Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Hubble Diagram Test of SN1a Supernovae and High Redshift Gamma Ray Bursts: Data Analysis of the Log(z)/µ, ln(z+1)/T(d) and Linear Photon Flight Time T/(z+1) Scales. – Comparison of Observational Data with Model Calculations.

Version 1 : Received: 10 November 2023 / Approved: 13 November 2023 / Online: 13 November 2023 (12:18:40 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 10 May 2024 / Approved: 10 May 2024 / Online: 13 May 2024 (09:09:04 CEST)

How to cite: Marosi, L. Hubble Diagram Test of SN1a Supernovae and High Redshift Gamma Ray Bursts: Data Analysis of the Log(z)/µ, ln(z+1)/T(d) and Linear Photon Flight Time T/(z+1) Scales. – Comparison of Observational Data with Model Calculations.. Preprints 2023, 2023110823. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.0823.v1 Marosi, L. Hubble Diagram Test of SN1a Supernovae and High Redshift Gamma Ray Bursts: Data Analysis of the Log(z)/µ, ln(z+1)/T(d) and Linear Photon Flight Time T/(z+1) Scales. – Comparison of Observational Data with Model Calculations.. Preprints 2023, 2023110823. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.0823.v1

Abstract

Hubble diagrams are examined for SN1a supernovae in the redshift range z = 0.01–1.3 and for gamma ray bursts in the range z = 0.034–8.1. It is shown that in the low redshift range, the Hubble diagram shows an innate equivocality between the ΛCDM and the tired light model. This means that the strong agreement between the z/µ data, calculated with the parameters of the ΛCDM model, and the experimentally measured z/µ values cannot be considered as definite evidence for the expansion hypothesis. The exponential function , which is characteristic of the tired light redshift mechanism, fits the data with similarly high accuracy. Hence, on the premise of low redshift data, a decision for or against either model is completely arbitrary. The Hubble diagram for high redshift gamma ray bursts shows poor agreement with the ΛCDM model, but concurs with the exponential energy decay following from the tired light redshift hypothesis.

Keywords

galaxies; distances and redshifts - galaxies; high-redshift - stars; gamma ray burst; general - cosmology; cosmological parameters

Subject

Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics

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