surface. Through meticulous analysis of empirical data, hidden truths emerge, illuminating the intricate dynamics of diaspora, the intricate patterns of migration, and the intricate threads that shape migration decisions. Moreover, it peers into the intricate tapestry of impacts that diaspora and migration have on both sending and receiving societies, casting a beam of understanding upon their social, economic, and cultural implications. The study, in its wisdom, extends its reach to offer valuable policy recommendations, serving as a compass for stakeholders and decision-makers. It emphasizes the pivotal importance of harnessing the vast potential held within diaspora, fostering social integration, and bridging the gaps in knowledge that lie in wait. In its entirety, this research harmonizes with the existing body of knowledge, blending seamlessly with the symphony of understanding, and ignites the path towards evidence-based strategies that pave the way for sustainable development and the well-being of societies near and far.

Hubei, Hunan and Henan Provinces are located in Central China, a region with extensive transport networks and trade. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causative agent of pine wilt disease, is spreads mainly through human activities. In order to further understand the genetic structure of PWN in Central China, we studied the genetic information of PWN populations in this region and compared the genetic relationship with strains from Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces. We found that the HB (Hubei) 15, HEN (Henan) 20, HN (Hunan) 07, HN08 and HN10 had significantly more SNPs and homozygotes than other strains from Central China, and their most frequent mutant genotypes also differed from other strains. The clustering results indicated that HB15, HEN 20, HN07, HN08 and HN10 were genetically distinct from other strains and closely related to Guangdong strains. We also observed significant genetic variation among strains in Henan province, suggesting that some of them might have different transmission sources than those from Hubei and Hunan provinces. The results provide a basis for tracing the origin and spread of PWD in China.

The aim of this study was to examine and understand the physiological and biochemical components of the blood and vitreous humor of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Blood was drawn from the arterial (static) line and vitreous humour was extracted using a syringe from healthy goldfish. An automatic haematology analyzer was used to detect 17 physiological indicators, including white blood cells and red blood cells. At the same time, 20 biochemical indexes, including albumin, calcium, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase, were found in the automatic biochemical analyzer. Experiments were also conducted on the effect of blood and vitreous fluid collection on the subsequent survival rate of the celestial goldfish. The findings demonstrated that there were values for 17 physiological indicators in the blood of the goldfish, including red blood cells (2.19 × 1012), white blood cells (62.21 × 109), hemoglobin (138.25g/L), and no eosinophils or basophils. However, no data for 17 physiological indications of vitreous humor were discovered. The quantities of total protein, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and potassium in the vitreous humor were substantially lower than those in the serum (P < 0.01) according to the results of 20 biochemical indexes in the serum and vitreous humor of goldfish. Alkaline phosphatase, chlorine, and creatinine between vitreous humor and serum did not differ significantly(P > 0.05). The levels of glutamic pyruvic transaminase and γ-glutamyl transpeptide in vitreous humor were significantly higher than those in serum (P < 0.01). This experiment provides basic datas for the healthy culture of goldfish and the perfection of hematology in goldfish, and the results will be convenient for the further study of development and formation of celestial eye traits.

This article discusses the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in the Netherlands and intends to show how law and politics combine in river basin management. Initially, the implementation of the WFD in the Netherlands was approached as a technical and administrative issue, handled by water quality and ecology experts, but in 2003 this approach was broken open by the agricultural sector, who were worried about stricter regulation. Subsequently, the environmental objectives of the WFD were set as low as possible and they are not used in authorising individual projects. Yet, in 2015 of the European Court of Justice determined that the environmental objectives have binding effect and that Member States have to refuse authorisation for projects that endanger the achievement of these objectives. In the future, the European Court of Justice and national courts may force the Dutch government to change its approach. They may only do so because and as long as they enjoy sufficient social and political support and function relatively independently. The article concludes that, to understand river basin management fully, one has to open up the black box of water law and become a kind of water lawyer.

Abstract: Mast cell (MC) specific proteases are of particular interest for space biology and medicine due to their biological activity in regulating targets of a specific tissue microenvironment. MC tryptase and chymase obtain the ability to remodel connective tissue through direct and indirect mechanisms. Yet, MC specific protease expression under space flight conditions has not been adequately investigated. Using immunohistochemical stainings, we analyzed in this study the protease profile of the jejunal, gastric and hepatic MC populations in three groups of Mongolian gerbils - vivarium control, synchronous experiment, and 12-day orbital flight on the Foton-M3 spacecraft, - and in two groups - vivarium control and anti-orthostatic suspension - included in the experiment simulating effects of weightlessness in the ground-based conditions. After a space flight, there was a decreased number of MCs in the studied organs combined with an increased proportion of chymase-positive MCs and MCs with a simultaneous content of tryptase and chymase; the secretion of specific proteases into the extracellular matrix increased. These changes in the expression of proteases were observed both in the mucosal and connective tissue MC subpopulations of the stomach and jejunum. Notably, the relative content of tryptase-positive MCs in the studied organs of the digestive system decreased. Space flight conditions simulated in the synchronous experiment caused no similar significant changes in the protease profile of MC populations. The space flight conditions resulted in an increased chymase expression combined with a decreased total number of protease-positive MCs apparently due to participating in the processes of extracellular matrix remodeling and regulating the state of the cardiovascular system.

Here, we review findings and trends in sleep research in 2020-2021 demonstrating how COVID-19 and sleep disorders can induce the BBB leakage via neuroinflammation, which might contribute to the 'coronasomnia' phenomenon. The new studies suggest that the controlling of sleep hygiene and quality should be incorporated into the rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients. We also discuss perspective strategies for prevention of COVID-19-related BBB disorders. We demonstrate that sleep might be a novel biomarker of the BBB leakage and the analysis of sleep EEG patterns can be a breakthrough non-invasive technology for diagnosis of the COVID-19-caused BBB disruption.

This research aims to identify the role of the Dyson model for strategic development in achieving strategic success, and the starting point of the research was the following main question: What is the role of the Dyson model in achieving success?The research was applied in the field in the departments of the Baghdad Municipality, where the examination list was relied upon, which included a set of questions that the senior and middle leaders in the Baghdad Municipality answered, and it was the main means by which the information related to the field of research was collected, and the checklist included two variables and three dimensions From each variable, as each dimension included four questions that express indicators that revolve around one of the research hypotheses, and the case study methodology was used, which defined its path and steps, collected and analyzed field data, and linked it to its theoretical framework, in order to reach To achieve the goal of completing this research, and through analyzing, interpreting and discussing the results, the most important results were drawn up: It was found that the principle of motivation within the departments of Baghdad Municipality does not exist and this affects the employees who do not receive it from the higher leaders in their departments, and this shows that the leaderships in The Municipality of Baghdad do not have the skills and experience. Baghdad Municipality seeks to work alone and not to involve employees who have experiences and skills and strive to achieve development in their departments, and this is what the community members expressed. Among them and poor business completion in their departments.

Ophiura sarsii is a common brittle star species across Arctic and subarctic regions of Atlantic and Pacific oceans. In the Barents Sea O. sarsii is among the dominant echinoderms. We studied genetic diversity of O. sarsii by sequencing the 548 bp fragment of mitochondrial COI gene. O.sarsii demonstrated high genetic diversity in the Barents Sea. Both major Atlantic mtDNA lineages were present in the Barents Sea and were evenly distributed between the northern waters around Svalbard archipelago and the southern part near Murmansk coast of Kola Peninsula. Both regions, as well as other parts of the O.sarsii range, were characterized by high haplotype diversity with a significant number of private haplotypes, being mostly satellites to the two dominant haplotypes, each belonging to a different mtDNA clade. Demographic analyses indicated that the demographic and spatial expansion of Ophiura sarsii in the Barents Sea most plausibly has started during the Bølling–Allerød interstadial, during the deglaciation of the western margin of the Barents Sea.

Imaginary dimensions in physics require an imaginary set of base Planck units and some negative parameter $c_n$ corresponding to the speed of light in vacuum $c$. Fresnel coefficients for the normal incidence of electromagnetic radiation on monolayer graphene introduce the second, negative fine-structure constant $\alpha_2^{-1} \approx -140.178$ as a fundamental constant of nature and this constant introduces these imaginary base Planck units along with this negative parameter $c_n \approx -3.06 \times 10^8~\text{[m/s]}$. Neutron stars and white dwarfs, considered as \emph{objects} emitting perfect black-body radiation, are conjectured to possess energy exceeding their mass-energy equivalence ratios, wherein the imaginary parts of two complex energies inaccessible for direct observation make storing excess of these energies possible. With this assumption, black holes are fundamentally uncharged; charged micro neutron stars and white dwarfs with masses lower than $5.7275 \times 10^{-10}~[\text{kg}]$ cannot be observed; and the radii of white dwarfs' cores are limited to $R_{WD} < 6.7933~G M_{WD}/c^2$, where $M_{WD}$ is a white dwarf mass. This sets the bounds on charged blackbody objects' minimum masses and maximum radii.

Let N = N₀+ N₁+ N₂ be a Z₃-graded Novikov algebra. The main goal of the paper is to prove that over a field of characteristic not equal to 3 the algebra N is solvable if N₀ is solvable. We also show that a $Z_2$-graded Novikov algebra N=N₀+ N₂ over a field of characteristic not equal to 2 is solvable if N₀ is solvable. This implies that for every n of the form n=2^k3^l, any Z_n-graded Novikov algebra N over a field of characteristic not equal to 2,3 is solvable if N₀ is solvable.

Standard Model is well-performing under the three-generation, but in the wake of more physics, fourth-generation leptons and quarks are introduced. In this paper, We will be reviewing various constraints surrounding quarks and leptons of 4th Generation and tried to show the importance of quarks to understand the baryogenesis. We talked about, reviewed existing parameters and set the updated lower limits of t’ and b’ by analysis. And predicted an updated version of lower mass bounds quarks and leptons. It is also reviewed that fourth generation leptons are primarily not possible because of disintegration of Higgs Boson and an interpretation has been setup. And in final, we talked about the Unified Standard Model.

The interfacial mechanics and electrical properties of the SiC reinforced copper matrix composites were studied via the first principles method. The work of adhesion (Wad) and the interfacial energies were calculated to evaluate the stabilities of the SiC/Cu interfacial models. The carbon terminated (CT)-SiC/Cu interfaces were predicted more stable than those of the silicon terminated (ST)-SiC/Cu from the results of the Wad and interfacial energies. The interfacial electron properties of SiC/Cu were studied via the charge density distribution, charge density difference, electron localized functions and partial density of the state. The covalent C-Cu bonds were formed based on the results of the electron properties, which further explained the fact that the interfaces of the CT-SiC/Cu are stable than those of the ST-SiC/Cu. The interfacial mechanics of the SiC/Cu were investigated via the interfacial fracture toughness and ultimate tensile stress, and the results indicate that both CT- and ST-SiC/Cu interfaces are hard to fracture. The ultimate tensile stress of the CT-SiC/Cu is nearly 23GPa, which is smaller than those of the ST-SiC/Cu of 25 GPa. The strains corresponding to their ultimate tensile stresses of the CT- and ST-SiC/Cu are about 0.28 and 0.26, respectively. The higher strains of CT-SiC/Cu indicate their stronger plastic properties on the interfaces of the composites.

Culverts are often required under earth embankment to allow for the crossing of a watercourse, like streams, to prevent the road embankment from obstructing the natural waterway. The opening of the culvert is determined based on the waterway required to accommodate the design flood, whereas the thickness of the culvert section is designed based on the loads applied to the culvert. This paper studies some design parameters of box culverts, such as the thickness of the haunch, the coefficient of earth pressure, the thickness of box culvert, and depth of fill on the top slab, to show the effect of haunch on the stresses of the box culvert. The study investigated the variation in stresses and the cost comparison made for different width of the box culvert. The percentage reduction in the cost of culvert based on the presence of haunch is presented.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, drones) are not just a technological achievement based on modern ideas of artificial intelligence; they also provide a sustainable solution for green technologies in logistics, transport and material handling. In particular, using battery-powered UAVs to transport products can significantly decrease energy and fuel expenses, reduce environmental pollution, and improve the efficiency of clean technologies through improved energy-saving efficiency. We consider the problem of maximizing the average environmental benefit of a fleet of drones given a periodic schedule of tasks performed by the fleet of vehicles. To solve the problem efficiently, we formulate it as an optimization problem on an infinite periodic graph and reduce it to a special type of parametric assignment problem. We exactly solve the problem under consideration in O(n³) time, where n is the number of tasks performed by vehicles.

The material derivative is important in continuum physics. This Letter shows that the expression $\frac{d }{dt}=\frac{\partial }{\partial t}+(\bm v\cdot \bm \nabla)$, used in most literature and textbooks, is incorrect. The correct expression $ \frac{d (:)}{dt}=\frac{\partial }{\partial t}(:)+\bm v\cdot [\bm \nabla (:)]$ is formulated. The solution existence condition of Navier-Stokes equation has been proposed from its form-solution, the conclusion is that "\emph{The Navier-Stokes equation has a solution if and only if the determinant of flow velocity gradient is not zero, namely $\det (\bm \nabla \bm v)\neq 0$.}"

In the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI), comprehending and responding to non-verbal communication is increasingly vital. This research extends AI's reach in bridging communication gaps, notably benefiting American Sign Language (ASL) and Taiwan Sign Language (TSL) communities. It focuses on employing various AI models, especially the Hierarchical Vision Transformer with Shifted Windows (Swin), for recognizing diverse sign language datasets. The study assesses Swin architecture's adaptability to different sign languages, aiming to create a universal platform for Unvoiced communities. Utilizing deep learning and transformer technologies, hybrid application prototypes have been developed for ASL-to-English translations and vice versa, with plans to expand this to multiple sign languages. The Swin models, trained on varied dataset sizes, show considerable accuracy, indicating their flexibility and effectiveness. This research underscores major advancements in sign language recognition and underlines a commitment to inclusive communication in the digital era. Future work will focus on enhancing these models and broadening their scope to include more sign languages, integrating multimodality and Large Language Models (LLMs), thereby fostering global inclusivity.

Over the last two decades, knowledge production, research and reconfiguration of universities have been understood as ways of giving new meanings to the university-society binomial. In this regard, humanities are the subject of multiple debates in the face of ideas about their impact in relation to the "other sciences". Based on these premises, this article sets out to explore possible meanings attributed by researchers to the concepts of commitment, mobilization and transfer of research in humanities in view of the debates on the university-society interaction and the third mission of the university (Alonso, Cuschnir and Napoli, 2021). The methodology used will address bibliographical analysis, theoretical background and statements from different institutions, as well as the analysis of material from four interviews. As a first instance, the preliminary results show that strengthening critical thinking as forms of commitment emerge as central senses, focusing on hungarian characteristics and productions in order to unravel the ways of understanding and imagining Eastern European reality. In this respect, the discussion of certain western knowledge is seen as a task associated with social commitment with public universities as a focus of resistance.

Antigenic drift in influenza strains allows viruses to avoid being fully suppressed by seasonal vaccines. As a result, public interest has led to increased scrutiny and reevaluation of anti-influenza antiviral drugs as possible solutions. Unfortunately, many anti-influenza drugs developed around the globe suffer from a lack of sufficient clinical trials, as well as a lack of toxicity data. This is especially true of Arbidol, a popularly used drug for the prevention and treatment of influenza strains in China and Russia. Neuraminidase inhibitors, which were developed in the United States, also fall victim to inconclusive clinical trials and adverse effects. Adamantanes, while proven to be effective in treating influenza A, are encountering rapid, widespread cross-resistance. Baloxavir marboxil, a newer anti-influenza medication, shows promise in treating acute uncomplicated influenza, and may avoid the development of resistance when coadministered with other antiviral drugs. This review explores the antivirals available for influenzas treatment at this time.

A critical analysis of the classical definition of outsiders is given. Some examples show that this notion is not universal and has at least two drawbacks. Particularly, the set of outsiders may have the probability arbitrary close to one half. On the other hand, the deleting of the set of outsiders may dramatically change the value of the median.

This paper attempts to clarify an long-standing issue about the number of unknowns in the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS). This study shows that all perspectives regarding the numbers of unknowns in the RANS stem from the misinterpretation of the Reynolds stress tensor. The current literature consider that the Reynolds stress tensor has six unknown components; however, this study shows that the Reynolds stress tensor actually has only three unknown components, namely the three components of fluctuation velocity. This understanding might shed a light to understand the well-known closure problem of turbulence.

The influence of the cult television series Twin Peaks (1990-91) can be detected in a wide range of videogames, from adventure, to roleplaying to survival horror titles. While many games variously draw upon the narrative, setting and imagery of the series for inspiration, certain element of the distinctive uncanniness of Twin Peaks are difficult to translate into gameplay, particularly its ability consistently disrupt the expectations and emotional responses of its audience. This paper examines the ways in which the 2010 survival horror title Deadly Premonition attempts to replicate the uncanniness of Twin Peaks in both its narrative and gameplay, noting how it expands upon conceptualisations of the gamerly uncanny (Hoeger and Huber 2007). It contends that Deadly Premonition's awkward and uncanny recombination of seemingly inconsistent and excessive gameplay features mirrors the ways in which David Lynch and Mark Frost draw upon and subvert audience expectations for police procedurals and soap operas in the original Twin Peaks, while also providing a similarly disorienting excess of “realistic” detail. Furthermore its exploration of the theme of possession – a central element of the television series – offers a diegetic exploration of the uncanny relationship between the player and their onscreen avatar.

By combining general relativity and CPT symmetry, the theory of CPT gravity predicts gravitational repulsion between matter and CPT-transformed matter, i.e. antimatter inhabiting an inverted space-time. Such repulsive gravity turned out to be an excellent candidate for explaining the accelerated expansion of the Universe, without the need for dark energy. The recent results of the ALPHA-g experiment, which show gravitational attraction between antihydrogen atoms and the Earth, seem to undermine this success in the cosmological field. Analyzing the above theory, we find two solutions that can be consistent with the experimental results, while preserving the large-scale gravitational repulsion. The first highlights how repulsive gravity can be the result of the interaction with an inverted space-time, but occupied by matter and not antimatter, and therefore the antimatter present in our space-time has no reason to exhibit gravitational repulsion. The second retains the original CPT transformation, resulting in repulsive gravity between matter and antimatter, but with the caveat that antimatter immersed in our space-time cannot exhibit the PT transformation which is the cause of the repulsion. Finally, it is shown that, in a Newtonian approximation of the geodesic equation, time reversal is not a necessary operation for repulsive gravity, therefore opening the possibility of an expanding cosmos with a single time direction.

Based on historical facts, revisited from a present-day perspective, and on the documented opinions of the scientists involved in the discovery themselves, strong arguments are given in favor of a proposal to include prominent astronomer Vesto Slipher to the suggested addition of Georges Lemaître's name to Hubble's law on the expansion of the Universe, and thus eventually call it Hubble-Lemaître-Slipher's (HLS) law.

LASER cladding is a technique which has as main purpose to improve mechanical properties of materials surface with the addition of thin layers of other materials. Cladding/coating/addition material can be transferred to the substrate by powder injection, wire feeding or paste feeding and by the method of pre-placing the powders on the substrate. LASER cladding as a technique has only about 40 years. Is not yet a current technology and more work is needed, namely in the characterization of mechanical properties of new alloys used as base or cladding materials in this process. In this paper will be done initially an historical approach, followed by a description of the principles of the LASER cladding, a description of the applicability of the process and its advantages and limitations and the paper will end with a state of the art about the advances in new metallic alloys. So, this paper presents a review and the state of the art of the technological process and will be a contribution for the divulgation of this recent technique.

(1) Background: “Zero-dose” (ZD) refers to a child not receiving any doses of the pentavalent (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)-Hepatitis B) vaccine in the routine national immunization schedule. These children are vulnerable to vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), and are often already disadvantaged due to poverty, conflict, and lack of access to basic health services. The Luambo health district (HD) is one of the 26 HDs in the Kasai Central Province and has the largest number of ZD children. This study was conducted to examine the factors associated with ZD status in the Luambo HD; (2) Methods: We conducted a mixed study of children aged 12-23 months in the Luambo HD in the Kasai Central Province; (3) Results: A total of 445 children aged 12-23 months were included in the study, including 89 cases and 356 controls. Correlates of zero dose (ZD) status in children aged 12-23 months were mothers who were not receiving Antenatal Care (ANC), of not knowing any VPD, the fact of the children being born in Angola and the fact of the children being born at home. In addition, the perceptions of children’s parents influenced child immunization; (4) Conclusions: Missing ANC services during pregnancy leads to home delivery with consequences being lack of knowledge on childhood’s VPD and subsequently children not being vaccinated.

As an important component of modern service industry, tourism is regarded as a "green" driver to regional economic growth and industrial upgrading. Applying the "quasi-natural experiment" advocated by the “The Belt and Road” Initiative, this paper, based on the method of DID, as-sessed the influence of this initiative on regional tourism development by analyzing panel data collected from 286 prefecture-level cities in China over the period of 2007-2018. It is found that the "The Belt and Road" initiative has stimulated market dynamics and promoted tourism de-velopment in the regions along the route, and has significantly improved indicators such as per capita domestic and inbound tourism revenue and per capita domestic and inbound tourist re-ceipt. Also, the degree of contribution of domestic tourists to the tourism economy of the re-gions where the policy has been implemented is stronger than that of inbound tourists. In sum, the results of this paper not only confirm that the “The Belt and Road” Initiative has significantly contributed to the high-quality tourism development of Chinese provinces along the routes, but also provide important policy enlightenment for the upgrading of regional tourism industry and regional economic balance.

For the solution existence condition of the Navier-Stokes equation, we propose a conjecture as follows: "\emph{The Navier-Stokes equation has a solution if and only if the determinant of flow velocity gradient is not zero, namely $\det (\bm \nabla \bm v)\neq 0$.}"

The main goal of the present paper is to construct some families of the Carlitz’s q-Bernoulli polynomials and numbers. We firstly introduce the modified Carlitz’s q-Bernoulli polynomials and numbers with weight (α, β) and investigate their some explicit properties and identities arising from the bosonic q-Volkenborn integral on ℤ_p. We then define the modified degenerate Carlitz’s q-Bernoulli polynomials and numbers with weight (α, β) and obtain some recurrence relations and other identities. Moreover, we derive some correlations with the modified Carlitz’s q-Bernoulli polynomials with weight (α, β), the modified degenerate Carlitz’s q-Bernoulli polynomials with weight (α, β), the Stirling numbers of the first kind and second kind.

Physics theory has yet to settle on specific descriptions for new elementary particles, for dark matter, and for dark energy forces. Our work extrapolates from the known elementary particles. The work suggests well-specified candidate descriptions for new elementary particles, dark matter, and dark energy forces. This part of the work does not depend on theories of motion. This work embraces symmetries that correlate with motion-centric conservation laws. The candidate descriptions seem to explain data that prior physics theory seems not to explain. Some of that data pertains to elementary particles. Our theory suggests relationships between masses of elementary particles. Our theory suggests a relationship between the strengths of electromagnetism and gravity. Some of that data pertains to astrophysics. Our theory seems to explain ratios of dark matter effects to ordinary matter effects. Our theory seems to explain aspects of galaxy formation. Some of that data pertains to cosmology. Our theory suggests bases for inflation and for changes in the rate of expansion of the universe. Generally, our work proposes extensions to theory in three fields. The fields are elementary particles, astrophysics, and cosmology. Our work suggests new elementary particles and seems to explain otherwise unexplained data.

This qualitative study conducted at St. Michael's College explores the integration of philosophical dimensions in arts and sciences education and its implications for pedagogy and student learning. Drawing on three theoretical framework informed by Piaget, Sartre, and Vigotsky, the study examines the perspectives of 30 participants, including teachers and students, through semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal diverse viewpoints, with some participants emphasizing disciplinary specialization for focused skill development, while others advocate for integrating philosophical dimensions to enhance critical thinking, interdisciplinary connections, and ethical awareness. The implications highlight the importance of balancing disciplinary depth with interdisciplinary exploration in arts and sciences education. Educators are encouraged to recognize the value of disciplinary specialization while integrating philosophical dimensions to foster critical thinking skills, interdisciplinary connections, and ethical awareness among students. Recommendations include providing professional development opportunities for educators, incorporating philosophical perspectives in curriculum frameworks, and exploring the long-term impact of integrating philosophical dimensions on student learning outcomes. Future research should investigate specific pedagogical approaches, consider cultural and contextual factors, and further explore the impact of integrating philosophical horizons to advance educational practices. By embracing the integration of philosophical dimensions, educators can create meaningful learning experiences that promote critical thinking, interdisciplinary connections, and ethical awareness in arts and sciences education.

Personalization, mobility, artificial intelligence, corporate life transferred to the world in social media - all these elements will shape corporate social media in the near future. It is necessary to consider what features and what standards of behaviour enterprises will have to meet in order to build an image in the world of social media and adapt to the preferences and requirements of the client. Corporate social media has been created to support clients in using various services, give them the possibility of easy communication without time and place barriers. Therefore, high-quality corporate social media profiles significantly affect trust in the company and can affect its reputation. Considering that the aim of the article is to examine the impact of social media on the image of the company, various exchanges of perception of the quality of corporate social media, the risks they bring for the company and the perception of them by customers, which gives the image, were examined. The results of empirical research indicate that the secu-rity, simplicity and variety of m-banking services have a significant impact on the perceived qu-ality, which in turn has a positive impact on reputation. The author proposed a methodology based on the Kano model and customer satisfaction in order to examine the declared needs and unspecified desires and divide them into different groups with different impact on consumer satisfaction. The study took the form of an original, universal questionnaire that can be used in other similar studies. The analysis included 861 correctly completed questionnaires, and the ob-tained results were included in the management's action plans after their submission. Enterpri-ses expressed their interest that the measures taken should be reviewed after one to two years.

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the bleeding that occurs during the first weeks of gestation and its implications throughout pregnancy. Secondarily, we assessed the associated complications in order to identify potential risk factors that could be used to select women at higher risk of adverse outcomes that could benefit from an early diagnosis and improved monitoring. Materials and Methods: We made a selection of all the women who consulted in the Emergency Department of the Hospital QuirónSalud in Malaga on 2015 presenting with first trimester metrorrhagia. We refer to first trimester metrorrhagia as that which occurs until week 12+6. Once these pregnant women were identified, we studied several variables not related to the gestation and some others associated with it and its natural course. Results: The average age of the patients assessed was 34.1. Associated gestational complications were metrorrhagia in the second trimester (6.3%), threatened preterm labour (7.4%), preeclampsia (2.5%), gestational diabetes (7.4%), late abortion (1.2%) and early postpartum hemorrhage (1.8%). We sought associations to assess possible risk factors, establishing an increased maternal age as an aggravating factor for the development of complications. We also studied gestational complications finding a higher prevalence of them in older women, such as prematurity (33.11 vs 34.48 years), gestational diabetes (33.11 vs 36.06 years) and preeclampsia (33.25 vs 35 years). Conclusions: Maternal age is a risk factor for first-trimester spontaneous miscarriage and for the development of complications of pregnancy. It is crucial to perform a correct screening of different pathologies throughout the pregnancy to anticipate potential complications.

This study aimed to assess the psychological effects of being processed by the justice system, either as a plaintiff or as a defendant. The sample consisted of 360 subjects, 32.8% defendants and 52.2% plaintiffs, residents in the Autonomous Community of Galicia (NW Spain). A lot of psychological test were administered. The results indicated significant differences between plaintiffs and defendants. The former were more pessimistic about the future, used poor strategies for protecting health, and had less empathy. In contrast, defendants had a more negative outlook on life, and in general more psychosomatic symptomology. Thus, both defendants and plaintiffs suffered health problems. Moreover, the group with the longest exposure to litigation had the worst deteriorated health. In conclusion, defendants were more pessimistic about the future, used poor strategies for protecting their own health, and showed less empathy. Likewise, plaintiffs had a more negative outlook on life, and on the whole presented more psychosomatic symptomology. Thus, both defendants and plaintiffs presented health problems. Moreover, the comparison between litigants and non-litigants showed health was more deteriorated in the former, but only in a few specific variables.

The aim of this study is to investigate “resource portfolios” and total capital, as well as the degree of those resources capitalization, which representatives of different social classes in the modern Latvia have at their disposal. The amount and structure of “resource portfolio” and total capital of different social classes studied using the resource-asset-capital approach. The article presents results of the sociological survey of social stratification in modern Latvia on the example of its one region – Latgale (2019, n = 798, representative sample of the adult population), identifying social classes based on two objective (income and education) and one subjective (self-identification of respondents) criteria. Based on the example of the lower working class and the middle class, the authors proved that representatives of these polar social classes have a total capital of different amount, which is determined by two main reasons: 1) the lower working class has statistically significantly smaller “resource portfolio” than the middle class; 2) the lower working class is not so successful as the middle class in activating the resources at their disposal, turning them into their capital. These statistically significant two-level differences have to be considered when pursuing social policies on reducing differences between social classes.

Introduction: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) represents the most frequent form of monogenic diabetes mellitus (DM), currently classified in 14 distinct subtypes according to single gene mutations involved in the differentiation and function of pancreatic β-cells. Case report: The female patient at the age of 16 years old was diagnosed with non-autoimmune DM with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) value of 6.5%. After 6 years of dietary and lifestyle interventions due to the worsening of the glycometabolic profile, oral hypoglicemic therapy was initiated including at first only metformin, and subsequently also sulfonylureas and DPP-IV inhibitor. 11 years after diagnosis glargine insulin was started, associated 3 years later with Lispro insulin because of the worsening of the post-prandial glycaemia. According to the genetic testing a compound heterozygosis of two novel variants of uncertain/unknown clinical significance of BLK and RFX6 genes, respectively c.1013T>C (Ile338Thr) and c.1072G>A (Val358Ile), was identified. The RFX6 variant was also detected in the patient’s mother genome, while the BLK variant in her father’s. Discussion: Up to 11% of MODY has unknown etiology, suggesting that the genetic landscape is still to be explored. Recently, novel causal genes, involved in the differentiation and function of β-cells, have been identified such as RFX6, NKX2.2, NKX6.1, WFS1 and PCBD1. Genetic and clinical features of MODY variants remain highly heterogeneous, with no direct genotype-phenotype correlation especially in the low-penetrant subtypes. Thus, the aim of our paper is to present additionally to such rare case of a compound heterozygosity BLK/RFX6 underlying MODY, also a brief review of literature focused on the rare and reduced-penetrant variants, as well as on some controversies regarding this subtype of monogenic diabetes. Conclusions: Due to the limited data available, the assessment of MODY related-genes pathogenicity remains challenging especially in the setting of rare and low-penetrant subtypes. In consideration of the crucial importance of an accurate diagnosis, prognosis and management of MODY, more studies are warranted to further investigate its genetic landscape, the genotype-phenotype correlation, as well as the pathogenetic contribution of the non-genetic modifiers in this cohort of patients.

There is a growing concern about climate change being a serious threat to insurance business sustainability. Knowing if climate warming is a cause for claims and losses increase, and how this cause-effect relationship will develop in the future are two open major questions. In this article, we answer both questions by particularizing the geographical area of Spain, and a precise risk, hailstorm in crop insurance in the line of business of wine grapes. We measure climate change thanks to the Spanish Actuarial Climate Index (SACI). We use a database containing all the claims caused by hail risk in Spain from 1990 to 2022. With homogenized data, we consider as dependent variables the monthly number of claims, monthly number of loss costs equal to one, and monthly total losses. The independent variable is the monthly Spanish Actuarial Climate Index (SACI). We try to explain the former through the latter using regression and quantile regression models. Our main finding is that climate change as measured by SACI explains these three dependent variables. We also give an estimation of the increase of the monthly total losses Value at Risk, corresponding to a future increase in climate change measured in units of SACI. Spanish crop insurance managers should carefully incorporate these conclusions into their decision-making process to keep this line of business sustainable in the future.

In recent years, nocturnal ozone enhancement(NOE) events have become a hot research topic in the field of atmospheric environment. By using statistically-based data analysis, we made a comparative investigation about nocturnal ozone concentrations and NOE events in 2022 and 2023, and further explored the effects of NOE events on O3 and PM2.5 at the night of the same day and the next day. The results showed that from 2022 to 2023 in Dongying, the annual average nocturnal ozone concentrations increased from 51 μg/m3 to 59 μg/m3, and the frequency of NOE events was higher in spring, summer and autumn, and lower in winter. NOE events not only had an obvious promoting effect on nocturnal O3 and Ox, and the daily maximum 8 h average concentration of O3 (MDA8-O3) of the same day (more apparent in summer and autumn), and nocturnal PM2.5 and PM2.5-bounded NO3- and SO42- (more apparent in winter), but also had a distinct influence on O3, Ox and MDA8-O3 of the next day (more apparent in summer). The results could strengthen the understanding of the phenomena of NOE events, and provide a scientific basis for the collaborative control of PM2.5 and ozone in urban areas in the Yellow River Delta, China.

Abstract: Background: Stigma in health can result in a broad range of vulnerabilities and risk for patients and healthcare providers. The media plays a role in people’s understanding of health and stigma is socially constructed through many communication channels including via media framing. Among health issues that were affected by stigma recently were the Monkeypox and Covid-19. Objectives: This research aims to examine how The Washington Post framed stigma around mon-keypox and COVID-19. Guided by the framing theory and stigma theory, online news coverage for monkeypox and COVID-19 were analyzed to understand the construction of social stigma through the media reporting. Methods: This research employed a qualitative content analysis to compare news framing in The Washington Post online news regarding monkeypox and COVID-19. Results: Based on endemic, reassurance, and sexual transmission frames, the The Washington Post predominantly defined Africa as the source of the disease, blames gay communities, and empha-sizes no need to worry about the spread of the monkeypox virus. For the COVID-19 coverage, The Washington Post described China as the source of the coronavirus and constructs the image of panic towards the spread of the virus. Conclusions: The shifts in stigma discourse essentially manifest racism, xenophobia, and sexism in public health. This research affirms that the media reinforces stigma phenomenon in health through framing and offers constructive suggestions for mitigating this issue.

This narrative review provides a thorough examination of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), encompassing its etiology, the role of drug holidays, and contemporary treatment approaches. By systematically analyzing literature from 2022 to 2023, this paper synthesizes the latest findings and trends in MRONJ research. The study emphasizes the importance of a holistic understanding of MRONJ, beginning with its etiological factors, assessing the therapeutic implications of drug holidays, and evaluating the efficacy of current treatment modalities. This review aims to offer clinicians and researchers a consolidated resource, highlighting the intricacies of MRONJ management and proposing directions for future research. Through this comprehensive approach, the paper seeks to advance the understanding and treatment of MRONJ, ensuring an evidence-based, patient-centric approach in clinical practice.

Precipitation and human activities are two essential forcing dynamics that influence hydrological processes. To investigate those impacts, the Zuli River Basin (ZRB, a typical tributary basin of the Yellow River in China) was chosen to identify the impact of precipitation and human activities on runoff and sediment discharge. A double mass curve (DMC) analysis and the test methods, including accumulated variance analysis, sequential cluster, Lee-Heghnian, and moving t-test methods was utilized to determine the abrupt change point based on data from 1956 to 2015. Correlation formulas and multiple regression methods were used to calculate the runoff and sediment discharge reduction effects of soil conservation measures and to estimate the contribution rate of precipitation and soil conservation measures to runoff and sediment discharge. Our results show that the runoff reduction effect of soil conservation measures (45%) is greater than the sediment discharge reduction effect (32%). Soil conservation measures were the main factor controlling the 74.5% and 75.0% decrease in runoff and sediment discharge, respectively. Additionally, the contribution rate of vegetation measures was higher than that of engineering measures. This study provides scientific strategies for water resource management and soil conservation planning at catchment scale to face future hydrological variability.

Autonomous differential equations of fractional order and non-singular kernel are solved. While solutions can be obtained through numerical, graphical, or analytical solutions, we seek an implicit analytical solution.

In this paper, we define new kind of Daehee numbers, the degenerate Daehee numbers of the third kind, using degenerate log function as generating function. We obtain some identities for the degenerate Daehee numbers of the third kind associated with the Daehee, degenerate Daehee and degenerate Daehee numbers of the second kind. In addition, we derive a differential equation associated with the degenerate log function. We deduce some identities from the differential equation.

CD39 is involved in adenosine metabolism through conversion of extracellular ATP to adenosine. Because extracellular adenosine plays a critical role in the immune suppression of tumor microenvironment, the inhibition of CD39 activity by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is one of the important strategies for tumor therapy. In this study, we developed specific and sensitive mAbs for mouse CD39 (mCD39) using the Cell-Based Immunization and Screening (CBIS) method. The established anti-mCD39 mAbs, which were established by the CBIS method including C₃₉Mab-1 (rat IgG_2a, kappa) and C₃₉Mab-2 (rat IgG_2a, lambda), reacted with not only mCD39-overexpressed Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO/mCD39) but also endogenously mCD39-expressed cell lines, such as L1210 (mouse lymphocytic leukemia) and J774-1 (mouse macrophage-like) cell lines through flow cytometry. Kinetic analyses using flow cytometry indicated that the dissociation constant (K_D) of C₃₉Mab-1 and C₃₉Mab-2 for CHO/mCD39 was 7.3 × 10⁻⁹ M and 5.5 × 10⁻⁹ M, respectively. K_D of C₃₉Mab-1 and C₃₉Mab-2 for L1210 was 3.3 × 10⁻⁹ M and 3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ M, respectively. Furthermore, C₃₉Mab-1 could detect the lysate of CHO/mCD39 by western blot analysis. These results indicate that C₃₉Mab-1 and C₃₉Mab-2 are useful for the detection of mCD39 in many functional studies.

Whole genome duplication (WGD) or polyploidization can occur at the cellular, tissue, and organismal levels. At the cellular level, tetraploidization has been proposed as a driver of aneuploidy and genome instability, and correlates strongly with cancer progression, metastasis, and development of drugs resistance[1–6]. WGD is also a key developmental strategy for regulating cell size, metabolism, and cellular function[1,7–10]. In specific tissues, WGD is involved in normal development (e.g. organogenesis), tissue homeostasis, wound healing, and regeneration[10–17]. At the organismal level, WGD propels evolutionary processes such as adaptation[18], speciation[19], and crop domestication[20]. An essential strategy to further our understanding of the mechanisms promoting WGD and its effects is to compare isogenic strains that differ only in their ploidy. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is emerging as an animal model for these comparisons, in part because relatively stable and fertile tetraploid strains can be produced rapidly from nearly any diploid strain[7]. Here we review the use of Caenorhabditis polyploids as tools to understand important developmental processes (e.g. sex determination, dosage compensation, and allometric relationships)[21–27] and cellular processes (e.g. cell cycle regulation, chromosome dynamics during meiosis)[28–32]. We also discuss how the unique characteristics of the C. elegans WGD model will enable significant advances in our understanding of mechanisms of polyploidization and its role in development and disease.

Soil microbial diversity in areas affected by coal mining subsidence is closely associated with vegetation restoration. In this study, we compared the diversity of soil bacteria and fungi under different vegetation restoration modes in the subsidized Daliuta coal mining region in western China. The dominant bacteria, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria, were found at abundances of 29.43–34.68%, 15.87–24.75%, 13.09–19%, and 12.06–15.36%, respectively. The dominant fungi, Ascomycetes and Zygomycetes, had abundances of 23.96–71.08% and 10.42–56.26%, respectively. The diversity indices (Sobs, Shannon, and Chao1) of the rhizosphere soil bacteria and fungi were significantly lower in the primary Stipa breviflora phytocommunity than in the phytocommunities of transplanted trees. Among physicochemical soil parameters, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), water content (WC), and pH affected soil bacterial diversity, and available phosphorus (AP) and TN affected bacterial community structure the most. Furthermore, WC affected soil fungal diversity, whereas TP and TN mostly affected the fungal community structure. However, edaphic factors did not uniformly affect all microbial groups. Although TN, WC, and AP significantly influenced the species richness of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria (p<0.05), TP was significantly negatively correlated with species richness in Acomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota (p<0.05). However, TN influenced the species richness of Zygomycota (p<0.05) . Furthermore, we found that the rhizosphere microbial diversity of the CK phytocommunity differed from that of the transplanted tree communities in the study area; i.e., the transplanted trees promoted soil microbial diversity in phytocommunities, and moreover, different edaphic factors varied in their effect on the community composition of rhizosphere bacteria and fungi. We will continue to monitor the soil microbial diversity in the study area with the goal to provide guidance for environmental remediation of areas affected by coal mining subsidence.

Vibration suppression in a field of frequencies and the creation of band gaps which do not allow the propagation of the waves is studied in this paper by means of microstructures designed through topology optimization. Topology optimization is formulated in frequency domain. Band gap design is based on Floquet-Bloch theory and genetic optimization. The result is appealing in view of modern 3D printing techniques.

In this paper, we make research on fractal characteristics of the superposition of fractal surfaces in the view of fractal dimension. We give the upper bound of the lower and upper Box dimension of the graph of the sum of two bivariate continuous functions and calculate the exact values of them under some particular conditions. Further, it has been proved that the superposition of two continuous surfaces cannot keep the fractal dimensions invariable unless both of them are two-dimensional. A concrete example of numerical experiment has been provided to verify our theoretical results. This study can be applied to the fractal analysis of metal fracture surfaces or computer image surfaces.

The aim of this study was to determine the technical potential of the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone and to identify potential areas for offshore wind development. The paper proposes a GIS-based methodology in which a unique set of constraint-related criteria was employed to select the bests sites. These criteria included wind velocity, water depth, distance from nature conser-vation areas, distance from submarine cables and gas pipelines, distance from shipping routes, distance from fishing areas, distance from shipwrecks, distance from coastline. The Analytic Hi-erarchy Process was employed to indicate the best locations. Accordingly, the total suitable marine area of 16218.67 square kilometers was divided into three parts, in which the highly suitable area accounted for 17.55%, the moderately suitable area was 48.56%, and the marginally suitable area was 10.26%. Two different spatial configurations for the deployment of individual wind turbines were considered to assess the offshore wind potential. First configuration could accommodate 3664 turbines with overall electrical capacity equal to 54.96 GW, whereas the second one 2347 turbines with overall electrical capacity equal to 35.2 GW. The technical potential only in highly suitable areas was equal to 15.24 GW and 9.15 GW, respectively. The results were presented in the form of maps over the domain covering with spatial resolution of 1 km x 1 km.

"The wisdom of crowd'' is so often observed in social discourses and activities around us. The manifestations of it are, however, so intrinsically embedded and behaviorally accepted that an elaboration of a social phenomenon evidencing such wisdom is often cheered as a discovery; or at least an astonishing fact. One such scenario is explored here, namely conceptualization and modeling of a food safety system, a system directly related to social cognition. Food safety is an area of concern these days. Models representing the food safety systems are recently published to study the effect of interactions between important entities of the system. For example, Knowles’s model finds conditions leading to a more efficient and dependable system of entities like consumers, regulators and stores with specific focus on regulators behavior and their impact on the food safety. The first contribution of this paper is reevaluation of Knowles’s model towards a more conscious understanding of ``the wisdom of crowd'' effects on inspection and consuming behaviors. The second contribution is augmenting of the model with social networking capabilities, which acts as a medium to spread information about stores and help consumers find stores which are not contaminated. Simulation results reveal that stores’ respecting social cognition improve effectiveness of the food safety system for consumers and stores both. Simulation findings also reveals that an active society has a capability to self-organize effectively even in the absence of any regulatory compulsion.

Design process can be divided into stages of analysis and synthesis. This paper presents the application of the object-oriented technique to the synthesis as well as theoretical considerations concerning to design of gear size ranges. The synthesis consists in composition (aggregation) of single details into units – according to the rule: “from details up to general view”. The basics of the object-oriented synthesis were formulated. Furthermore, the consecutive stages of synthesis were formulated. The interactions between these stages were discussed. Some aspects were described in details e.g.: creation of interfaces for performance of the embodiment phase the designed artefact via CAD system drawing with specification (dimensions are still parametrically set). The final step of the procedure is creation of so called substantial (concrete) form of artifacts i.e. final assignment of dimensions which stored in the special data base. The final stage of the design process is issuing of technical documentation (technical drawings) created automatically via CAD system. The considerations are terminated by the list of advantages connected with the object-oriented approach to design (in comparison to the traditional way).

Introduction: Osteosarcomas of the jaw (OSJ) are rare tumors with a different behavior from osteosarcomas of other bones. This study aims to analyze the clinical, pathological, and therapeutic characteristics of this type of sarcoma. Methods: a retrospective observational study of cases diagnosed with OSJ registered at the “La Paz” University Hospital (Madrid). Results: Eight cases with a diagnosis of OSJ were obtained in a study period of 22 years (2000-2022). The mean age was 41 years. The distribution was 1:1 between the maxilla and mandible. Painful inflammation was the most frequent clinical manifestation. Conventional osteoblastic osteosarcoma was the most common. Survival at 5 years was 50%, while at 10 years, it decreased to 25%. Conclusions: OSJ differs from conventional osteosarcomas of long tubular bones. Surgery continues to be the mainstay of treatment; more studies are needed in which more standardized protocols can be proposed for adjuvant therapeutic management.

Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive pest that has spread in various parts of the world. These pests have the ability to spread and adapt highly to new habitats. Until now, it is not known with certainty the distribution of these invasive pests in Eastern Indonesia, especially Bali and Nusa Tenggara. This study aims to map the spatial distribution and genetic distribution of S. frugiperda which damages maize in the areas of Bali and Nusa Tenggara. This research was conducted using a survey method from May to September 2022 covering the islands of Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, and Timor. The results showed that S. frugiperda had spread evenly in Bali and Nusa Tenggara. The results of PCR amplification in the COI gene from 9 sample isolates from all research locations showed the similarity of DNA bands leading to the Spodoptera frugiperda species with a banding pattern length of 683 – 697. These results indicated that the distribution of genetic variants of corn caterpillars in Bali, NTB, and NTT was confirmed as S. frugiperda species. However, the isolated gene S. frugiferda, which was shown by the alignment results of the sequences from Lombok, was confirmed as a different strain from strains from Bali, Sumba, Sumbawa, Flores, and Timor. This incident can be seen from the difference in the protein base composition of S. frugiperda from Bali, Sumba, Sumbawa, Timor, and Flores. The results of phylogenetic analysis in this study confirmed 3 clusters of the genetic closeness of S. frugiperda. Cluster-1 comes from the results of the search for specimens of JB FAW and KB FAW from Bali, SB FAW and SB FAW Sorghum from Sumba, SW FAW from Sumbawa, KP FAW from Timor, and FL FAW from Flores. Cluster-2 is an isolate outside of our species. Cluster-3 comes from the search for LT and LS FAW specimens from Lombok. The genetic distance between cluster-1 and cluster-3 is quite far, which is 0.20 mu.

Background: To compare the clinical efficacy of Japas osteotomy of the middle foot and first metatarsal sequence osteotomy in treating children with cavovarus foot deformity. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical effect of cavovarus foot surgery from January 2012 to January 2019. Thirty light and medium cavovarus foot cases underwent osteotomy based on soft tissue release. Among them, 16 cases of 22 feet underwent first metatarsal sequence osteotomy, and 14 cases of 21 feet underwent middle foot Japas osteotomy. Ankle-posterior foot (Wicart) scoring system was used to evaluate the good and good rates of the two surgical methods. X-ray films were taken before and after the last follow-up in a standing weight-bearing position, and Meary Angle, Hibb Angle, and Pitch Angle were measured to compare the clinical efficacy of the two surgical methods in correcting the light and medium-cavovarus foot deformity.Results: (1) All patients were followed up for an average of 30 months. There was no significant difference in Meary, Hibb, and Pitch Angle between first metatarsal osteotomy and middle foot Japas osteotomy before surgery, indicating that the severity of malformation was similar between the two groups. (2) The Meary, Hibb, and Pitch Angle of the last follow-up were compared between the two groups (P>0.05), which showed no statistical significance, indicating that the two surgical methods had similar effects on cavovarus deformity correction. (3) At the most recent follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the percentage of patients who achieved an excellent or good Wicart score; for the first metatarsal osteotomy group, the rate was 87%, and for the Japas osteotomy group was 90%; the Fisher test p>0.05 indicates that the postoperative excellent and good rates of the two treatments are comparable.II (4) Comparison of operation time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups, P<0.05, showed statistically significant differences, indicating that the first metatarsal osteotomy had obvious advantages over Japas osteotomy operation time and intraoperative blood loss. Conclusions: There is no significant difference in postoperative efficacy between first metatarsal osteotomy and Japas osteotomy for light and medium-cavovarus with the apex of the deformity located at the medial cuneus or navicular cuneiform joint. However, the intraoperative blood loss and operative time of first metatarsal osteotomy are superior to Japas osteotomy of the middle foot, and the trauma to children is less. Therefore, the first metatarsal osteotomy can be considered a surgical procedure.

The energy, momentum and the action associated with the time domain transition radiation fields are investigated. The results show that for a charged particle moving with speed $v$, the longitudinal momentum associated with the transition radiation is approximately equal to $E/c$ for values of $1-v/c$ smaller than about 10^-3 where $E$ is the total radiated energy and c is the speed of light in free space. The action of the transition radiation, defined as the product of the energy dissipated and the duration of the emission, increases as $1-v/c$ decreases and, for an electron, it becomes equal to $h/4\pi$ when $v=c-v_m$ where $v_m$ is the speed associated with the lowest energy state of a particle confined inside the universe and h is the Plank constant. Combining these results with Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, an expression for the electronic charge based on other fundamental physical constants is derived. The best agreement between the experimentally observed electronic charge and the theoretical prediction is obtained when one assumes that the actual size of the universe is about 250 times larger than the visible universe.

Based on author's previous work [Sun, B. The Reynolds Navier-Stokes Turbulence Equations of Incompressible Flow Are Closed Rather Than Unclosed. Preprints 2018, 2018060461 (doi: 10.20944/preprints201806.0461.v1)], this paper proposed an explicit representation of velocity fluctuation and formulated the Reynolds stress tensor in terms of the mean velocity field. The proposed closed Reynolds Navier-Stokes turbulence formulations reveal that the mean vorticity is the key source of producing turbulence.

Ceruminous gland tumours are rare injuries of the external auditory canal (EAC). This tumor, even if considered a slow-growing carcinoma, has high rate of perineural invasion and metastasis. For this reason, it must be promptly diagnosed, then it must be treated with aggressive surgery combined with postoperative radiation. The present case report is about a case of an adenoid cystic carcinoma arising the external auditory canal of 46 years old female patient, who complained hypoacusis and pain. The profile of medical liability is substantiated on the delayed diagnosis when the lately observed tumor progression by the invasion of both surrounding bone and vascular structures.

This paper considers the problem of quantifying the quality of a model selection problem for a graphical model. The model selection problem often uses a distance measure such as the Kulback-Leibler (KL) distance to quantify the quality of the approximation between the original distribution and the model distribution. We extend this work by formulating the problem as a detection problem between the original distribution and the model distribution. In particular, we focus on the covariance selection problem by Dempster, [1], and consider the cases where the distributions are Gaussian distributions. Previous work showed that if the approximation model is a tree, that the optimal tree that minimizes the KL divergence can be found by using the Chow-Liu algorithm [2]. While the algorithm minimizes the KL divergence it does not minimize other measures such as other divergences and the area under the curve (AUC). These measures all depend on the eigenvalues of the correlation approximation measure (CAM). We find expressions for KL divergence, log-likelihood ratio, and AUC as a function of the CAM. Easily computable upper and lower bounds are also found for the AUC. The paper concludes by computing these measures for real and synthetic simulation data.

In the paper, the author (1) presents an explicit formula and its inversion formula for higher order derivatives of generating functions of the Bell polynomials, with the help of the Faà di Bruno formula, properties of the Bell polynomials of the second kind, and the inversion theorem for the Stirling numbers of the first and second kinds; (2) recovers an explicit formula and its inversion formula for the Bell polynomials in terms of the Stirling numbers of the first and second kinds, with the aid of the above explicit formula and its inversion formula for higher order derivatives of generating functions of the Bell polynomials; (3) constructs some determinantal and product inequalities and deduces the logarithmic convexity of the Bell polynomials, with the assistance of the complete monotonicity of generating functions of the Bell polynomials. These inequalities are main results of the paper.

It is proved that there exist two odd prime numbers, p_i and p_j , such that p_i + p_j = 2r + 2(r ⩾ 2), where p_n denote the n-th odd prime number, 1 ⩽ i, j ⩽ n. By the theory of generating functions, we prove that there exist two positive integers, h_i and h_j , such that h_i + h_j = r(r ⩾ 2), where h_n = (p_n − 1)/2，(p_n ⩾ 3).Then we complete the proof.

Through long-term Rayleigh lidar observations during 2010-2022, atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) activities in the middle atmosphere (30–65 km) are statistically investigated at Haikou (110.3°E, 19.9°N) in China. In total, 827 quasi-monochromatic AGW events are identified from the lidar dataset, and the vertical wavelength, observed wave period, and vertical propagation direction of dominant waves are extracted for each AGW event by analyzing the power spectra of wave-induced temperature perturbations. It is revealed that 81.7% of all AGW events were associated with upward-propagating waves, and the proportion of upward-propagating AGWs reached a maximum in autumn and a minimum in winter. The most common vertical wavelengths and wave periods were 6–11 km and 4–10 hours, respectively. In particular, 68 AGW events associated with simultaneous upward and downward propagating waves were observed by lidar, corresponding to 8.2% of the events. The occurrence of such special AGW phenomena is qualitatively discussed, and multiple formation mechanisms may exist. Comparisons are made with previously reported lidar observation results, and the statistical features of AGW activity in the low-latitude middle atmosphere may vary over a relatively wide range depending on the location and altitude. However, a majority of AGWs propagate upward in the middle atmosphere.

This last decade, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has become a real treatment option for patients with B-cell malignancies, while multiple efforts are being made to extend this therapy to other malignancies and broader patient populations. However, several limitations remain, including those associated with the time-consuming and highly personalized manufacturing of autologous CAR-Ts. Technologies to establish “off-the-shelf” allogeneic CAR-Ts with low alloreactivity are currently being developed, with a strong focus on gene editing technologies. Although these technologies have many advantages, they have also strong limitations including double-strand breaks in the DNA with associated multiple safety risks as well as the lack of modulation. As an alternative, non-gene editing technologies provide an interesting approach to support the development of allogeneic CAR-Ts in the future, with possibilities of fine-tuning gene expression and easy development. Here we will review the different ways allogeneic CAR-Ts can be manufactured and discuss which technologies are currently used. The biggest hurdles for successful therapy of allogeneic CAR-Ts will be summarized and finally an overview of the current clinical evidence for allogeneic CAR-Ts in comparison to its autologous counterpart will be given.

Time series ground deformation monitoring and reservoir parameter inversion are crucial for the dynamic assessment of oilfield resources and sustainable exploitation in an oilfield. As one of the regions with the richest oil reserves in China, the oilfield areas in the western Qaidam Basin are selected as a typical study area. Firstly, we used SAR images collected by the Sentinel-1A satellite from January 2021 to December 2022 and applied the Multidimensional Small Baseline Subset (MSBAS) method to obtain vertical and east-west deformation measurements. On this basis, a nonlinear Bayesian inversion method was applied to model the shallow reservoir in a series of complex deformation areas, based on a single-source model and a multi-source model, respectively. As a result, the ground deformation monitoring results obtained by long time series InSAR clearly reflect the uneven ground deformation caused by the oil extraction and water injection operation process. There is slight subsidence in the Huatugou oilfield, while significant uplift deformation occurred in the Ganchaigou oilfield and the Youshashan oilfield, with a maximum uplift rate of 48 mm/year. Further analysis indicates that the introduction of the 2D deformation field helps to improve the robustness of oilfield reservoir parameter inversion. Moreover, the dual-source model is more suitable than the single-source model for inverting complex deformation reservoir parameters. This study not only fills the blank of InSAR deformation monitoring for the oilfields in the western Qaidam Basin but also provides a theoretical reference for model and method selection of reservoir parameter inversion in other oilfields.

First described in 1760 by the anatomist Morgagni, CoA is a congenital heart defect characterized by narrowing the aorta, typically distal to the left subclavian artery. It accounts for approximately 5-8% of all congenital heart diseases, with an incidence estimated at 4 per 10,000 live births. In 1944, the Swedish surgeon Clarence Crafoord achieved the first successful surgical CoA repair by performing an aortic end-to-end anastomosis on two patients aged 12 and 27 years old. Presently, the most prevalent techniques for surgical repair, particularly in infants and neonates with isolated coarctation, involve resection with end-to-end anastomosis (EEA) and the modified Crafoord technique (extended resection with end-to-end anastomosis (EEEA)). Subclavian flap aortoplasty (SCAP) is an alternative surgical option for CoA repair in patients under two years of age. In cases where the stenosis extends beyond resection and end-to-end anastomosis feasibility, patch aortoplasty (PP) employing a prosthetic patch can augment the stenotic region, especially for older patients. Despite advances in pediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery, recoarctation remains a significant concern after surgical or interventional repair. This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough analysis of coarctation management, covering the pioneering techniques introduced by Crafoord using head-to-tail anastomosis and now extending to the contemporary era marked by percutaneous interventions as well as the recoarctation rate associated with each type.

The link of fracture analysis of large ships is an essential part of the structural safety of ships. However, the finite element analysis of large structure according to the traditional method not only has high requirements on the computer, but also the influence of the mesh encryption at special locations makes further requirements on the accuracy of the ship. In this paper, based on the extended finite element method (XFEM) and the multi-point constraint method (MPC), the dynamic crack expansion process of the rectangular plate containing cracks under the multi-scale model is comparatively studied by using ABAQUS simulation software Finally, the applicability of the method is verified by applying the multi-scale model of ship nodes. The results show that the computational effort of the multi-scale model is significantly reduced with the same accuracy and allowable error, which proves the accuracy and efficiency of the method.

High-performance anodes are contributed to nanostructure of transition metal oxides for rechargeable Li-ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, we report the fabrication of high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, MnO2 nanotube directly grown into fabrics of carbon nanofibers, the MnO2/Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies. When tested as the anode material in LIBs, the MnO2/CNFs exhibit superior performance and excellent long cycling performance with a reversible capacity of 835 mA h g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 after the 133 th cycle, a high initial specific capacity of 1094 mA h g-1 at a current density of 0.1 A g-1. The MnO2/CNFs demonstrates notable specific capacities, specifically, with a coulombic efficiency of 99.5 %, both stability and capacity are conspicuously above literature data. These impressive results indicate that MnO2/CNFs has great potential for high-energy and high-power energy storage applications.

With the depletion of shallow surface resources, the future mining work will develop towards the deep surface, and the objective conditions such as the mining environment will be more complex and dangerous than now, and the requirements for personnel and equipment will be higher and higher. The efficient exploitation of deep space cannot be separated from such mobile and flexible production and transportation equipment as scraper. In the new era, intelligence is the development trend of the LHD, and path tracking control technology is the key to the intelligent LHD, and it is also an urgent problem to be solved for its unmanned driving. This paper describes the realization of the automatic operation function of articulated LHD from two aspects of mathematical model and trajectory tracking control method, and focuses on the research of the path tracking control scheme in the field of unmanned driving, that is, LQR controller. On this basis, the parameters of the LQR controller are optimized by combining different intelligent cluster algorithms to find the optimal solution of the LQR controller.

The value of landscape, as part of collective heritage, can be acquired by GIS due to the multilayer approach of the spatial configuration. Proficiency in geospatial technologies in order to collect, process, analyze, interpret, visualize and communicate geographic information is being increased by undergraduate and graduate students, but in particular by those who are training to become geography teachers at secondary education. This training can be carried out through personalized learning and distance learning methodology. Personalized GIS education aims to integrate students and enhance their understanding of landscape. Some teaching experiences are shown whereby opportunities offered by WebGIS will be described, through quantitative tools and techniques that will allow this modality of learning and improve its effectiveness. Results of this research show that students, through geospatial technologies, learn landscape as a diversity of elements but also the complexity of physical and human factors involved. Several conclusions will be highlighted: i) the contribution of geospatial training to education for sustainable development; ii) spatial analysis as a mean of skills acquisition about measures for landscape conservation; iii) expanding and applying acquired knowledge to other geographic spaces and different landscapes.

In this paper new upper limits on the parameters of the Continuous Spontaneous Localization (CSL) collapse model are extracted. To this end the X-ray emission data collected by the IGEX collaboration are analyzed and compared with the spectrum of the spontaneous photon emission process predicted by collapse models. This study allows to obtain the most stringent limits within a relevant range of the CSL model parameters, with respect to any other method. The collapse rate $\lambda$ and the correlation length $r_C$ are mapped, thus allowing to exclude a broad range of the parameter space.

Women serve in diverse roles in the 21st century militaries of the world. They are no longer banned exclusively from combat. The presence of women on the battlefield has raised religious arguments and considerations. What role do religious arguments play in the discussion regarding women’s military service? The current paper examines this question in the context of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF): a conscription-based military that conscripts both men and women, religious and secular, for both combat and non-combat postings. Using the case of the pilot program in the IDF attempting to integrate women in the Israeli tank corps, the paper argues that religious considerations serve the same purpose as functional considerations and can be amplified or lessened, as needed.

Under the extreme shortage of water resources in the Yellow River Basin, it is of great signifi-cance to analyze the spatial distribution relationship between rural settlement and water re-sources for the coordinated development of human and water resources in the Yellow River Ba-sin. However, the water allocation scheme depended on statistical data in the previous work, not on rural settlements in space. Furthermore, previous researches seldom focus on the evaluation of surface water resources accessibility according to the spatial distribution characteristics of ru-ral settlements and water resources, especially, in the Yellow River Basin and using rural set-tlement as unit. Therefore, a quantitative evaluation model of surface water resources accessibil-ity is constructed by using the GIS network analysis method, taking rural settlement as the re-search unit, based on three dimensions of topography, distance, and surface water resources, at the Yellow River basin scale. The results show that: (1) The surface runoff of rural settlement in the Yellow River basin is mostly less than 0.05 km/m2, reaching 99.83%. In other words, the Yel-low River Basin is extremely short of water resources. The surface water resources accessibility is affected by distance, topography, and surface water resources. The evaluation results show that the range of surface water resources accessibility is 0.13~0.88, with an average value of 0.47 and a standard deviation of 0.05. The High surface water resources accessibility value in the Yel-low River Basin is in the east and west, and the low value is mainly distributed in the middle. (2) The range from low to high of surface water resources accessibility in 12 catchments is Sanmen-xia station, Lanzhou station, Shizuishan station, Longmen station, Tongguan station, Toudaoguai station, Xiaolangdi station, Huayuankou station, Lijin station, Gaocun station, Ai Shan station and Tangnaihai station. (3) The value of surface water resources accessibility at the city scale is higher in the east of 10 cities and in the west of 1 city. However, it is lower in the west of 9 cities. And the values of the other cities are at a medium level. The correlation coefficient with primary industry GDP and surface water resources accessibility is 0.271 (N=56, Sig=0.043, in 0.05 level, the correlation is significant), which verifies the rationality of surface water resources accessibility model to some extent.

Paving blocks are concrete pieces placed in exposed places to the weather, which are sub-jected to loads and wear. Hence, quality control in the manufacture of paving blocks is es-sential to guarantee the properties and durability of the product in construction projects. In Ecuador, the requirements are described in the Ecuadorian technical standard "NTE INEN 3040", and tensile splitting strength is a fundamental requirement to guarantee product quality. It is analyzed using quality control measurements such as dimensions, the weight of the fresh paving block in the vibro-compacted process, and the percentage of water absorption in order to know how the variables influence and manage to predict the tensile splitting strength to avoid product non-conformity in advance, having a timely and better control of the manufacturing process. The data was obtained from a company that can produce 30 000 units per day of rectangular paving blocks with 6 cm thickness. Mul-tivariate models such as multiple linear regression, regression trees, random forests and neural networks are performed to predict the tensile splitting strength variable through two groups of predictors; the first group is the thickness mm, width mm, length mm, mass of fresh paving block g and percentage of water absorption %. The second group of pre-dictor variables is the density of the fresh paving block kg/m3 and the percentage of water absorption %. It is concluded that the multiple linear regression method performs better in predicting the first group of predictor variables with a mean square error (MSE) of 0.110086, followed by the neural network without hidden layers resulting in an MSE of 0.112198. The best method for the second set of predictors was the neural network with-out hidden layers with a mean square error ( MSE ) of 0.112402, closely followed by the multiple linear regression model with an MSE of 0.115044.

If we assume that: a. The four fundamental forces of nature are independent waves without rest masses, and their speeds are constant in a vacuum, just like light. b. Light or electromagnetic waves and gravity are comparable in structures. Weak and strong interactions are similar in structures. c. Light and weak interaction have the same speed c_L with spin number +1 or –1. d. Gravity and strong interaction have the same speed c_G without spin. e. The primary particles, namely electrons, electron neutrinos, and dark neutrinos in this paper, are made by the above four waves. We can find and describe some fundamental characteristics of the primary particles (e.g., their sizes, energies, and interactions) and introduce new attractive results from them (e.g., the source of the Pauli exclusion principle, the solution to the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox, and c_G slightly faster than c_L).

The main goal of our scientific study is to determine the particular characteristics of the endo-scopic image of the otorhinolaryngologic pathology of nasopharynx, which is called chronic rhinosinusitis in association with gastroesophageal acid reflux disease. Background/Objectives: to identify a specific features in the endoscopic picture of chronic rhinosinusitis associated with acid gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms. Methods: there were selected 521 adult patients, from this sample as a main group we have selected only 95 patients with the highest scores on the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) (>20) and Reflux Symptom Score-12 (RSS-12) (>130) questionnaires. As a control group we have selected 41 adult patients only with chronic rhinosinusitis and 10 healthy patients. Results: there were significant changes in the nasopharyngeal mucosa. In-creased vascularity of the nasopharyngeal mucosa was noted in 91 patients (95,7%). Hypertrophy of the nasopharyngeal mucosa was found in 83 patients (87,4%). In 77 (81,1%) patients, mucus was found in the nasopharynx with different characteristics of color and consistency, and no mucus or other secretions were found in the middle nasal passages in these patients. In 62 pa-tients (65,3%) asymmetric hypertrophy of the mucosa of the oropharynx was noted. Conclusions: the presence of specific features of the endoscopic picture of the nose and nasopharynx of pa-tients with chronic rhinosinusitis associated with gastroesophageal disease symptoms and pro-posed a method for assessing the degree of influence of gastroesophageal reflux disease on the mucosal layer of the nose and nasopharynx. The possible influence of symptoms of gas-tro-oesophageal reflux disease on the course and severity of clinical manifestations of exacerba-tions of chronic rhinosinusitis needs further investigation.

This paper presents various procedures for determining the optimal control law for a wing section in compressible flow. The flow regime includes subsonic as well as supersonic flows. For the evolution of the system in the Laplace plane the present method makes use of the exact unsteady aerodynamic forces in the Laplace plane once the control law is established. This is a great advantage against other results previously published, where the unsteady aerodynamics in the Laplace plane are just approximations of the curve-fitted values in the frequency domain (imaginary axis). Different control techniques are investigated like pole-placement, LQR and H-infinity norm. Among these, the H-infinity norm emerges as the optimal choice, exhibiting a norm magnitude approximately two orders of magnitude lower than the LQR case. Furthermore, the H-infinity controller demonstrates lower pole values that those of the pole placement and LQR compensator, showing the advantage of the H-infinity controller in terms of economic efficiency.

Many agricultural water uses crowd the river ecology of the river water, thus leading to irreversible habitat damage. This paper presents an agricultural economic loss calculation model that is based on river ecological basic flow (REBF) protection by introducing a typical crop water requirement coefficient. First, the water balance equation is used according to a set of REBF protection values to compute the agricultural water shortage that results in the REBF. Second, the agricultural water shortage that results in REBF protection and a typical crop water requirement coefficient are used to determine the food production generated by REBF protection. Finally, the loss of food production and the food market prices are used to determine the agricultural economic loss caused by the different protection levels of REBF. A case study of the Weihe River in China is conducted. The calculation model is used to compute the agricultural economic loss on the basis of REBF protection in the Baoji section of the Weihe River, and the change law of the agricultural economic loss that results in different levels of the REBF is discussed. In addition, changes in the canal water use coefficient and the crop structure that affect agricultural economic loss are analyzed. Results show that the spatial and temporal variations in the runoff affect the changes in time and space of the agricultural economic loss. The higher the REBF protection level, the higher the agricultural economic loss. In addition, agricultural economic loss can provide a quantitative basis for reasonable REBF protection. The size of agricultural economic loss helps the government sector in decision-making on REBF protection.

The stability of the filling roof as an important bearing unit in the stope of the access stope in the filling mining method is of great significance to guarantee the safe and efficient production of the mine. Arrangement of mining approach in downward cemented filling stope is the key factor af-fecting stability of filling body roof. Based on combination of laboratory test, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the influence of different mining approach arrangement on stability of filling body roof is analyzed. The weak filling surface is formed between adjacent mining paths. The mechanical strength of the weak filling surface is significantly reduced by laboratory experiments. The relationship between distribution of the weak filling surface, azimuth angle and stability of filling roof is further studied by numerical simulation. The results show that the stability of the filler roof is the best when the upper and lower stratified mining approach is arranged vertically.

In the context of economic and political uncertainty associated with the 2019-nCoV pandemic, it is necessary to determine the socio-psychological factors in the transformation of the behavior of insurance consumers under the influence of the biogenic threat. This study is devoted to measuring financial anxiety and its impact on the insurance behavior of Russian citizens. Correlation, comparative and regression analyzes of financial anxiety of Russian citizens cover three stages of observation: before the start of the 2019 nCoV pandemic (“FA up to 19 nCoV; N = 766), during the period of quarantine measures announced in Russia in March 2020 (“ FA 19- nCoV-1 "; N = 856) and after the relaxation of quarantine measures at the end of April 2020 (" FA 19-nCoV-2 "; N = 963). Psychological analysis data were obtained from the online survey "Financial anxiety (in the context of insurance)". The questionnaire is psychometrically reliable and easy to use, including 5 measurement scales: MR1. Physical manifestations of financial incentive anxiety, MR2. With money shortages and financial uncertainty, MR3. The value of insurance coverage, MP4. Financial Confidence, MR5. Perception of insurance and investment risks. Russian citizens considered it important to have insurance coverage on a “rainy day” and showed confidence in the insurance market during the biogenic crisis. But, unfortunately, Russian citizens during the 19-nCoV-1 and 19-nCoV-2 periods did not feel financially secure in the future, unlike the period before 19-nCoV. ”Women showed high scores for physical manifestations of financial anxiety and low financial confidence in the future, in contrast to men, regardless of the observation period.

This paper takes the VR animation display of the Ming Xiao Mausoleum General stone statue life as an example to study the advantages of VR animation in the display of material heritage. Combined with literature and pictures, the digital restoration of the Ming Xiao Mausoleum stone statue is carried out in MAYA and Z brush, and the construction of the scene and the output of the final effect are realized in UE4.

Nitric acid is a key component in the production of nitrate fertilisers and is industrially produced using the Ostwald process. The Ostwald process can be further intensified by oxidising nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide using heterogeneous catalysts. We have explored various monometallic and bimetallic catalysts for NO to NO2 oxidation and found ruthenium supported on ceria, containing 10 wt.% manganese to be a promising catalyst for oxidising NO to NO2 at low temperatures at industrially relevant conditions. For a feed comprising 10% NO, 6% O2, 15% H2O and rest Ar, and 8% NO, 2% NO2 5% O2, 15% H2O and rest Ar, the ruthenium-manganese catalysts attained NO-NO2 equilibrium below 400∘C. For the 5wt.% ruthenium and 10 wt.% manganese on ceria catalyst, an apparent activation energy of 39.4 kJ/mol and 85.4 kJ/mol were observed in the absence and presence of NO2, respectively. These findings demonstrate the potential of supported bimetallic ruthenium-manganese catalysts for efficient oxidation of NO to NO2 at low temperatures which can lead to significant process intensification of nitric acid plants.

In order to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the cultural landscape of the Yangtze River (Nanjing section) and show the role of the Yangtze River culture in promoting regional economic development and cultural radiation, Based on the Knowledge graph technology and 3S technology, this paper conducts geographical positioning and spatial analysis of the Yangtze River cultural landscape in Nanjing, and analyzes the surrounding environment by combining remote sensing images and topographic data. Researches show that: The Yangtze River cultural landscape in Nanjing includes 74 landscape points of seven landscape types, and the distribution of landscape points shows a clustering trend, but the spatial distribution and aggregation degree of different types of cultural landscapes are different. Due to the influence of climate environment and water resources distribution, the surrounding cultural landscape has a low altitude and high vegetation coverage, showing obvious distribution characteristics along the river. This study is helpful to improve the coordination degree between cultural landscape protection and planning management, and can provide useful reference for the protection of cultural landscape of the Yangtze River.

Background: We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of postnatal ultrasonography in determining congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in term infants with or without a history of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in the prenatal period. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the records of term infants aged between six weeks and three months undergoing urinary system ultrasonography during routine child care were examined. Results: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract was determined in 121 (4.62%) of the 2620 cases included in the study. The most common anomaly was hydronephrosis (in 69.4% of the congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract cases and 3.21% of all cases). Thirty-two of the 84 (38.1%) hydronephrosis cases detected by postnatal ultrasonography, three of the nine (33.3%) renal agenesis cases, four of the seven (57.1%) horseshoe kidneys cases, one of the four (25%) multicystic dysplastic kidney cases and two of the two (100%) duplex system cases could not be detected by prenatal ultrasonography. On the other hand, hydronephrosis was not detected at postnatal ultrasonography in 29 (1.1%) cases which detected mild or moderate hydronephrosis by prenatal ultrasonography scanning. Conclusions: In our study, it was observed that approximately one-third of the cases of hydronephrosis, unilateral renal agenesis, duplex system, horseshoe kidney, and ectopic kidney could not be detected at prenatal ultrasonography screening. We therefore believe that, in addition to prenatal ultrasonography screening, postnatal ultrasonography screening of all children for urinary tract anomalies would be beneficial.