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Metagenomic Insights Reveal the Microbial Diversity and Associated Algal Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes on the Surface of Red Algae among Remote Regions
Gu, X.; Cao, Z.; Zhao, L.; Seswita-Zilda, D.; Zhang, Q.; Fu, L.; Li, J. Metagenomic Insights Reveal the Microbial Diversity and Associated Algal-Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes on the Surface of Red Algae among Remote Regions. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2023, 24, 11019.
Gu, X.; Cao, Z.; Zhao, L.; Seswita-Zilda, D.; Zhang, Q.; Fu, L.; Li, J. Metagenomic Insights Reveal the Microbial Diversity and Associated Algal-Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes on the Surface of Red Algae among Remote Regions. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 11019.
Gu, X.; Cao, Z.; Zhao, L.; Seswita-Zilda, D.; Zhang, Q.; Fu, L.; Li, J. Metagenomic Insights Reveal the Microbial Diversity and Associated Algal-Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes on the Surface of Red Algae among Remote Regions. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2023, 24, 11019.
Gu, X.; Cao, Z.; Zhao, L.; Seswita-Zilda, D.; Zhang, Q.; Fu, L.; Li, J. Metagenomic Insights Reveal the Microbial Diversity and Associated Algal-Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes on the Surface of Red Algae among Remote Regions. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 11019.
Abstract
Macroalgae and macroalgae-associated bacteria together constitute the most efficient metabolic cycling system in the ocean. Their interactions, especially the responses of macroalgae-associated bacteria communities to algae in different geographical locations, is mostly unknown. In this study, metagenomics was used to analyze the microbial diversity and associated algal polysaccharide-degrading enzymes on the surface of red algae among three remote regions. There were significant differences in the macroalgae-associated bacteria community composition and diversity among the different regions. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria had a significantly high relative abundance among the regions. From the perspective of species diversity, samples from China had the highest macroalgae-associated bacteria diversity, followed by those from Antarctica and Indonesia. In addition, in the functional prediction of the bacterial community, genes associated with amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and membrane transport had a high relative abundance. Canonical correspondence analysis and redundancy analysis of environmental factors showed that, without considering algae species and composition, pH and temperature were the main environmental factors affecting bacterial community structure. Furthermore, there were significant differences in algal polysaccharide-degrading enzymes among the regions. Samples from China and Antarctica had high abundances of algal polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, while those from Indonesia had extremely low abundances. The environmental differences between these three regions may impose a strong geographic differentiation regarding the biodiversity of algal microbiomes and their expressed enzyme genes. This work expands our knowledge of algal microbial ecology, and contributes to an in-depth study of their metabolic characteristics, ecological functions, and applications.
Keywords
Metagenomics; red algae; microbial diversity; algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
