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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.2173.v1

Creating a Mentoring Culture: Cultivating Leadership Potential in Faculty and Staff

Wafa Hozien

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: Mentorship; mentoring culture; minority higher education leadership; leadership; higher education; minority faculty; diversity; inclusivity

Online: 31 August 2023 (12:11:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.2064.v1

Fusarium and Sarocladium Species Associated with Rice Sheath Rot Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa

Oluwatoyin Oluwakemi Afolabi, Vincent de Paul Bigirimana, Gia Khuong Hoang Hua, Feyisara Eyiwumi Oni, Lien Bertier, John Tochukwu Onwughalu, Olumoye Ezekiel Oyetunji, Ayoni Ogunbayo, Mario Van De Velde, Obedi Nyamangyoku, Sarah De Saeger, Monica Höfte

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Fusarium species; Sarocladium species; rice; pathogenic variability; genetic diversity; mycotoxins; sub-Saharan Africa

Online: 31 August 2023 (03:52:29 CEST)

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Sarocladium and Fusarium species are commonly identified as causal agents of rice sheath rot disease worldwide. However, limited knowledge exists about their genetic, pathogenic, and toxigenic diversity in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, where an increasing incidence of this disease has been observed. This study aimed at identifying, characterizing, as well as assessing the genetic, pathogenic, and toxigenic diversity of the pathogens associated with rice sheath rot disease in Mali, Nigeria, and Rwanda. In this study seventy fungal isolates were obtained from rice plants displaying disease symptoms on research and farmer’s fields in Mali, Nigeria, and Rwanda. Thus, an extensive comparative analysis was conducted to assess their genetic, pathogenic, and toxigenic diversity. The Fusarium spp. were characterized using the translation elongation factor (EF-1α) region, while a concatenation of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and Actin-encoding regions were used to resolve Sarocladium species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four Fusarium species complexes. The dominant complex in Nigeria was the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC), comprising F. hainanense, F. sulawesiense, F. pernambucatum, and F. tanahbumbuense, while F. incarnatum was found in Rwanda. The Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) was predominant in Rwanda and Mali, with species such as F. andiyazi, F. madaense, and F. casha in Rwanda, and F. annulatum and F. nygamai in Mali. F. marum was found in Nigeria. Furthermore, Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) members, F. callistephi and F. triseptatum, were found in Rwanda and Mali, respectively. Two isolates of F. acasiae-mearnsii, belonging to the Fusarium sambucinum species complex (FSAMSC) were obtained in Rwanda. Isolates of Sarocladium which were previously classified in three phylogenetic groups were resolved into three species which are: attenuatum, oryzae and sparsum. S. attenuatum was dominant in Rwanda, while S. oryzae and S. sparsum were found in Nigeria. Also, the susceptibility of FARO44, a rice cultivar released by Africa Rice Centre (AfricaRice) was tested against isolates from the four Fusarium species complexes and the three Sarocladium species. All isolates evaluated could induce typical sheath rot symptoms albeit with varying disease development levels. In addition, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine variation in the in vitro mycotoxins of the Fusarium species. Regional differences were observed in the in vitro mycotoxins profiling. Out of the forty-six isolates tested, nineteen were able to produce one to four mycotoxins. Notably, very high zearalenone (ZEN) production was specific to the two F. hainanense isolates from Ibadan-Nigeria, while Fusarium nygamai isolates from Mali produced high amounts of fumonisins. To the best of our knowledge, it seems this study is the first to elucidate genetic, pathogenic, and toxigenic diversity of Fusarium species associated with the rice sheath rot disease complex in selected countries in SSA.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1722.v1

Evaluation of the Viral Diversity of Artemia Cysts from Saline Lakes of Kazakhstan through Viral Metagenomics Analysis

Marat Kumar, Kobey Karamendin, Zhanara Mazhibaeva, Yermukhammet Kassymbekov, Temirlan Sabyrzhan, Kuanysh Isbekov, Saule Assylbekova, Aidyn Kydyrmanov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Artemia (brine shrimp); artemia cysts; metagenomics analysis; viral diversity; saline lakes

Online: 24 August 2023 (07:18:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1601.v1

Vegetation Community and Soil Characteristics of Grassland Regulates Space-Scale Dependence of Species Diversity under Different Grazing Management in the Qilian Mountains of China

Liu Lixiang, Han Yongwei, Liu Weiwei, Liu Yuemin

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Ecology Keywords: Grazing exclusion; rest grazing; vegetation community; scale effect; species diversity; soil characteristics

Online: 23 August 2023 (09:21:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0925.v1

Nutritional and Antinutritional Potentials of Sorghum: A Comparative Study among Different Sorghum Landraces of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Tesfakiros Semere Gebrelibanos, Yemane Tsehaye Bayratsiyon, Lijalem Tareke Weldeabezgi, Ola Tveitereid Tveitereid Westengen, Siri Fjellheim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: sorghum landraces; diversity; nutrition; minerals; phenolic compounds; antioxidants

Online: 11 August 2023 (09:56:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0857.v1

Comparison of the Gut Microbial Communities of Domestic and Wild Mallards (Anas Platyrhynchos) Based on High-Throughput Sequencing Technology

Yaoyin He, Minghui Zhang, Chuanyin Dai, Lijiang Yu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: mallard (Anas platyrhynchos); gut microbiome; composition and diversity; 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing; potential pathogens

Online: 10 August 2023 (15:02:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0844.v1

Comparison of the Gut Microbial Communities of Domestic and Wild Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) Based on High-Throughput Sequencing Technology

Yaoyin He, Minghui Zhang, Chuanyin Dai, Lijiang Yu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: mallard (Anas platyrhynchos); gut microbiome; composition and diversity; 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing; potential pathogens

Online: 10 August 2023 (10:33:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0658.v1

Validation and cross-species transferability of SSR markers developed from whole genome sequence (WGS) of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) and their application of population genetics in Vigna species

Pawan Saini, Tejinderjit Singh Bains, Asmita Sirari, Inderjit Singh Yadav, Kamalpreet Singh Mandahal, Sayeed Abdul Hamid Patel, Javed Akhatar, Navkiran Ludhar, Pooja Saini, Sharon Nagpal, Aditya Pratap

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Mungbean, Vigna, Whole genome sequence, SSR markers, Principal co-ordinate analysis, Genetic diversity

Online: 8 August 2023 (11:23:00 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0476.v1

Exploring the Genotype-Dependent Toolbox of Wheat under Drought Stress

Valya Vassileva, Mariyana Georgieva, Grigor Zehirov, Anna Dimitrova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: drought stress; wheat genotypes; drought-resistant cultivars; genotype-dependent responses; wheat diversity

Online: 7 August 2023 (07:33:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0254.v1

Compact vs. Linear: Effects of Forest Structure, Patch Shape and Landscape Configuration on Black Alder Macromoth Communities

Sara La Cava, Margherita Lombardo, Vincenzo Bernardini, Federica Fumo, Giuseppe Rijllo, Rosario Turco, Laura Bevacqua, Giada Zucco, Stefano Scalercio

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Lepidoptera; landscape ecology; riparian forest; Alnus glutinosa; natural park; beta-diversity; South Italy

Online: 3 August 2023 (08:35:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0183.v1

The Diversity of Gut Microbiota at Weaning Is Altered in Prolactin Receptor Null Mice

Ivan Luzardo-Ocampo, Ana Luisa Ocampo-Ruiz, José L. Dena-Beltrán, Gonzalo Martínez de la Escalera, Carmen Clapp, Yazmin Macotela

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: bacterial diversity; gut microbiota; prolactin receptor; lactation; weaning

Online: 2 August 2023 (08:46:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0138.v1

What about Current Diversity of Mycolactone-Producing Mycobacteria: Implication for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Buruli Ulcer

Marine Combe, Emira Cherif, Romain Blaizot, Damien Breugnot, Rodolphe Elie Gozlan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: buruli ulcer; Mycobacterium ulcerans; DNA; cryptic biodiversity; genetic diversity; antibiotherapy; diagnosis

Online: 2 August 2023 (04:27:14 CEST)

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The identification of an emerging pathogen in humans can remain difficult by conventional methods such as enrichment culture assays that remain highly selective, require appropriate medium and cannot avoid misidentifications, or serological tests that use surrogate antigens and are often hampered by the level of detectable antibodies. Although not originally designed for this purpose, the implementation of polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) has resulted in an increasing number of diagnostic tests for many diseases. However, the design of specific molecular assays relies on the availability and reliability of published genetic sequences for the target pathogen as well as enough knowledge on the genetic diversity of species and/or variants giving rise to the same disease symptoms. Usually designed for clinical isolates, molecular tests are often not suitable for environmental samples in which the target DNA is mixed with a mixture of environmental DNA. A key challenge of such molecular assays is thus to ensure high specificity of the target genetic markers when focusing on clinical and environmental samples in order to follow the dynamics of disease transmission and emergence in humans. Here we focus on Buruli ulcer (BU), a human necrotizing skin disease mainly affecting tropical and subtropical areas, commonly admitted to be caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans worldwide although other mycolactone-producing mycobacteria and even mycobacterium species were found associated with BU or BU-like cases. By revisiting the literature, we show that many studies have used non-specific molecular markers (IS2404, IS2606, KR) to identify M. ulcerans from clinical and environmental samples and propose that all mycolactone-producing mycobacteria should be definitively considered as variants from the same group rather than different species. Importantly, we provide evidence that the diversity of mycolactone-producing mycobacteria variants as well as mycobacterium species potentially involved in BU or BU-like skin ulcerations might have been underestimated. We also suggest that the specific variants/species involved in each BU or BU-like case should be carefully identified during the diagnosis phase, either via the key of genetic identification proposed here or by broader metabarcoding approaches, in order to guide the medical community in the choice for the most appropriate antibiotic therapy.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0101.v1

Navigating the Path to Success: Insights for Aspiring Female Leaders in Academia

Wafa Hozien

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: female; women; academia; higher education; leadership; gender equality; diversity

Online: 2 August 2023 (02:26:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0049.v1

Carnivorous Waterbirds Community Composition and Diversity in Freshwater Tributaries of Zambezi River, Namibia

Lucas Pius Rutina, Evans Simasiku, Joseph Musonda Kabanze

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Waterbirds; Zambezi River; Sikunga channel; Fish protected areas; functional Diversity

Online: 1 August 2023 (08:30:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2138.v1

Scrub Typhus: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentations, and Diagnostic Approaches

Ramendra Pati Pandey, M Beyau Konyak, Monika Soni, Shyamalima Saikia, Tochi Chang, Indrani Gogoi, Ibakmensi Khongstid, Mohan Sharma

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Northeast India; scrub typhus; Orientia tsutsugamushi; clinical presentations; co-infections; diagnosis; genetic diversity; entomology

Online: 31 July 2023 (15:59:53 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1324.v2

Kimura’s Theory of Non-adaptive Radiation and Peto’s Paradox: A Missing Link?

John Herrick

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: karyotype diversity; genome stability; species richness; species eveneness; non-adaptive radiation

Online: 31 July 2023 (10:51:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1745.v1

Dense Cover, but Not Allelopathic Potential, of Naturalised Alien Cenchrus echinatus L. Threatens the Native Species in the Urban Vegetation

Mahmoud O. Hassan, Howida Y. Mohamed, Mohammad K. Okla, Bushra Hafeez Kiani, Ahmed A. Amro

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: naturalised alien species; allelopathy; Cenchrus echinatus; weeds; floristic diversity; urban ecology

Online: 26 July 2023 (09:19:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1579.v1

Woody Species Composition, Tree diversity and Regeneration Status of Londiani Forest, Kenya

Evalyne Kosgey Chepkoech, Humphrey Agevi Agevi, Henry Lungayia Lung’ayia, Mugatsia Tsingalia

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Ecology Keywords: species composition; tree diversity; regeneration; forest management

Online: 25 July 2023 (05:37:03 CEST)

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Tropical forests provide habitats for diverse flora and fauna. In addition, they are essential in regulating the climate while at the same time millions of people depend on them for their livelihoods. As seen by rising political commitment and worldwide promises to reduce rates of deforestation and boost restoration of degraded forest ecosystems, forests are becoming more widely acknowledged for their role as a nature-based solution to many sustainable development concerns. Understanding tropical forest dynamics and their conservation have so become more important. This study analyzed, the forest stand structure, tree species composition, abundance and diversity and the regeneration status of Londiani Forest. Londiani Forest is divided into three blocks, namely Kedowa, Chebewor and Londiani and from each of these blocks belt transects 25 m wide and 1 km long were established 100 m from the edge of the forest to reduce edge effects. At every 200 m along the transect, 25 m × 25 m quadrats were set up in which, an inventory of all tree species was done. For tree species that could not be identified in the field, the local name was provided by para-taxonomists who participated in the data collection and the species name was later identified with the help of a taxonomist or a manual of woody tree species of Londiani Forest. The diameter at breast height (DBH) was measured at 1.3 m from the ground using a diameter tape. Tree height was measured using a Suunto angular clinometer. A nested quadrat 5 m x 5 m quadrat within the 25 m x 25 m quadrat was used to sample saplings while a 1 m x 1 m quadrat was used for sampling seedlings. Regeneration status was assessed using the number of seedlings and saplings. Stumps of trees cut were counted including identifying tree species from which the tree stump was derived. Data from the quadrats were entered into Microsoft Excel. Total stem density, species density, basal area, species basal area, relative density and species diversity were determined. A total of 1,308 individual trees belonging to 34 different species from 24 families were recorded. Kedowa had the highest (27) species richness followed by Chebewor (19) then Londiani (14). There was a statistically significant difference in species richness among the three forest blocks (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the mean DBH (F=0.560; p=0.729) and height class distribution (F= 0.821, p=.558) among the three forest blocks. There was a statistically significant difference in stem density (F=12.22; p=0.005) and woody species diversity (F=0.32; p=0.001) within the three forests blocks. There was no statistically significant difference in the basal area distribution within the three forest blocks p>0.005. The similarity index ranged from 0.34 to 0.47. In all the forest blocks, there was evidence of seedlings and saplings indicating that there was regeneration. Results clearly show that while the Londiani Forest shows variation in characteristics, there is clear evidence that it is regenerating.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1471.v1

Diversity and Evolution of the MHC Class II DRB Gene in an Alpine Ungulate, the Siberian Ibex (Capra sibirica), Experienced a Demographic Fluctuation in China

Pei-Pei Dong, Rui-Rui Wang, Shamshidin Abduriyim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Mountain ungulate; MHC DRB gene; genetic diversity; population fluctuation

Online: 21 July 2023 (09:13:12 CEST)

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The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are the most polymorphic genes in vertebrates, and their proteins play a critical role in adaptive immunity for defense against a variety of pathogens. MHC diversity was lost in many species after experiencing a decline in size. To understand the variation and evolution of MHC genes in the Siberian ibex, Capra sibirica, which has undergone a population decline, we analyzed the variation of the second exon of MHC class II DRB genes in samples collected from five geographic localities in Xinjiang, China, that belong to three diverged mitochondrial clades. Consequently, we identified a total of 26 putative functional alleles (PFAs) with 260 bp in length from 43 individuals, and found one (for 27 individuals) to three (for 5 individuals) PFAs per individual, indicating the presence of one or two DRB loci per haploid genome. The Casi-DRB1*16 was the most frequently occurring PFA, Casi-DRB1*22 came after found in only seven individuals, 14 PFAs occurred once (7 PFAs twice), implying high frequency of rare PFAs. Interestingly, more than half of the (15) PFAs were specific to clade I, only one and three PFAs were specific to clades II and III, respectively. So, we assume that the polygamy and sextual segregation nature of this species likely contributed to the allelic diversity of DRB genes. Genetic diversity indices showed that PFAs of clade II were lower in nucleotide, amino acid, and supertype diversity compared to those of the other two clades. The way of allele sharing and FST values between three clades were to some extent in agreement with pattern observed in mitochondrial DNA divergence. In addition, recombination analyses revealed no evidence for significant signatures of recombination events. Alleles shared by clades III and the other two clades diverged 6 million years ago, and systematic neighbor grids showed cross-species polymorphisms. Together with the PAML and MEME analyses, the results indicated that the DRB gene in C. sibirica evolved under balancing and positive selection. However, by comparison, it can be clearly seen that different populations were under different selective pressures. Our results are valuable in understanding the diversity and evolution of the DRB gene in a mountain living C. sibirica and in making decisions on future long-term protection strategies.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1302.v1

Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Caused by Orthohantaviruses in Xiangyun County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China

Hao Huang, Meng Fu, Peiyu Han, Hongmin Yin, Zi Yang, Yichen Kong, Bo Wang, Xing-Lou Yang, Tilian Ren, Yunzhi Zhang

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: renal syndrome hemorrhagic fever; clinical features; orthohantavirus; genotyping; genetic diversity; zoonotic transmission

Online: 19 July 2023 (12:50:27 CEST)

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Orthohantaviruses can cause two types of human infections: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). HFRS is a zoonotic disease transmitted by multiple rodent species. Yunnan Province in southwest China is the natural foci of HFRS, and Dali Prefecture in Yunnan Province has the highest incidence of HFRS; however, the precise status of orthohantavirus infection in Dali Prefecture remains unknown. To this end, we obtained clinical data of HFRS patients from the medical records of the People's Hospital of Xiangyun County in Dali Prefecture from July 2019 to August 2021. We collected epidemiological data of HFRS patients through interviews and investigated host animals using the night clip or night cage method. We systematically performed epidemiological analyses of patients and host animals. The differences in the presence of rodent activity at home (2=8.75, P=0.031<0.05), of rodent-proof equipment in the food (2=9.19, P=0.025<0.05), and of rodents or rodent excrement in the workplace (2=10.35, P=0.014<0.05) were statistically different in the four clinical types, including mild, medium, severe, and critical HFRS-associated diseases. Furthermore, we conducted molecular detection of orthohantavirus in host animals. The total orthohantavirus infection rate of rodents was 2.7% (9/331); the specific infection rate of specific animal species was 6.1% (5/82) for the Apodemus chevrieri, 100% (1/1) for the Rattus nitidus, 3.8% (2/53) for the Rattus norvegicus, and 12.5% (1/8) for the Crocidura dracula. In this study, a total of 21 strains of orthohantavirus were detected in patients and rodents. The 12 orthohantavirus strains from patients showed a closer relationship with Seoul orthohantavirus (SEOOV) L0199, DLR2, and GZRn60 strains; the six orthohantavirus strains from Rattus norvegicus and Apodemus chevrieri were closely related to SEOOV GZRn60 strain; One strains (XYRn163) from Rattus norvegicus and one strain (XYR.nitidus97) from Rattus nitidus were closely related to SEOOV DLR2 strain; the orthohantavirus strain from Crocidura dracula was closely related to the Luxi orthohantavirus (LUXV) LX309 strain. In conclusion, patients with HFRS in Xuangyun County of Dali Prefecture are predominantly affected by SEOOV, with multiple genotypes of orthohantavirus in host animals, and most importantly, these orthohantavirus strains constantly demonstrated zoonotic risk in humans.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1119.v1

Language and Literature Education in the Era of Global Connectivity: Navigating Multilingualism, Cultural Diversity, and Technological Advancements

Edgar R. Eslit

Subject: Social Sciences, Language And Linguistics Keywords: cultural diversity; era of global connectivity; language and literature education; Multilingualism; technological advancements

Online: 18 July 2023 (03:12:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0712.v1

A Preliminary Survey of the Avifaunal Diversity in Pampaimadu Premise of the University of Vavuniya, Vavuniya, Sri Lanka

Keerthanaram Thanabalasingam, Wijerathna Poornima, Sanjeewani Nimalka

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: avifauna; checklist; habitat variation; species diversity; Vavuniya

Online: 13 July 2023 (07:11:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0692.v1

Functional and Species Diversity across Disturbance Levels and Environmental Variables in Yayu Coffee Forest Biosphere Reserve, Southwest Ethiopia

Ferede Abuye Jeldu, Motuma Tolera Feyisa, Teshale Woldeamanuel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: biosphere reserve; disturbance; functional diversity; zonation

Online: 11 July 2023 (10:55:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0644.v1

Study on the Genetic Diversity of Germplasm Resources of Characteristic Medicinal Orchid Plant Habenaria dentata

Yi shan Yang, Jian min Tang, Rong Zou, Yajin Luo, Zhenhai Deng, Dongxin Li, Shengfeng Chai, Xiao Wei

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Habenaria dentata; medicinal orchid plant; genetic diversity; ISSR; cluster analysis

Online: 11 July 2023 (03:11:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0207.v1

Incidence of Photosensitization in Husbandry Animals: A Meta Study on the Effects of Feed Diversity and Feed Choice

Sabine Aboling, Rieke Moritz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: photosensitization; feed diversity; feed selection; biodiversity; phototoxic; feed quality; livestock

Online: 4 July 2023 (11:16:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.2064.v1

Trends and Diversity of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Mortality and Risk Factors in Five Asian Countries

Wen-Yu Lin, Ping-Yi Lin, Wen-Miin Liang, Hsien-Wen Kuo

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: Trends; diversity; cardiovascular disease (CVD); mortality; risk factors; Asian countries

Online: 29 June 2023 (05:17:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1956.v1

Building a Teleost Fish Traceability Program Based on Genetic Data from Pacific Panama Fish Markets

Edgardo Enrique Díaz-Ferguson, Magaly Sánchez De Chial, Maribel Arlene González Torres, Edgardo A. Muñoz T., Magister Olga Chen, Ovidio Durán, Angel Javier Vega, Carlos Ramos Delgado

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: COI; teleostei; nucleotide diversity; haplotypic diversity; qPCR; demographic history; environmental DNA

Online: 28 June 2023 (07:37:41 CEST)

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Fish tissue samples from 203 adult individuals were collected in the main ports and markets of the Pacific coast of Panama. Molecular identification based on cytochrome oxidase I gene segment of all species was verified GENBANK reference sequences. 34 species from 14 families (Ariidae, Lutjanidae, Caranjidae, Scianidae, Centropomidae, Serranidae, Scombridae, Sphyraenidae, Haemulidae, Gerreidae, Stromotidae, Lobotidae, Malacanthidae, Mugilidae) were identified at species molecular level from 164 sequences. Also, three Caribbean species were molecularly identified among the analyzed samples (Mycteroperca xenarcha, Paralonchurus brasilensis and Lobotes surinamensis). Species diversity was slightly higher in the Gulf of Panama than in the Gulf of Chiriquí. For species with 5 or more individual sequences, genetic diversity and genetic connectivity parameters such as: total number of haplotypes (H), haplotype diversity (Hd), and nucleotide diversity (π) were calculated. Overall, pelagic-migratory species showed higher values of genetic diversity than coastal and estuarine species with some exceptions. Connectivity between Gulf areas was compared using values of genetic distances and genetic differentiation (Fst). High level of connectivity observed between Gulf of Chiriqui and Gulf of Montijo indicates the existence of a single stock in that area for the following species: Scomberomorus sierra, Caranx caninus and Lutjanus guttatus. Demographic history of the most common species was examined using Tajima’s D values suggesting population expansion for two snapper species, L. peru and L. argentiventris, having significant and higher values. Another important contribution from this research was the production of primers and dual labeled probes for environmental DNA detection using qPCR for the five most abundant species (spotted rose snapper, yellow snapper, green jack, Pacific crevalle jack and the Pacific sierra fish). These markers represent a new set of tools for environmental DNA (eDNA) detection and molecular traceability of three commercially important fish species along the supply chain including landing sites and markets of the main fishery areas.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1628.v1

Spatio-Temporal Patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in Germany

Hans H. Diebner

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Epidemic Spatial Heterogeneity; Diversity; Spatio-Temporal Patterns; Cluster Analysis

Online: 22 June 2023 (12:45:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1606.v1

Trees Diversity and Species with High Ecological Importance for Resilient Urban Area: Evidence from Cotonou City in West Africa

Jonas Assouhan ATCHADE, Madjouma Kanda, Fousseni Folega, Hounnankpon YÉDOMONHAN, Marra Dourma, Wala Kperkouma, AKPAGANA Koffi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Ecology Keywords: Urban trees diversity; ecosystem services; ecological importance; species abundance; urban ecological planning; climate adaptation; Conservation planning; Cotonou

Online: 22 June 2023 (11:35:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0613.v2

Forest Clearing Dynamics and Its Relation to Remotely-Sensed Carbon Density and Plant Species Diversity in the Puuc Biocul-Tural State Reserve, Mexico

Carlos Portillo-Quintero, J. Luis Hernández-Stefanoni, Juan Manuel Dupuy

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Ecology Keywords: Yucatan; Puuc; Landsat; Carbon; Species Diversity; ALOS-2 PALSAR-2; tropical dry forests

Online: 21 June 2023 (12:56:03 CEST)

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The Puuc Biocultural State Reserve (PBSR is an unique model for tropical dry forest conservation in Mexico. Preserving forest biodiversity and carbon within the PBSR depends on the mainte-nance of low impact productive activities coordinated by multiple communal and private land-owners. In this study, we used state-of-the-art remote sensing data to investigate past spatial patterns in forest clearing dynamics and its relation to forest carbon density and forest plant species richness and diversity in the context of the forest conservation goals of the PBSR. We used a Landsat-based continuous change detection product for the 2000-2021 period and compared it to carbon density and tree species richness models generated from ALOS-2 PALSAR 2 imagery and national scale forest inventory data. The estimated error-adjusted area of detected annual forest clearings from the year 2000 until the year 2021 was 230,511 ha in total (+19,979 ha). The analysis of annual forest clearing frequency and area suggests that although forest clearing was significantly more intensive outside of the PBSR than within the PBSR during the entire 2000-2021 period, there is no evidence suggesting that the frequency and magnitude of forest clearing has changed over the years after the creation of the PBSR in 2011. An emergent hotspot analysis shows, however, that high spatiotemporal clustering of forest clearing events (hotspots) during the 2012-2021 pe-riod was less common than prior to 2011 and these more recent hotspots have been confined to areas outside the PBSR. After comparing forest clearing events to carbon density and tree species richness models, results show that land owners outside the PBSR often clear forests with lower carbon density and species diversity than land owners inside the PBSR. This suggests that, compared to land owners outside the PBSR, land owners within the PBSR might be practicing longer fallow periods allowing forests to attain higher carbon density and tree species richness and hence better soil nutrient recovery after land abandonment. In conclusion, our results show that the PBSR effectively acted as a stabilizing forest management scheme during the 2012-2021 period minimizing the impact of productive activities by lowering the frequency of forest clearing events and preserving late secondary forests within the PBSR. We recommend the continuation of efforts for providing alternative optimal field data collection strategies and modeling techniques to spatially predict key tropical forest attributes. The combination of these models with contin-uous change detection datasets will allow to reveal underlying ecological processes and generate information better adapted to forest governance scales.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1528.v1

A Systematic Assessment of Leishmania donovani Infection in Domestic and Wild Animal Reservoir Hosts of Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis

Gajala Deethamvali Ghouse Peer, Anjali Priyadarshini, Archana Gupta, Arpana Vibhuti, Elcio Leal, Antonio Charlys da Costa, Carlos Prudencio, Chung-Ming Chang, V.Samuel Raj, Ramendra Pandey

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Leishmania donovani; Geographical; Temporal diversity; Epidemic; Transmission cycle

Online: 21 June 2023 (10:31:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1304.v1

Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationship of Local Coffee Populations in Southwestern Saudi Arabia using DNA Barcoding

Habib Khemira, Mosbah Mahdhi, Muhammad Afzal, Mohammed Oteef, Taieb Tounekti, Zarraq Al-Faifi, Wail Alsolami

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Coffea arabica; chloroplastic DNA; barcode, genetic diversity; population structure; Saudi Arabia

Online: 19 June 2023 (05:40:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0820.v1

Dietary Pattern, Nutrition-Related Knowledge and Attitudes of Working Women in Western Province, Sri Lanka

Ayesha Salwathura, Faruk Ahmed

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Dietary Pattern; Dietary Diversity Score; Nutrition Knowledge; Nutrition Attitudes

Online: 12 June 2023 (10:13:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0613.v1

Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Winged Bean [Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus (L.) DC.] Accessions Using Morphological Traits and Microsatellite Markers

Temitope Esther Olatunde, Adeolu Moses Adebayo, Ayomide Ajoke Bhadmus, Idris Ishola Adejumobi, Olaniyi Oyatomi, Benjamin Faloye, Michael Abberton

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Accessions; genetic diversity; morphological traits; SSRs; winged bean

Online: 8 June 2023 (09:25:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2257.v1

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Central China based on SNP Markers

Aixia Yang, Xiaolei Ding, Yuan Feng, Tingting Chen, Jianren Ye

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus; SNP; genetic diversity; population differentiation (List three to ten pertinent keywords specific to the article yet reasonably common within the subject discipline.)

Online: 31 May 2023 (13:23:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2067.v1

Metagenomic Insights Reveal the Microbial Diversity and Associated Algal Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes on the Surface of Red Algae among Remote Regions

Xiaoqian Gu, Zhe Cao, Luying Zhao, Dewi Seswita-Zilda, Qian Zhang, Liping Fu, Jiang Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Metagenomics; red algae; microbial diversity; algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes

Online: 30 May 2023 (07:33:37 CEST)

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Macroalgae and macroalgae-associated bacteria together constitute the most efficient metabolic cycling system in the ocean. Their interactions, especially the responses of macroalgae-associated bacteria communities to algae in different geographical locations, is mostly unknown. In this study, metagenomics was used to analyze the microbial diversity and associated algal polysaccharide-degrading enzymes on the surface of red algae among three remote regions. There were significant differences in the macroalgae-associated bacteria community composition and diversity among the different regions. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria had a significantly high relative abundance among the regions. From the perspective of species diversity, samples from China had the highest macroalgae-associated bacteria diversity, followed by those from Antarctica and Indonesia. In addition, in the functional prediction of the bacterial community, genes associated with amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and membrane transport had a high relative abundance. Canonical correspondence analysis and redundancy analysis of environmental factors showed that, without considering algae species and composition, pH and temperature were the main environmental factors affecting bacterial community structure. Furthermore, there were significant differences in algal polysaccharide-degrading enzymes among the regions. Samples from China and Antarctica had high abundances of algal polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, while those from Indonesia had extremely low abundances. The environmental differences between these three regions may impose a strong geographic differentiation regarding the biodiversity of algal microbiomes and their expressed enzyme genes. This work expands our knowledge of algal microbial ecology, and contributes to an in-depth study of their metabolic characteristics, ecological functions, and applications.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1960.v1

Directional Breeding Generates Distinct Genetic Diversity in Hybrid Turf Bermudagrass as Probed with SSR Markers

Desalegn D. Serba, Tilin Fang, Yanqi Wu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: C. dactylon; C. transvaalensis; interspecific hybrids; cluster analysis; genetic similarity; genetic diversity; directional breeding

Online: 29 May 2023 (08:55:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1932.v1

Diversity of Diatom Algae in the Lena Delta Nature Reserve and the Adjacent Territory in the Specific Ecological Factors of the Arctic

Sophia Barinova, Viktor Gabyshev, Sergey Genkal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: diatoms; diversity; ecology; floristic; comparative floristics; climate; Red List; threatened species; bioindicators; statistical mapping

Online: 26 May 2023 (11:46:54 CEST)

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For the water bodies of the Lena Delta Nature Reserve, 413 taxa were known. In 14 small tundra reservoirs in its vicinity, we identified 385 taxa, which in the compilatory list made up a significant diversity (666 taxa including definitions to the genus level) of diatoms. Thus, the species composition of diatoms in the reserve and adjacent territories was replenished by 278 species. The predominance of species of the genera Pinnularia (57) and Eunotia (51) at the family and generic levels was revealed. Index of intraspecific variability Ssp./Sp. for the lakes of the reserve was 1.11, and for the lakes of the Tiksi region 1.14, which is typical for high-latitude and high-mountain communities. The number of rare or endangered species varied in different lakes within 1-10, totaling 42 species for the entire study area. Bioindication has shown that potentially threatened species prefer moderate temperatures, slightly acidic or neutral environments free from organic pollution. A comparative analysis of the species composition of diatoms in the vicinity of the Lena Delta and other northern water bodies of Yakutia and the Arctic Islands showed that the species composition of each lake in the Arctic is strictly individual. The indicator characteristics show a certain response of the species composition of diatoms to changes in salinity, pH, and organic pollution. A number of regularities in the spatial distribution of diatoms in the study area were found in connection with the physicochemical parameters of their habitat, height above sea level, and relation to a particular catchment basin. Statistical mapping of indicators of community and habitat diversity revealed a strong reaction to point one-time pollution and made it possible to assume the influence of summer northeast winds on the species composition. We suggest that the high diversity inherent in the diatom lakes of the Tiksi coastal zone, which can even be replenished in further studies, can be considered as a property of coastal biota inherent in ecotones. Since it is in the coastal Tiksi region that a surge in the number of species is observed, this region can be considered not only an ecotone, but also a hotspot of diatom diversity. The results of the study are important for developing the basis for monitoring biodiversity under the conditions of anthropogenic and climatic changes in the Arctic.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1688.v1

Impact of the Grain for Green Project on the well-being of farm households: A case study of the mountainous areas of northern Hebei Province, China

Kun Wang, Piling Sun, Xin Wang, Junxiong Mo, Nan Li, Jinye Zhang

Subject: Social Sciences, Other Keywords: Grain for green project; Livelihood assets; Livelihood diversity; Well-being of farm households; the mountainous areas of northern Hebei Province

Online: 24 May 2023 (04:28:57 CEST)

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There are close dynamic relationships among the livelihood, well-being, and ecological environment of farm households. It is of great significance to scientifically clarify the impact of the grain for green policy on the livelihoods and well-being of farm households in mountainous areas. Based on data from a survey of 392 farm households in Zhangbei County, a system of indicators for farm household livelihood assets and farm household well-being was constructed, drawing on a sustainable livelihood framework (SLF). The livelihood assets and well-being levels of different types of farm households were measured, and a multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the impact of the grain for green policy implementation on the well-being levels of farm households. The three main results are as follows: (1) The level of natural assets among the total average livelihood assets of farm households in Zhangbei County is the highest at 0.374, while the level of physical assets is the lowest at 0.018. The level of livelihood assets of returned farmland households (0.948) is lower than that of nonreturned farmland households (1.117). (2) The level of well-being of all farm households in Zhangbei County is 0.517, with the level of wealth contributing the most to the well-being of farm households at 40.20% and the quality of the ecological environment contributing the least at 11.99%. The level of well-being of returned farmland households (0.518) was slightly higher than that of nonreturned farmland households (0.514). (3) The degree of influence of each influence factor on the level of well-being of farm households varies significantly. Household size was the strongest driver, at 0.366, while educational attainment of household members, household labor capacity, annual household expenditure, livelihood diversity, number of large production tools, and total value of livestock were also important drivers of household well-being, and area of arable land is negatively associated with household well-being. There are also differences in the factors influencing the level of well-being of different types of farming households.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1578.v1

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Guangxi Kumquat (Fortunella Swing) Germplasm Using SRAP Molecular Markers

Binghao Liu, Ping Ding, Rongchun Ye, Yi Li, Shanhan Ou, Alessandra Gentile, Xianfeng Ma, Ziiu Deng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Horticulture Keywords: Guangxi kumquat; Germplasm resources; Diversity; SRAP markers; Genetic analysis

Online: 23 May 2023 (05:06:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1425.v1

Anaemia in Preschool-Aged Children in DR. Congo: Finding from a Nationally Representative Survey

Ngianga II (Shadrack) Kandala

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Haemoglobin; Anaemia; Dietary, Diversity; Random-effect

Online: 19 May 2023 (10:06:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1234.v1

Butterflies of the Neotropical Seasonally Dry Forest of Montes de María (Sucre, Colombia): What do they Tell us about the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis?

Yarlenis L Mercado-Gómez, Jorge D Mercado-Gómez, Carlos E Giraldo-Sánchez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: structure; diversity; anthropic disturbance; conservation; Lepidoptera

Online: 17 May 2023 (10:38:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1112.v1

Prevalence of Porcine Parvoviruses 1 to 6 and Porcine Circovirus 3 Infections and of Their Co-infections With Porcine Circovirus 2 in the Republic of Korea

In-Ohk Ouh, Ju-Yeon Lee, Hyeonhae Choi, Seo Young Moon, Jae Young Song, Bang-Hun Hyun, Dongmi Kwak, Yoon-Hee Lee, Choi-Kyu Park

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Porcine parvovirus 1-6; Porcine circovirus 2-3; Prevalence; Genetic diversity

Online: 16 May 2023 (06:02:59 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0879.v1

Glucosinolate Diversity Analysis in Choy sum (Brassica rapa subsp chinensis var parachinensis) Germplasms for Functional Foods Breeding

Seong-Hoon Kim, Parthiban Subramanian, Bum-Soo Hahn

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: glucosinolate; germplasm; breeding; anticancer; genebank; diversity

Online: 12 May 2023 (04:27:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0213.v1

Transposable Elements Shape the Genome Diversity and the Evolution of Noctuidae Species

Chunhui Zhang, Lei Wang, Liang Dou, Bisong Yue, Jinchuan Xing, Jing Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: Noctuidae; transposable elements; genomic diversity; phylogeny; horizontal transfer TE (HTT) events

Online: 4 May 2023 (07:37:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0206.v1

Testing White’s Floristic Impoverishment Hypothesis in the Forest-Savanna Transition Zones of Africa

Mathew Rees, John L. Godlee, David J. Harris, Casey M. Ryan, Kyle G. Dexter

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Ecology Keywords: Africa; forest; savanna; phylogenetic; diversity; transition

Online: 4 May 2023 (06:04:39 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0087.v1

Recent Population Dynamics of Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Jinpeng Xu, Abdul Wahaab, Sawar Khan, Mohsin Nawaz, Muhammad Naveed Anwar, Ke Liu, Jianchao Wei, Muddassar Hameed, Zhiyong Ma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Japanese encephalitis virus; Population dynamic; Genetic diversity

Online: 2 May 2023 (11:02:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1207.v1

Malaria Risk Drivers in the Brazilian Amazon: Land Use: Land Cover Interactions and Biological Diversity

William Gonzalez-Daza, Renata Muylaert, Thadeu Sobral-Souza, Victor Lemes-Landeiro

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Malaria; Amazon biome; INLA; Land use/cover interactions; Bird and amphibian rich-ness-endemics; Landscape composition; Biological diversity; Spatio-temporal modeling

Online: 29 April 2023 (04:29:50 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1127.v1

Metformin Therapy Changes Gut Microbiota Alpha-Diversity in COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Antibiotic Treatment

Pavlo Petakh, Iryna Kamyshna, Valentyn Oksenych, Denis Kainov, Aleksandr Kamyshnyi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; gut microbiota; diversity; diabetes; metformin

Online: 28 April 2023 (07:06:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0851.v1

Impacts of Combined Exposure to Glyphosate and Diquat on Microbial Community Structure and Diversity in a Lateritic Paddy Soil

Xiaoyu He, Chunyuan Wu, Huadong Tan, Xiao Deng, Yi Li

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Herbicides; mixed toxicity; microbial diversity; microbial community structure

Online: 24 April 2023 (10:49:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0761.v1

Seroprevalence and Genotype Diversity of Hepatitis C Virus in the Caribbean - A Review

Michelle Georgiana Brown, John Lindo, Kereann Nelson, Ivan Vickers, Cameil Wilson-Clarke, Gene Morse, Andrew Talal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Seroprevalence; genotype diversity; Caribbean; HCV elimination; Pan genotype treatment; high-risk population

Online: 23 April 2023 (04:14:36 CEST)

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INTRODUCTION There have been several advances in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection which have resulted in major reductions in the morbidity and mortality from liver-associated disease. These are not widely available in the Caribbean, due in part, to lack of knowledge of the epidemiology of infections with HCV. As efforts are made to eliminate HCV from the region, these and other existing barriers such as lack of an established database on HCV must be addressed. This review seeks to identify gaps in the knowledge of HCV in the Caribbean with respect to seroprevalence, genotype distribution and general epidemiologic characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature for the period January 1, 2005, to October 2022, was reviewed to gather country specific data on HCV across the Caribbean. References were identified through indexed journals accessed through established databases. The usage pattern of HCV drugs was determined from data obtained from Pharmacists and Infectious Diseases Specialists across the region. RESULTS The prevalence of HCV in the Caribbean was 1.5%; the region should therefore be considered an area of moderate prevalence. Notably, data from specific countries were limited. The prevalence of HCV among intravenous drug users (21.9-58.8%); persons living with HIV/AIDS (0.8 to 58.5%); prisoners (32.8-64%) and men who have sex with men (MSM) (0.8-6.9%) was generally higher than in the general population (0.8-2.3%). Genotype 1 (83% was most prevalent followed by genotypes 2 (7.2%) and 3(2.1%), respectively. Drugs currently being used for treatment of HCV infections across the Caribbean include Epclusa (Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir), and Harvoni (Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir). Some of these drugs, are only available in the private sector and are sourced externally whenever needed. CONCLUSION There is a paucity of current data on the seroprevalence of HCV in the Caribbean and well-designed prospective studies are indicated to drive the implementation of treatment and control programs for HCV in the region. Barriers which need to be first overcome include unavailability and high cost of drugs used to treat HCV infections, injecting drug use and limited access to medical care and laboratory testing.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0308.v1

Effects of Different Feeding Patterns on the Rumen Bacterial Community of Tan Lambs, based on High-Throughput Sequencing of 16S rDNA Amplicons

Lili Zhang, Yanliang Bi, Jie Zhang, Zilin Fu, Xiaofeng Xu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Alpha diversity; Beta diversity; Mutton quality; Pasture-fed; Pen-fed; Tan lambs

Online: 13 April 2023 (08:01:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0285.v1

Variation in Relative Abundance of Small Mammal species Caught in Two Different Ecosystems And Implicated in the Spread of Emerging Pathogens, in Mali

Abdoulaye Kassoum Koné, Georges Diatta, Doumbo Safiatou Niare, Solimane Ag Atteynine, Maïmouna Coulibaly, Adama Zan Diarra, Issaka Sagara, Abdoulaye Djimdé, Ogobara Doumbo, Mahamadou Ali Thera

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Small mammals; Reservoirs; Pathogenic agents; Transmission; Low diversity; Relative abundance; Mali

Online: 13 April 2023 (03:21:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0257.v2

Quantifying Transcriptome Diversity: A Review

Emma Jones, Anisha Haldar, Vishal Oza, Brittany Lasseigne

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Gene expression; transcriptome diversity; transcriptional variation; transcript diversity; isoform-level diversity; gene-level diversity

Online: 13 April 2023 (03:07:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0481.v1

IRAPs in Combination with Highly Informative ISSRs Confer Effective Potentials for Genetic Diversity and Fidelity Assessment in Rhododendron

Sulin Wen, Hong Zhao, Manying Zhang, Guang Qiao, Xiaohui Shen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: genetic fidelity; genetic diversity; IRAP; ISSR; Rhododendron

Online: 28 March 2023 (09:56:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0278.v1

Genetic Diversity Assessment of Winged Bean Accessions Using Agronomic and Seed Morphometric Traits

Ayomide Ajoke Bhadmus, Michael Terrence Abberton, Emmanuel Ohiosinmuan Idehen, Ukoabasi Ekanem, Rajneesh Paliwal, Olaniyi A. Oyatomi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Genetic diversity; Underutilized legume; Multispectral imaging system; Agro-morphological traits; Winged bean; Morphometric traits

Online: 15 March 2023 (10:04:35 CET)

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The winged bean is an underutilized legume that has the potential to contribute to nutrition and food security globally, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, very little research attention is paid to exploiting its full potential due to a lack of adequate knowledge of the existing genetic diversity in the available winged bean germplasm. To bridge this gap, seed morphometric and selected agro-morphological traits which are crucial for yield and seed quality determination in crop plants were used to assess the genetic diversity of thirty accessions of winged bean sourced from the Gene bank of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan. The thirty winged accessions were evaluated under field trials at three agro-ecological zones in Nigeria. The agro-morphological data as well as the seed morphometric dataset obtained from a Multi-Spectral Imaging (MSI) system were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Principal Component (PC) analysis, cluster analysis, and correlation analysis. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among the accessions for all measured traits. The first three PCs accounted for 93% of the variation observed among the accessions for all measured traits. Accessions were grouped into three clusters based on the agro- morphological traits and three clusters under the MSI system. Seed yield per plant had the highest estimates of significant positive correlation with hundred seed weight, pod weight per plant, etc. at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. TPt-31 had the highest seed yield per plant, pod weight per plant, and early maturity while TPt-7 had an extended flowering and maturity period, the highest number of pods per peduncle and pods per plant as well as the lowest seed yield. These accessions could serve as a good resource for future winged bean improvement programs. The result also confirmed that the MSI system is an invaluable tool for discriminating among accessions of the same crop species.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0102.v1

Density and Bleaching of Corals and Their Relationship to the Coral Symbiotic Community

Temir A. Britayev¹, Roman A. Petrochenko, Yulia Burmistrova, Thanh Hai Nguyen, Fedor V. Lishchenko

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Symbionts Pocillopora verrucose; Diversity; Species richness; Abundance; Obligate sym-biont; Facultative symbiont

Online: 6 March 2023 (10:08:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0505.v1

Tomato Defence Suppression is a Common Trait in Tetranychus urticae Collected from Field-Grown Tomatoes

Jéssica Teodoro-Paulo, Carlos Fernandes, Lin Dong, Sara Magalhães, Alison B. Duncan, Juan M. Alba, Merijn R. Kant

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: phylogeny; salivary effectors; effector 84; genetic diversity

Online: 28 February 2023 (04:44:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0056.v2

Women’s Participation in Leadership Roles in a Single Canadian Paramedic Service

Justin Mausz, Sarah Salvis, Dominique Arseneau-Bruneau, Elizabeth Donnelly

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: Emergency Medical Services; paramedics; gender; diversity

Online: 15 February 2023 (04:34:52 CET)

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Introduction: Like other public safety professions, paramedicine has historically been a male-dominated occupation, both in the demography of its workforce and in its organizational culture. Although women are increasingly choosing paramedicine as a career, participation in leadership roles remains limited. Drawing on data from a recent comprehensive mental health survey, we describe the proportion of women in leadership in a single, large, urban paramedic service in Ontario, Canada. Methods: We distributed an in-person, paper-based survey during the fall 2019 - winter 2020 Continuing Medical Education (CME) sessions. Participating paramedics completed a demographic questionnaire alongside a battery of mental health screening tools. We assessed the demography of the workforce and explored differences in employment classification, provider level (e.g., primary vs. advanced care), and participation in formal leadership roles along self-reported gender lines. Results: Out of 607 paramedics attending CME, we received 600 completed surveys, with 11 excluded for missing data, leaving 589 for analysis and a 97% response rate. Women comprised 40% of the active-duty paramedic workforce, with an average of 8 years of experience. Compared to men, women were more than twice as likely to have a university degree (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.02), but almost half as likely to practice at the Advanced Care Paramedic level (OR 0.61), and somewhat less likely to be employed full-time (OR 0.77). Women were nearly 70% less likely to hold a leadership role in the service compared to men (OR 0.36), occupying just 20% of leadership positions. Conclusion: Although paramedicine is witnessing an encouraging shift in the demography of its workforce with greater participation from women, there is still work to be done, particularly in leadership. Future research should focus on identifying and ameliorating barriers to career advancement among women and other historically underrepresented people.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0578.v1

Species Composition and Seasonal Abundance of Predatory Mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Inhabiting Aesculus Hippocastanum

Michal Kopačka, Rostislav Zemek

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: horse chestnut tree; diversity; population dynamics; mite density; city parks

Online: 31 January 2023 (08:45:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0506.v1

Does a Rural-Urban Gradient Affect Arthropod Assemblages in an Arid Ecosystem?

Mahmoud S. Abdel-Dayem, Mostafa R. Sharaf, Jonathan D. Majer, Mohammed K. Al-Sadoon, Ahmed M. Soliman, Abdulrahman S. Aldawood, Hathal M. Aldhafer, Gamal M. Orabi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: Beetles; abundance; diversity; indicator species; Riyadh; species richness; urbanization; Wadi Hanifa

Online: 27 January 2023 (12:57:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0494.v1

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Anopheles funestus in western Kenya Based on Mitochondrial DNA Marker mtDNA-COII

Isaiah Debrah, Kevin O. Ochwedo, Wilfred O. Otambo, Maxwell G. Machani, Edwin O. Magomere, Shirley A. Onyango, Daibin Zhong, Linda Eva Amoah, Andrew Karanja Githeko, Yaw Asare Afrane, Guiyun Yan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Anopheles funestus; western Kenya; mtDNA-COII; genetic diversity; gene flow

Online: 27 January 2023 (06:46:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0467.v1

Effects of Phage Cocktail, Probiotics and Their Combinations on Growth Performance and Gut Microbiota of Broiler Chickens

Mohd Shaufi Mohd Asrore, Chin Chin Sieo, Chong Chun Wie, Tan Geok Hun, Abdul Rahman Omar, Gan Han Ming, Yin Wan Ho

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: antibiotic growth promoter; alternative; poultry production; next-generation sequencing; 16S rRNA; gut microbial diversity

Online: 26 January 2023 (04:06:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0462.v1

Structure of a Metacommunity of Urban Bees: Species Diversity and Spatio-temporal Modularity

Yoko L. Dupont, Henning Bang Madsen, Mette Balslev Greve, Claus Rasmussen, Jens M. Olesen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Apis; beta diversity; city; nestedness; network; pollinator

Online: 26 December 2022 (02:50:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0106.v1

Data-Driven Assessment on the Brazilian Regulatory Framework for Biodiversity Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS)

Diana Jungmann, Jorge de P.C. Avila

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Convention on Biological Diversity; Nagoya Protocol; ABS access and benefit sharing; Brazil ABS law; genetic resources; associated traditional knowledge.

Online: 7 December 2022 (01:52:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0244.v1

Screening Aromatic Rice Genotypes by RAPD Markers for Breeding Salinity Stress Tolerant Rice Variety

Md Abdul Azim, Md Mahbubur Rahman, Dipali Rani Gupta, Aniruddha Sarker, Tofazzal Islam

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: aromatic rice; salt screening; RAPD marker; genetic diversity

Online: 14 November 2022 (07:43:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0444.v1

Behavioural Impact of Captive Management Changes in Three Species of Testudinidae

Jessica T. Turner, Alexandra L. Whittaker, David McLelland

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: reptile; tortoise; welfare; diversity index; behaviour; enrichment; ethogram

Online: 28 October 2022 (08:28:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0336.v1

Tracing Superior and Late-Leafing Genotypes in their Origin Center for Managing Late-Spring Frost in Walnut Orchards

Mehdi Fallah, Mousa Rasouli, Darab Hassani, Shaneka S. Lawson, Saadat Sarikhani, Kourosh Vahdati

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Horticulture Keywords: Walnut diversity; germplasm evaluation; late-leafing; pomological characteristics; superior geno-types

Online: 22 September 2022 (08:47:22 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0230.v1

Progress and Impact of Latin American Natural Product Databases

Alejandro Gómez-García, Jose L. Medina-Franco

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Theoretical Chemistry Keywords: chemoinformatics; compound databases; chemical space; diversity; drug discovery; openscience; pseudo-natural product

Online: 12 August 2022 (08:39:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0149.v1

A Comparison of Fijian Honeyeaters Abundance and Foraging Behaviour at USP Laucala Campus and Colo-I-Suva Forest Reserve

Galana Siro, Lavinia Donald, Jacinta Serah Botleng, Tima Allanson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Honeyeater; foraging behaviour; diversity; human activity; avifauna

Online: 8 August 2022 (10:28:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0328.v1

Assessing the Spatiotemporal Relationship between Coastal Habitats and Fish Assemblages at Two Neotropical Estuaries of the Mexican Pacific

Victor Muro, Felipe Amezcua, Georgina Ramírez-Ortiz, Francisco Flores-de-Santiago, Felipe Amezcua-Linares, Yareli Hernandez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: mangrove forests; Marine Protected Areas; α-diversity; β-diversity; multivariate analyses

Online: 24 June 2022 (03:28:50 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0284.v1

Building Consensus around the Assessment and Interpretation of Symbiodiniaceae Diversity

Sarah Davies, Matthew H. Gamache, Lauren I. Howe-Kerr, Nicola G. Kriefall, Andrew C. Baker, Anastazia T. Banaszak, Line K. Bay, Anthony J. Bellantuono, Debashish Bhattacharya, Cheong Xin Chan, Danielle C. Claar, Mary Alice Coffroth, Ross Cunning, Simon K. Davy, Javier del Campo, Erika M. Diaz-Almeyda, Jorg C. Frommlet, Lauren E. Fuess, Raul A. Gonzalez-Pech, Tamar L. Goulet, Kenneth D. Hoadley, Emily J. Howells, Benjamin C. C. Hume, Dustin W. Kemp, Carly, D. Kenkel, Sheila A. Kitchen, Todd C. LaJeunesse, Senjie Lin, Shelby McIlroy, Ryan McMinds, Matthew R. Nitschke, Clinton A. Oakley, Raquel S. Peixoto, Carlos Prada, Hollie M. Putnam, Kate Quigley, Hannah G. Reich, James Davis Reimer, Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty, Stephanie Rosalas, Osama S. Saad, Eugenia M. Sampayo, Scott Santos, Eiichi Shoguchi, Edward G. Smith, Michael Stat, Timothy G. Stephens, Marie E. Strader, David J. Suggett, Timothy D. Swain, Cawa Tran, Nikki Traylor-Knowles, Christian R. Voolstra, Mark E. Warner, Virginia M. Weis, Rachel Wright, Tingting Xiang, Hiroshi Yamashita, Maren Ziegler, Adrienne M.S. Correa, John Everett Parkinson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Symbiodinaceae; genetic diversity; coral symbiosis

Online: 21 June 2022 (04:49:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0268.v1

Catch Composition, Seasonality and Biological Aspects of Sharks Caught in the Ecuadorian Pacific

Jesús Briones-Mendoza, Diego Mejía, Pol Carrasco-Puig

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: diversity; abundance; cartilaginous fish

Online: 20 June 2022 (10:10:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0178.v1

Phylogeographic and Bioclimatic Determinants of the Dorsal Pattern Polymorphism in the Italian Wall Lizard, Podarcis siculus

Francesco Gallozzi, Paolo Colangelo, Gabriele Senczuk, Riccardo Castiglia

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Citizen science; Colour pattern; geographic diversity; phylogeography

Online: 13 June 2022 (09:55:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0090.v1

Ecotype Division and Chemical Diversity of Cynomorium songaricum from Different Geographical Regions

Xinke Zhang, Xiao Sun, Yujing Miao, Min Zhang, Lixia Tian, Chang Liu, Linfang Huang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Cynomorium songaricum; ecotype division; chemical diversity; metabolomics

Online: 7 June 2022 (02:54:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0485.v2

Biodiversity Conservation of National Parks and Nature-protected Areas in West Africa: The Case of Kainji National Park, Nigeria

Xiao-lan Tang, John Adekunle Adesina

Subject: Social Sciences, Geography, Planning And Development Keywords: carbon storage & sequestration; climate change; habitat diversity; Kainji national park; protected areas; air quality

Online: 16 May 2022 (04:33:24 CEST)

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Due to rising global warming and climate change, biodiversity protection has become a critical ecological concern. The rich biodiversity zones are under threat and are deteriorating, necessitating national, regional, and provincial efforts to safeguard these natural areas. The effective conservation of National Parks and Nature-protected Areas helps to improve biodiversity conservation, forest, and urban air quality. The continuous encroachment and abuse of these protected areas have degraded the ecosystem over time. While exploring the geophysical ecology and biodiversity conservation of these areas in West Africa, Kainji National Park was selected for this study because of its notable location, naturalness, rich habitat diversity, topographic uniqueness, and landmass. The conservation of national parks and nature-protected areas is a cornerstone of biodiversity conservation globally. This study is aimed at the target of United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 13, 2030- Climate Action, targeted at taking urgent action towards combating climate change and its impacts. The study captures both flora and fauna that are dominant in the study area. The 15 identified tree species were selected from over 30 species with 563,500,000 (an average of 3,700,000 in each sample frame) trees for every tree species/type with a total of 63% tree green canopy cover. The study areas divided into three zones were randomly sampled within a stratum of 25x25km frames divided into 150 sample frames for proper analyses using the i-Tree Eco v6.0.23. The following microclimatic data were captured and analyzed; photosynthetically active radiation, rain/precipitation, temperature, transpiration, evaporation, water intercepted by trees, avoided a runoff by trees, potential evaporation by trees, isoprene and monoterpene by trees. This study also further discusses the tree benefits of a green, low carbon, and sustainable environment within the context of biodiversity conservation considering carbon storage, carbon sequestration, hydrology effects, pollution removal, oxygen production, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). There is a quick need for remotely-sensed information about the protected areas at regular intervals and government policies must be strict against illegal poaching, logging activities and other hazardous human impacts.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0186.v1

Fungi in Microbial Culture Collections and Their Metabolites

Alexander Vasilenko, Natalya Ivanushkina, Galina Kochkina, Svetlana Ozerskaya

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: collections of microorganisms; data bases; fungal diversity; metabolites

Online: 13 May 2022 (09:42:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0157.v1

Low Intra-Host and Inter-Host Genetic Diversity of Carnivore Protoparvovirus 1 in Domestic Cats During A Feline Panleukopenia Outbreak

Xiuwan Wang, Maura Carrai, Kate Van Brussel, Shuo Feng, Julia A. Beatty, Mang Shi, Edward C. Holmes, Jun Li, Vanessa R. Barrs

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: feline; panleukopenia; canine parvovirus; metagenomics; diversity; intra-host

Online: 12 May 2022 (04:07:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0283.v1

The Functional Biogeography of eDNA Metacommunities in the Post-fire Landscape of the Angeles National Forest

Savanah Senn, Sharmodeep Bhattacharyya, Gerald Presley, Anne E. Taylor, Jillian Ford, Brandon Jasinski, Yekaterina Badalova

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: molecular ecology; functional diversity; DNA sequencing

Online: 28 April 2022 (10:31:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0304.v1

Longitudinal Survey of Coronavirus Circulation and Diversity in Insectivorous Bat Colonies in Zimbabwe

Vimbiso Chidoti, Helene De Nys, Valerie Pinarello, Getrude Mashura, Dorothee Misse, Laure Guerrini, Davies Pfukenyi, Julien Cappelle, Ngoni Chiweshe, Ahidjo Ayouba, Gift Matope, Martine Peeters, Elizabeth Gori, Mathieu Bourgarel, Florian Liegeois

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Bat Coronavirus (Bt CoVs); human-bat interaction; genetic diversity; reproductive phenology; Zimbabwe

Online: 23 March 2022 (02:55:01 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0295.v1

Genetic Diversity of Schistosoma Haematobium in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Rabecca Tembo, Panji Nkhoma, Mildred Zulu, Florence Mwaba, John Yabe, Hikabasa Halwiindi, Moses Kamwela, King S. Nalubamba, Chummy S. Sikasunge, Andrew M. Phiri

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Urinary schistosomiasis; Schistosoma haematobium; sub-Saharan Africa; Genetic Diversity

Online: 22 March 2022 (04:25:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0084.v1

Long-Term Tree Survival and Diversity of Highway Tree Planting Projects

Allyson B. Salisbury, Jason W. Miesbauer, Andrew K. Koeser

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: drought tolerance; roadside woody vegetation; Simpson diversity; site conditions; tree mortality; tree planting initiatives

Online: 4 March 2022 (17:04:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0072.v1

The Endemic Vascular Flora of Sardinia: a Dynamic Checklist with an Overview of Biogeography and Conservation Status

Mauro Fois, Emmanuele Farris, Giacomo Calvia, Giuliano Campus, Giuseppe Fenu, Marco Porceddu, Gianluigi Bacchetta

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Mediterranean flora; endemic plants; IUCN assessments; island biogeography; plant conservation; Tyrrhenian islands; biological forms; plant evolution and distribution; plant diversity

Online: 4 February 2022 (12:06:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0414.v1

Genotypic and Epidemiologic Profiles of Giardia duodenalis in Four Brazilian Biogeographic Regions

Deiviane Calegar, Beatriz Nunes, Kerla Monteiro, Polyanna Bacelar, Brenda Evangelista, Mayron Moraes, Jurecir Silva, Jéssica Santos, Márcio Bóia, Lauren Jaeger, Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Tropical Medicine Keywords: Giardia duodenalis; Assemblages; Epidemiology; Genetic diversity

Online: 27 January 2022 (11:18:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0395.v1

Nutraceutical Content and Genetic Diversity Share a Common Pattern in New Pomegranate Genotypes

Carmen Arlotta, Valeria Toscano, Claudia Genovese, Pietro Calderaro, Giuseppe Diego Puglia, Salvatore Antonino Raccuia

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Punica granatum L.; Bio-agronomic traits; Antioxidant activity; Total phenolic content; Carbohydrates; Minerals; genetic diversity

Online: 23 December 2021 (14:12:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0419.v1

Facing the Harsh Reality of Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) Legislation

Frank Michiels, Ulrich Feiter, Stéphanie Paquin-Jaloux, Diana Jungmann, Axel Braun, Mary Ann P. Sayoc, Ricard Armengol, Markus Wyss, Bruno David

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Convention on Biological Diversity; Access and Benefit Sharing; Nagoya Protocol; industry perspective

Online: 23 November 2021 (10:46:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0158.v1

Difference in Rhizosphere Soil Bacterial Community was among Six Cinnamomum camphora Chemotypes

Zufei Xiao, Beihong Zhang, Yangbao Wang, Zhinong Jin, Feng Li, Ji Peng, Jiang Rui

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: Cinnamomum camphora; chemotype; soil nutrient; soil bacterial community diversity and structure

Online: 8 November 2021 (15:20:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0147.v1

Diversity and Career Progression in Dental School Staff in the UK and Ireland

Khaleel Shazada, Zoe Freeman, Hawa Fathi, Paula Waterhouse, Chris Penlington

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: Diversity; Equality; Dental Education; Career Progression; Higher Education

Online: 8 November 2021 (13:40:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0172.v1

The Effect of Productive Safety Net Programme on Household Food Consumption and Dietary Diversity in Ethiopia

Mebratu Feyisa

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: PSNP; household food consumption; household dietary diversity; random effect; instrumental variable

Online: 11 October 2021 (17:15:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0325.v1

A New Double-Stranded RNA Mycovirus in Cryphonectria naterciae is Able to Cross the Species Barrier and is Deleterious to a New Host

Carolina Cornejo, Sakae Hisano, Helena Bragança, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Daniel Rigling

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Virus diversity; Quercus suber; Castanea sativa; hornbeam decline; hypovirulence; bio-control; Portugal.

Online: 20 September 2021 (10:52:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0397.v1

Simple Method for Assessing Diversity and Dynamics of Microbial Community: Comparison of Dairy Phages from Industrial and Spontaneous Fermentation

Agnieszka Olejnik-Schmidt, Bernadeta Pietrzak, Iwona Kawacka, Klaudia Malak, Weronika Wawrzyniak, Marcin Schmidt

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: phage; dairy; Lactococcus; diversity; community

Online: 19 August 2021 (10:30:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0340.v1

Prevalence, Phylogroups, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and GE-Netic Diversity of Escherichia coli Isolates From Food Products

Babak Pakbin, Samaneh Allahyari, Zahra Amani, Wolfram Manuel Bruck, Razzagh Mahmoudi, Amir Peymani

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Escherichia coli; Antimicrobial resistance; Food samples; Phylogenetic group; Genetic diversity

Online: 16 August 2021 (13:35:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0572.v1

Evolutionary Genomic Comparisons of Chelonid Herpesvirus 5 (chhv5) From Fibropapillomatosis-Afflicted Green (Chelonia Mydas), Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys Olivacea), And Kemp’s Ridley (Lepidochelys Kempii) Sea Turtles.

Liam Whitmore, Kelsey Yetsko, Jessica A. Farrell, Annie Page-Karjian, Whitney Daniel, Donna J. Shaver, Hilary R. Frandsen, J. Shelby Walker, Whitney Crowder, Caitlin Bovery, Devon Rollinson Ramia, Brooke Burkhalter, Elizabeth Ryan, David J. Duffy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: CFPHV; ChHV5; phylogenetics; phylogenomics; viral evolution and diversity; marine turtles; fibropapillomatosis

Online: 26 July 2021 (11:58:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0560.v1

Microbial Diversity Based on Multifractal Analysis of Metagenomes

Xianhua Xie, Yuanlin Ma, Zuguo Yu, Guosheng Han

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: diversity index; multifractal; metagenome; gut mtagenome

Online: 26 July 2021 (10:04:41 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0099.v1

A Science Mapping Analysis of Sixty-Seven Years of Scientific Evolution about the Transgender Population

Mariluza Sott Bender, Michele Kremer Sott, Vitória Merten Fernandes, Mikaela Aline Bade München, Isadora Ferretti Gonçalves, Silvia Virginia Coutinho Areosa, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: transgender; nonbinary; transsexual; queer; gender diversity; gender identity disorder; bibliometrics; science mapping

Online: 5 July 2021 (12:48:02 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Shifts in Sodic Soil Bacterial Communities Associated With Different Alkali Vegetation Types

Andrea K. Borsodi, Márton Mucsi, Gergely Krett, Attila Szabó, Tamás Felföldi, Tibor Szili-Kovács

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: 16S rRNA gene; bacterial diversity; catabolic activity; cultivation; Pannonian steppe; pyrosequencing

Online: 22 June 2021 (14:26:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0434.v1

Going beyond Soil Conservation with the Use of Cover Crops in Mediterranean Sloping Olive Orchards

Luis F. Arias-Giraldo, Gema Guzmán Díaz, Miguel Montes-Borrego, David Gramaje, José A. Gómez, Blanca B. Landa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: bacterial community composition; metabolic activity; microbial diversity; soil erosion; soil quality

Online: 16 June 2021 (10:23:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0162.v1

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth.) from the Peruvian Amazon Assessed by RAPD Markers

Carla Saldaña, Johan Cancan, Wilbert Cruz, Mirian Correa, Miriam Ramos, Eloy Cuellar, Carlos Arbizu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Amazon forest; capirona; molecular markers; genetic diversity; population structure

Online: 7 June 2021 (10:06:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0553.v1

New Reports of Wild Mushroom Diversity from Foothill Region of Uttarakhand

Vasundhra Sharma, A. K. Jaitly

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: mushroom; organic-debris; fruiting bodies; diversity; frequency

Online: 24 May 2021 (10:22:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0465.v1

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of a Rhodes Grass (Chloris gayana) Collection

Alemayehu Teressa Negawo, Meki S. Muktar, Yilikal Assefa, Jean Hanson, Alieu M. Sartie, Ermias Habte, Chris S. Jones

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: DArTSeq markers; genetic diversity; Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana); subset

Online: 20 May 2021 (09:46:57 CEST)

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