Osteoporosis is considered a serious public health problem, particularly affecting the postmenopausal period. In 2018, in the Republic of Kazakhstan the total and primary incidence was 10 and 3.7 cases per 100,000 adults, respectively. The objective is to study osteoporosis prevalence and indicate main factors affecting low bone mineral density by screening adult population of Abay region, Kazakhstan. The target group were 641 respondents aged between 18 and 65 years old, Kazakh population living in Abay region since birth. All participants filled out questionnaire and had a bone mineral density measurement by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) between July 15, 2023 and February 29, 2024. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between low bone mineral density and key demographic characteristics, aforementioned lifestyle factors and nutrition habits. We identified the prevalence of low bone density and osteoporosis at the level of 34.1% with the highest prevalence in the older population group (50+ years) - 48.3%. Regression analysis revealed a number of indicators associated with the likelihood of bone sparing. However, only 4 of these showed significance in the final multivariate model (R2=22.4%). These included age (AOR 1.05), body mass index (AOR 0.92), fracture history (AOR 1.64), consumption of nuts and dried fruits were associated with lower prevalence of osteoporosis (AOR 0.48). Our study was the first in Kazakhstan that investigates the association of key demographic, behavior and anamnestic factors with low mineral density.

Preterm infants have increased body adiposity at term equivalent age and risk for adverse metabolic outcomes. The aim of the study was to define how nutrient intake may impact body composition (BC) of very low birth weight infants fed with early progressive enteral feeding and standard fortification. Eighty-six infants with

Background: Nutritional status and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis and persistence of long COVID, but data in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are limited. The present study aimed to investigate the association between pre-infection nutritional status, oxidative stress, and one-year long COVID persistence in HD patients. Methods: This prospective observational cohort study enrolled 115 HD patients with confirmed COVID-19. Nutritional status was assessed using the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score twice: before infection and three months post-infection. Oxidative markers included malondialdehyde (MDAs), ceruloplasmin, transferrin, and sulfhydryl groups. The endpoint was one-year long COVID persistence. Results: Moderate pre-infection CONUT scores were associated with heightened severe undernutrition risk (p < 0.0001), elevated MDAs (p < 0.0001), and reduced ceruloplasmin levels (p = 0.0009) at three months post-COVID-19 compared to light CONUT scores. Pre-infection CONUT score independently predicted post-COVID oxidative damage [OR 2.3 (95%CI 1.2; 4.6), p < 0.0001] and one-year long COVID persistence [HR 4.6 (95%CI 1.4; 9.9), p < 0.0001], even after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusion: Moderate pre-infection undernutrition in patients undergoing HD associated with increased post-COVID oxidative stress intensity and heightened risk of one-year long COVID persistence.

Abstract Octreotide is the first synthetic peptide hormone, consisted of eight amino acids, that mimics the activity of somatostatin, a natural hormone in the body. During the past decades, advanced instrumentation and crystallographic software established X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) as a valuable tool for extracting structural information of biological macromolecules. The latter was demonstrated by the successful structural determination of octreotide at a remarkably high d-spacing resolution (1.87 Å) (PDB code: 6vc1). This study focuses on the response of octreotide to different humidity levels and temperatures, with a particular focus on the stability of the polycrystalline sample. XRPD measurements were accomplished employing an Anton Paar MHC-trans humidity-temperature chamber installed within a laboratory X’Pert Pro diffractometer (Malvern Panalytical). The chamber is employed to control and maintain precise humidity and temperature levels of samples during XRPD data collection. Pawley analysis of the collected data sets revealed that the octreotide polycrystalline sample is remarkably stable and no structural transitions were observed. The compound retains its orthorhombic symmetry (space group: P212121, a = 18.57744(4) Å, b = 30.17338(6) Å, c = 39.70590(9) Å, d~ 2.35 Å). However, a characteristic structural evolution in terms of lattice parameters and volume of the unit-cell is reported mainly upon controlled relative humidity variation. In addition, an improvement of signal-to-noise ratio in the XRPD data under a cycle of dehydration/rehydration is reported. These results underline the importance of considering the impact of environmental factors, as humidity and temperature, in the context of structure-based drug design, thereby contributing to the development of more effective and stable pharmaceutical products.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer (CRC) are significant health problems and share some risk factors. The aim of our study was to develop and validate a predictive score for advanced colorectal neoplasia (CRN) based on risk factors for cardiovascular disease and CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study comprising a derivation cohort and an external validation cohort of 1049 and 308 patients respectively. A prediction score for advanced CRN (CRNAS: Colorectal Neoplasia Advanced Score) was developed from a logistic regression model, comprising sex, age, first-degree family history for CRC, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, body mass index, diabetes, smoking, and antihypertensive treatment. Other cardiovascular risk scores (Framingham-Wilson, REGICOR, SCORE and FRESCO) were also used to predict the risk of advanced CRN. The discriminatory capacity of each score was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: CRN were found in 379 subjects from the derivation cohort (36%) including 228 patients (22%) with an advanced CRN. Male sex, age, diabetes, and smoking were identified as independent risk factors for advanced CRN. The newly created score (CRNAS), showed an AUC of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.64-0.73) for advanced CRN, which was better than cardiovascular risk scores (p

Abstract: : 2,3-dihydro-5,6,7,8-tetranitro-1,4-benzodioxine (TNBD), molecular formula =C8H4N4O10 is a completely nitrated in aromatic ring 1,4-benzodioxane derivative. The con-venient method of TNBD synthesis was developed (yield=81 %). The detailed structure of this compound has been investigated by X-ray crystallography. The results of differential thermal analysis (DTA) obtained with twice re-crystallized material showed onset at 247 and isoterm at 288 0C, with further total degradation at 300 0C. The experimental density 1,85 g/cm3 of TNBD was determined by X-ray crystallography. The spectral properties of TNBD (NMR, FT-IR, Ra-man) were explored. The detonation properties of TNBD calculated by EXPLO 5 code was slightly superior in comparison to standard high energy material - tetryl (detonation velocity of TNBD - 7727 m/s; detonation pressure - 278 kbar; tetryl – 7570 m/s and 226.4 kbar at 1.614 g/cm3, or 260 kbar at higher density - 1.71 g/cm3. The obtained preliminary results might suggest TNBD can be a potential thermostable high energy and density material (HEDM).

Machine Learning deals with creating algorithms capable of learning from the provided data. These systems have a wide range of applications and can also be a valuable tool for scientific research which in recent years has been focused on finding new diagnostic techniques for particle accelerator beams. In this context SPARC_LAB is positioned, a facility located at the Frascati National Laboratories of INFN, where the progress of beam diagnostics is one of the main developments of the entire project. With this in mind, you aim to present the design of two neural networks aimed at predicting the spot size of the electron beam of the plasma-based accelerator at SPARC_LAB, which powers an undulator for the generation of x-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL). Data-driven algorithms use two different data preprocessing techniques, namely autoencoder neural network and PCA. With both approaches, the predicted measurements can be obtained with an acceptable margin of error and most importantly without activating the accelerator, thus saving time, even compared to a simulator that can produce the same result but much more slowly. The goal is to lay the groundwork for creating a digital twin of linac and conducting virtualized diagnostics using an innovative approach.

Background/Objectives: Endometriosis represents substantial direct and indirect healthcare costs impacted by absent accurate, non-invasive uniformly diagnostic tools. We endeavored to demonstrate gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity (GIMA) biomarkers unique to endometriosis allow noninvasive, uniformly accurate diagnosis or exclusion of endometriosis. Methods: Prospective open-label comparative study of 154 patients, age >18, with or without diagnosed endometriosis. Population included 62 non-endometriosis controls (Cohort 1), 43 subjects with surgically histologically-confirmed endometriosis (Cohort 2), and 49 subjects with abdominal pain and negative imaging (Cohort 3). Electroviscerography (EVG) recorded GIMA biomarkers from three abdominal electrodes before and 30-minutes post water-load protocol. Cohort 2 had postoperative EVG and Cohort 3 had preoperative EVG. Calculated specificity, sensitivity, NPV, PPV and predictive probability or C-Statistic used univariate, multivariate, linear and logistical regression analyses of the area under the curve (AUC) at all frequency and time points, including age and pain covariants. Results: Non-endometriosis cohort differed significantly from endometriosis cohorts (p<0.001) for median (IQR), and AUC percent frequency distribution of power at baseline, 10-minute, 20-minute, and 30-minute post water-load at all frequency ranges 15-20cpm, 30-40cpm and 40-50cpm. Endometriosis cohorts were statistically similar (p>0.05). GIMA biomarker threshold scoring demonstrated 95%/91% sensitivity and PPV, 96%/95% specificity and NPV and C-statistic of >99%/98% respectively for age subsets. GIMA biomarkers in Cohort 3 predicted 47/49 subjects positive and 2/49 negative for endometriosis, confirmed surgically. Hormonal therapy, surgical stage, nor pain score affected diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions: Non-invasive electroviscerography with GIMA biomarker detection distinguished participants with and without endometriosis based upon endometriosis specific GIMA biomarkers threshold scoring.

An Indo-French campaign was conducted during May 2014 at Gadanki (13.5^oN, 79.2^oE), India, for investigating gravity wave (GW) coupling between the lower and middle atmospheres using a suite of experimental techniques. In this paper we are presenting the sources for those GWs which are observed at airglow layer (~87 km) using (OH) Airglow Imager during the campaign. For this purpose we have developed a background model atmosphere by combining the ERA-Interim, MSIS E 90 model and HWM 07 model data sets. Uniqueness of the present study lies in using near-real time background atmosphere data from simultaneous radiosonde and SVU Meteor Radar covering both source and propagation/ dissipation regions of GWs. We have observed 17 wave events and used GROGRAT model for reverse tracing to locate the source(s). When we searched for the sources near the terminal points or along the ray path, deep convection is found to occur but no strong wind shear. This indicates that the source for the observed GWs is deep convection. We have also simulated small scale waves that can reach mesosphere during different seasons (background conditions). GWs with periods less than 100 minutes and horizontal wavelengths less than 200 km are mostly reaching the mesospheric altitudes. Interestingly, it is found that only few GWs that are generated in the troposphere reach the mesospheric altitudes during the monsoon season, though strong sources like convection and wind shear persist throughout this season. Thus, background wind plays significant role in deciding the propagation of GWs in to upper atmosphere.

The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and body carcass fat (BCF) of ewes at two key stages of the production cycle. Data were collected from 88 Coopworth ewes including BCS measurements manually evaluated by the farm manager, BCF measurements determined by computerized tomography (CT) and body parameter measurements automatically determined by an image processing application. Artificial neural network (ANN) statistical analysis method was used to develop a relationship between the body parameters and the BCF with an r2=0.96 and RMSE=1.01 using all top and side variables.

The aim of the work is to study the effect of the 3D printing process on the microstructural and hydrophilic properties of polylactic acid (PLA) samples with various model printing patterns obtained from the black Filament PLA by sequentially applying polymer layers using the FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) method. X-ray phase analysis revealed partial crystallization of PLA polymer chains in printed samples, which occurs under thermal and mechanical action on the original amorphous PLA filament during 3D printing to varying degrees, depending on the geometry of the pattern and the morphology of its surface. At the same time, IR spectroscopy data indicate the preservation of all intrastructural chemical bonds of polylactide. Measured at the original installation, the values of the wetting edge angles on the surface of the printed samples are in the range φ = 50-60°, which is significantly less than the right angle. This indicates the hydrophilic properties of all samples’ surface. At the same time, the influence of different geometries of model drawings in printed samples was found not only on the morphology of the samples’ surface according to SEM data, but also on its wettability.

The spectra and global distributions of the X-ray emissions generated by the solar wind charge-exchange (SWCX) process in the terrestrial magnetosheath are investigated based on a global hybrid model and a global geocoronal hydrogen model. The solar wind O6+ ions which are the primary charge state for oxygen ions in solar wind are considered. The line emissivity of the charge-exchange born O5+ ions are calculated by Spectral Analysis System for Astrophysical and Lab oratory (SASAL). It is found that the emission lines from the O5+ ranges from 105.607 to 118.291 eV with the strong line at 107.047 eV. We then simulated the magnetosheath X-ray emission intensity distributions with a virtual camera at two positions of north pole and dusk at six stages during the passing of a perpendicular interplanetary shock combined with a tangential discontinuity structure through the Earth’s magnetosphere. During this process, the X-ray emission intensity increases with time, and the maximum value is 27.11 keV cm-2 s-1 sr-1 on the dayside, which is 4.5 times that before the solar wind structure reaches the Earth. A clear shock structure can be seen in the magnetosheath and moves earthward. The maximum emission intensity seen at dusk is always higher than that seen at north pole.

(1) Background: BRCA mutation and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) are used to administrate PARP inhibitors (PARPi) maintenance therapy. It is known that PARPi efficacy is related to platinum sensitivity and that the latter can be demonstrated from the CA-125 elimination rate constant (KELIM). This study aims to investigate if KELIM can be another tool in the identification of patients that could be benefit from PARPi therapy.; (2) Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with high-grade serous advanced ovarian cancer that underwent cytoreduction and was further tested for HRD status. The HRD status was tested either by myChoice HRD CDx assay or by RediScore assay. KELIM score was measured in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings with the online tool biomarker-kinetics.org.; (3) Results: Thirty-nine patients had available data for estimating both HRD status and KELIM score. When assuming KELIM as a binary index test with the value 1 as the cut-off point, the sensitivity was 0.86, 95% CI (0.64-0.97), and the specificity 0.83, 95% CI (0.59-0.96). On the other hand, when assuming KELIM as a continuous index test, the AUC was 81% and the optimal threshold, using the Youden index, was identified as 1.03 with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 83.3%; (4) Conclusions: KELIM score seems to be a new, cheaper and faster tool to identify patients that can benefit from PARPi maintenance therapy.

This study aimed to introduce a novel machine learning (ML) model designed to predict the need of interventions during endoscopy in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). The risk stratification tools in current use, such as the Glasgow Blatchford Score (GBS) and pre-endoscopic Rockall score, have limitations in accurately predicting the need for endoscopic interventions. All patients diagnosed with UGIB from January 2013 to October 2023 who underwent endoscopy were included in the study. Variables extracted included demographics, social history ,clinical history, clinical presentation and symptoms, drug history, management prior to endoscopy, findings during endoscopy, laboratory variables and vitals, and post-endoscopic results. Three machine learning models including Random Forest Classifier (RFC), Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC), and AdaBoost Classifier were used to evaluate the need for intervention during endoscopy in our study. A total of 1372 patients were included from three major hospitals in Jordan, of whom 242 underwent endoscopic intervention. The GBC outperformed all other models and pre-endoscopic scores in predicting the need for endoscopic intervention with an area under the curve of 0.861. Findings during endoscopy, platelet count, pulse rate and systolic blood pressure during admission were the most contributing features in predicting the need for the need of endoscopic intervention. This study highlights the potential of machine learning models in enhancing decision making for UGIB management.

Abstract. Introduction: BMD study gives partial information on bone health in patients with TSH suppression therapy due to Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (DTC). TBS, a new parameter of bone microarchitecture is propose for bone quality study. This study analyze their long-term use in patients with DTC. Methods: BMD was measured by DXA and TBS with iNsigth software in 145 postmenopausal DTC patients. Vertebral Fractures (VFs) with a semi-quantitative x-ray method. Results: BMD at the end study was not different from initial. TBS decreased from 1.35±0.1 to 1.27±0.1 (p=0.002). PTH, Osteocalcin, and BAP were increased, suggesting increased bone remodeling. There was an increase in osteoporosis and osteopenia (40.6% and 16.5% to 46.6% and 18.6%); 31% had partially degraded and 15.1% degraded TBS changed to 48,9% and 24,8% at the end study. VFs in 30 patients, was not different in age, BMI, calcium and alcohol ingestion, smoking, radioiodine, or thyroid parameters vs. without VFs. Odds ratio for VFs increased with osteopenia (OR 2.63). Combination of TBS plus TBS did not improve discrimination. Conclusions: TBS was lowered while BMD did not differ. Percentage of osteoporosis and osteopenia and of partially degraded and degraded TBS was higher at the end study. Predominant discordance rate was found in partially degraded microarchitecture, in which the proportion of osteopenia was higher than normal or osteoporotic patients. AUC of TBS plus BMD did not improve discrimination. TBS, radioactive iodine, and sedentary lifestyle were the main differential data for patients with DTC and VFs.

Background. Escalating global plastic production, expected to reach 34,000 million tons by 2050, poses a significant threat to human and environmental well-being, particularly in aquatic ecosystems. Microplastics (MP) and nanoplastics (NP), which originate from the degradation of plastics, are of concern due to their potential bioaccumulation and uptake of pollutants. This study addresses identification methods and focuses on insect meal, a raw material for aquaculture feed. Methods. By using different techniques, the study was able to detect MP and NP in insect meal samples. Chemical digestion with KOH at 60°C efficiently removed organic matter without affecting the synthetic polymer polyethylene (PE). Filtration, confocal Raman microscopy, SEM and TEM were used for comprehensive analysis and integrity tests on PE films were performed using Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed the presence of PE microplastic particles in the insect meal, which was confirmed by correlative Raman and SEM mapping on a positively charged surface. In addition, the increased resolution of the Raman microscope identified submicrometric PE NP (800 nm). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed plastic-like structures in the insect meal, highlighting the presence of PE plastics characterized by irregular shapes and some agglomeration. The higher carbon concentration in the EDX analysis supported the plastic nature, which was also confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Conclusions. The study provides a robust method for the detection of MP and NP in insect meal and provides valuable insight into the possible presence of plastics in insect-based aquafeeds. The combination of different analytical methods increases the reliability of the results and sets the stage for future investigations that could focus on the quantification of NP and the assessment of their potential environmental impact.

Wavelength selective switches (WSSs) are essential elements for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks, as they offer cost-effective, high port-count and flexible spectral channel switching. This work proposes a new hybrid WSS architecture that leverages the beam shaping and steering features of uniform silicon nitride (SiN) based end-fire optical phased arrays (OPAs). By introducing beamforming to a WSS system, the spectral channels on the liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) panel can be tailored and arranged properly, depending on the optical configuration, using the beam control capabilities of OPAs. Combining 3D-FDTD and ray tracing simulations, the study shows that by reducing the input beam dimensions with proper sizing of the OPAs, the WSS design with the null-steering OPAs layout and 4×No switch size features increased spectral resolution. This extensive beamforming study on the steering-enabled layout reveals the acquirement of an even higher input channel number, achieving up to the 8×No WSS scheme with flexible channel routing on the LCoS panel. Such implementation of beamsteerers can unlock an extra degree of freedom for the switching capabilities of hybrid WSS devices. The results show great promise for the introduction of OPAs in WSS systems and provide valuable insight for the design of future wireless communication links and WDM systems.

The aging mechanism of 10% and 30% nickel substituted manganese hexacyanoferrate cathode material in aqueous zinc-ion batteries has been explored through the advanced synchrotron-based two-dimensional x-ray fluorescence technique. Thanks to the two-dimension modality, not only the metal concentration dynamics throughout the entire electrodes was followed during the aging process, but their spatial distribution was also revealed, suggesting the route of the material transformation. The dissolution of Mn and Ni, and the penetration of Zn inside the framework, alongside the Mn aggregations outside the hexacyanoferrate framework were detected. Additionally, the possibility of conducting x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements on the regions of interest made it possible to explore the chemical state of each metal, and furthermore, synchrotron-based powder x-ray diffraction demonstrated the gradual structural modification in 30% Ni-containing sample series, in terms of the different phase formation.

Background and Objectives: ARNE score was developed for the prediction of difficult airway for both general and ENT surgery with a universal cut-off value. We tested the accuracy of this score in the case of laryngeal surgery and provided an insight of its combination with flexible laryngoscopy. Materials and Methods: This prospective pilot clinical study included 100 patients who were being scheduled for microscopic laryngeal surgery. We have calculated ARNE score for every patient and flexible laryngoscopy was provided preoperative. Difficult intubation was assessed according to intubation difficulty score (IDS). Results: A total of 33% patients had difficult intubation according to IDS. ARNE score showed to be accurate for prediction of difficult intubation in laryngology with P<0.0001 and AUC 0.784. Flexible laryngoscopy showed to be an independent parameter with P<0.0001 and AUC 0.766. We have defined a new cut-off value of 15.50 for laryngology, according to AUC curve. After the patients were divided in two groups, according to the new cut-off value and provided cut-off value, AUC improved to 0.707 from 0.619 respectively. Flexible laryngoscopy improved the prediction model of ARNE score to AUC 0.882 and of new cut-off value to AUC 0.833. Conclusions: It is recommended to use flexible laryngoscopy together with ARNE score in difficult airway prediction in patients with laryngeal pathology. Also, universally recommended cut-off value of 11 can not be effectively used in laryngology and a new cut-off value of 15.50 is recommended.

With the use of linear regression modeling, this study sought to forecast and analyze rainfall patterns in Ethiopia. The dataset included historical rainfall data as well as pertinent independent variables. The R-squared score and mean squared error (MSE) were used to assess the effectiveness of the linear regression model. The results showed that the model's ability to forecast and analyze rainfall patterns was not very good. Only around 5.3% of the variance in rainfall could be explained by the chosen independent variables, according to the R-squared score of 0.053. This low number indicated that there was little correlation between the selected variables and rainfall, and that a sizable percentage of the variation in the dependent variable was not captured by the model. The model's accuracy in forecasting rainfall was shown to be quite low by the MSE error, with significant squared discrepancies between the expected and actual amounts. These results support the notion that the linear regression model as it is now designed is not appropriate for studying or forecasting Ethiopia's rainfall patterns. Alternative modeling approaches, the inclusion of other pertinent factors, and the assurance of the availability of high-quality data that faithfully captures the intricate dynamics of rainfall in the area all require more investigation.

Reactions of quinones with compounds containing an amino group can produce a wide variety of addition or substitution products that depend on reactivity of both quinone and amino derivative. 6,7-Dichloropyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-8,9-diones undergo selective nucleophilic substitution reaction with different benzohydrazides and α-hydroxy-p-quinone imine derivatives stabilized by strong intramolecular hydrogen bond were isolated. Synthesized compounds represent a combination of several structural motifs: benzimidazole core fused with α-hydroxy-p-quinone imine which contains a benzamido fragment. The protonation/deprotonation processes were investigated in a solution using UV-Vis spectroscopy and 1H NMR titration experiment. X-ray crystallography analysis revealed a set of weak non-covalent interactions such as intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking. Additionally, the redox behavior of 6,7-dichloropyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-8,9-dione and its p-imino derivative was investigated in acidic and neutral environment using cyclic voltammetry measurements. Cathode material based on 6,7-dichloropyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-8,9-dione could act as potential effective active electrode in aqueous electrolyte batteries, however further optimization is required.

Locoregional anaesthetic techniques are invaluable for providing multimodal analgesia for painful surgical procedures. This prospective, randomised study describes a nerve stimulator-guided bra-chial plexus blockade (BPB) in rabbits undergoing orthopaedic surgery in comparison to systemic lidocaine. Premedication was provided with intramuscular (IM) medetomidine, fentanyl and midazolam. Anaesthesia was induced (propofol IV) and maintained with isoflurane. Nine rabbits received a lidocaine BPB (2%; 0.3 ml kg-1), and eight received lidocaine constant rate infusion (CRI) (2 mg kg-1 IV, followed by 100 µg kg-1 minute-1). Rescue analgesia was provided with Fentanyl IV. Carprofen was administered at the end of surgery. Post-operative pain was determined using the Rabbit Grimace Scale (RGS) and a composite pain scale. Buprenorphine was administered accord-ing to pain score for two hours after extubation. Rabbits were filmed during the first two hours to measure distance travelled and behaviours. Food intake and faeces output were compared. Every rabbit in CRI required intraoperative rescue analgesia compared to no rabbits in BPB. How-ever, rabbits in both groups had similar pain scores and there was no difference in administration of postoperative analgesia. There were no significant differences in food intake or faeces produc-tion over 18 hours, and no significant differences in distance travelled, or behaviours examined during the first two hours. BPB seems superior for intraoperative analgesia. Postoperatively both groups were comparable.

The purpose of this study is to examine the match-related performance (scores and penalties) of the athletes in the Junior EJC (European Judo Championship) and U23 EJC categories before and immediately after the Covid-19 quarantine, according to gender and weight category groups. Our sample was based on the junior and U23, male and females, 2019-2020 Junior European Judo Championships and 2019-2020 U23 European Judo Championships. A total of 1431 matches in these tournaments were analyzed: male (n=812) and female (n=619). The main findings of this study showed that most matches in both the male and female categories resulted in ippon (2019-2020 average: 64,35% for Junior male, 70,55% for U23 male and 69,3% for Junior female, 64,4% for U23 female). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between gender and age groups concerning the match scores. In the formation phase of the technique, considerations of high- and low-intensity actions, and analysis of the speed of athletes during matches in official competitions can help to better understand the dynamics of the variability of movements in judo matches. In addition, suggestions are presented to be applied to athletes in different age categories who are on the way to become Olympic athletes.

Leishmaniasis are neglected diseases that affect regions such as South Asia, South Africa and Latin America, less developed regions. Current treatment, for cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniosis, which are the main forms of the disease, is based on the administration of pentavalent antimonial and amphotericin B. However, these drugs have low efficacy and high toxicity. For this reason, the search for new treatments for this disease is necessary, based on studies of new molecules and their conformations. The research proposed the conformational study of brominated guanidine compounds with potential antileishmanial activity using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The present study involves the bro-minated molecules, LQOF-G2, LQOF-G30, LQOF-G35 and LQOF-G35-Br. The later was synthesized by the reaction of LQOF-G35 with NBS under IR irradiation at 120 Watts of potency and dichloro-methane as solvent by 12-h of exposition. The obtained results demonstrated the efficiency of the bromination method, since two bromines atoms entered the molecule. Furthermore, NMR analysis showed the occurrence of a conformational change from Z to E when compound LQOF-G35 was brominated to LQOF-G35-Br. This feature was well confirmed by comparative DRX study of the LQOF-G35 and LQOF-G35-Br compounds. The antileishmanial activity of LQOF-G2 e LQOF-G35 motivated the synthesis of new brominated compounds LQOF-G30 e LQOF-G35-Br.

This retrospective study aimed to compare risk factors for vascular calcification (VC) between pre-hemodialysis (HD) and prevalent HD adult patients while investigating associations with calcification biomarkers. Baseline data from 30 pre-HD and 85 HD patients were analyzed, in-cluding iPTH, vitamin D, FGF-23, fetuin-A, sclerostin and VC scores (Adragao method). Preva-lence of VC was similar in both groups, but HD patients had more frequent VC scores ≥6. Pre-HD patients were older, with higher prevalence of hypertension and less frequent use of calcium phosphate binders. Both groups showed similar patterns of hyperphosphatemia, low vitamin D, and iPTH. Fetuin-A levels were higher in pre-HD, while FGF-23 was elevated in HD patients. Higher VC risk in pre-HD patients was associated with male gender, older age, lower fetuin-A and higher sclerostin, lower ferritin and no vitamin D treatment, while in HD patients with higher sclerostin, FGF23 and urea, and lower iPTH. Conclusion. Progression of CKD from the pre-HD to the HD stage is accompanied by a decreased effect of the inhibitor and an increase in the promoter VC. However, mineral imbalance, hormonal regulation, treatment options, and patient-specific fac-tors should be considered. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying pathways.

This paper investigates pseudo-polymorphism in 2-pyridylmethoxy derivatives of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (PyC4), p-tert-butyldihomooxa-calix[4]arenes (PyHOC4), and p-tert-butylhexahomotrioxacalix[3]arenes (PyHO3C3), presenting 11 crystal structures with 15 crystallographically independent molecules. The macrocycle of PyC4 is smaller and less flexible with respect to those of PyHOC4 and PyHO3C3 and in solution, the cone conformation of these three molecules exhibit different point symmetries: C4, Cs and C3, respectively. A correlation is observed between the macrocycle's structural rigidity and the number of pseudo-polymorphs formed. The more rigid PyC4 displays a higher number (6) of pseudo-polymorphs compared to PyHOC4 and PyHO3C3, which exhibit a smaller number of crystalline forms (3 and 2, respectively). The X-ray structures obtained show that the conformation of the macrorings is primarily influenced by the presence of an acetonitrile guest molecule within the cavity, with limited impact from crystal packing and intermolecular cocrystallized solvent molecules. Notably, both calix[4]arene derivatives produce host-guest complex with acetonitrile, while the most flexible and less aromatic PyHO3C3 do not give crystals with acetonitrile as guest. Intertwined 1D and 2D solvent channel networks were observed in the PyHOC4-hexane and in the PyHO3C3-H2O-MeOH crystal structures, respectively, while the other pseudopolymorphs of PyHOC4 and PyHO3C3 and all PyC4 crystal forms exhibit a closely packed crystal structures without open channels.

Chitosan (CS) nanoparticles are under investigation for a wide range of applications in nanomedicine. The structural, molecular and physicochemical properties of chitosan nanoparticles have a direct bearing on their efficacy in drug conjugation and delivery, gene delivery, and tissue engineering. Herein we report on the structural, morphological and molecular properties of chitosan nanoparticles synthesized using the ionic gelation method with the intended purpose of being used for drug delivery. The chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) were prepared in the 0.25 to 1.0% w/v concentration range, whereas separate samples of the 1.0% w/v CS-NPs were also functionalized with polyethylene oxide (PEO) alone and with a diblock copolymer of PEO and polypropylene glycol (PPG). The average size of the CS-NPs was determined from TEM imaging to be in the range of 11.3 to 14.8 nm. The XRD and TEM analyses show that the CS-NPs have semi-crystalline structure with the degree of crystallinity depending upon the nature of synthesis. Our results show that functionalizing the 1.0% w/v CS-NPs with PEO increases the degree of crystallinity whereas functionalizing with the diblock copolymer PEO - PPG results in a significant increase in their degree crystallinity. The CS/TPP concentration (CS:TPP fixed at 1:1 ratio) had no apparent effect on the degree of crystallinity of the CS-NPs. The results from the FTIR analysis confirm incorporation of TPP with CS in the CS-NPs. Additionally, FTIR analysis shows an enhancement of hydrogen bonding that is consistent with the increase in the degree of crystallinity of the CS-NPs.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and osteoporosis are two of the most widespread metabolic disease in the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of DM among patients affected by osteoporosis and fragility fractures, and to search differences in clinical features. Methods: 713 patients belonging to CTO Bone Unit because of osteoporosis and fragility fractures were divided into two groups, according to the diagnosis of DM. The clinical and bone characteristics of patients were compared. Results: Prevalence of DM was 10.8%. When compared to patients without DM, the median age at the time of first fracture was similar (72 years ± 14 IQR vs 71 years ± 12 IQR); prevalence of combination of vertebral and hip fractures was higher (p=0.039), as well as prevalence of males, although not significantly (p=0.051). Bone mineral density (BMD) at all sites was higher in DM group; Trabecular Bone Score (TBS), instead, was significantly lower (p<0.001). Conclusions: Patients with fragility fractures and DM more frequently show combination of major fractures with higher BMD levels. In these patients, TBS could be a better indicator of bone health than BMD and therefore should be used as a diagnostic tool in clinical practice.

Two ferrocene derivatives, namely, 1,2-(tetramethylene)-ferrocene and 1,2,1’,2’-bis(tetramethylene)-ferrocene, were synthesized in a four-step reaction sequence starting from ferrocene. Friedel-Craft acylation of ferrocene with succinic anhydride gave mono- or bis(3-carboxypropinoyl)ferrocene depending on the stoichiometry of succinic anhydride. The reduction of the keto groups to methylene, followed by ring-closing using trifluoroacetic anhydride gave 1,2-(α-ketotetramethylene)-ferrocene or 1,2,1’,2’-bis(α-ketotetramethylene)ferrocene. The diastereomeric mixture of the latter diketones was separated by column chromatography, characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis, and assigned their stereochemistry. Reduction of the keto groups to methylene under Clemmensen conditions gave homoannular mono- or bis(tetramethylene) ferrocene derivatives. The molecular structure of 1,2-(tetramethylene)-ferrocene revealed that the ipso carbon atoms of the cyclopentadienyl group are 0.023(3) Å farther away from Fe(II) compared to the remaining three carbon atoms. Both complexes exhibit lower half-wave oxidation potentials than ferrocene, possibly due to the electron-releasing effects of the tetramethylene bridges.

Using the h-index to assess individual researchers is not only unethical and unfair but also inaccurate and misleading. This index fails to offer a reliable measure of a researcher's impact based on their citation scores. Beyond statistical and conceptual considerations, authorship practices, especially in the case of multi-authored publications, give rise to significant problems that often go unnoticed. While some modifications of the h-index have been proposed to mitigate these weaknesses, the fundamental deficiencies persist. Most of these flaws have been effectively addressed by the c-score, a composite citation index. The c-score excludes self-citations, normalizes the number of citations by considering the number of authors in each paper, and takes into account first, single, and last authorship. This approach provides a more realistic measure of the impact of each individual researcher based on raw citations.

This article aims to detect lung cavitations using lung ultrasound (LUS) in a cohort of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and correlate the findings with chest computed tomography (CT) and chest x-ray (CXR) to obtain LUS diagnostic sensitivity. Patients with suspected TB were enrolled after being evaluated with CXR and chest CT. A blinded radiologist performed LUS within 3 days after the admission at the Infectious Diseases Department. Finally, 82 patients were enrolled in the study. BAL confirmed TB in 58/82 (71%). Chest CT showed pulmonary cavitations in 38/82 (43.6%; 32 TB patients and 6 non-TB ones), LUS in 15/82 (18.3%; 11 TB patients and 4 non-TB ones) and CXR in 27/82 (33%; 23 TB patients and 4 non-TB ones). Patients with multiple cavitations were 12 detected at CT and only 1 at LUS. LUS sensitivity was 39.5%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 65.7%. CXR sensitivity was 68.4% and specificity 97.8%. No false positive cases were found. LUS sensitivity is rather low as many cavitated consolidations do not reach the pleural surface. Aerated cavitations could be detected with LUS with relative confidence, highlighting a thin air-crescent sign towards the pleural surface within a hypoechoic area of consolidation, easily distinguishable from dynamic or static air-bronchogram.

This study presents a novel approach for automating the body condition scoring of dairy cows, leveraging advancements in 3D imaging technology and deep neural networks. The primary objective was to design and implement a system capable of accurately and efficiently assessing the body condition of dairy cows, a critical metric in livestock management for optimizing health and productivity. To achieve this, a 3D camera was employed to capture detailed point cloud data, reconstructing the three-dimensional morphology of individual cows. The obtained data were then fed into a deep neural network, specifically tailored for the task of ranking body condition. The neural network was trained on a diverse dataset of annotated body condition score representing varying degrees of body condition, ensuring robust performance across different physiological states. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed system in automatically and objectively scoring the body condition of dairy cows. The automated process not only expedites the assessment but also reduces the subjectivity associated with manual scoring methods. This innovative approach holds promise for improving the efficiency of dairy farm management by providing timely and accurate body condition assessments. The integration of 3D imaging and deep learning techniques paves the way for future advancements in precision livestock farming, contributing to enhanced animal welfare, optimized production, and sustainable agriculture practices.

Background and aims: For many surgical procedures, spinal anesthesia is a reliable and efficient anesthetic approach. Numerous drugs have been reported to be administered to intrathecal local anesthetics as adjuvants to increase the efficacy of spinal anesthesia. There is little evidence of the effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine on pain scores and the consumption of analgesia postoperatively. Methods: After obtaining ethical approval, demographical and clinical data of patients who underwent surgical procedures under spinal anesthesia with intrathecal dexmedetomidine or fentanyl was collected and analyzed. Results: In this study with 96 patients, intrathecal dexmedetomidine (group D) resulted in significantly lower post-operative pain scores compared to intrathecal fentanyl (group F) (p=0.000). Across various surgical types, including Orthopedic, General, Urology, and Obs/Gyne procedures, group D consistently displayed reduced pain scores (p<0.001). The number of patients who needed post-operative analgesia was significantly higher in group (F) than in group (D) (40 vs 23, p=0.002). Conclusion: Compared to fentanyl, intrathecal dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to local anesthesia was found to lower post-operative pain scores and decrease the need for post-operative analgesia.

Agricultural crops productivity is heavily influenced by the strength of their seeds. Current methods for testing seed vigor, such as the germination rate and tetrazolium test, rely on time-consuming human visual inspections. Computer Vision, a crucial technology in smart production processes, offers an automated alternative and is increasingly applied in digital agriculture processes. Here we propose a method that combines YOLOv8 and morphological analysis of seeds using X-ray images to aid seed quality analysts in classifying seed lots based on their physiological potential. We examined the internal morphology of three seed lots and generated X-ray images to train a YOLOv8-based model with a post-segmentation module. This model assessed various parameters such as the total seed area, area filled by the embryo and endosperm, length, width, and calculated the percentage occupied by the embryo and endosperm in relation to the total seed area. Subsequently, seeds were classified into four categories based on the internal area occupied by the endosperm and embryo. Our findings reveal the robust performance of the YOLOv8 model in segmenting and classifying despite the challenges posed by a relatively small dataset. Notably, the proposed model achieved an impressive accuracy of up to 95.6% in identifying and segmenting the endosperm over 1,500 epochs with just 15 training images. The endosperm/seed area ratio, particularly within the 50-60% range covering over 50% of the samples, emerged as a significant metric for evaluating the viability of seed batches.

This research investigates the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of a polylactic acid (PLA)-iron (PLI) composite designed to enable magnetic actuation. Tensile specimens of PLI are produced through Fused Filament Fabrication, incorporating diverse printing angles ranging from 0° to 90°, thereby facilitating the creation of a variety of layups. The microstructure of these 3D-printed composites is analysed using X-ray micro-tomography. Furthermore, the tensile mechanical properties of all composites are evaluated, and the findings are deliberated in relation to the conditions of the printing angle. Additionally, the fractography of broken specimens is examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy. The findings indicate that the printing angle plays a significant role in influencing the tensile properties of the 3D-printed PLI composites, particularly in adjusting mechanical anisotropy. Moreover, an optimal layup of 45°/45° is attained, resulting in an enhanced ranking of the tensile performance. These findings related to 3D-printed PLI composites present a cost-efficient option for manufacturing bio-sourced light-adaptive composites through 3D printing, enabling the generation of intricate magnetic actuation performance.

Anastomotic Leakage (AL) remains the main cause of post-esophagectomy morbidity and mortality. Early detection can avoid sepsis and reduce morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of the NUn-score and its components as early detectors of AL. This single centre observational cohort study included all esophagectomies from 2010-2020. C-reactive Protein (CRP), Albumin (Alb) and White cell count (WCC) were analyzed and Nun-scores calculated. Area under the curves (AUC) were used to assess their predictive accuracy. Seventy-four of the 668 patients (11%) developed an AL. CRP and the NUn-score proved to be good diagnostic accuracy tests on POD2 (CRP AUC:0,859; Nun-score AUC:0,869) and POD4 (CRP AUC:0,924; Nun-score AUC:0,948). A 182mg/L CRP cut-off on POD4 yielded a 87% sensitivity, 88% specificity, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 98% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 47,7%. A Nun score cut-off>10 resulted in 92% sensitivity, 95% specificity, 99% NPV and 68% PPV. Albumin and WCC have limited value in the detection of post-esophagectomy AL. Elevated CRP and a high NUn score on POD4 provide a high accuracy to predict AL after esophageal cancer surgery. Their high negative predictive value allows to select patients who can safely proceed with enhanced recovery protocols.

The thermal decomposition of siderite and its decomposition products in a vacuum atmosphere was investigated for the first time using in situ high-temperature transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy. These measurements were supported by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and magnetic measurements. In situ Mössbauer spectra were collected from room temperature (RT) to 750 oC with a temperature step of 50 oC. After that, the sample was cooled down to RT with step 100 oC. Raw siderite samples contain siderite as the only iron-bearing mineral, and after heating the samples at high temperatures, hematite and magnetite are only Fe-bearing phases. In the temperature range of 300 oC - 500 oC, siderite decomposition occurs. The analysis shows that siderite transforms directly into magnetite, and then hematite generation occurs as long as siderite is present in the sample. Changing hyperfine parameters like isomer shift, quadrupole splitting, or hyperfine magnetic field versus temperature were obtained for siderite and iron oxides (hematite, magnetite). The measurements also show that magnetite formed during the decomposition of siderite is a composition of particles of various sizes and a low degree of crystallization.

(1) Background: CTA has validated the use of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation as a credible indicator of coronary inflammation and plays a crucial role in coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of high-dose statins on PCAT attenuation at coronary lesion sites and changes in plaque distribution; (2) Methods: Our prospective observational study included 52 patients (mean age 60.43) with typical chest pain, a low-to-intermediate likelihood of CAD, and documented atheromatous plaque through CCT. We utilized advanced features of the CaRi-Heart® and syngo.via Frontier® systems to assess coronary plaques and changes in PCAT attenuation; (3) Results: Changes in plaque morphology were investigated, revealing significant alterations. Notably, in mixed plaques, calcified portions increased (p < 0.0001), while non-calcified plaque volume (NCPV) decreased (p = 0.0209). PCAT attenuation generally decreased after one year and remained low, indicating reduced inflammation in the following arteries: LAD (p = 0.0142), LCX (p = 0.0513), and RCA (p = 0.1249). The CaRi-Heart® risk also decreased significantly (p = 0.0041). Linear regression analysis demonstrated a correlation between increased PCAT attenuation and higher volumes of NCPV (p < 0.0001, r = 0.3032) and lipid-rich plaque volume (p < 0.0001, r = 0.3281); (4) Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that high-dose statin therapy significantly reduces CAD risk factors, inflammation, and plaque vulnerability, as evidenced by the notable decrease in PCAT attenuation, a critical indicator of plaque progression.

In this work, we have studied microstructure and unusual ferromagnetic behavior in cobalt (Co)-implanted epitaxial tin dioxide (SnO2) films. The study was aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between cobalt implant distribution, crystal defects, such as oxygen vacancies, and magnetic properties in Co-implanted SnO2 films, which has potential applications in spintronics and memristor devices. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), differential thermo-magnetic analysis (DTMA), and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) were employed for investigations of SnO2 films implanted with 40 keV Co+ ions at room or the elevated temperatures of substrate. The experimental data showed that the Co ion implantation with high fluence of 1.0 1017 ions/cm2 induces significant changes in the microstructure of SnO2 films, leading to the appearance of ferromagnetism with the Curie temperature significantly above room temperature. Strong influence of implantation temperature and subsequent high-temperature annealing in air or in vacuum on magnetic properties of Co-implanted SnO2 films were established. Moreover, the chemical effect of ethanol on FMR spectra were observed. The obtained results are discussed within the model of two magnetic layers with different concentration and valence states of the implanted cobalt and with high content of oxygen vacancies.

In this study, we introduce the concept and construction of an innovative Digital Miniature Cathode Ray Magnetometer designed for the precise detection of magnetic fields. This device addresses several limitations inherent to magnetic probes such as D.C. offset, nonlinearity, temperature drift, sensor aging, and the need for frequent recalibration, while capable of oper-ating in a wide range of magnetic fields. The core principle of this device involves the utilization of a charged particle beam as the sensitivity medium. The system leverages the interaction of an electron beam with a scintillator material, which, then, emits visible light that is captured by an imager. The emitted scintillation light is captured by a CMOS sensor. This sensor not only rec-ords the scintillation light but also accurately determines the position of the electron beam, providing invaluable spatial information crucial for magnetic field mapping. The key innova-tion lies in the combination of electron beam projection, CMOS imager scintillation-based de-tection and digital image signal processing. By employing this synergy, the magnetometer achieves remarkable accuracy, sensitivity and dynamic range. The precise position registration enabled by the CMOS sensor further enhances the device's utility in capturing complex magnetic field patterns, allowing for 2D field mapping. In this work, the optimization of the probe's per-formance is tailored for applications related to the characterization of insertion devices in light sources, including undulators.

Modern gastroenterology, which occupies the pages of scientific journals without alternative, began as an initiative of manufacturers of diagnostic equipment. For widespread advertising, they selected practical doctors who were not familiar with the methodology of science and superficial knowledge of physiology. This is how a group led by DeMeester arose, which in 1976 published the DeMeester score, i.e., the normal limit for esophageal pH monitoring. pH <4, less than 4% of the time per day was considered normal, i.e., it was unreasonably claimed that such reflux is physiological. This article proves that this study was carried out with numerous methodological errors, which led to an erroneous conclusion. For a long time, pH monitoring was considered the gold standard and with its help hypotheses were proposed that form the basis of modern gastroenterology. The article proves the fallacy of 13 hypotheses, which are presented as theories. Numerous articles using pH monitoring have publicized this method. Practitioners became "great scientists", equipment manufacturers became successful businessmen. Over time, they found other groups of practitioners to promote devices for impedance ph monitoring, high-resolution manometry, and many others. At the same time, a network of reviewers who believe in the infallibility of the luminaries do not allow studies that contradict their faith to be published. Thus, fundamental science was destroyed, which alone could assess the harm of false research both for science and for patients. Conclusion This study provides a list of hypotheses, that were previously considered theories, but since scientific evidence has proven these assumptions to be false, they should be excluded from subsequent use and citation.

Diastematomyelia, also known as split cord syndrome, is a congenital disorder of the spinal cord. As the name suggests, the spinal cord is split into two resulting in neurological complaints associated with cutaneous symptoms. Although the diagnosis can be done clinically, for disease confirmation, various radiological investigations are used for the diagnosis of this condition. Here, we present a case of a 54-year-old Indian female diagnosed with diastematomyelia. The clinical features, diagnostic modalities, treatment options and prognosis of this condition have been discussed.

A number of epidemiological studies have implicated elevated iron levels with higher risks of cardiometabolic diseases, including the metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is a pathologic clustering of metabolic derangements characterized by central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which can all lead to increased cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. However, it remains unclear whether a causal association exists between higher iron status and MetS and its associated risk components. Using the data from the Taiwan Biobank (TWB) (19,012 males; 42,340 females) and of the European Whites from the UK Biobank (UKB) (128,549 males; 142,817 females), we first constructed ethnic- and sex-specific hemoglobin-polygenic risk scores (Hb-PRS) as instrumental variable (IV) for iron status with the Hb-associated SNPs we previously identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We then conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to elucidate the causal role of elevated iron (either Hb-PRS quintiles or continuous Hb-PRS) on various metabolic components. MR-Egger regressions determined the potential pleiotropic effects of the constructed Hb-PRSs, while the causal relationship of Hb-PRS with anemia served as a control in the analyses. The mean Hb concentration range corresponding to the Hb-PRS quintiles is relatively narrow in both UKB (14.91-15.21 g/dL for males and 13.39-13.71 g/dL for females) and TWB (14.79-15.28 g/dL for males and 12.78-13.21 g/dL for females). In these windows of Hb-PRSs, we found differential associations of Hb-PRS with diabetes (T2D) or hyperglycemia (HGY) as compared to other MetS components. The highest quintiles of Hb-PRSs were causally associated with greater risks of hypertension (HTN) and hypertriglyceridemia (DLP) (i.e., [Taiwanese HC males: Q5 vs. Q1 ORHTN = 1.10 (1.00–1.21), p = 0.0473, Q4 vs. Q1 ORDLP = 1.10 (1.00–1.22), p = 0.0485; European White males: ORHTN = 1.05 (1.01–1.09), p = 0.0194, ORDLP = 1.04 (1.00–1.08), p = 0.0468]). Interestingly, we obtained a consistent negative causal association between increasing Hb-PRS quintiles and T2D or HGY risk across all sex subgroups (i.e., [Taiwanese HC females: ORHGY = 0.89 (0.84–0.95), 0.88 (0.83–0.94), 0.87 (0.82–0.93), 0.86 (0.81–0.92) from Q2 to Q5; European White females: ORHGY = 0.92 (0.87–0.98), 0.91 (0.86–0.97), 0.93 (0.87–0.98), 0.87 (0.82–0.93) from Q2 to Q5; all p &lt; 0.05]. The positive causal relationships between Hb-PRSs and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and triglycerides (TG) but inverse causal association with glucose (GLU) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) further corroborated such findings. There is, however, a lack of causal association with central obesity (CO), while a U-shaped type of causality was observed for gout (GT) or hyperuricemia (HUA). Sensitivity analyses, which excluded subjects based on self-reports of health conditions or medications and hospital episode statistics data, revealed similar results. Our MR studies confirm a modest causal relationship between propensity of elevated iron status and increased risk of HTN and DLP. We have further observed that modestly lower iron levels causally contribute to the development of T2D. Further validation and elucidation of the underlying biological mechanisms are highly warranted.

The reduction of Ce cations in CeO2 can be enhanced by its partial substitution by Fe cations. The enhanced reduction of Ce cations results in a considerable increase in the reaction rates for thermal water splitting reaction when compared to CeO2 alone. This mixed oxide has a smaller crystallite size when compared to CeO2 in addition to a smaller lattice size. In this work, two Fe-substituted Ce oxides are studied (Ce0.95Fe0.05O2 and Ce0.75Fe0.25O2) by core and valence level spectroscopy in their as-prepared and Ar-ions sputtered states. Ar-ions sputtering substantially increases Ce4f lines at about 1.5 eV below the Fermi level. In addition, it is found that the XPS Ce5p/O2s ratio is sensitive to the degree of reduction, most likely due to a higher charge transfer from the oxygen to Ce ions upon reduction. Quantitatively it is also found that XPS Ce3d of the fraction of Ce3+ (uo, u’ and vo, v’) formed upon Ar-ions sputtering and the ratio Ce5p/O2s lines are higher for reduced Ce0.95Fe0.05O2 than for reduced Ce0.75Fe0.25O2. XPS Fe2p showed however no preferential increase for Fe3+ reduction to Fe0 with increasing time for both oxides. Since water splitting was higher on Ce0.95Fe0.05O2 when compared to Ce0.75Fe0.25O2, it is inferred that the reaction centers for the thermal water splitting to hydrogen are the reduced Ce cations and not the reduced Fe cations. These reduced Ce cations can be tracked by their XPS Ce5p/O2s ratio in addition to the common XPS Ce3d lines.

The new diprotic ligand 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde 4-ethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone, abbreviated H2(3,5-t-Bu2)-sal4eT, exists as the thio-keto tautomer and adopts the E-configuration with respect to the imine double bond as evidenced by single-crystal X-ray analysis and corroborated by spectroscopic characterisation. Upon treatment with Cu(OAc)2·H2O in the presence of either 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (2,9-Me2-phen) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) as a co-ligand in MeOH, this thiosemicarbazone undergoes conformational transformation (relative donor-atom orientations: syn,anti → syn,syn) concomitantly with tautomerization and double deprotonation to afford the ternary copper(II) complexes [Cu{(3,5-t-Bu2)-sal4eT}(2,9-Me2-phen)] (1) and [Cu2{3,5-t-Bu2)-sal4eT}2(phen)] (2). Crystallographic elucidation has revealed that complex 1 is a centrosymmetric dimer of mononuclear copper(II) complex molecules brought about by intermolecular H-bonding. The coordination geometry at the copper(II) centre is best described as distorted square pyramidal in accord with the trigonality index (τ = 0.14). The co-ligand adopts an axial-equatorial coordination mode; hence there is a disparity between its two Cu–N coordinate bonds arising from weakening of the apical one as a consequence of the tetragonal distortion. The axial X-band ESR spectrum of complex 1 is consistent with retention of this structure in solution. Complex 2 is a centrosymmetric dimer of dinuclear copper(II) complex molecules exhibiting intermolecular H-bonding and π-π-stacking interactions. The two copper(II) centres, which are 4.8067(18) Å apart and bridged by the thio-enolate nitrogen of the quadridentate thiosemicarbazonate ligand, display two different coordination geometries, one distorted square planar (τ4 = 0.082) and the other distorted square pyramidal (τ5 = 0.33). Such dinuclear copper(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes, which are crystallographically characterised, are extremely rare. In vitro, complexes 1 and 2 outperform cisplatin as antiproliferative agents in terms of potency and selectivity towards HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines.

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) are increasingly popular for online learning. These systems use adaptive algorithms to recommend relevant content based on students' profiles. However, instructors need to periodically assess students' performance to ensure learning outcomes and adjust strategies accordingly. Our objective is to predict students' progress in advance, enabling teachers to make quicker decisions and facilitating the iterative process of adaptive algorithms. For this study, we collected a dataset from ALIN, an online learning platform, consisting of over 5,000 students' learning records and test results. Using this dataset, we conducted experiments employing various machine learning algorithms. The results indicate that learning behavior contributes to improving forecast performance, while students' progress strongly correlates with their previous test results. Additionally, we discovered that students' progress can be indirectly predicted by forecasting their scores. Furthermore, by breaking down overall scores into several distinct components and predicting individual scores for each component, the accuracy of the forecasts can be improved.

The article presents a technology for producing nitrogen-containing nanoporous biocarbon with high degree of elemental composition homogeneity, confirmed by electron spectroscopy. The research explores the relationship among the electronic characteristics of supramolecular nanoporous carbon, its porous structure, and the capacitance at its interface with the electrolyte. The obtained biocarbon is characterized by micro and mesopores, as evidenced by the results of studies by the method of nitrogen adsorption/desorption. The specific area of the available porous surface was found to be 1247 m2/g. Comparing this result with the data of small-angle X-ray scattering, we conclude that micropores are open while mesopores remain closed. This material was found to have a saturation magnetization σs of 1.4 A∙m2∙kg-1 and a coercive force Hc of 10 kA/m. The impedance studies of electrochemical cells of supercapacitors made of the experimental biocarbon were carried out. Equivalent electrical circuits of the studied electrochemical processes were constructed and characterized.

The MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov) Florian Goebel telescopes are a system of two Cherenkov telescopes located on the Canary island of La Palma (Spain), at the Roque de Los Muchachos Observatory, and operating in stereo mode since 2009. Their low energy threshold (reaching 15 GeV) allows the study of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) in the very-high-energy gamma ray range with an impressive sensitivity up to the redshift limit of the existing IACT systems. MAGIC has collected many discoveries and comprehensive studies of different kinds of galaxies and their AGNs, also in a multi-wavelength context, expanding the knowledge of our Universe. Here we report the highlights which have been achieved by the MAGIC collaboration since the beginning of the operations.

Sumatriptan is a serotonin receptor agonist approved by FDA in 1992 to treat migraines. Its’ solid form used in commercially available drugs Imitrex, Treximet, Onzetra Xsail and Zembrace symtouch is sumatriptan succinate. Herein we report on crystal structure of sumatriptane succinate hemi(ethanol solvate), HSum+·HSucc–·0.5EtOH, its comparison with previously reported solids containing derivatives of sumatriptan.

Alectinib hydrochloride is an anticancer medication used for the first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Although it has been approved for medical use ten years ago, and three polymorphs of this substance were proposed based on X-ray diffraction patterns, their crystal structures remained unknown to date. The main problem was preparation of high quality single crystals due to very low solubility of the salt. Herein we report on molecular and crystal structure of form I of alectinib hydrochloride as obtained by powder X-ray diffraction data from laboratory source. The refinement revealed that the nitrogen atom of the morpholinyl ring is protonated. The chloride anion interacts with the H(N) atoms of the morpholine and benzo[b]carbazole rings to form infinite H-bonded chains.

Background and Objectives: Cardiovascular events are the leading cause of morbidity and mortal-ity in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Identifying risk factors can help in the effort to reduce cardi-ovascular risk and improve life expectancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of CHA2DS2-VASc score [risk index of stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF)] in patients with end stage kidney disease, to predict stroke, major cardiovascular events and mortality. Materials and Meth-ods: CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED (bleeding risk from use of anticoagulation in AF) scores were calculated in 237 HD patients, [99 women, median age 76 (15) years], at time they com-menced on HD. The scores’ ability to predict long term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality was estimated, both in those with and without AF. Results: CHA2DS2-VASc score was signifi-cantly increased in AF (n=69) compared to non-AF (n=168) patients, 5 (2.5) versus 4 (2), p<0.0001, respectively. Increased CHA2DS2-VASc score was associated with heart failure (p=0.007, p=0.024), stroke (p<0.0001, p<0.0001) and risk of all-cause mortality (p<0.0001, p<0.0001), in both groups, respectively. C statistics indicated that CHA2DS2-VASc score performed modest discrimination in this HD population with and without AF for heart failure, stroke, and all-cause mortality, but for cardiovascular mortality in AF group only. Conclusions: Increased CHA2DS2-VASc score at time starting on HD, can predict stroke, heart failure and all-cause mortality in HD patients in-dependent of the presence of AF. Risk of cardiovascular mortality could be predicted only on patients with AF.

Bottlebrush (BB) elastomers with water-soluble side chains and tissue-mimetic mechanical properties are promising for biomedical applications like tissue implants and drug depots. This work investigates the microstructure and phase transitions of BB elastomers with crystallizable polyethylene oxide (PEO) side chains by real-time synchrotron X-ray scattering. In the melt, the elastomers exhibit the characteristic BB peak corresponding to the backbone-to-backbone correlation. Upon crystallization of the side chains, the intensity of the peak decays linearly with crystallinity, and eventually vanishes due to BB packing disordering within intercrystalline amorphous gaps. This behavior of the bottlebrush peak differs from an earlier study of BBs with poly(ε-caprolactone) side chains, explained by stronger backbone confinement in the case of PEO, a high-crystallinity polymer. Microstructural models based on 1D SAXS correlation function analysis suggest crystalline lamellae of PEO side chains separated by amorphous gaps of monolayer-like BB backbones.

Ionizing radiation-induced damage in cancer and normal cells leads to apoptosis and cell death, through the intracellular oxidative stress, DNA damage and disorders of their metabolism. Irradiation doses that do not lead to the death of tumor cells can result in the emergence of radioresistant clones of these cells, due to the rearrangement of metabolism and the emergence of new mutations, including those in the genes responsible for DNA repair. The search for the substances capable of modulating the functioning of the tumor cell repair system is an urgent task. Here we analyzed the effect of cerium(III) fluoride nanoparticles (CeF3 NPs) on normal (human mesenchymal stem cells – hMSCs) and cancer (MCF-7 line) human cells after X-ray radiation. CeF3 NPs effectively prevent the formation of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in an irradiated aqueous solution, showing pronounced antioxidant properties. CeF3 NPs are able to protect hMSCs from radiation-induced proliferation arrest, increasing their viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, and, conversely, inducing the cell death of MCF-7 cancer cells, causing radiation-induced mitochondrial hyperpolarization. CeF3 NPs provided a significant decrease in the number of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in normal cells, while in MCF-7 cells the number of γ-H2AX foci dramatically increased in the presence of CeF3 4 hours after irradiation. In the presence of CeF3 NPs, there was a tendency to modulate the expression of most analyzed genes associated with the development of intracellular oxidative stress, cell redox status and the DNA repair system after X ray irradiation. Cerium-containing nanoparticles are capable of providing selective protection of normal cells from radiation-induced injuries and are considered as a platform for the development of promising clinical radioprotectors.

Industrial radiography is a pivotal non-destructive testing (NDT) method that ensures quality and safety in a wide range of industrial sectors. Conventional human-based approaches, however, are prone to challenges in defect detection accuracy and efficiency, primarily due to the high inspection demand from manufacturing industries with high production throughput. To solve this challenge, numerous computer-based alternatives have been developed, including Auto-mated Defect Recognition (ADR) using deep learning algorithms. At the core of training, these algorithms demand large volumes of data that should be representative of real-world cases. However, the availability of digital X-ray radiography data for open research is limited by non-disclosure contractual terms in the industry. This study presents a pipeline that is capable of modeling synthetic images based on statistical information acquired from X-ray intensity distribution from real digital X-ray radiography images. Through meticulous analysis of the intensity distribution in digital X-ray images, the unique statistical patterns associated with the exposure conditions used during image acquisition, type of component, thickness variations, beam divergence, anode heel effect, etc., are extracted. The realized synthetic images were utilized to train deep learning models, yielding an impressive model performance with mean intersection over union (IoU) of 0.93, and mean dice coefficient of 0.96, on real unseen digital X-ray radiography images. This methodology is scalable and adaptable, making it suitable for diverse industrial applications.

This paper aims to contribute to refining the e-values for testing precise hypotheses, especially when dealing with nuisance parameters, leveraging the effectiveness of asymptotic expansions of the posterior. The proposed approach offers the advantage of bypassing the need for elicitation of priors and reference functions for the nuisance parameters and the multidimensional integration step. For this purpose, starting from a Laplace approximation, a posterior distribution for the parameter of interest only is considered and then a suitable objective matching prior is introduced, ensuring that the posterior mode aligns with an equivariant frequentist estimator. Consequently, both Highest Probability Density credible sets and the e-value remain invariant. Some targeted and challenging examples are discussed.

Detailed description of carbonate minerals different in magnesium content of Triassic dolomites were presented in this article. The tests were carried out to determine geochemical and miner-alogical features in the terms of their geoengineering properties. The following carbonate phas-es were identified: a low-Mg calcite, a high-Mg calcite, a proto-dolomite, an ordered dolomite and a huntite. The following research methods were used: microscopic analysis, X-Ray Diffrac-tion, X-Ray Fluorescence and Electron probe microanalysis. The samples were collected from the Tarnowice formation which is the lower part the profile of the Upper Muschelkalk. On the basis of the results the chemical formulas of carbonate phases were calculated. The ranges of Mg and Ca content were presented in formulas. The results indicate of Mg in low-Mg calcite ranges from 0.6 to 1.2%, in high-Mg calcite from 7.47 to 10.41%. In proto-dolomite it ranges from 10.96 to 11.78%. In ordered dolomite Mg content is stoichiometric value for dolomite – 13.18%. Due to the reduced Mg content in identified huntite (the value ranges from 13.62% to 17.76), this carbonate phase was named as de-huntite.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or specific PTSD symptoms may evoke disordered eating and unhealthy lifestyles, resulting in adverse cardiometabolic events (e.g., hypertension and obesity) in certain groups, which may implicate the treatment of this complex condition. The diagnostic criteria of PTSD have lately expanded beyond the three common symptoms (intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal). Simultaneously, four-, five-, and six-dimensional structures of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), a popular PTSD measure, seem to be more robust than the original three-dimension structure. Within the context of COVID-19, this instrumental study used a convenience sample of 58 dental healthcare workers (HCWs) from Russia (mean age = 44.1±12.2 years, 82.8% females) to examine the criterion and predictive validity of two IES-R structures: the IES-R3 and the IES-R6 (with the added symptoms of numbing, sleep disturbance, and irritability). The subscales of the two IES-R structures expressed good internal consistency, strong correlations with the PTSD Symptom Scale (PSS), hypertension diagnosis, and high body mass index (BMI). In receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, all IES-R models perfectly predicted the PSS (all area under the curve (AUC) >0.9, p values <0.001). The IES-R, both hyperarousal subscales, and the IES-R3 intrusion subscale significantly predicted high BMI. Both avoidance subscales and the IES-R3 intrusion subscale, not the IES-R, significantly predicted hypertension. In conclusion, both IES-R structures can reliably measure PTSD symptoms. The IES-R, hyperarousal, and intrusion may be credible criterion variables for predicting high BMI within PTSD while the intrusion and avoidance subscales may reflect the cardiovascular consequences associated with PTSD more reliably than the IES-R itself. The IES-R subscales may predict cardiometabolic adversities in PTSD, signifying a need for proper assessment of lifestyle and the application of dietary and exercise interventions in order to lower physical morbidity in PTSD. Replicating the study in larger samples, which comprise different physical and mental conditions from heterogenous cultural contexts is pivotal to validate the results (e.g., in specific groups such as those with confirmed traumatic exposure and comorbid mood dysfunction).

This research addresses the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm newborns, caused by insufficient surfactant synthesis, which can lead to serious complications, including pneumothorax, pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary hemorrhage, increasing the risk of a fatal outcome. By analyzing chest radiographs and blood gases, we specifically focus on the significant contributions of these parameters to the diagnosis and analysis of the recovery of patients with RDS. The study involved 32 preterm newborns, and the analysis of gas parameters before and after the administration of surfactants and inhalation corticosteroid therapy revealed statistically significant changes in values of parameters such as FiO2, pH, pCO2, HCO3 and BE (Sig.&lt;0.05), ehile the pO2 parameter showed a potential change (Sig.=0.061). Parallel to this, the research emphasizes the development of a lung segmentation algorithm implemented in the MATLAB programming environment. The key steps of the algorithm include preprocessing, segmentation, and visualization for a more detailed understanding of the recovery dynamics after RDS. These algorithms have achieved promising results, with a global accuracy of 0.93±0.06, precision 0.81±0.16 and an F-score of 0.82±0.14. These results highlight the potential application of algorithms in the analysis and monitoring of recovery in newborns with RDS, also underscoring the need for further development of software solutions in medicine, particularly in neonatology, to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of preterm newborns with respiratory distress syndrome.

Active-case finding (ACF) using chest X-ray is an essential method of finding and diagnosing TB cases that may be missed in Indonesia's routine TB case finding. This study compares active and passive TB case-finding strategies. A retrospective study of TB case notification was conducted. Data between January 1 and December 31, 2021, was used. The population in this study were TB cases notified from Kulon Progo District health facilities, including those found through routine activities or active-case finding. A total of 255 TB cases were diagnosed in Kulon Progo in 2021, and 106 (41.6%) were bacteriologically confirmed. The TB patients' mean age was 46.3 (SD 21.4, range 0-85 years). The majority of cases were male (58.8%) and mostly among people aged 16-60 years old (63.5%). ACF diagnosed 91 TB cases (35.7% total cases, 91/255). The proportion of clinical TB cases (n=68, 74.7%) among those found through ACF was higher than found through passive-case finding. Use of chest X-ray in ACF likely contributed to the detection of a higher proportion of clinical TB than bacteriologically confirmed.

Recently, considerable work has been directed at development of a ultra-compact X-ray free-electron laser based on emerging techniques in high field cryogenic acceleration, with attendant dramatic improvements in electron beam brightness, and state-of-the-art concepts in beam dynamics, magnetic undulators, and X-ray optics. A full conceptual design of a 1 nm XFEL with a length and cost over an order of magnitude below current XFELs has resulted from this effort. This instrument has been developed with an emphasis on permitting exploratory scientific research in a wide variety of fields in a university setting. Concurrently, compact FELs are being urgently developed for use as an instrument to enable next generation chip manufacturing through use as a high flux, few-nm lithography source. This new role suggests consideration of XFELs to addressed urgently emerging demands in this sector, as identified by recent national need studies, for new radiation sources aimed at chip manufacturing: a coherent hard X-ray source which enables frontier metrology methods. Indeed, it has been shown that one may use coherent X-rays to perform 10 nm-class resolution surveys of macroscopic, cm-scale structures such as chips, using ptychographic laminography. As the XFEL is a very promising candidate for realizing such methods, we present here an analysis of the issues and likely solutions associated with extending the UCXFEL to harder X-rays (above 7 keV), much higher fluxes and levels of coherence, and methods of applying such a source for ptychographic laminography to micro-electronic device measurements. We discuss the development path to move the concept to rapid realization of a transformative FEL-based application, outlining FEL and metrology system challenges.

This study explores the dynamics of liquid holdup in a lab-scale co-current two-phase upflow moving packed bed reactor, specifically examining how superficial gas velocity influences the line average external liquid holdup at a fixed superficial liquid velocity. Utilizing Gamma-ray Densitometry (GRD) for precise measurements, this research extends to determining line average internal porosity within catalyst particles and the overall external bed porosity. Conducted with an air-water system within a bed packed with 3 mm extrudate porous particles, the study presents a novel methodology to calculate liquid holdup, grounded in Beer–Lambert's law. Findings reveal a decrease in liquid holdup corresponding with increased superficial gas velocity across axial and radial locations, with a notable transition from bubbly to pulse flow regime at a critical velocity of 3.8 cm/sec. Additionally, the lower sections of the packed bed exhibited higher external liquid holdup compared to the middle sections at varied gas velocities. The liquid holdup distribution appeared uniform at lower flow rates, whereas higher flow rates favored the middle sections.

Bifacial PV modules have become the pervasive choice for utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) installations. Understanding bifacial PV performance for commercial deployments is, therefore, critically important. Although there have been studies on the modeling of Bifacial PV performance, to the best of our knowledge, the comprehensive integration of racking and mounting geometry for Bifacial PV performance simulation is yet to be reported. In this work, we modeled the racking and mounting geometry for a field-deployed operational PV array. We then applied optical ray-trace simulation to study the impact of those structures on array performance. The study reveals that the support structures have a considerable impact on the rear surface irradiance and overall bifacial PV performance, amounting to as much as 30% shading in certain situations. The work analyzes the impact of installation parameters such as tilt, height, and row spacing on the bifacial PV array’s performance. Thus, a novel holistic approach to studying the sensitivity of various installation parameters’ impact on bifacial PV array performance, with the racking and mounting structure’s geometry integrated, has been demonstrated through the work. This knowledge and its practice enables site-specific design optimization for utility-scale bifacial solar PV arrays and synergistic PV applications such as agrivoltaics and carports, where maximizing power generation is not necessarily the sole objective.

Permeability is an important transport property of porous materials, and its accurate evaluation is relevant in studying applied tasks such as CO2 injection into reservoirs and investigating groundwater quality issues. This study examines the dependence of permeability on total and connected porosity, hydraulic tortuosity, specific surface area, and mean pore radius based on the data of 408 cubic sub-volumes extracted from heterogeneous and naturally fractured cylindrical carbonate samples before and after injection of HCl solutions into them. These parameters were computed using pore-scale modeling of fluid flow. It has been shown that permeability correlates well with porosity and mean pore radius with correlation coefficients of R2≈0.65-0.79 for heterogeneous samples. It was found that the presence of natural fractures significantly influenced the relationship between permeability and other parameters. The relationship between permeability k, tortuosity τ, and specific surface area S is described by power laws k~τ-α and k~S-β, with coefficients α and β substantially exceeding those in the Kozeny-Carman equation. It was also found that there is a parabolic relationship between connected and total porosities both before and after rock dissolution with R2≈0.96-0.99. This allowed for estimation of percolation threshold porosity that are in good agreement with the literature data.

It is well known that the basis of diffraction analysis of matter is scattering, including scattering of ultrashort laser pulses. In the theory of scattering of ultrashort pulses the pulse duration parameter is usually not taken into account, which leads to some error. This error may be more significant than the considered effects in the scattering of the pulse on the studied structure. In this paper it is shown that the pulse duration parameter should be taken into account when scattering X-ray pulses on oriented diamonds with NV-centers. It is shown that the scattering spectra can be used to judge the orientation of NV centers in the diamond structure. The obtained results may be very different from the widely used theory of diffraction analysis, which confirms the necessity of taking into account the pulse duration parameter in the diagnosis of complex structures.

High-throughput research on bimetallic nanoparticles brought a vast overview of their characteristics and catalytic activities.¹ However, traditional bimetallic nano-allloy quantification methods serving catalyst preparations are not suitable for the fast and robust data output of high-throughput experiments. Hence, this work designed and validated a more fast, more neat, and reliable quantitative analysis using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy for bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized by high-throughput setups. The results demonstrated this method to be accurate with high precision. Furthermore, the agreement to qualitative results from an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer equiped on a scanning electron microscope provided an option to quantify a bimetallic nano-alloy by just analyzing one of the two composing elements. Thus, this method is proved to be highly compatible with high-throughput experiments.

Post-menopausal women are at risk of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs), which if undetected and untreated, can lead to significant pain and morbidity. However, OVFs are often not reported by radiologists on routine chest radiographs. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in medical applications with improvements in detection and diagnosis. This study aims to investigate the clinical value of a newly developed AI tool, Ofeye 1.0 for automated detection of OVFs on lateral chest radiographs in post-menopausal women (&gt;60 years) who were referred to undergo chest x-rays for other reasons. A total of 510 de-identified lateral chest radiographs from three clinical sites were retrieved and analysed by Ofeye1.0 tool. These images were then reviewed by a consultant radiologist to decide whether there is any fracture present or not with findings served as the reference standard for determining the diagnostic performance of the AI tool. The percentage of radiologist reports which included the OVF was analysed by comparing diagnostic reports with AI findings, while the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) of the AI tool were calculated. Out of all the original radiologist reports, missed OVFs were found in 14% images but were detected by the AI tool. The AI tool demonstrated a relatively high specificity 92.8% (95% CI: 89.6, 95.2%), moderate accuracy 80.3% (95% CI: 76,3, 80.4%), PPV 73.7% (95% CI: 65.2, 80.8%) and NPV 81.5% (95%CI: 79, 83.8%), but low sensitivity 49% (95%CI: 40.7, 57.3%). The high false negative results were mainly due to mild OVFs with &lt;20% vertebral height loss. The new AI software tool has high specificity with a low false positive rate of 5.1%, showing that it can be used as a complimentary tool to the routine diagnostic reports for reduction of missed OVF in elderly women. The low sensitivity with high false negative rates indicate the necessity of radiologist’s in identifying and reporting early OVFs.

Different prognostic scores have been applied to identify patients with non-small cell lung cancer who have a higher probability of poor outcome. In this study we evaluated whether Naples Prognostic Score, a novel index which considers both inflammatory and nutritional values, was associated with long-term survival. The study is a retrospective propensity score matching analysis of patients who underwent curative surgery for non-small cell lung cancer from January 2016 to December 2021. The score considered four pre-operative parameters: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte to monocyte ratio, serum albumin and total cholesterol. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were performed to evaluate the relation between the score and disease-free survival, overall survival and cancer-related survival. A total of 260 patients were selected for the study, reduced to 154 after propensity score matching. Post-propensity Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significant correlation between Naples Prognostic Score and overall survival (p=0.018) and cancer-related survival (p=0.007). Multivariate Cox regression analysis further validated the score as an independent prognostic indicator for both these survivals (p=0.007 and p=0.010 respectively). Naples Prognostic Score proved to be an easily achievable prognostic factor of long-term survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer after surgical treatment.

The structural evolution and phase composition of multi-block thermoplastic polyurethanes, with different nature of the soft segments based on poly(butylene adipate) (PBA), were analyzed during in-situ thermal treatments. A combination of synchrotron small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy was used to determine the influence of macrodiol nature and crystallization conditions on the polymorphic behavior of PBA. Using a new synthesis scheme, a relatively high degree of crystallinity for urethane blocks was achieved, which depends on the diisocyanate type in the structure of the soft segment. The hard segment domains impose geometrical constraints on PBA, thereby altering its crystallization process compared to the neat oligomer. Thus, crystallization after annealing at a low temperature (80 °C) is fast, predominantly yielding a metastable β-phase. When heated to 180 °C, which is higher than the hard-segment melting temperature, a phase-separated structure is observed. Subsequent crystallization is slower, favoring the formation of the stable α-PBA modification. The phase separation can be observed even after the hard block melting. A notably slow crystallization from an isotropic melt was documented after the disruption of phase separation at 230 °C.

A hydrothermal technique with microwave heating (200 °C, 2 hours, 2 magnetrons, 2.45 GHz) was modified to obtain UV-C luminescent LaPO4: Pr3+ colloidal nanorods for the potential use in X-ray cancer theranostics. For further possible biofunctionalization, a compound of tartaric acid formed under basic conditions was used as a coating and stabilizing agent to provide colloidal properties to the surface of nanoparticles in basic to neutral aqueous media, which was confirmed by zeta potential measurements. In addition, the colloidal properties and clustering processes of synthesized LaPO4:Pr3+ nanorods in aqueous solutions with different pH values were studied in real time using a highly sensitive laser ultramicroscope operating according to the “light-sheet” scheme. A comparative analysis of the transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and high-energy spectroscopy showed the different effects of synthesis parameters on the morphological, crystalline and luminescent properties of the obtained nanorods. Through optimization of the synthesis parameters, stable aqueous solutions of m-LaPO4:Pr3+ nanorods with sizes less than 30 nm and an intensity of UV-C luminescence equal to 5-10% of the unmodified nanofibers were obtained.

Chest X-ray (CXR) is the first tool globally employed to detect cardiopulmonary pathologies. These acquisitions are highly affected by scattered photons due to the large field-of-view required. Scatter in CXRs introduces background in the images, which reduces their contrast. We developed three deep learning-based models to estimate and correct the scatter contribution to CXRs. We used a Monte Carlo (MC) ray-tracing model to simulate CXRs from human models obtained from CT scans using different configurations (depending on the availability of dual-energy acquisitions). The simulated CXRs contained the separated contribution of direct and scattered X-rays in the detector. These simulated datasets were then used as the reference for the supervised training of several NN. Three NN models (single and dual energy) were trained with the MultiResUNet architecture. The performance of the NN models was evaluated on CXRs obtained with the MC code from chest CTs of patients affected by COVID-19. The results showed that the NN models were able to estimate and correct the scatter contribution to CXRs with an error &lt;5%, being robust to variations in the simulation setup and improving the contrast in soft tissue. The single-energy model was tested with real CXRs, providing robust estimations of the scatter-corrected CXRs.

To evaluate the effect of middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) on chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). We enrolled consecutive patients with CSDH who underwent burr hole craniostomy (BHC) between January 2021 and February 2023. The primary outcome was recurrence rate, defined as an increase of hematoma width on imaging compared with the immediate postoperative imaging at a 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included the rate of complications and adverse prognosis. Cohorts were balanced using 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM). A total of 271 patients were eligible for this study and divided into the MMAE group (n=23) and the BHC group (n=205). Compared with the BHC group, there was more use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication (47.8% vs 22.4%, P=0.008), bilateral hematoma (19.5% vs 19.5%, P=0.043) and hematoma with septations (47.8% vs 21.5%, P=0.005) in the MMAE group. After PSM, 64 cases were finally successfully matched. The logistic analysis result showed that MMAE was associated with the decreased recurrence rate of CSDH in the cohort after PSM (OR 0.072, 95%CI 0.322~0.746, P=0.028) but not with the improved clinical prognosis (OR 0.065, 95%CI 0.533~4.786, P=0.562). MAAE has a positive therapeutic effect on reducing the recurrence rate of CSDHs as an adjunct postoperative treatment after burr hole surgery.

In this work we developed two new polyfunctional hybrid systems, in which the presence of Fc redox "antennas" on peptide scaffolds allows a modulation of their electronic properties. Specifically, we synthesized two helical hexapeptides containing four Aib (α-amionoisobutyric acid) and two L-Dap (2,3-diamino propionic acid) residues. L-Dap side chains were then functionalized with Fc moieties. The structures of the two 310 helical peptides, namely Z-Aib-L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-Aib- L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-NH-iPr and Z-Aib-L-Dap(Fc)-Aib- L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-Aib-NH-iPr, were investigated by X-ray diffraction, 2D-NMR, CD and IR spectroscopies. Due to the helical conformation, in Z-Aib-L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-Aib- L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-NH-iPr the Fc groups are located on the same face of the helix, in Z-Aib-L-Dap(Fc)-Aib- L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-Aib-NH-iPr on opposite faces. Surprisingly, two bands were found in DPV for Z-Aib- L-Dap(Fc)-Aib- L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-Aib-NH-iPr, indicating electrostatic interaction between the Fc groups despite their longer reciprocal distance with respect to that in Z-Aib- L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-Aib- L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-NH-iPr. CD experiments at different concentrations evidenced aggregation for Z-Aib- L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-L-Dap(Fc)-Aib-Aib-NH-iPr even at high dilution, thus suggesting that the Fc-Fc electrostatic interaction could be of intermolecular nature.

Vanadium(IV) chalcogenide materials are of increasing interest for use in catalysis and energy conversion-related applications. Since no ternary compounds are yet known in the V–Se–Te system, we studied ternary VwSeyTe2–y (w = 1.10, 1.13; y = 0.42, 0.72) phases crystallizing in space group P3m1 (no. 164). Two single-crystal specimens with differing compositions of a solid solution were obtained using the ceramic method. All products were characterized by either single-crystal or powder X-ray diffraction. The lattice parameters increase with rising tellurium content in accordance to the larger ionic radius of the tellurium anion compared to selenium. The chemical compositions were confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Further, magnetic measurements revealed mostly antiferromagnetic properties. Simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetric analyses in nitrogen atmosphere showed endothermic decomposition accompanied by the formation of VN. The results of this work can serve as a basis for the synthesis of new phases in the V–Se–Te and related vanadium chalcogenide systems.

Hubble diagrams are examined for SN1a supernovae in the redshift range z = 0.01–1.3 and for gamma ray bursts in the range z = 0.034–8.1. It is shown that in the low redshift range, the Hubble diagram shows an innate equivocality between the ΛCDM and the tired light model. This means that the strong agreement between the z/µ data, calculated with the parameters of the ΛCDM model, and the experimentally measured z/µ values cannot be considered as definite evidence for the expansion hypothesis. The exponential function , which is characteristic of the tired light redshift mechanism, fits the data with similarly high accuracy. Hence, on the premise of low redshift data, a decision for or against either model is completely arbitrary. The Hubble diagram for high redshift gamma ray bursts shows poor agreement with the ΛCDM model, but concurs with the exponential energy decay following from the tired light redshift hypothesis.

The radiation stability of polymer test objects fabricated by direct laser writing is studied. The two groups of 6 cubes (50×50×50 μm3) were printed on a common silicon substrate. 6 cubes were irradiated with X-rays in the synchrotron radiation beam (12 keV, 1010 photons/mm2/s), the other 6 kept non-irradiated for the reference. In each group, the fabrication parameters (laser power and slicing step) were uniformly varied from cube to cube. Each irradiated cube was exposed with the dose of 1013 X-ray photons. The calibration of this dose in the radiological units (Gy) was carried out using the tissue-equivalent thermoluminescent detectors (TLD-800). The corresponding exposition dose was estimated as 30 kGy for each cube. The radiation effects were evaluated by Raman spectroscopy and by morphological changes observed with the raster electron microscope. The primary radiation effect appears in the essential increase of the polymerization degree with consuming carbon-carbon double bonds in favor of the polymer cross-linking. Only one cube of 6 has changed the size and shape due to this effect, while the others retained the initial shape. Morphological changes are connected with the improper fabrication parameters (laser power and slicing step). Properly fabricated objects withstand the X-rays of the synchrotron radiation beam.

Background: Malnutrition was associated with worse survival outcomes, impaired quality of life, and deteriorated performance status across various cancer types. We aimed to identify risk factors for malnutrition in patients with epithelial ovarian(EOC) and impact on survival. Methods: In our prospective study, we included the patients with primary and recurrent EOC, tubal or peritoneal cancer conducted. We assessed serum laboratory parameters, body mass index, nutritional risk index, nutritional risk screening score(NRS-2002), and bio-electrical impedance analysis. Results: We recruited a total of 152. Patients >65 years-old, with ascites of >500 ml, or with platinum-resistant EOC showed statistically significant increased risk of malnutrition when evaluated by NRS-2002(p-values = 0.014, 0.001, and 0.007, respectively). An NRS-2002<3 was an independent predictive factor for complete tumor resectability (p=0.009). The patients with NRS-2002≥3 had a median overall survival(OS) of seven months (95% CI=0-24 months), as compared to the patients with NRS-2002<3 where median OS was 46 months(p=0,001). Phase angle(PhAα)≤ 4.5 was the strongest predictor of OS. Conclusion: Malnutrition is an independent predictor of incomplete cytoreduction in study population. It is an independent prognostic factor for poor OS. Preoperative nutritional assessment is an effective tool in identification of high-risk groups within EOC characterized by poor clinical outcome.

Textile and clothing is one of the most important industrial sectors, not only due to the significant number of jobs generated, but also because it addresses one of the people’s fundamental needs (clothing). It is, however, a sector with a huge environmental impact, all over the world, and also an important social impact, especially in developing countries. Sustainability in the Textile &amp; Clothing value chain is a known issue, concerning both environmental, and economical-social facets of sustainability. One way to improve sustainability in this sector is by measuring the environmental, economic and social impacts of value chain activities and, ultimately, computing an Environmental and Circular score for each batch of textile and clothing product, and an Economical and Social score for each involved firm, reflected in their products. The consumer will then have the opportunity and responsibility for selecting products with the least negative environmental, economical and social impact. This article presents the results of STVgoDigital project - PPS1, developed in Portugal with the aim of implementing the traceability of textile and clothing products, boosting sustainability in this sector, and preparing the ground for the implementation of the circular economy. More exactly, a blockchain-based textile and clothing value-chain traceability platform is presented, for tracing textile product lots and activities, along the value chain, classifying them with a score, which measures their environmental and social impact. The environmental, economic and social impact scores are based on a set of proposed indicators. The results are assessed through the presentation of a case study of a face towel (home textile) and a case study of a T-shirt (clothing).

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/ Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) polymer nanocomposite films have been prepared, and the relationship between their structural, thermal and nanoscale morphologi-cal properties, and their photoluminescent response, has been investigated. Although according to X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) the incorporation of GQDs does not significantly affect the percentage crystallinity of the PVA matrix, for a range of added GQD concentrations, Atomic Force Micros-copy (AFM) showed the formation of islands with apparent crystalline morphology on the surface of the PVA/GQD films, with GQD presumably acting as a nucleating agent for island growth. The incorporation of GQD also led to the formation of characteristic surface pores with increased stiffness and frictional contrast, according to Ultrasonic Force Microscopy (UFM) and Frictional Force Microscopy (FFM) data. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the films were found to de-pend both on the amount of GQD incorporated and on the film morphology. For GQD loads > 1,2wt%, a GQD-related band was observed at ~ 1650 cm-1 in FT-IR, along with an increase in the PL band at lower energy. For a load of ~2wt% GQD, the surface morphology was characterized by extended cluster aggregates with lower stiffness and friction than the surrounding matrix, and the PL signal decreased.

Reactions of picolinamides with 1,3-propanesultone in methanol followed by the treatment with ketones led to a series of previously unknown chemical transformations, yielding first pyridinium salts (2a-f) with a protonated endocyclic nitrogen atom and then heterocyclic salts (3a-j) containing a 4-imidazoline ring. The structures of intermediate and final products were determined by IR and 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray study. The effects of the ketone and alcohol structures on the product yield were studied by quantum-chemical calculations. The stability of salts 3a-j towards hydrolysis and alcoholysis makes them excellent candidates for the search of new types of biologically active compounds.

Published in July 2018, TAILORx aimed to establish non-inferiority of endocrine therapy (ET) compared to addition of chemotherapy (CHT-ET) in hormone receptor positive, human epidermal receptor 2 negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer (BC) patients with a 21-gene intermediate (11-25) recurrence score (RS). While this hypothesis proved correct, the study did show benefit of addition of chemotherapy (CHT) in a subgroup of women under 50 years of age, and particularly in the RS 16-25. The aim of this present study was to look at how TAILORx findings, including changes in RS categories, impacted CHT implementation at one oncologic center in Basel, Switzerland, and to identify main factors leading to these changes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on HR+/HER2-, BC patients who underwent 21-gene genomic testing between 2010-2021, at our center. Patients with metastatic disease were not included. We identified 326 eligible patients, of which 165 had a BC diagnosis before TAILORx (cohort A) and 161 after TAILORx publication (cohort B). Results: Demographic and tumor characteristics were similar in the two cohorts, although cohort B included significantly more women under the age of 50 when compared to A (34% vs. 24%, p<0.001). Median age and mean RS results were comparable 59 (IQR 16) in A and 58 (IQR 19) years in B and 17.72 (SD9.59) in A and 17.89 (SD9.53) in B, respectively. Patients in cohort A were slightly more overweight when compared to B (55% vs. 40% respectively, p<0.001). Most patients had stage II tumors of NST histologic type. Tumors in cohort B had higher Ki-67 than cohort A (39% vs. 32%, p=0.010). When compared based on manufacturer’s and based on TAILORx thresholds there were no significant differences in RS distribution. However, changes in score category led to shifts in patient population distribution, leading to a 40% drop in the low RS (from 60% to 20%), a doubling in the intermediate RS (from 30% to 60%) and an increase of 5% in the high RS (from 8-10% to 15%). Most patients had conservative surgery, adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and ET. Overall CHT recommendation and application did not differ significantly in B vs. A. There was a reduction of 1% in the intermediate RS (11-25) and an increase of 13% CHT-ET application in the high RS (>26) category. In cohort B we noticed an increase in CHT-ET application among women <50 years old (by 12.5%), in lobular carcinomas (by 10%), grade 3 tumors (by 2%), node positive BC (by 3%) and node negative (by 2%). Tumor board recommendation for CHT dropped by 1% in the post TAILORx era, with a notable reduction of 5% in the intermediate RS (11-25) category. However, overall CHT administration rate was 19% in cohort A and 22% in B (p=0.763). Tumor Board recommended CHT for 90% of the BC patients that would have otherwise been assigned to CHT according to new RS guidelines in A and for 85% in B, showing a trend for undertreatment. Logistic regression analysis showed significance of age in both cohort A (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.11, p=0.03) and cohort B (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.84-0.94), p<0.001), and of nodal status in both cohort A (=R 3.32 95% CI 1.09-10-06, p=0.034) and cohort B (OR 3.31, 95% CI 1.29-8.53, p=0.013), while intermediate and high RS seem to be more relevant in cohort A (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.03-0.43, p=0.01 and OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01-0.21, p<0.01). Overall logistic regression analysis showed relevance of age (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.08-0.97, p=0.001), pN (OR 4.77, 95% CI 2.03-11.22, p<0.001) and RS categories (RS 11-25: OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.01-0.07, p<0.001; RS>26: OR 617.93, 95% CI 57.97-6587.16, p<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings are similar to those reported across several studies: while tumor board recommendation for CHT decreases in the intermediate RS category, there is an increase being reported in the high RS category, leading to overall minor changes in CHT application. Administration of CHT-ET seems to be increasing among younger women, with unfavorable histo-pathological factors, such as lobular carcinoma and G3 histologic grade. Before TAILORx there is a tendency for undertreatment (-10%), especially among older BC patients, which seems to be maintained and even deepened (-15%) in the post TAILORx era, pointing to a personalized decision-making approach among Swiss oncologists.

The latest experimental measurements of cosmic rays (CRs) have discovered a series of anomalies, including the hardening of the nuclear spectra at R ∼200 GV followed by softening at R ∼10 TV and complicated energy dependence of anisotropy from GeV to PeV. Recent works have demonstrated nearby sources are crucial for these anomalies of spectra and anisotropy. In this work, we analyze the contributions of five nearby sources within 1 kpc around solar system to the spectra and anisotropy, finally find out which source is the best candidate source. In the calculation process, we also introduce the anisotropic diffusion of CRs induced by the local interstellar magnetic field (LIMF) nearby the solar system based on spatial-dependent propagation (SDP) model. As a result, we find Geminga SNR source can simultaneously account for CR spectra and anisotropy, whereas the other sources can not . Measurements of CR anisotropy and spectra by experiments such as LHAASO and HAWC are expected to test this scenario in the near future.

Data mining techniques have garnered significant attention within the realm of education. However, the procurement of ample student data poses a formidable challenge. In response to this challenge, we present a student dataset characterized by its size and distinctive attributes. This dataset encompasses various task-related topics interconnected through a learning pathway, thereby enabling researchers to delve into the data from novel perspectives. Moreover, it encompasses extensive longitudinal student behavioral data, a rarity that adds substantial value. Spanning the years from 2010 to 2021, our dataset comprises a cohort of 7,933 students, 64,344 test scores, and 183,390 behavior records, solidifying its status as a valuable resource for educational research. In our experiments, we achieved successful predictions of students' test outcomes based on behavioral learning data. The strengths of our dataset render it apt for analyzing the nexus between student conduct and academic performance, crafting personalized learning recommendations, and pursuing various other research pursuits.

(1) Background: Although multiple studies have reported on the therapeutic effects of Atezo+Bev for the treatment of NASH-related liver cancer, few studies have focused on its effect on liver reserve. Here, we aimed to compare the changes in hepatic reserve during the Atezo+Bev treatment of NAFLD/NASH-related HCC and of non-NAFLD/non-NASH-related HCC. (2) Methods: We retrospectively compared the changes in ALBI score in 109 patients with NAFLD/NASH or non-NAFLD/non-NASH during 12 weeks of treatment with Atezo+Bev for advanced HCC between September 2019 and January 2022. PSM was performed, and the OS, PFS, and PPS of the two groups were compared. (3)Results: The ALBI after 12 weeks of Atezo+Bev treatment was significantly worse in the NAFLD/NASH group than in the non-NAFLD/non-NASH group. Analysis of the 24 propensity score-matched pairs of cases with NAFLD/NASH or non-NAFLD non-NASH yielded similar results. The prognoses of the two groups were similar with respect to OS and PFS, but the NAFLD/NASH group had a significantly shorter PPS. The 24 matched pairs had similar OS and PFS, but the PPS of the NAFLD/NASH group was shorter. (4)Conclusion: Atezo+Bev treatment may worsen hepatic reserve, and there-fore life expectancy, in patients with NAFLD/NASH-related liver cancer.

Since the photocatalytic reaction is a surface reaction, enhancing the gas movement around photocatalyst would promote photocatalytic CO₂ reduction performance. A new approach to enhance the gas movement around the photocatalyst by the natural thermosiphon movement of gasses around photocatalyst using black body material was proposed and confirmed experimentally, but the heat transfer mechanism on the phenomena was not clarified yet. The purpose of this study is to clarify the heat transfer mechanism of it. This study calculated the temperature of mixed gases of CO₂ and NH₃ around P₄O₁₀/TiO₂ photocatalyst by the heat transfer formula. It is revealed that there was no difference between the increase temperature (T_g) from the temperature at the beginning of the CO₂ reduction experiment (T_ini) and the temperature of mixed gases of CO₂ and NH₃ measured by thermocouple in the experiment (T_e) under the illumination condition with a visible light (VIS) + an infrared light (IR) and IR only. The heat transfer model proposed by this study has predicted T_g well under the illumination condition with VIS + IR and IR only well. On the other hand, it is revealed that the difference between T_g and T_e was as large as 10 ℃ under the illumination condition with an ultra violet light (UV) + VIS + IR.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent disease and the leading cause of pain, disability, and quality of life deterioration. Our study sought to evaluate the image quality and dose of cone-beam com-puted tomography arthrography (CBCT-A) and compare them to digital radiography (DR) for OA diagnosis. Overall, 32 cases of CBCT-A and DR with OA met inclusion criteria and were prospectively analyzed. The Kellgren and Lawrence classification (KLC) stage, sclerosis, osteo-phytes, erosions, and mean joint width (MJW) were compared between CBCT-A and DR. Image quality was excellent in all CBCT-As, with excellent inter-observer agreement. OA un-der-classification was noticed with DR for MJW (p=0.02), osteophyte detection (<0.0001), and KLC (P<0.0001). The HU values obtained for the CBCT did not correspond to the values for MDCT, with a greater mean deviation obtained with the MDCT HU for MBIR1 than MBIR2. CBCT-A has been found to be more reliable for OA diagnosis than DR as revealed by our results using three-point rating scale for the qualitative image analysis, with higher quality and an ac-ceptable dose. Moreover, the use of this imaging technique permits the preoperative assessment of extremities in OA diagnosis, the upright position and bone microarchitecture analysis being two other advantages of CBCT-A.

The extent of micro-phase separation in polyurethanes (PUs) depended on the molecular weight, the chemical nature and the structure of the polyol/soft segments. Balanced properties in PUs were obtained by using blends of polyols during synthesis. No previous studies have been devoted to understand the interactions between the soft segments that affect the properties of the PUs. In this study, different blends of two polyols of different nature (polyester – PE - and polycarbonate diol - CD) and similar molecular weight were prepared and their structural, thermal, surface, viscoelastic and self-adhesion properties were assessed. PE showed larger number of structural repeating units and higher number of polar groups than CD, but the carbonate-carbonate interactions in CD were stronger than the ester-ester interactions in PE. The blending of CD and PE imparted synergic structural properties, particularly in the ones containing less than 50 % PE, they were associated to the disrupt of carbonate-carbonate interactions in CD and the formation of new ester-carbonate and hydroxyl-carbonate interactions. Therefore, higher glass transition temperatures, a new diffraction peak at 2θ = 24°, one additional thermal degradation at 426-436 °C, and less steeper decline of the storage moduli to lower temperature were found in CD+PE blends with less than 50 wt.% PE. Furthermore, the different interactions between the polyol chains in the blends were also evidenced on their surface properties, and all CD+PE blends showed self-adhesion property which seemed related to the existence of ester-carbonate and carbonate-carbonate interactions.

Background: Neonatal transportation of sick newborns is a major predictor of outcome. Prompt identification of the sickest newborns allows immediate corrective intervention and outcome optimization. Multiple severity scores were developed, however an optimal score has not yet been identified. Aim: To identify a rapid, accurate, and easy to perform score predictive for neonatal mortality in outborn neonates. Material and methods: All neonates, irrespective of gestational age, admitted by transfer in our level III regional neonatal unit between 01.01.2015 and 31.12.2021 were included. Infants with congenital critical abnormalities were excluded. Sick neonatal score (SNS) was calculated and compared between survivors and non-survivors. Gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), gender, Apgar score, place of birth, time between delivery and admission (AT), early onset sepsis were collected from medical records and compared between study groups. Subgroup analysis was performed based on gestational age (preterm versus term infants). A new score was elaborated, including GA, BW, and AT, namely MSNS-AT score, to further improve mortality prediction. The main outcomes were mortality prediction using SNS and MSNS-AT score. Univariable and multivariable analysis, including Cox regression, were performed using SPSS Statistic 22.0. P-value was considered statistically significant if <0.05, 95% confidence intervals, odds ratio and hazard ratios were calculated were appropriate. Results: A total of 418 outborn infants were admitted during study period; 15 infants were excluded due to critical congenital defects. Out of 403 outborn infants, 217 born prematurely (53.8%), 224 males (55.6%), 20 died (4.96%). Compared to the survivors, the non-survivor neonates had significantly lower GA, BW, and SNS score (p<0.05), although only SNS score remained significantly lower in all subgroups (preterm vs term infants). A SNS score ≤8 was associated with mortality both in the whole study group and in subgroups (p<0.001). Time to admission was significantly associated with increased mortality rate in the whole group (p<0.05) and in preterm infants but not in term ones (p>0.05). In univariable and multivariable Cox regression models, MSNS-AT score, with a cut-off optimal value of ≤10 was more precise in predicting mortality compared to SNS (AUC 0.735 vs. 0.775) when applied to the entire group, had a lower accuracy in the term infants (AUC 0.765 vs 0.809) and a better accuracy the preterm infants group (AUC 0.885 vs. 0.810). Conclusions: The MSNS-AT score – calculated by adding GA, BW, and AT to the SNS score - significantly improved mortality prediction at admission in the whole study group as compared to SNS score. The best accuracy prediction of MSNS-AT score was observed in preterm infants suggesting that, besides GA and BW, TA may be decisive for the outcome of outborn preterm infants. Further studies are necessary to confirm the predictive value of MSNS-AT score and to identify variables that can improve its value in term infants without affecting the simplicity, ease, and rapidity of the scoring system.

1. Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are India’s leading cause of mortality. This study aimed to recalibrate the original Framingham Risk Score (FRS) equations among adults in Kerala state. 2. Methods: Baseline survey data from the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program were analyzed: 921 males and 567 females for lipid-based FRS scores and 1042 males and 646 females for BMI-based FRS scores. Recalibration of the original FRS scores was performed using local data on CVD risk factors and CVD mortality. 3. Results: Among males, the median 10-year CVD risk with the recalibrated lipid-based FRS score was 7.34 (IQR 4.33-12.42), compared with the original score of 8.88 (5.23-14.87) (p<0.001). For BMI-based FRS scores, the median 10-year CVD risk was 7.40 (4.27-11.83) with the recalibrated score, compared to 9.32 (5.40-14.80) for the original score (p<0.001). In females, the median 10-year CVD risk was 4.83 (2.90-8.36) with the recalibrated score, compared to 2.85 (IQR 1.71-4.98) with the original score (p<0.001). Similarly, the median 10-year CVD risk was 4.66 (2.74-8.81) with the recalibrated BMI-based FRS score, compared to 2.95 (1.72-5.61) with the original score (p<0.001). 4. Conclusions: Recalibrated FRS scores estimated a significantly lower 10-year CVD risk in males and a higher risk in females than the original FRS scores.

Osteoporosis is a common problem in orthopedic medicine, and it has become an important medical issue in orthopedics as Taiwan is gradually becoming an aging society. In the diagnosis of osteoporosis, the bone mineral density (BMD) derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the main criterion for orthopedic diagnosis of osteoporosis, but due to the high cost of this equipment and the lower penetration rate of the equipment compared to the X-ray images, the problem of osteoporosis has not been effectively solved for many people who suffer from osteoporosis, however, at present, in clinical diagnosis, doctors are not yet able to accurately interpret X-ray images for osteoporosis manually, and must rely on the data obtained from DXA. In recent years, with the continuous development of artificial intelligence, especially in machine learning and deep learning, significant progress has been made in image recognition. Therefore, it is worthwhile to revisit whether it is possible to use a convolutional neural network model to read a hip X-ray image and then predict the patient's BMD. In this study, we proposed a hip X-ray image segmentation model and a hip X-ray image recognition classification model. First, we used the U-Net model as a framework to segment the femoral neck, greater trochanter, wards triangle, and the total hip in the hip X-ray images. We then performed image matting and data augmentation. Finally, we constructed a predictive model for osteoporosis using deep learning algorithms. In the segmentation experiments, we used intersection over union (IoU) as the evaluation metric for image segmentation, and both the U-Net and U-Net++ models achieved segmentation results greater than or equal to 0.5. In the classification experiments, using the T-score as the classification basis, the total hip using the DenseNet121 model has the highest accuracy of 74%.

This paper proposes a non-extensive entropy econometric technique to predict energy efficiency at province (NUT-2) level based on imperfect knowledge of the national overall efficiency in the sectors of industry, transport, households and services. The model is applied to the polish case. As acknowledged in recent literature, non-extensive entropy model should remain a valuable device for econometric modelling even in the case of low frequency series since outputs provided by the Gibbs-Shannon entropy approach correspond to the Tsallis entropy limiting case of the Gaussian law when the Tsallis q-parameter converges to unity. Therefore, we set up a q-Tsallis-Kullback-Leibler entropy criterion function with a priori consistency moment and model data constraints, including province energy intensity (known with uncertainty), regional climate differentiation and regular conditions. The model outputs continue to conform to empirical expectations. In spite of the close to unity q-Tsallis parameter, this Tsallis related approach reflects higher stability for parameter computation in comparison with the Shannon-Gibbs entropy econometrics technique. The proposed technique can be applied in different EU countries and elsewhere for example in the context of experimental official statistics.

In medico-administrative database, certain prognostic factors cannot be taken into account. The main objective was to estimate the performance of two models based on two databases: Epi-thor clinical and medico-administrative databases. For each of the two databases, we randomly sampled a development dataset with 70% of the data and a validation dataset with 30%. Performance of models was assessed by Brier score, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC ROC) curve and the calibration of the model. For Epithor and medico-administrative databases, the development dataset included 10,516 patients (with resp. 227 (2.16%) and 283(2.7%) deaths) and the validation dataset included 4,507 patients (with resp. 93 (2%) and 119 (2.64%) deaths). 15 predictors were selected in the models (including FEV, Body Mass Index, ASA score and TNM stage for Epithor). The Brier score values were similar in the models of the two databases. For validation data, the AUC ROC curve was 0.73 [0.68-0.78] for Epithor and 0.8 [0.76-0.84] for medico-administrative databases. The slope of the calibration plot was less than 1 for the two databases. This work shows the good performances of a model developed from a medico-administrative database, despite the absence of clinical variables used in practice by surgeons, such as FEV1, ASA score or TNM stage.

It is well known that X-ray crystallography is based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) by atoms and molecules. The diffraction pattern arises as a result of scattering of incident radiation, which makes it possible to determine the structure of the scattering substance. With the advent of ultrashort radiation sources, the theory and interpretation of X-ray diffraction analysis remained the same. This work shows that when an attosecond laser pulse is scattered on a DNA molecule, including during its nicking and bending, the pulse duration is an important characteristic of the scattering. In this case, the diffraction pattern changes significantly compared to the previously known scattering theory. The results obtained must be used in XRD theory to study DNA structures, their mutations and damage, since the previously known theory can produce large errors and, therefore, the DNA structure can be “deciphered” incorrectly.

DFT-D3 calculations based on structural X-ray diffraction data obtained for 3-oxo-camphorsulfonyl imine (1), camphorsulfonyl chloride (2) and seven camphor sulfonimines (O2SNC10H13NR, L1-L7) from which L2 (R=4-OHC6H4), L4 (R=4-ClC6H4) and L6 (R=3,5-(CH3)2C6H3) are new, provide information into the intra and inter molecular interactions with concomitant elucidation of the supramolecular arrangement of the compounds. The DFT D3 calculations performed in small clusters of 2 or 3 molecular units reproduce the interactions observed by X-ray analyses showing that as a general trend the structural arrangement of the molecules is driven by electronic rather than by packing parameters. In all compounds the self-assembly of 3D structures involves the sulfonyl imine group ( NSO2) either to establish hydrogen bonds, through the oxygen atoms or non-classic oxygen-aliphatic hydrogen or non-bonding interactions (NBI) which also involve the sulfonyl oxygens. Interestingly, the camphor sulfonimine compounds (L2, L3) having protic groups (R=C6H4X: X=OH, L2 or X=NH2, L3) at the aromatic imine substituents (=NR) present an extra π-π stacking which is absent in the other compounds aromatic derivatives. The X-ray analysis shows that all the reported camphor sulfonimine compounds display the E configuration with respect to the imine substituent (R). The study of the redox behavior of the compounds by cyclic voltammetry allows an insight into the solution properties of the compounds and the rationalization of the molecular interactions that stand in the solid and solution states. Camphor sulfonimine compounds (L) display appropriate binding atoms to coordinate transition metals. The herein results show that monodentate coordination through the nitrogen atom of the sulfonimine 5-membered ring to the {Ag(NO3)} metal center is favored. When this imine nitrogen atom is not itself involved in the Organic Framework DFT-D3 calculations shows that the complexation does not affect the non-covalent interactions that are reproduced in the MOF structure.

In recent years, semiconductor survey meters have been developed and are in increasing demand worldwide. This study aimed to investigate whether it is possible to calculate the time constant of the semiconductor survey meter using the X-ray equipment installed in each medical facility and whether it is possible to calibrate the semiconductor survey meter. Attach an additional filter to the medical X-ray system to satisfy the standards of N-60 to N-120, add more copper plates from there, and calculate the first and second half-value layers to compare with N-60 to N-120 values. Next, we will measure the leakage dose using a medical X-ray system and calculate the time constant of the survey meter. The survey meter is then calibrated and compared with the calibration factors in industrial X-ray system. Per experimental results, it is possible to reproduce the N-60 to N-120 radiation quality using a medical X-ray system and to calculate the time constant from the measured results assuming actual leakage dosimetry using that radiation quality. We also found that the calibration factor was equivalent to that of an industrial X-ray device. It was revealed that semiconductor survey meters can be calibrated using a medical X-ray system.

This study aims to investigate utilizing Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC), a by-product of sugar beet, as a soil stabilizer for addressing settlement issues beneath pavements. Various tests were conducted to assess the engineering properties of PCC-stabilized subgrades using PCC obtained from Amalgamated Sugar Cooperation in Twin Falls, Idaho. Local loess samples, like those found beneath pavements, were collected for testing purposes. Initial tests involved evaluating the unconfined compressive strength of compacted loess samples, followed by tests on samples mixed with different weight percentages of PCC. The results revealed a significant average increase of 10% to 28% in the strength of loess samples stabilized with 5% PCC compared to the strength of the native soil. The chemical composition and microstructure of PCC were further analyzed through X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDX), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Tests conducted at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). XRD analysis indicates the presence of calcium carbonate and silica. EDX analysis unveiled a carbon content of 9% by weight in PCC, which could contribute to the carbon footprint when it breaks down. Additionally, SEM images displayed an irregular microstructure and particle shape of PCC. Furthermore, the inclusion of PCC improved the resistance of loess to saturation collapse.

Halloysite and kaolinite are dioctahedral TO phyllosilicates that drive the interest of scientists for formulating environmental friendly materials, and consequently in the field of ceramics. The main scope of this study was the understanding of the texture evolution upon the dehydroxylation reaction and the influence of the presence of halloysite. In situ synchrotron (002) and (111) poles figures were recorded on the DiffAbs beamline at SOLEIL Synchrotron, from room temperature to 1000°C, on kaolinite and/or halloysite-rich samples shaped by tape casting. Commercial kaolins and halloysite provided by Imerys company were used. The samples were labeled KRG100, KCS100, H100, KRG50H50 and KRG59H50 in relation with the wt. % of kaolin (KRG, KCS) or halloysite (H) clays. In samples KCS100 and KRG100, a strong texture was observed until in situ annealing at 700°C, with respect to the c-axis of kaolinite. One the contrary, the texture with respect to the c-axis of halloysite for the sample H100 was weak whatever the temperature was. Moreover, this weak texture disappeared before the complete dehydroxylation of halloysite. This is due to the opening of some halloysite tubes. When considering the samples KRG50H50 and KCS50H50, a significant texture was observed with the c-axis preferentially oriented perpendicular to the sample surface . The presence of kaolinite platelets predominated onto the alignment of halloysites tubes. Furthermore, it was noted that the halloysite influenced the (002) diffracted intensity into the temperature range 20 °C and 400 °C. Above 400°C, the behavior obtained for the (002) reflection in samples KRG50H50 and KCS50H50 was similar to the behavior noticed for pure kaolins KRG100 and KCS100 respectively. The dehydroxylation temperature range appeared to be relevant with combined effect of kaolinite and halloysite transformations arising from KRG100 or KCS100 and H100 samples. Therefore, the onset point of dehydroxylation is 550 °C ± 25 °C for KRG100, KCS100 KRG50H50 and KCS50H50. For the pure halloysite H100 sample, the dehydroxylation starts at lower temperature 475°C. It was also noted that during the dehydroxylation of kaolinite, the characteristic portion of ring related to the diffracted intensity of the (111) reflection located at χ = 45 ° tended to disappear above 550 °C and led to the formation of a new transitory phase with a (111) reflection with perpendicular alignment to the c-axis. Indeed, an epitaxial relationship with the (111) kaolinite reflection could be assumed. Further X-ray scattering experiments allowed highlighting the effective offset temperature of the dehydroxylation, which was identified as close to 720 °C. The metakaolinite obtained undergone structural transformation to another transitory phase at 1000°C.

Based on survey data from 297 beef cattle farmers in five provinces, Hunan, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shandong and Gansu, the impact of the package of support policies on farmers' beef cattle production was assessed by means of propensity score matching (PSM). The results showed that the package of support policies, the education level of the household head, participation in beef cattle professional cooperatives and taking out loans for beef cattle farming had significant positive impacts on farmers’ inventories of beef cattle and breeding cows. The current package of beef cattle support policies implemented by the national and local governments has significantly promoted the production of beef cattle by farmers, and the effects of the policy implementation have been positive. The implementation of the relevant support policies led to increases in farmers’ inventories of approximately 17 head of beef cattle and approximately 9 head of breeding cows. The contribution rates of the policy implementation to the beef cattle and breeding cow inventories reached 52.96% and 67.30%, respectively.

The flux growth of InVO4 bulk single crystals has been explored for the first time. The reported eutectic composition at a ratio of V2O5:InVO4 = 1:1 could not be used as a self-flux, since no sign of melting was observed up to 1100 °C. Crystals of InVO4 of typical size 0.5×1×7 mm3 were obtained using copper pyrovanadate (Cu2V2O7) as a flux, using Pt crucibles. XRD confirmed the orthorhombic Cmcm structure. Rests of flux material were observed on the sample surface, with occasional traces of Pt indicating some level of reaction with the crucible. X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that oxidation states of indium and vanadium ions are +3 and +5, respectively. The size and high quality of the obtained InVO4 crystals makes them excellent candidates for the further study of their physical properties.

The results of muonographic study of two objects in the cave complex of the unique historical and archaeological memorial, the Holy Dormition Pskovo-Pechersky Monastery, are presented. The experimental technology is based on the use of nuclear emulsion detectors.

In this paper, we present demographic, clinical, anamnestic, cognitive, and functional data, as well as haematological, haematochemical, immunological and genetic parameters of an exceptional individual: Antonino Turturici, a semi-supercentenarian who held the title of the oldest living Italian centenarian from December 28, 2020, to September 23, 2021. The purpose of this study is to offer fresh insights into extreme phenotypes, with a particular focus on immune-inflammatory parameters. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first phenotypic investigation of a semi-supercentenarian, illustrating both indicators of age-related immune phenotype (ARIP) recognized as significant gauges of biological ageing and INFLA-score, a metric designed to assess the cumulative impact of inflammatory markers. The aim of this study was, indeed, to advance our understanding of the role of immune-inflammatory responses in achieving extreme longevity. The results bolster the idea that the immune system can play a role in promoting extreme longevity. However, this does not exclude the involvement of other body systems or organs in achieving extreme longevity.