Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Simple Method for Assessing Diversity and Dynamics of Microbial Community: Comparison of Dairy Phages from Industrial and Spontaneous Fermentation

Agnieszka Olejnik-Schmidt
ORCID logo ,
Bernadeta Pietrzak
ORCID logo ,
Iwona Kawacka
ORCID logo ,
Klaudia Malak
,
Weronika Wawrzyniak
,
Marcin Schmidt
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 17 August 2021 / Approved: 19 August 2021 / Online: 19 August 2021 (10:30:53 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Olejnik-Schmidt, A.; Pietrzak, B.; Kawacka, I.; Malak, K.; Wawrzyniak, W.; Schmidt, M. A Simple Method for Assessing Diversity and Dynamics of Microbial Community: Comparison of Dairy Phages from Industrial and Spontaneous Fermentation. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 8915. Olejnik-Schmidt, A.; Pietrzak, B.; Kawacka, I.; Malak, K.; Wawrzyniak, W.; Schmidt, M. A Simple Method for Assessing Diversity and Dynamics of Microbial Community: Comparison of Dairy Phages from Industrial and Spontaneous Fermentation. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 8915.

Abstract

Background: The dairy industry heavily relies on fermentation processes driven in high proportion by Lactococcus lactis. The fermentation process can be perturbed or even stopped by bacteriophage activity leading to complete loss of fermentation batch or decreased quality product. Monitoring of the phage diversity and dynamics in the process allows to implement protective measures (e.g. starter rotation) in order to maintain unperturbed production.; Methods: Universal primers were used to amplify sequences of the 936, c2, and P335 Lactococcus phage types. The amplicons were sequences with Sanger method and obtained degenerate sequences were analyzed using simple bioinformatic pipeline in R environment.; Results: The most prevalent phage type is 936, followed by P335, whereas c2 type is less frequent.; Conclusions: Curd cheeses prepared on non-pasteurized milk based on native milk microbiota had higher diversity of phages distinct of these found in dairy plants. Sanger sequencing of heterogenous amplicons generated on metagenome DNA can be used to asses low-complexity microbiota diversity.

Keywords

phage; dairy; Lactococcus; diversity; community

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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