Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Scrub Typhus: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentations, and Diagnostic Approaches

Ramendra Pati Pandey
* ORCID logo ,
M Beyau Konyak
ORCID logo ,
Monika Soni
,
Shyamalima Saikia
,
Tochi Chang
,
Indrani Gogoi
,
Ibakmensi Khongstid
,
Mohan Sharma
*
Version 1 : Received: 28 July 2023 / Approved: 31 July 2023 / Online: 31 July 2023 (15:59:53 CEST)

How to cite: Pandey, R.P.; Konyak, M.B.; Soni, M.; Saikia, S.; Chang, T.; Gogoi, I.; Khongstid, I.; Sharma, M. Scrub Typhus: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentations, and Diagnostic Approaches. Preprints 2023, 2023072138. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.2138.v1 Pandey, R.P.; Konyak, M.B.; Soni, M.; Saikia, S.; Chang, T.; Gogoi, I.; Khongstid, I.; Sharma, M. Scrub Typhus: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentations, and Diagnostic Approaches. Preprints 2023, 2023072138. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.2138.v1

Abstract

Scrub typhus (ST) is one of the most neglected tropical diseases, a leading cause of acute undifferentiated febrile illness in areas of the ‘tsutsugamushi triangle’, diagnosed frequently in South Asian countries. The bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi is the causative agent of the disease, which enters to human body through the bite of trombiculid mite (Chigger) of the genus Leptotrombidium deliense.The diagnosis of the disease becomes challenging as its early symptoms mimic other febrile illnesses like dengue, influenza, and corona viruses. Lack of rapid, reliable, and cost-effective diagnostic methods further complicates the identification process. Northeast India, a mountainous region with a predominantly rural tribal population, has witnessed a resurgence of scrub typhus cases in recent years. Various ecological factors, including rodent population, habitat characteristics, and climatic conditions, influence its prevalence. Entomological investigations have confirmed the abundance of vector mites, highlighting the importance of understanding their distribution and the probability of transmission of scrub typhus in the region. Proper diagnosis, awareness campaigns, and behavioral interventions are essential for controlling scrub typhus outbreaks and reducing its impact on public health in Northeast India. Further research and community-based studies are necessary to accurately assess the disease burden and implement effective prevention strategies.

Keywords

Northeast India; scrub typhus; Orientia tsutsugamushi; clinical presentations; co-infections; diagnosis; genetic diversity; entomology

Subject

Public Health and Healthcare, Public, Environmental and Occupational Health

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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