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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0296.v1

Combined Pretreatment with Bioequivalent Doses of Plant Growth Regulators Alleviates Dehydration Stress in Lactuca sativa

Irina Vaseva, Iskren Sergiev, Dessislava Todorova, Martynas Urbutis, Giedre Samuoliene, Lyudmila Simova-Stoilova

Subject: Plant Sciences, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; dehydrins; drought; Lactuca sativa; PEG-provoked stress; plant growth regulators (PGRs); priming; D-pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate synthetase

Online: 6 May 2024 (10:58:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0286.v1

Serological Evidence of Antibodies to West Nile Virus in Wild Birds in Portugal

Filipa Loureiro, Luís Cardoso, Ana C. Matos, Cristina Pintado, Filipe Silva, Mariana Ferreira, Ricardo Brandão, Carolina Lopes, Ana Patrícia Lopes, João Rodrigo Mesquita, Manuela Matos, Ana Cláudia Coelho

Subject: Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: ELISA; One Health; Portugal; seroprevalence; West Nile virus; wild birds; zoonosis

Online: 6 May 2024 (09:57:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0270.v1

Assessing the Impact of BEAM Inoculant on Plant Growth Enhancement: A Comparative Analysis

Vinesh Prasad

Subject: Other, Environmental And Earth Sciences Keywords: BEAM inoculant; compost extract; seeds; plant development; pasture improvement ;

Online: 6 May 2024 (09:43:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0245.v1

Omitting the Application of Nitrogen or Potassium Reduced the Growth of Young Chestnut (Castanea sativa) Trees, While a Lack of Boron Decreased Fruit Yield

Margarida Arrobas, Soraia Raimundo, Carlos Manuel Correia, Manuel Ângelo Rodrigues

Subject: Agricultural Science And Agronomy, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: crop fertilization; nutrient omission trial; plant nutritional status; sufficiency range; soil organic matter

Online: 6 May 2024 (07:12:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0180.v1

The Distal Promoter of the B438L Gene of African Swine Fever Virus Is Responsible for the mRNA Transcription of the B438L and the Alternatively Spliced B169L

Hongwei Cao, Hao Deng, Yanjin Wang, Diqiu Liu, Lian-Feng Li, Meilin Li, Dingkun Peng, Jingwen Dai, Jiaqi Li, Hua-Ji Qiu, Su Li

Subject: Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: African swine fever virus; B438L promoter; transcription initiation; B169L protein

Online: 3 May 2024 (09:46:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0129.v1

Antagonism and Synergism Characterize the Interactions Between Four North American Potato Virus Y Strains

Vincent N Fondong, Prakash M. Niraula, Junaid A Cheema, Hashir A Cheema, Dejah S Gaiter, Patricia Baldrich, Blake C Meyers

Subject: Virology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: antagonism; infectivity; pathogenicity; Potato virus Y; RT-qPCR; superinfection exclusion; synergism

Online: 2 May 2024 (10:15:13 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0118.v1

Bioactive Compounds from Natural Sources as Potential Adjuvants in the Treatment of Mild Acne Vulgaris

Mariateresa Cristani, Nicola Micale

Subject: Complementary And Alternative Medicine, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: mild acne vulgaris; bioactive compounds; plant extracts; phytochemicals; skin diseases; natural products; alternative medicine; adjuvants

Online: 2 May 2024 (09:50:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0025.v1

Hepatitis C Virus Dysregulates Polyamine and Proline Metabolism and Perturbs Urea Cycle

Natalia F. Zakirova, Olga A. Khomich, Olga A. Smirnova, Jennifer Molle, Sarah Duponchel, Dmitry V. Yanvarev, Vladimir T. Valuev-Elliston, Lea Monnier, Boyan Grigorov, Olga N. Ivanova, Inna L. Karpenko, Mikhail V. Golikov, Cedric Bovet, Barbara Rindlisbacher, Alex R. Khomutov, Sergey N. Kochetkov, Birke Bartosch, Alexander V. Ivanov

Subject: Virology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: hepatitis C virus; polyamines; urea cycle; proline metabolism; antiviral agents

Online: 1 May 2024 (09:51:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1953.v1

Advances in Nanoparticle-Enhanced Vaccine Strategies: Towards a Universal Protection Against Influenza B Viruses

Shounak Row, Kunal Kondhare

Subject: Virology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Influenza virus; Nanoparticle vaccine; mRNA-LNP vaccine; lipid nanoparticle; Multivalent epitopes; Universal influenza vaccine

Online: 30 April 2024 (15:37:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1974.v1

Evaluation of Novel Nasal Mucoadhesive Nanoformulations Containing Lipid-Soluble EGCG for Long COVID Treatment

Nicolette Frank, Douglas Dickinson, Garrison Lovett, Yutao Liu, Hongfang Yu, Jingwen Cai, Bo Yao, Xiaocui Jiang, Stephen Hsu

Subject: Other, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Respiratory virus; Long COVID; Nasal drug; EGCG-palmitate; Nanoformulations

Online: 30 April 2024 (11:45:40 CEST)

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Neurologic symptoms associated with Long COVID result from the persistent infection of SARS-CoV-2 in the nasal neuroepithelial cells, leading to inflammation in the central nervous sys-tem (CNS). As of today, there is no evidence that vaccines or medications can clear the persistent viral infection in the olfactory mucosa. Recently published clinical data demonstrate that only 5% of Long COVID anosmia patients have fully recovered during the past 2 years and 10.4% of COVID patients are still symptomatic 18 months post infection. Our group demonstrated that ep-igallocatechin-3-gallate-monopalmitate (EC16m) nanoformulations possess strong antiviral activ-ity against human coronavirus, suggesting this green tea-derived compound in nanoparticle for-mulations could be developed as an intranasally delivered new drug targeting the persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as inflammation and oxidative stress in the CNS, leading to resto-ration of neurologic functions. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the mucociliary safety of the EC16m nasal nanoformulations and the efficacy against human coronavirus. Meth-ods: nanoparticle size and Zeta potential were measured using the ZetaView Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis system; mucociliary safety was determined using MucilAir Human Nasal Epi-thelium Model; contact antiviral activity and post-infection inhibition against OC43 viral strain were assessed by TCID50 assay for cytopathic effect on MRC-5 cells. Results: the saline-based EC16 mucoadhesive nanoformulations containing 0.005 to 0.02% w/v EC16m have no significant difference in comparison to saline (0.9% NaCl) on tissue integrity, cytotoxicity, and cilia beat fre-quency. A 5-minute contact inactivated 99.9% of the β-coronavirus OC43. OC43 viral replication was inhibited by >99% after infected MAR-5 cells were treated with one of the formulations. Con-clusion: the saline-based novel EC16m mucoadhesive nasal nanoformulations rapidly inactivated human coronavirus with mucociliary safety measurements comparable to saline, a solution widely used for nasal applications.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1950.v1

The Ameliorative Effect of Litsea martabanica (Kurz) Hook. f. Leaf Water Extract on Chlorpyrifos-Induced Toxicity in Rats and Its Antioxidant Potentials

Weerakit Taychaworaditsakul, Suphunwadee Sawong, Supaporn Intatham, Sunee Chansakaow, Phraepakaporn Kunnaja, Teera Chewonarin, Kanjana Jaijoy, Absorn Wittayapraparat, Pedcharada Yusuk, Seewaboon Sireeratawong

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: L. martabanica leaf; water extraction; antioxidant; anti-pesticide; medicinal plant; acetylcholinesterase activity; hepatoprotective; access to healthcare.

Online: 30 April 2024 (10:16:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1972.v1

Mixed Mosaic Virus Infection and Its Impact on Photosynthetic Gene Expression in Sugarcane Fields in Indonesia

Intan Ria Neliana, Bambang Sugiharto, Wardatus Soleha, Suherman Suherman, Nurmalasari Darsono, Rikno Harmoko, Widhi Dyah Sawitri

Subject: Virology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: sugarcane, mosaic virus infection, mixed infections, photosynthetic parameters

Online: 30 April 2024 (08:44:00 CEST)

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Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) and sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) are the primary viruses responsible for mosaic diseases in sugarcane. In this study, the mosaic viruses SCMV and SCSMV with the involvement of sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV) were surveyed from eight commercial sugarcane cultivars grown in fields at four locations in East Java, Indonesia. Sugarcane leaves with mosaic symptoms were assessed for disease incidence and severity, and symptomatic leaves were collected for analysis. The incidence and severity of mosaic symptoms were the highest in the PS881 and NX04 cultivars grown in Kediri compared to the other cultivars. RT-PCR analysis showed that SCSMV was present in all sugarcane cultivars and locations. Interestingly, double mixed infections with SCMV were found in PS881, PS882, and Cening, whereas triple mixed infections with SrMV were found in the PS881 cultivar. Phylogenetic analysis grouped SCSMV, SCMV, and SrMV together with isolates from Thailand (KP987832.1), Florida, USA (MT725538.1), and Agentina (EU189037.1). The expression of ascorbate peroxidase gene (Apx) was increased in the virus-infected sugarcane cultivars and prominently elevated in the triple mixed infection of PS881 cultivars. However, the catalase gene (Cat) was slightly upregulated in the mixed infection group. The chlorophyll content was significantly reduced in the leaves of PS58, PS881, PS882, NX04, and HW Merah, in parallel with the expression of the photosystem I gene (PsaA). The expression of photosynthetic genes, such as ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase small sub-unit (RbcS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (Pepc), sucrose-phosphate synthase (Sps1), and PsaA, was significantly reduced and almost depleted in the triple mixed infection of PS881, except for Pepc expression, which remained approximately half of that in the control healthy sugarcane. The decrease in photosynthetic activity was confirmed by the decrease in ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) and PEPC proteins, as detected by immunoblot analysis. The decrease in photosynthetic parameters indicated that the mosaic viral infection substantially reduced the growth and yield of sugarcane.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1921.v1

Diversity Restated: >99.9% of Global Species in Soil Biota

Robert Blakemore

Subject: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Soil organisms; microbe; earthworm; virus; biodiversity richness; taxonomy; -omics.

Online: 29 April 2024 (11:56:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1923.v1

Duckweed beyond an Efficient Plant Model System

Doni Thingujam, Karolina Marta Pajerowska-Mukhtar, M. Shahid Mukhtar

Subject: Plant Sciences, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Duckweed; Plant model; Phytoremediation, Sustainability, Transgenic

Online: 29 April 2024 (11:53:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1899.v1

Human Sputum Proteomics: Advancing Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Respiratory Diseases with Enhanced Biomarker Analysis Methods

Norberto A. Guzman, Andrea Guzman

Subject: Immunology And Microbiology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: COVID-19; immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis; lateral flow immunoassays; point-of-care testing; respiratory disease biomarkers; SARS-CoV-2 virus; sputome; sputum proteomics

Online: 29 April 2024 (10:06:53 CEST)

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Many ailments can be diagnosed while they are asymptomatic, meaning that the patient has no signs or symptoms of a progressing disease. If caught in their initial stage of formation, these maladies can be effectively treated, leading to successful outcomes; curative therapies can halt illnesses from advancing, thus improving the quality of life, and long-term survival of the patient. Still cutting-edge upgrades in precision technologies are necessary for early, reliable, affordable, and rapid disease detection, but also are vital for the well-being of people and the future of global public health. The emerging role and utility of non-invasive and repeatable diagnostic test approaches for detection of health conditions has been liquid biopsies based on genomic biomarkers. As such, biological fluids permit any measurable molecular indicator or signature (e.g., proteins), to provide valuable information on individual’s wellness and/or disease. Among the bodily secretions used for non-invasive diagnostics is sputum, a complex viscous gel-like biopolymeric network, that has gained growing recognition as a rich source of biomarkers of airway infections, pulmonary diseases, and serves as a determinant to reveal other illnesses. As per the World Health Organization, the burden of respiratory conditions is exacerbated by factors, ranging from considerable subjection to air pollution and occupational contaminants, to tobacco smoking and second-hand smoke, in addition to poor socio-economic status. Due to the likely increase of these determinants, respiratory tract ailments are on the rise, affecting the health of many individuals, in addition to putting stress on healthcare facilities and services worldwide. We therefore highlight the need to use expectorated or induced sputum specimens as a routine sample source for testing valuable protein biomarkers to diagnose these chronic maladies, to predict inflammation and disease progression, as well as monitor the effectiveness of treatments. Further, we discuss the urgency for fast and reliable point-of-care methods to detect and quantify crucial protein biomarkers in sputum specimens, and limitations faced when dealing with their complex matrices.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1779.v1

An Exuberant Case of Ulceronodular-Rupioid (Malignant) Syphilis in an HIV Patient. A Proposal for New Diagnostic Criteria

Dennys Jimenez, Marian Santillan Rabe, Apeksha N. Agarwal, Scott R. Dalton, Gregory M Anstead

Subject: Dermatology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: malignant syphilis; human immunodeficiency virus; lues maligna; Treponema pallidum; ulceronodular syphilis; rupioid syphilis

Online: 26 April 2024 (19:34:48 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1631.v2

Encapsulated Bacteria with a Light-Repressed Deadman Switch for Liver Gene Delivery

Michael Renteln

Subject: Biology And Biotechnology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: encapsulation; adeno-associated virus (AAV); light-activated allosteric protein switch; Deadman switch; T4 bacteriophage gene delivery vector; facultative intracellular bacteria

Online: 26 April 2024 (14:49:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1691.v1

Text Analytics on YouTube Comments for Food Products

Maria Tsiourlini, Katerina Tzafilkou, Dimitrios Karapiperis, Christos Tjortjis

Subject: Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning, Computer Science And Mathematics Keywords: plant-based products; hedonic food products; sentiment analysis; text analytics; youtube comments; machine learning

Online: 26 April 2024 (08:15:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1696.v1

West Nile Virus Seroprevalence in Wild Birds and Equines in Madrid Province, Spain

Richard AJ Williams, Hillary A Criollo Valencia, Irene López Márquez, Fernando González González, Francisco Llorente, Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Clavero, Núria Busquets, Marta Mateo Barrientos, Gustavo Ortiz-Díez, Tania Ayllón Santiago

Subject: Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Flavivirus; West Nile virus; Birds; Equines; Seroprevalence; Central Spain

Online: 26 April 2024 (07:53:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1566.v1

Revealing GLCM Metric Variations across Plant Disease Dataset: A Comprehensive Examination and Future Prospects for Enhanced Deep Learning Applications

Masud Kabir, Fatih Unal, Tahir Cetin AKINCI, Alfredo A. Martinez-Morales, Sami Ekici

Subject: Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning, Computer Science And Mathematics Keywords: GLCM metrics; deep learning; darkNet19; plant diseases; open datasets; criteria

Online: 25 April 2024 (15:09:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1666.v1

Energy Storage Improves Power Plant Flexibility and Economic Performance

Nenad Sarunac, Javad Khalesi, Mahfuja A Khuda, Rick Mancini, Pramod Kulkarni, Joel Berger

Subject: Energy And Fuel Technology, Engineering Keywords: power plant flexibility; energy storage; charging; discharging

Online: 25 April 2024 (11:21:23 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1580.v1

Association of Hepatitis B Virus E Antigen With HBV Viral Load in Botswana

Lebogang Othusitse, Bonolo B. Phinius, Kutlo Wateka, Gorata Mpebe, Wonderful T. Choga, Lynnette Bhebhe, Basetsana Phakedi, Doreen Ditshwanelo, Tsholofelo Ratsoma, Kabo Baruti, Mosimanegape Jongman, Kebaneilwe Lebani, Sikhulile Moyo, Motswedi Anderson, Simani Gaseitsiwe

Subject: Virology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Hepatitis B virus; HBeAg; HBV viral load; HIV; Botswana

Online: 24 April 2024 (05:18:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1532.v1

Therapeutic Effects of Plant Anthocyanin Against Alzheimer’s Disease and Modulate Gut Health, Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Al Borhan Bayazid, Beong Ou Lim

Subject: Neuroscience And Neurology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Anthocyanins; Plant Bioactive; Cognition; Neuroprotection; SCFAs; Aβ and Tau

Online: 23 April 2024 (17:21:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1668.v2

Human Papillomavirus Requires COPI Coat Complex for a Successful Infection

Edrees Rahmatzada, Om Basukala, Lawrence Banks

Subject: Virology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: HPV; virus entry; COPI

Online: 23 April 2024 (11:52:56 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1475.v1

Integrated Benefits to Agriculture with Trichoderma and Other Endophytic Microbes

GARY E Harman

Subject: Agricultural Science And Agronomy, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: holobiont, plant-microbe interactions, biocontrol

Online: 23 April 2024 (11:28:36 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1467.v1

Management of Vulnerable Plaques to Achieve Complete Revascularization with Plant-Based Diets (PBDs)

Dasaad Mulijono

Subject: Clinical Medicine, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: plant based diet; complete revascularization; vulnerable plaque

Online: 23 April 2024 (11:22:00 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1408.v1

Effects of Melatonin on Human, Animal and Plant Metabolisms

Ashwell R. Ndhlala, Arzu Kavaz Yüksel, Neslihan Çelebi, Hülya Öztürk Doğan

Subject: Health Policy And Services, Public Health And Healthcare Keywords: melatonin; immunity; cancer; circadian rhythm; growth and development; aging; plant; seed; seed viability

Online: 23 April 2024 (02:56:30 CEST)

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Melatonin is an important hormone with a methoxy-indole structure. It is secreted regularly by the pineal gland of mammals. It takes part in many chemical, biological, and physiological activities of the body. Melatonin, acts as a basic hormone, and is responsible for circadian rhythm regulation and sleep control. It has been shown to occur in the highest concentration in organisms during the night times. In living organisms, many activities that have physiological, biological, hormonal, and psychological characteristics follows a certain rhythm. Body temperature, hormone levels, sleep-wakefulness, and some other cognitive functions in humans also change with the circadian rhythm. Its synthesis and release begin with darkness and end with light. This review aims to explore the functions of melatonin such as its stimulating effects on antioxidant enzymes, reducing lipid peroxidation, and protecting brain tissue from oxidative damage. It also has properties that stop the proliferation of cancer cells and prevent tumor growth. Melatonin, which was previously known only as an animal hormone, has been found to also exist in plants. Research has shown that melatonin is present in almost all plant species analyzed to date and that it performs functions similar to those in animals. In plants, it plays a vital role in dealing with various abiotic and biotic stresses. Melatonin acts as an important antioxidant in post-harvest technology and extends the post-harvest life of fruits and vegetables. It also takes part in the regulation of stress-specific genes and the activation of pathogenesis-related proteins and antioxidant enzymes. The most prominent roles of melatonin in plants include regulating circadian rhythm, growth, and development, and increasing tolerance to a wide range of environmental stress factors. The review reveals the effects of melatonin as an extremely important secondary metabolite, on human, animal, and plant metabolism. The use of PRISMA guidelines was used for reporting, search, selection, and synthesis. Information up to 2024 was searched from search engines for the occurrence, nature and function of melatonin. Key words such as structural function, hormonal function, secretion and metabolism were used in the search of publications.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1374.v1

Compact Solar-Powered Plasma Water Generator: Enhanced On-Site Aged Seed Germination with the Corona Dielectric Barrier Discharger

Yiting Xiao, Yang Tian, Haizheng Xiong, Ainong Shi, Jun Zhu

Subject: Agricultural Science And Agronomy, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: non-thermal plasma; reactor design; seed germination; plant growth

Online: 22 April 2024 (16:25:05 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1412.v1

Bovine Parainfluenza Virus 3 and Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Dominant Viral Players in Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex among Serbian Cattle

Vesna Milićević, Sofija Šolaja, Dimitrije Glišić, Milan Ninković, Bojan Milovanović, Milan Đorđević, Snežana Ristevski, Filip Spasojević, Miroljub Dačić

Subject: Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex; Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus; Bovine Herpesvirus-1; Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus; Bovine Parainfluenza Virus 3; Influenza Virus D; prevalence; Serbia

Online: 22 April 2024 (12:55:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1280.v1

Response of Deficit Irrigation and Growth Regulators on Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Grown in Shallow Basaltic Soils

Goutam Guruprasad Jena, Dhananjay D. Nangare, Vijaysinha Kakade, Sangram Bhanudas Chavan, Sonal Jadhav, Amrut Morade, Aliza Pradhan, Kotha Sammi Reddy

Subject: Horticulture, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: Deficit irrigation; Partial root drying; Plant growth regulators; Pomegranate; Water stress

Online: 19 April 2024 (11:36:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1262.v1

Plant-Powered Plates: A Life Cycle Assessment of Plant-Based Meats in Tackling Climate Change

Meshach Tang, Taghi Miri, Fakhteh Soltani, Helen Onyeaka, Zainab T. Al-Sharify

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: life cycle assessment; plant-based meat analogue; greenhouse gas emissions; soy protein isolate; beef burger

Online: 18 April 2024 (14:04:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1248.v1

Antifungal Effects of the Fermented Sophora flavescens and Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus Extract

Ju Yeon Kim, Min Joo Chae, Yun Gon Son, Su Min Jo, Na Rae Kang, Seong Doo Kang, Kwang Dong Kim, Sang Won Lee, Jeong Yoon Kim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Antifungal effects; Sophora flavescens; Elutherococcus sessiliflorus; Fermented plant exract; LC-Q-TOF/MS analysis

Online: 18 April 2024 (14:01:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1211.v1

Genetic Characteristics of Anelloviruses Detected in Individual Viromes of Children with Acute Respiratory Infection Using the Metagenomic Approach

Alina R. Nokhova, Nikita A. Dubovitskiy, Anastasiya A. Derko, Anna A. Khozyainova, Olga G. Kurskaya, Alexander M. Shestopalov, Kirill A. Sharshov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: viral metagenomics; respiratory virome; torque teno virus; torque teno mini virus; torque teno midi virus; anelloviruses; human anellovirus; Anelloviridae; anellome

Online: 18 April 2024 (07:51:19 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1097.v1

Significance of Cellular Lipid Metabolism for the Replication of Rotaviruses and Other RNA Viruses

Ulrich Desselberger

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Lipid metabolism; RNA virus replication; Rotavirus; hepatitis C virus; flaviviruses; picornaviruses; no-roviruses; HIV-1; SARS-CoV-2; influenza viruses

Online: 17 April 2024 (15:03:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1165.v1

Determinants of Butterfly Community Structure and Composition at the Local Habitat Level: Importance of Neighbouring Vegetation and Management Status

Masahiko Kitahara, Taisuke Yasuda

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Ecology Keywords: butterflies; community structure and composition; determinants; management; MRT; neighboring plant community

Online: 17 April 2024 (14:45:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1123.v1

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5 Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Birds and Mammals

Giulia Graziosi, Caterina Lupini, Elena Catelli, Silvia Carnaccini

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: avian influenza; pathobiology; wild birds; poultry; wild mammals; domestic pets; virus spillover; public health

Online: 17 April 2024 (08:43:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1084.v1

Plant Synthetic Promoters

Piotr Szymczyk, Małgorzata Majewska

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: plant synthetic promoter; enhancer; cis-element; trans-factor; orthogonal systems; bidirectional promoters; machine learning; deep learning

Online: 17 April 2024 (07:26:01 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1079.v1

Naturally Occurring Nor-Steroids and Their Design and Pharmaceutical Application

Valery M. Dembitsky

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Norsteroids; meroterpenoids; invertebrates; seaweeds; fungal endophytes; fungi; plant; activity

Online: 16 April 2024 (14:22:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0929.v1

Substitution of Inorganic Fertilizers with Organic Fertilizers Influences Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Content and Enzyme Activity under Rubber Plantation

Qiu Yang, Jiale Li, Wenxian Xu, Jingjing Wang, Yamin Jiang, Waqar Ali, Wenjie Liu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Ecology Keywords: Organic fertilizers substitution; soil fertility; soil carbon; nitrogen; soil enzymes; rubber plant.

Online: 15 April 2024 (18:06:47 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0887.v1

Saving High-Risk Patients from COVID-19 Severity and Death Mainly with Plant-Based Diets and Supplements

Dasaad Mulijono

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: plant-based diet; supplement; COVID-19; inflammation; cardiometabolic; antioxidant; anti-viral; anti-thrombotic

Online: 15 April 2024 (09:33:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0877.v1

A Reliable Multifaceted Solution against Foodborne Viral Infections: The Case of RiLK1 Decapeptide

Emanuela Galatola, Bruna Agrillo, Marta Gogliettino, Gianna Palmieri, Serena Maccaroni, Teresa Vicenza, Yolande T.R. Proroga, Andrea Mancusi, Simona Di Pasquale, Elisabetta Suffredini, Loredana Cozzi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Antimicrobial peptide; Enteroviruses; Non-enveloped virus; Virucidal activity; Foodborne viral infections; Hepatitis A Virus; Murine Norovirus

Online: 15 April 2024 (04:16:36 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0878.v1

How to Regress or Reverse Coronary Artery Disease

Dasaad Mulijono, Albert Manggading Hutapea, I Nyoman Ehrich Lister

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: plant-based diet; atherosclerotic; vulnerable plaque; supplements

Online: 15 April 2024 (04:12:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0840.v1

Tailored Viral-Like Particles as Drivers of Medical Breakthroughs

Rafael Travassos, Sofia A. Martins, Ana Fernandes, João D. G. Correia, Rita Melo

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: nanoparticles; virus-like particles; surface functionalization; biomedical applications

Online: 12 April 2024 (10:03:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0768.v1

Proteomics analysis of duck lung tissues in response to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

Periyasamy Vijayakumar, Anamika Mishra, Sneha M Pinto, Yashwanth Subbannayya, Richa Sood, Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava Prasad, Ashwin A Raut

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Duck; avian influenza virus; proteomics; phosphoproteome; disease resistance; hub proteins

Online: 11 April 2024 (10:36:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0723.v1

Design of Lipid Nanoparticles of mRNA Vaccine against Respiratory Syncytial Virus by Bioinformatics in Egypt

Mohammed Kassab

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Respiratory syncytial virus; vaccine; mRNA; immunization

Online: 10 April 2024 (09:22:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0637.v1

A Study of Plant-Filled Polymer Composites Based on Highly Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride

Evgenia Samuylova, Alina Ponomareva, Vera Sitnikova, Anton A. Zhilenkov, Olga Yu. Kichigina, Mayya Uspenskaya

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: composite; plastic materials; polyvinyl chloride; plant fillers; fabrication method; film characteristics

Online: 9 April 2024 (10:31:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0609.v1

Homobrassinolide Delays Huanglongbing Progression in Newly Planted Citrus Trees

Meritxell Pérez-Hedo, Alberto Urbaneja, Fernando Alférez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Horticulture Keywords: Brassinosteroids, citrus greening, Diaphorina citri, immune response, infection rates, plant health

Online: 9 April 2024 (10:02:41 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0100.v2

Plant-Based Diet and Supplements Reduced COVID-19 Severity and Mortality in Elderly Patients with Multiple Comorbidities (Part 2: Exploring the Underlying Mechanisms of Successful Intervention)

Dasaad Mulijono, Albert Manggading Hutapea, I Nyoman Ehrich Lister, Mondastri Khorib Sudaryo, Helwiah Umniyati

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: Plant-based; COVID-19; Inflammation; Supplements

Online: 9 April 2024 (10:00:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0628.v1

Mechanism of How Plant-Based Diet (PBD) Reduces the Risk of In-Stent Restenosis (ISR) and Stent Thrombosis (ST)

Dasaad Mulijono

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Plant-based diet; lifestyle; in-stent restenosis; stent thrombosis; ISR; ST; atherosclerosis; mitochondria; telomere

Online: 9 April 2024 (08:49:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0513.v1

Immunogenicity Evaluation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusogenic-F Based Virus-like-Particles Consisting of G and M Proteins in Mice

Ahmedali S. Mandviwala, Archana Kulkarni Munje, Anke L.W. Huckriede, Vidya A. Arankalle, Harshad P. Patil

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); virus-like particles (VLPs); prefusogenic F; glycoprotein; matrix protein; vaccine

Online: 8 April 2024 (08:37:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0466.v1

Can Plants Perceive Human Gestures? Using AI to Track Eurythmic Human-Plant Interaction

Alvaro Francisco Gil, Moritz Weinbeer, Peter A. Gloor

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: plant-human interaction; signal processing; plant action potentials; machine learning; eurythmy; plant bio-sensors

Online: 8 April 2024 (06:12:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0131.v2

Human rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus genotypes in Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) cases at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa

Hameer Vanmali, Corena De Beer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: respiratory infection; human rhinovirus; respiratory syncytial virus; genotypes; SUDI / SIDS; infant death; Sanger sequencing; phylogenetic analysis

Online: 5 April 2024 (08:24:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0336.v1

The Effect of Climate on the Regeneration Capacity of Strongly Disturbed Vegetation in a Central European Lower Montane Zone, Hungary

Katalin Rusvai, Judit Házi, Szilárd Czóbel

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Ecology Keywords: bait site; degradation; climate change; plant invasion

Online: 4 April 2024 (05:58:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0286.v1

Plant Biostimulants Enhance Bud Break in Vitis vinifera Crimson Seedless

Nicole C Venter, Eunice Avenant, Theunis Nicolaas Kotze, Paul Norman Hills, John Paul Moore

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Vitis vinifera, Crimson Seedless, bud break, plant biostimulant, hypoxia

Online: 3 April 2024 (11:56:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0269.v1

Co-infection in the Tick Microbiome and in Humans as a Natural Process of Co-cultivation of Tick-Borne Pathogens

Galina N. Leonova, Sergey I. Belikov, Alexandr F. Popov, Evgenyi V. Pustovalov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: coinfection; Kiparis-144 virus (KiparisV); ectromelia virus (ECTV); pathogens of tick-borne infections; antibodies; IFA; ELISA; electron microscopy; tick Ixodes persulcatus; south of the Russian Far East

Online: 3 April 2024 (08:37:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0265.v1

Development of a Robust Freeze-drying Process for Long-Term Stability of rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

MD Faizul Hussain Khan, Maryam Youssef, Sean Nesdoly, Amine A. Kamen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: vesicular stomatitis virus; enveloped viral vector vaccine; freeze-drying; solid formulation; stability, viral vaccine bioprocess; VSV; CPPs; CQAs; rVSV-SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19

Online: 3 April 2024 (08:29:17 CEST)

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Abstract: Thermostability of vaccines, particularly enveloped viral vectored vaccines, remains a challenge for their delivery wherever needed. Freeze-drying of viral vectored vaccines is a prom-ising approach but remains challenging due to the water removal process from the outer and in-ner parts of the virus. In the case of enveloped viruses, freeze-drying induces increased stresses on the envelope, which often leads to inactivation of the virus. In this study, we design a method to freeze-dry a recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Since the envelope of VSV is composed of 50% lipid and 50% protein, the formula-tion study focused on both the protein and lipid portions of the vector. Formulations were pre-pared primarily using sucrose, trehalose, and sorbitol as cryoprotectants; mannitol as a lyopro-tectant; and histidine as a buffer. Initially, the infectivity of rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 and cake stability were investigated at different final moisture contents. High recovery of the infectious viral titer ( 0.5 to 1 log loss) was found at 3-6% moisture content with no deterioration of the freeze-dried cakes. To further minimize infectious viral titer loss, the composition and concentration of the ex-cipients were studied. An increase from 5 to 10% of both cryoprotectants and lyoprotectant, to-gether with the addition of 0.5% gelatin, resulted in the improved recovery of infectious virus titer and stable cake formation. Moreover, the secondary drying temperature of the freeze-drying pro-cess showed a significant impact on the infectivity of rVSV-SARS-CoV-2. The infectivity of the vector declined drastically when the temperature was raised above 20°C. Throughout a long-term stability study, formulations containing 10% sugar (sucrose/trehalose), 10% mannitol, 0.5% gelatin, and 10 mM of histidine showed satisfactory stability for six months at 2-8°C. The development of this freeze-drying process and the optimized formulation minimizes the need for a costly cold chain distribution system.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0162.v1

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles Pattern Determined via Bioinformatics

Mohammed Mahmoud Shawky Kassab

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Respiratory syncytial virus; vaccine; mRNA; immunization

Online: 2 April 2024 (05:38:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0100.v1

Plant-Based Diets and Supplements Reduced COVID-19 Severity and Achieved Zero Mortality in Elderly Patients with Multiple Comorbidities

Dasaad Mulijono, Albert M Hutapea, I Nyoman E Lister, Mondastri K Sudaryo, Helwiah Umniyati

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: Plant-based; Supplement; COVID-19; Inflammation

Online: 2 April 2024 (03:08:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0107.v1

Getting Hold of the Tobamovirus Particle – Why and How? Purification Routes over Time and a New Customizable Approach

Tim Wendlandt, Beate Britz, Tatjana Kleinow, Katharina Hipp, Fabian J. Eber, Christina Wege

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: tobacco mosaic virus (TMV); turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV); plant virus; history; purification; isolation; precipitation; ultracentrifugation; density gradients; iodixanol

Online: 1 April 2024 (14:56:36 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0051.v1

Exploring Folklore Ecuadorian Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Components Focusing on Antidiabetic Potential: An Overview

Soham Bhattacharya, Neha Gupta, Adéla Flekalová, Salomé Gordillo-Alarcón, Viviana Espinel-Jara, Eloy Fernández-Cusimamani

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: antidiabetic; anti-hyperglycaemic; bio-active compound; hypoglycaemic; medicinal plant

Online: 1 April 2024 (12:40:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1867.v1

Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Their Genotypes in Lung Cancer: Insights from the Mediterranean Region of Turkey

Arsenal Sezgin Alikanoğlu, İrem Atalay Karaçay

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Lung cancer; Human papilloma virus (HPV); polymerase chain reaction (PCR); viral oncology

Online: 1 April 2024 (10:16:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0023.v1

Good Dietary Pattern as a Protective Factor against the Development of Clinical Manifestations in Oropouche Infections in the Amazon Region

Vanessa Carvalho, Raimunda Azevedo, Valéria Carvalho, Pedro Vasconcelos, Lívia Martins

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: arboviruses; Oropouche virus; clinical manifestations; food pattern; protection factor; dietary pattern

Online: 1 April 2024 (10:01:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1775.v1

Ligand-based pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening, and 2D quantitative structure-activity relationship performance on anti-Hepatitis B virus flavonols

Alireza Mohebbi, Fatemeh Sana Askari, Parnia Askari, Seyed Jalal Kiani

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Hepatitis B virus; Antivirals; Flavonoid; Drug discovery; Pharmacophore; Quantitative structure-activity relationship

Online: 28 March 2024 (13:31:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1617.v1

In Vitro Screening of Endophytic Micromonospora Strains Associated with White Clover for Biological Control of Phytopathogenic Fungi and Promotion of Plant Growth

Wojciech Sokołowski, Sylwia Wdowiak-Wróbel, Monika Marek-Kozaczuk, Michał Kalita

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Micromonospora; plant growth promotion; biological control; endophytes; phytopathogenic fungi; multilocus sequence analysis

Online: 27 March 2024 (16:17:22 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1671.v1

Cellular and Molecular Immunity to Influenza Viruses and Vaccines

Jane Carol Kasten-Jolly, David A Lawrence

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: influenza virus; vaccination; antibody; B cells; memory T cells; NK cells; macrophage cells; macroautophagy; epitope; idiotope

Online: 27 March 2024 (15:03:01 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1654.v1

Plant Transcriptomic Responses in a Diverse Organ and Stress Conditions

Michał Rurek, Mikołaj Smolibowski

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: differentially expressed genes; medicinal species; plant organs; secondary metabolites; plant transcriptome; stress

Online: 27 March 2024 (08:17:18 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1640.v1

Green Legacy: Plant Introduction and Dendrological Collections in Yerevan Botanical Gardens: From the Past to the Future

Zhirayr Vardanyan, Alla Aleksanyan, Arsen Gasparyan, Manik Grigoryan, Gayane Gatrchyan, Nelli Muradyan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Botanical garden; plant introduction; dendrological collection; trees and shrubs; adaptation

Online: 27 March 2024 (06:38:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1660.v1

Revolutionizing LNG Plant Construction: A Comprehensive Comparative Analysis and Evaluation of Modular Design Development versus Stick-Built Approach for Enhanced Efficiency and Cost-Effectiveness

NNADIKWE JOHNSON, UME CYRIL SUNDAY

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: Lng; Built; Plant; Construction; Gbs; Epc; modular

Online: 27 March 2024 (06:04:19 CET)

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Revolutionizing Lng Plant Construction and its Comprehensive Comparative Analysis And Evaluation Of Modular Design Development Versus Stick-Built Approach For Enhanced Efficiency And Cost-Effectiveness,.Although the utilization of modularization concepts in the LNG industry remains limited, this study focuses on exploring their potential. It is worth noting that modular units typically incur higher costs compared to field erected units due to the additional requirements of structural steel and robustness for transportation purposes.Nevertheless, the increased cost of modularization can often be balanced by conducting the work at the fabrication site instead of on-field construction. This approach reduces the overall project cost by minimizing field construction expenses and shortening the construction schedule. The objective of this paper is to assess and compare LNG modularization options for a newly established LNG facility in comparison to a conventional stick-built plant used as the base case.:The paper delves into various topics related to LNG plant construction, such as the development of modular units, a comprehensive comparison of different options, evaluation of construction schedules and manpower requirements, logistics considerations, and a recommended approach for design and construction. The cost estimates and engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) schedules are meticulously compared for each option. Additionally, an inshore/near shore gravity base structure (GBS) option is included for further comparison. It is crucial to emphasize that establishing general costs is not possible as each project is distinct and requires individual study and analysis.:Each project has unique characteristics, resulting in varying shapes of cost curves and break-even points. The outcomes of the feasibility evaluation play a crucial role in determining the extent to which the modular approach to construction is advantageous for the specific project at hand. The evaluation takes into consideration multiple factors to determine the potential benefits of adopting a modular construction approach, allowing decision-makers to make informed choices regarding the project's construction methodology

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1614.v1

Molecular Circuits of Immune Sensing and Response to Oncolytic Virotherapy

Darshak K Bhatt, Toos Daemen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: molecular pathways; oncolytic virus; pattern recognition receptors; transcription factors

Online: 26 March 2024 (16:57:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1601.v1

A New Look at Physico-Chemical Causes of Changing Climate: Is Strong Acid Production Lowering the Surface pH Value a Main Cause for Increasing pCO2 in the Earth’s Atmosphere?

Ivan Robert Kennedy, Angus Neill Crossan, John Runcie, Raymond James Ritchie

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: CO2 emissions; climate change; soil pH; alkalinity of plant produce; export from rural to urban environments; bicarbonate and carbonate; limestone as soil ameliorant; Keeling curve

Online: 26 March 2024 (12:30:46 CET)

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A testable hypothesis with quantitative predictions is put forward, proposing that strong acids produced on land are a major cause of increasing atmospheric pCO2. Our modelling analysis of reactions by dissolved inorganic carbon shows that increasing atmospheric CO2 could be caused thermodynamically by falling land surface pH values. This hypothesis challenges the imbalance assumed between the global uptake of CO2 by photosynthesis and emissions of CO2 from all sources, including the combustion of fossil fuels. Strong acids generated by oxygen from reduced nitrogen and sulphur emits CO2 almost stoichiometrically from dissolved bicarbonate in the pH range of most global soils from pH 6.5 to above 8. Each general decrease of aqueous pH value of 0.01 units from acidification of surface water potentially increases the pCO2 in the atmosphere by about 7 ppmv. Contrary to prevailing assumptions that CO2 emissions from combusting fossil fuels can remain in the atmosphere for more than a millennium, such emissions may be partly nullified by global greening from enhanced rates of photosynthesis as well as oceanic absorption. The surface pH value of the ocean has been shown to decrease as atmospheric pCO2 rises. Therefore, our qualitative estimates of increasing atmospheric CO2 driven by irreversible acidification on land are critical and need broad scale validation. To the extent that significant acidification of the land is occurring, through export of alkaline produce, the use of artificial nitrogen fertilisation and possible other causes, the prevailing methods of reducing CO2 emissions will fail. However, these acidifying processes on land have not been considered by previous biogeochemical reviews. Despite counter measures, including carbon capture and geological storage, the increasing Keeling curve for pCO2 may continue to rise because zero carbon policies do not address such a major cause. This hypothesis can be tested by in situ experiments in neutral soils and water, designed to compare CO2 emissions under the acidifying conditions described in this article with those when corrective counter measures are applied.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1589.v1

Recombinant Fowlpox Virus fpIBD1 in Chicken’s Skin: Persistence and the Local Immune Response at the Site of Inoculation

Ibrahim Eldaghayes, Lisa Rothwell, Michael Skinner, Pete Kaiser

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Fowlpox virus; fpIBD1; immune cells; vaccination; persistence

Online: 26 March 2024 (11:45:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1928.v2

An Evolutionary Theory on Virus Mutation in COVID-19

Liaofu Luo, Jun Lv

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: COVID-19; spike protein; virus mutation; evolutionary theory

Online: 26 March 2024 (11:33:54 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1523.v1

Highs and Lows in the Calicivirus Reverse Genetics

Ángel L. Álvarez, Aroa Arboleya, Fábio A. Abade dos Santos, Alberto García-Manso, Inés Nicieza, Kevin P. Dalton, Francisco Parra, José M. Martín-Alonso

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: calicivirus; reverse genetics; infectious clone; RNA virus

Online: 26 March 2024 (08:12:51 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1465.v1

CUAD (Contact Unmodified Antisense DNA) Biotechnology: List of Pest Species Successfully Targeted by Oligonucleotide Insecticides

Vladimir Oberemok, Katerina Laikova, Nikita Gal'chinsky

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: CUAD (contact unmodified antisense DNA) biotechnology; oligonucleotide insecticides; ribosomal RNA; DNA containment mechanism; plant protection

Online: 26 March 2024 (01:24:15 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1381.v1

Recent Advances in The Plant Genomic DNA Methylation Studies and Its Involvement in Regulating Drought Stress Response in Crops

Youfang Fan, Chao Sun, Kan Yan, Pengcheng Li, Ingo Hein, Eleanor M Gilroy, Philip Kear, Zhenzhen Bi, Panfeng Yao, Zhen Liu, Yuhui Liu, Jiangping Bai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: plant; epigenetics; DNA methylation; drought stress; mechanism; research advances

Online: 22 March 2024 (13:30:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1335.v1

Article Review: Role and Functionality of Ingredients in Plant-Based Meat Analogue Burgers

Gil Vila-Clarà, Anna Vila-Martí, Laia Vergés-Canet, Miriam Torres-Moreno

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: meat analogues; plant-based meat; plant-based burgers; functionality; food technology innovation; clean-label ingredients; composition; sustainability

Online: 22 March 2024 (11:00:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1317.v1

Intrinsic Disorder in the Host Proteins Entrapped in the Rabies Virus Particles

Hafiza Nimra Ashraf, Vladimir N. Uversky

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: rabies virus; intrinsically disordered proteins; protein-protein interactions; Neuromodulin; Chmp4b; DnaJB6; Vps37B, Wasl

Online: 21 March 2024 (14:05:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1281.v1

NaCl Modifies Biochemical Traits in Bacterial Endophytes Isolated from Halophytes: Towards Salinity Stress Mitigation Using Consortia

Jesús Adrián Barajas González, Yersain Ely Keller de la Rosa, Rogelio Carrillo González, Ma. del Carmen Angeles González-Chávez, María Eugenia Hidalgo Lara, Ramón Marcos Soto Hernández, Braulio Edgar Herrera Cabrera

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: plant growth-promoting bacteria; solubilization; salinity; enzyme activity; organic acids; food safety; plant fitness.

Online: 21 March 2024 (13:54:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1283.v1

Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus Can Be Transmissible through a Greenhouse Hydroponic System and Virus Inactivation Using a Cold Plasma Ozone Treatment

Jing Zhou, Andrea Gilliard, Kai-Shu Ling

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Tomato brown rugose fruit virus; hydroponic; water transmission; cold plasma ozone; disinfection, water treatment.

Online: 21 March 2024 (09:46:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1123.v1

Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Millet Irrigated with Brackish Water

Geocleber Gomes De Sousa, Francisco Hermeson Rodrigues Costa, José Thomas Machado de Sousa, Murilo De Sousa Almeida, Silas Primola Gomes, Claudivan Feitosa De Lacerda, Thales Vinícius De Araújo Viana, Samuel de Oliveira Santos, Francisco Barroso da Silva Júnior, Fernando Bezerra Lopes, Silvio Carlos Ribeiro Vieira Lima, Alexsandro Oliveira da Silva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Nitrogen; Penissetum glaucum L.; Salinity, Plant nutrition; Photosynthesis

Online: 21 March 2024 (04:28:47 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1182.v1

Present and Future Applications of Digital PCR in Infectious Diseases Diagnosis

Laura Sancha Domínguez, Ana Cotos Suárez, María Sánchez Ledesma, Juan Luis Muñoz Bellido

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: dPCR; digital PCR; infection; bacteria; virus; parasites

Online: 20 March 2024 (08:24:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1093.v1

Detection of Human Adenovirus and Rotavirus in Untreated Wastewater in Lusaka, Zambia: Opportunity for Establishment of Wastewater Surveillance System for the Community

Ngonda Saasa, Ethel M’kandawire, Joseph Ndebe, Mulenga Mwenda, Fred Chimpukutu, Andrew Nalishuwa Mukubesa, Fred Njobvu, Doreen Mainza Shempela, Jay Sikalima, Carol Chiyesu, Bruce Muvwanga, Sarah M. Nampokolwe, Clement Sulwe, Thokozile Khondiwa, Todd Jennings, Ameck Kamanga, Edgar Simulundu, Conceptor Mulube, Wizaso Mwasinga, Jelaimo Mumeka, John Simwanza, Patrick Sakubita, Otridah Kapona, Chilufya Susan Aneta Mulenga, Musole Chipoya, Kunda Musonda, Nathan Kapata, Nyambe Sinyange, Muzala Kapina, Joyce Siwila, Misheck Shawa, Masahiro Kajihara, Ayato Takada, Hirofumi Sawa, Simulyamana A. Choonga, Roma Chilengi, Earnest Muyunda, King S. Nalubamba, Bernard M. Hang’ombe

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Wastewater; Adenovirus; Rotavirus; Enteric virus; concentration methods

Online: 19 March 2024 (05:18:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1026.v1

The Impact of Magnesium on the Growth, Physiology and Quality of Tea Plants under Acid Stress

XinHang LV, Haimin Kong, Yubo Luo, Dubi Dong, Wenbin Liu, Dongtao Wu, Zhengqian Ye, Jiawei Ma, Dan Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: magnesium; tea plant; acid stress; antioxidant enzymes; lipid peroxidation; tea quality

Online: 18 March 2024 (12:18:49 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0935.v1

Advancing Hepatitis C Elimination in Africa: Insights from Egypt

IZERE Salomon, Sibomana Olivier, Ndayambaje Egide

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: Hepatitis C; Elimination; Africa; Egypt; Direct-acting antivirals; Policy insights; Hepatitis virus

Online: 15 March 2024 (14:40:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0924.v1

Deep Learning Guided Prediction Modeling of Dengue Virus Evolving Serotype

Zilwa Mumtaz, Hafiz Abdullah Shahbaz, Muhammad Hamza Qureshi, Rashid Saif, Muhammad Zubair Yousaf

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Virus forecasting; DL modeling; virus classification; Dengue evolution; genome sequence

Online: 15 March 2024 (13:12:30 CET)

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Evolution remains an incessant process in viruses, allowing them to elude host immune response and induce severe diseases, impacting the diagnostic and vaccine effectiveness. Predicting emerging viral genomes is crucial, particularly in diseases like dengue, where viruses disrupt host cells, leading to fatal outcomes. Deep learning has been applied to predict dengue fever cases; there has been relatively less emphasis on its significance in forecasting emerging Dengue Virus (DENV) serotype. While Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) were originally designed for modeling temporal sequences, our proposed DL-DVE generative and classification model, trained on complete genome data of DENV, transcends traditional approaches by learning semantic relationships between nucleotides in a continuous vector space instead of representing contextual meaning of nucleotide characters. Leveraging 2000 publicly available DENV complete genome sequences, our Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based generative and Feedforward Neural Network (FNN) based classification DL-DVE model showcases proficiency in learning intricate patterns and generating sequences for emerging serotype of DENV. The generative model showed accuracy of 93% and the classification model provided insight into the specific serotype label, corroborated by BLAST search verification. Evaluation metrics such as ROC-AUC value 0.818, accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score all to be around 99.00%, demonstrated the classification model’s reliability. Our model classified the generated sequences as DENV-4, exhibiting 65.99% similarity to DENV-4 and around 63-65% similarity with other serotypes, indicating notable distinction from other serotypes. Moreover, the intra-serotype divergence of sequences with a minimum 90% similarity underscored their uniqueness. We analyzed the conserved motifs in the genome through MEME Suite (version 5.5.5). Our research strives to contribute to the ongoing fight against the Dengue virus by offering predictive insights into its genomic evolution. Looking ahead, proactive predictive modeling before mutations occur holds potential for guiding vaccine design and diagnostic kit development.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0809.v1

High Throughput Determination of Infectious Virus Titers by Kinetic Measurement of infection-Induced Changes in Cell Morphology

Dominik Hotter, Marco Kunzelmann, Franziska Kiefer, Chiara Leukhardt, Carolin Fackler, Stefan Jaeger, Johannes Solzin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Infectious virus titer; kinetic imaging; cell rounding; infectivity assay; TCID50; ATMP; virus-based therapeutics; vaccine; high throughput

Online: 14 March 2024 (15:33:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0807.v1

Willow (Salix acmophylla) Leaf and Branch Extracts Inhibit In Vitro Sporulation of Coccidia (Eimeria spp.) from Goats

Manal Haj-Zaroubi, Nariman Mattar, Sami Awabdeh, Rawad Sweidan, Alex Markovics, Joshua D. Klein, Hassan Azaizeh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Ethanol extracts; Plant secondary metabolites; Coccidia sporulation; Eimeria sp.; willow genotypes

Online: 14 March 2024 (11:12:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0812.v1

An Efficient Trans Complementation System for In Vivo Replication of Defective Poliovirus Mutants

Minetaro Arita

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Engineered cells; virus; trans complementation; picornavirus; enterovirus

Online: 14 March 2024 (11:11:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0790.v1

Organellar RNA Helicases as Key Tools in Plant Organellar RNA Splicing and Regulation of Gene Expression

Ron Mizrahi, Oren Ostersetzer-Biran

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: plant; mitochondria; RNA helicase; RNA binding protein; post-transcription; RNA metabolism; splicing

Online: 14 March 2024 (07:42:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0750.v1

High Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Drug Resistance Mutations to Lamivudine Among People with HIV/HBV Coinfection in Rural and Peri-Urban Communities in Botswana

Bonolo B. Phinius, Motswedi Anderson, Irene Gobe, Margaret Mokomane, Wonderful T. Choga, Margaret Mokomane, Wonderful T. Choga, Gorata Mpebe, Joseph Makhema, Roger Shapiro, Shahin Lockman, Rosemary Musonda, Sikhulile Moyo, Simani Gaseitsiwe

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Hepatitis B virus; drug resistance; people living with HIV; Botswana; Africa

Online: 13 March 2024 (11:38:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0769.v1

Preferences of Adults for Synanthropic Flora in the Sustainable Development of Polish Cities’ Green Areas

Beata Fornal-Pieniak, Dagmara Stangierska-Mazurkiewicz, Filip Kamionowski, Katarzyna Widera, Barbara Żarska, Piotr Latocha

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: synanthropic plant species; spontaneous vegetation; residents’ opinions; green and sustainable design; settlement areas

Online: 13 March 2024 (07:17:38 CET)

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Synanthropic flora (weeds, spontaneously developed plants) are plants that accompany humans, appearing as a result of anthropopressure as well as after its cessation. The potential of synanthropic flora in shaping green areas usually brings many measurable benefits that depend on land management in cities. The study aimed to determine the preferences and attitudes of adults towards synanthropic flora in settlement units. The article presents survey results from 447 city residents. The obtained results were statistically analyzed using the k-means clustering method to identify segments of respondents with similar attitudes and preferences toward synanthropic flora. Mann-Whitney U tests were employed to determine statistical differences in the demographic variables among the analyzed clusters of respondents. Additionally, multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the opinions and attitudes towards synanthropic flora, that may influence their greater acceptance in the vicinity of residential areas. The results obtained in multiple regression allow for the statement that the respondent’s evaluation of the level of support for the introduction of more synanthropic vegetation into urban greenery (Yw) grows with the increase of acceptance of synanthropic plants occurrence in surroundings. Respondents’ opinions on the subject of the presence of synanthropic plants were studied using such variables concerning: synanthropic vegetation found in turfgrasses has a positive impact on the visual attractiveness of a site (X1), synanthropic plant communities present themselves better than others (X2), presence of synanthropic vegetation in an estate improves the quality of life in that location (X3), introduction of synanthropic flora into estate arrangements is a positive (X4), support for the use of synanthropic flora for educational purposes - as elements of playgrounds or in the form of environmental workshops (X5). Residents’ acceptance of synanthropic flora in green areas is at a relatively high level.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0584.v1

Climate-Affected Australian Tropical Montane Cloud Forest Plants: Metabolomic Profiles, Isolated Phytochemicals, and Bioactivities

Ngawang Gempo, Karma Yeshi, Darren Crayn, And Phurpa Wangchuk

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: wet tropics; climate change; metabolomics; tropical montane cloud forest; Wet Tropics World Heritage Area; plant secondary metabolites

Online: 11 March 2024 (17:40:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0564.v1

Evaluation of Antiviral Properties of Various Materials Using Influenza Virus and Feline Calicivirus

Toma Tamura, Akiko Ogawa, Hidekazu Miura, Eri Nakajima, Yasuo Imoto, Nobumitsu Hirai, Toshio Kamijo, Hirotoshi Endo, Takeshi Hagio, Ryoichi Ichino, Dana M. Barry, Hideyuki Kanematsu

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: Influenza virus; Feline calicivirus; Film covering method; plaque assay

Online: 11 March 2024 (09:03:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0554.v1

Influenza Virus-Based Antiviral Strategy: A Broad-Spectrum Potential of a Marine Bacterium Targeting Future Pandemics

Kyeong-Seo Moon, Grace Choi, Su-Bin Jung, Hyo-Jin Kim, Jun-Gyu Park, Yong Min Kwon, Eun-Seo Cho, Mi Yeong Shin, Jae-Yeong Yu, Ji Ae Choi, Yeong-Bin Baek, Sang-Ik Park

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: marine bacterium; influenza virus; Zika virus; dengue virus; apoptosis; broad antiviral activity

Online: 11 March 2024 (08:58:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0457.v1

Computational Exploration and Molecular Dynamic Simulation for the Discovery of Antiviral Agents Targeting Newcastle Disease Virus

Iqra Ali, Ihtisham Ul Haq, Nimra Imtiaz, Muhammad Nasir Iqbal, Rafi ur Rahman, Wadi B. Alonazi, Muhammad Asif Rasheed

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Newcastle disease virus; natural compounds; antiviral drugs; NDV; MD simulation; Hemagglutinin Neuraminidase; biological activity; ADMET; pharmacophore; screening

Online: 8 March 2024 (03:56:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0438.v1

Characterization of the Protective Cellular Immune Response in Pigs Immunized Intradermally with the Live Attenuated African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) Lv17/WB/Rie1

Miriam Pedrera, Alejandro Soler, Alicia Simón, Nadia Casado, Covadonga Perez, María A García-Casado, Paloma Fernández-Pacheco, Pedro J. Sánchez-Cordón, Marisa Arias, Carmina Gallardo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: African swine fever; live-attenuated virus; vaccine; protective cellular response; T-cell; cytokines; domestic pigs

Online: 7 March 2024 (14:48:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0369.v1

A Noble Extract of Pseudomonas sp. M20A4R8 Efficiently Controlling the Influenza Virus-Induced Cell Death

Su-Bin Jung, Grace Choi, Hyo-Jin Kim, Kyeong-Seo Moon, Gun Lee, Kyeong-Hak Na, Yong Min Kwon, Jimin Moon, Mi Yeong Shin, Jae-Yeong Yu, Yeong-Bin Baek, Jun-Gyu Park, Sang-Ik Park

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Pseudomonas; influenza virus; broad-spectrum therapeutics; marine bacterium; cell death

Online: 6 March 2024 (19:31:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0351.v1

Efficacy and Immunogenicity of rKVAC85B in a BCG Prime-Boost Regimen Against H37Rv and HN878 Tuberculosis Strains

Eunkyung Shin, Jin-Seung Yun, Young-Ran Lee, Hye-Ran Cha, Soo-Min Kim, Sung-Jae Shin, Sang-Won Lee, Gyung Tae Chung, Dokeun Kim, Jung Sik Yoo, Jong-Seok Kim, Hye-Sook Jeong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; tuberculosis; vaccine; attenuated vaccinia virus; Antigen 85B; immunogenicity; bacterial loads

Online: 6 March 2024 (11:04:56 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0215.v1

Plant Immunity against Tobamoviruses

Yule Liu, Xiyin Zheng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Plant immunity; Tobamovirus; RNA silencing; RNA decay; NLR; Phytohormone; Genome editing

Online: 5 March 2024 (06:30:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0031.v1

Fluorescently Tagged Verticillium dahliae to Understand the Infection Process on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and Its Survival on Other Plants including Weed Species

Andrew Chen, Sabrina Morrison, Aphrika Gregson, Duy P. Le, Andrew S. Urquhart, Linda J. Smith, Elizabeth A.B. Aitken, Donald M. Gardiner

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Reporter genes; plant host and pathogen interactions; Green Fluorescent Protein; 'mCherry' Red Fluorescent Protein; alternative weed host; Nicotina benthamiana; Vegetative Compatibility Groups 1A and 2A; Defoliating and non-defoliating pathotypes

Online: 1 March 2024 (10:42:29 CET)

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