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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1969.v1

Benzoic Acid and It’s Synthetic Derivatives as Important Medicinal Product Attenuates Cancer: an Up-to-date Review

Arvind Kumar, Kamal YT, Mhaveer Singh, Harpreet Singh, Niranjan Kaushik, Amrita Mishra, Arun K. Mishra

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Cancer; Benzoic acid; Anti-cancer activity; Scaffold

Online: 29 May 2023 (05:00:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1915.v1

Arsenic-Induced Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis is Associated with PGC-1α Decrease in Rat Brain

Bo Ding, Xinbo Ma, Yang Liu, Bangyao Ni, Siqi Lu, Yuting Chen, Xiaona Liu, Wei Zhang

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Arsenic, PGC-1α, Mitochondria, Hippocampus, Apoptosis

Online: 26 May 2023 (10:21:09 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1770.v1

A Comparison of Ambient Air Ethylene Oxide Modeling Estimates from Facility Stack and Fugitive Emissions to Canister-based Ambient Air Measurements in the Salt Lake City

Skyler Spooner, Rod Handy, Nancy Daher, Rachel Edie, Trent Henry, Darrah Sleeth

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: ethylene oxide (EtO); summa cannister; AERMOD air dispersion modeling; Human Exposure Model (HEM); Clean Air Act; EPA TO-15 method

Online: 25 May 2023 (08:32:59 CEST)

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Ethylene Oxide (EtO) is a colorless, flammable gas at room temperature, produced by the catalytic oxidation of ethylene. EtO is widely used by medical sterilization facilities to clean medical supplies and equipment. Recent epidemiological studies showed that EtO is a more potent carcinogen than previously documented, leading the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to update, in December 2016, the inhalation unit risk estimate for EtO. This resulted in the identification of EtO as a potential health concern in several areas across the US, including the state of Utah. The geography surrounding Salt Lake Valley creates a bowl; ideal for collecting air pollution emissions. The region often experiences inversion episodes which inhibit vertical mixing and cause an accumulation of air pollutants, leading to unhealthy pollution levels. Using the EPA's dispersion modeling software, AERMOD, this study estimated EtO concentrations through facility stack and fugitive emissions modeling results. These values were compared with those of canister-based concentrations from ambient air samples taken near a medical device sterilization facility in the Salt Lake Valley. Stainless steel, whole-air passivated canisters were used to collect 24-hour ambient concentration samples of EtO. Eight locations surrounding a Salt Lake Valley medical device sterilization facility and four background sites were chosen to measure the ambient concentrations. Accounting for potential atmospheric impacts on EtO, measurements were sampled in winter 2022 (January-March) and summer 2022 (July-September). The modeled EtO concentrations were adjusted to account for background values associated with the winter or summer data. Then the two methodologies were compared using a Wilcoxon Sign-ranked, paired test. The statistical analysis resulted in six of the eight sample locations surrounding the sterilization facility being significantly different when comparing canister-based measurements of ambient EtO to modeled estimates. Canister-based measurements taken at sites one, three, and four were statistically greater than the modeled estimates, while sites two, five, and seven were statistically less than the modeled estimates. Also, the summer background value calculated was almost 2.5 times greater than the winter. The results do not suggest whether one method is more or less conservative than the other. In conclusion, the five of the closest sites and site seven were statistically different when comparing measured and modeled ambient concentrations of EtO. The comparison results do not clearly indicate if a correction factor could be derived for future human exposure to cancer risk assessment modeling. However, it is reasonable that the closer to the sterilization facility, the more total EtO exposure will be realized.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1736.v1

The Influence of Urban Gardening Activities on Participants’ Perceived Restorativeness, Resilience, Sense of Community and Stress

Hee-Ran Kim, Won-Suk Oh, Jin Gun Kim, Won Sop Shin

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Urban Garden; Perceived Restorativeness; Resillience; Sense of Community; Stress; Salivary cortisol

Online: 25 May 2023 (05:10:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1594.v1

Predictors of Quality of Life in HIV-Infected Persons from Mozambique: The Dual Role of Schooling

Jorge Lufiande, Susana Silva, Ana Catarina Reis, Marina Prista Guerra

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: HIV/AIDS; Mozambique; Quality of life; Schooling; Meaning in life; Social support

Online: 23 May 2023 (07:28:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1579.v1

Work Engagement and Burnout in a Private Health Service Unit in Greece

George Alexias, Maria Papandreopoulou, Constantinos Togas

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Work engagement; burnout; health professionals; private sector; healthcare unit

Online: 23 May 2023 (05:17:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1098.v1

Association between Air Pollution and Short-Term Outcome of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Jyun-Bin Huang, Kuo-Chen Huang, Ting-Min Hsieh, Chih-Min Tsai, Hao-Yi Hsiao, Chi-Yung Cheng, Fu-Jen Cheng

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI; air pollution; particulate matter; nitrogen dioxide

Online: 16 May 2023 (05:19:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0997.v1

Montserrat García Gómez, Alin Manuel Gherasim, Juan María Roldan Romero, Luz Maria Montoya Martinez, Jesús Oliva Domínguez, Sofía Escalona López

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; temporary disability; cumulative incidence; healthcare workers; National Network of Epidemiological Surveillance; Spain

Online: 15 May 2023 (07:49:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0968.v1

Wearing Face Masks as a Potential Source for Inhalation and Oral Uptake of Inanimate Toxins: a Scoping Review

Kai Kisielinski, Stefan Hockertz, Oliver Hirsch, Stephan Korupp, Bernd Klosterhalfen, Andreas Schnepf, Gerald Dyker

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: surgical mask; N95 mask; toxicity; health risk assessment; microplastic; volatile organic compound (VOC); heavy metal; phthalate; organic compound

Online: 15 May 2023 (03:23:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0954.v1

Estimation and Factors Affecting Water Quality and Sustainability in the Private Dental Sector in Greece

Maria Antoniadou, Anestis Intzes, Christos Kladouchas, Iliana Christou, Stavroula Chatzigeorgiou, Martha Plexida, Valantis Stefanidakis, Ιoannis Tzoutzas

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: water quality; infection control; occupational practices; dental unit; dental office; waterlines; antiseptic protocols; water sustainability, environmentalism

Online: 12 May 2023 (13:40:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0888.v1

Triggering of an Epidemic Outbreak by Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Bio-Aerosols. Application to a Hypothetical Case for COVID-19

Bertrand R. Rowe, J. Brian A. Mitchell, André Canosa, Roland Draxler

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: airborne viruses; epidemic triggering; SARS-CoV2; infectious aerosol transport; long-distance atmospheric transport; epidemic risk assessment

Online: 12 May 2023 (05:11:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0587.v1

The Lavatory Lens: Tracking the Global Movement of Pathogens via Aircraft Wastewater

Aaron Bivins, Robert Morfino, Andrew Franklin, Stu Simpson, Warish Ahmed

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: air travel; infectious disease; sentinel surveillance; wastewater surveillance; aircraft

Online: 9 May 2023 (07:49:15 CEST)

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Modern commercial air travel connects disparate human populations with the global airline industry transporting up to 4.5 billion passengers annually in the years leading up to the COVID-19 pandemic. While such connections are convenient for commerce and tourism, air travel networks can also be efficient distributors of infectious diseases such as influenza, SARS-CoV-1, hemorrhagic fevers, and more recently SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox. During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health agencies used multi-layered control strategies including pre-departure testing and vaccination requirements, masking, post-arrival testing, and quarantine to manage the risk of COVID-19 transmission associated with air travel. Simultaneously, the surveillance of aircraft wastewater emerged as a promising new data source to screen for SARS-CoV-2 infections, including newly emergent lineages, among international air travelers. Herein, we review the potential of aircraft wastewater for public health surveillance. The known contributing population and flight itinerary combined with the highly concentrated waste stream and convenient sampling during routine lavatory servicing make aircraft wastewater a strategic opportunity for unintrusive surveillance of the global fluxes of human pathogens. We estimate for the cases of fecal- or urine-shed pathogens, sampling from 3,500 and 1,250 flights per week, respectively, would be required to survey 10% of all global long-haul flight passengers. In the case of the United States, achieving 10% coverage of all international arrivals would require sampling from 925 and 322 flights per week, respectively. Aircraft wastewater surveillance could also be integrated with network and infectious disease models to better inform traditional public health control measures during emerging epidemics. Given the tremendous potential for public good and the massive economic costs of epidemics, governments should consider international collaboration to create a global aircraft wastewater surveillance system.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0524.v1

Impact of National Tobacco Control Policy on Rates of Hospital Admission for Pneumonia: When Compliance Matters

Marine Gambaryan*, Anna Kontsevaya, Oxana Drapkina

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: tobacco control; tobacco control legislation; tobacco control measures; tobacco control implementation scale; interrupted time series design; pneumonia hospitalisation rates; smoking-related hospitalisation rates

Online: 8 May 2023 (10:48:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0483.v1

Causal Variables in the Association between Physical Well-Being and Chronic Pain: Results from a Cohort Study in Galicia (Northwest Spain)

Roya Karimi, Jesús Prego-Domínguez, Bahi Takkouche

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Chronic pain; confounding; interaction analysis; mediation analysis; physical well-being

Online: 8 May 2023 (08:50:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0449.v1

Use and Legislation of Glyphosate in Mexico: Healthcare, Healthy Environment and Drinking Water Access

Arizbeth Pérez-Martínez, Arely Vergara-Castañeda, Kytzia Mercado-Moreno, Christian Benítez-Núñez, Alma Cossette Guadarrama-Muñóz

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: glyphosate; Mexican legislation; environment; healthcare; water; pollution

Online: 8 May 2023 (05:02:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0432.v1

Persistence of SARS-Cov-2 Igg Antibody Response among South African Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study

Oladele Vincent Adeniyi, Oyewole Chris Durojaiye, Charity Masilela

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Humoral immune response; Persistence; South Africa

Online: 8 May 2023 (03:29:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0331.v1

The Association between Appetitive Traits, Body Mass Index and Eating Behaviors among Chinese Female College Students

Jun Liu, Liuxi Wang, Ahui Tao, Yuanyuan Deng, Yue Qiu, Yifei Cao, Shufen Han, Xiao Yan, Xianrong Xu, Xuexian Fang, Fuzhi Lian

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: female college student; appetitive traits; BMI; food choice; meal regularity; latent profile analysis

Online: 5 May 2023 (08:49:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0324.v1

Infection Control among Healthcare Workers and Management of a Scabies Outbreak in a Large Italian University Hospital

Stefania Sponselli, Luigi De Maria, Antonio Caputi, Pasquale Stefanizzi, Francesco Paolo Bianchi, Giuseppe Delvecchio, Caterina Foti, Paolo Romita, Francesca Ambrogio, Silvia Zagaria, Gianmarco Giannelli, Silvio Tafuri, Luigi Vimercati

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: scabies; outbreak; prevention protocol; healthcare workers

Online: 5 May 2023 (07:49:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0237.v1

Childhood Leukemia Increased Significantly in Wales and Scotland After Chernobyl: A Biological Explanation

Christopher Charles Busby

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: radiation; radioactivity; child leukemia; Chernobyl; public health

Online: 4 May 2023 (08:32:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1186.v1

Perspective on Air Quality Problems From Particulate Matter to the Health Crisis in Mainland Southeast Asia

Teerachai Amnuaylojaroen, Nichapa Parasin

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Air quality; Southeast Asia; PM2.5; Public health; Particulate matter

Online: 28 April 2023 (13:02:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1026.v1

A Social Cognitive Assessment of Workplace Sedentary Behavior among a Sample of University Employees

Amanda H. Wilkerson, Nuha Abutalib, Ny'Nika T. McFadden, Shristi Bhochhibhoya, Adriana Dragicevic, Bushra R. Salous, Vinayak K. Nahar

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: adults; worksite; sedentary behavior; social cognitive theory; workplace; health promotion

Online: 27 April 2023 (04:06:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0949.v1

Green Dental Environmentalism among Students and Dentists in Greece

Maria Antoniadou, Georgios Chrysochoou, Rafael Tzanetopoulos, Elena Riza

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: green dentistry; green dental settings; sustainable buildings, circular economy, green building; environmentalism, energy saving; willingness to pay; environmental belief

Online: 26 April 2023 (03:46:17 CEST)

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As in every workplace, human sustainability in dental enterprises is connected to air and water quality, eco-friendly and naturally designed working spaces and 4R’s culture. Purpose of this study is to access the preferences and knowledge on circular economy and green building construction in a sample of students and dentists in Greece. Students (N1=93) and dentists (N2= 126) filled in e-questionnaires from April to December 2022. The response rate was 17,88% for N1 and 1.94% for N2. Data revealed that both students and dentists lack knowledge on circular economy (N1=67.7%, N2=68,25%), EU regulations on amalgam disposal (N1=64.5%, N2=58.73%) and plastic recycling (N1=76.34%, N2=76,98) while they do recycle at home (N1= 80.6%, N2=82.54%) and have participated in voluntary environmental actions (N1=58.1%, N2=66.67%). Gender influences the importance of factors related to green dental practices, with women students being more prone to answer positively as important for increase costs for network changes (p=0.02), lack of environmental awareness of manufacturers (p=0.057), and poor wastewater management (p=0.01). Students from urban areas are more prone to answer positively for lack of state financial support (p=0.02), low level of green design in the building (p=0.03), low direct financial benefit of a green dental office (p=0.04), low benefit to the reputation of the green dental office (p=0.02), lack of continuing education training seminars on green dentistry (p=0.05). For dentists, no significant relationships were observed except of a weak positive relationship in increase in costs for changes related to utility networks (p=0.08) while increased wasteful energy (p=0.12) and waste of dental materials (p=0.19) seemed important only for dentists in urban areas. Women dentists were more prone to answer positively on wasting energy (p=0.024) and use of unapproved disinfection products (p=0.036). The findings contribute ideas and solutions on green dental office buildings and sustainable behaviors through educational activities and social perspective of factors such as age, experience in dentistry, gender, and urbanism. It also inspires future multi-disciplinary research on dental quality assurance, psychology of environmentalism, economics, and behavioral science in dentistry.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0777.v1

Comparison of Traditional Physical Intervention Techniques vs. Operational Tactical Procedures Techniques in the Use of Force During Police Arrests

José C. Vera-Jiménez, Domingo Villero-Carro, Andrés Pastor-Fernandez, James Shippen, Marta Ferreiro-González, José C. Vera-Jurado, José A. Álvarez, Jesús Ayuso

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Ergonomic; Occupational Risk Prevention; Police Physical Intervention; Use of Force; Operational Tactical Procedure; Motion Capture Technology

Online: 23 April 2023 (05:07:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0771.v1

A Multidisciplinary Vision of the Criminal, Social and Occupational Risk Consequences of the Use of Police Force

José C. Vera-Jiménez, Domingo Villero-Carro, Lucas González-Herrera, José A. Álvarez, Jesús Ayuso

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Use of force; IMUS; body injuries; forensic medicine; police arrest techniques; criminology; Op-erational Tactical Procedures

Online: 23 April 2023 (04:45:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0622.v1

A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research Literature and a Thematic Synthesis of Older LGBTQ People’s Experiences of Quality of Life, Minority Joy, Resilience, Minority Stress, Discrimination, and Stigmatization in Japan and Sweden

Anna Sofia Bratt, Ann-Christine Petersson Hjelm, Matilda Wurm, Richard Huntley, Yoshihisa Hirakawa, Tsukasa Muraya

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: aging; aged; sexual and gender minorities; quality of life; stereotyping; social discrimination

Online: 20 April 2023 (07:49:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0605.v1

PTEN Overexpression Alters Autophagy Levels and Slows Sodium Arsenite-Induced Hepatic Stellate Cell Fibrosis

Fei Huang, Guanxin Ding, Yanjie Yuan, Lijun Zhao, Wenmeng Ding, Shunhua Wu

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: inorganic arsenic; liver fibrosis; autophagy; Notch1/Hes1/PTEN

Online: 20 April 2023 (03:59:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0442.v1

The functional states of the participants of a marine Arctic expedition with different levels of vitamin D in blood

Natalia Simonova, Mariya Kirichek, Anna Trofimova, Yana Korneeva, Anna Trofimova, Rimma Korobitsyna, Tatiana Sorokina

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: functional state of a person; stress; working capacity; vitamin D; dynamic monitoring; adaptation; the Arctic

Online: 17 April 2023 (10:21:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0303.v1

Factors Associated with Atopic Dermatitis among Children Aged 6 To 14 Years in Alimosho Local Government, Lagos, Nigeria

Olubunmi Kayode, Charlotte M. Mokoatle, Phoka C. Rathebe, Thokozani Patrick Mbonane

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Atopic dermatitis; children; allergic; skin conditions; environmental factors

Online: 13 April 2023 (07:29:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0152.v1

Assessment of the Knowledge and Awareness of Leptospirosis among Households, Farmers, and Livestock Keepers in Unguja Island, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study

Gerald Dickson Mlowe, Olivier Kambere Kavulikirwa, Isaac Makundi, Abdul A. S. Katakweba, Robert S. Machang'u

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Leptospirosis; Awareness; Knowledge; Zoonosis; Health Risk; Prevention

Online: 10 April 2023 (05:26:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0073.v1

Vaping Greed: Perception, Social Media, Marketing, Public Health, and Toxicity

Yehao Sun, Chad Newton, Prital Prabhu, Alannah Dalton, Desjamebra Robinson, Dongmei Li, Scott McIntosh, Irfan Rahman

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Vaping; e-cigarettes; addiction; social; flavors; nicotine; toxicity

Online: 6 April 2023 (05:40:10 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0553.v2

The A(H5N1) Avian Influenza Virus at the Domestic Animal-Wildlife-Human Interface: Issues of Concern

Giovanni Di Guardo

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: A(H5N1) avian influenza virus; Influenza viruses; Virus host range; Zoonotic risk, Human exposure risk; Viral infection; Epidemiology

Online: 4 April 2023 (14:22:33 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0017.v1

Aircrew Health: A Systematic Review of Physical Agents as Occupational Risk Factors

Ana Carolina Russo, Elaine Cristina Marqueze, Mariana Souza Gomes Furst, Erika Alvim de Sá e Benevides, Rodrigo Caoduro Roscani, Celso Amorim Salim, Paulo Cesar Vaz Guimarães

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: systematic review; aircrew; occupational risk factors

Online: 3 April 2023 (08:24:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0283.v1

Development and Evaluation of a Workplace Bullying Cognitive Rehearsal-Based Nursing Simulation Education Program: A Mixed-Methods Study

Mijeong Park, Jeong Sil Choi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: cognitive rehearsal; coping skills; nursing education; simulation training; workplace bullying

Online: 16 February 2023 (09:36:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0289.v1

Effect of Fourth Industrial Revolution's Biological Driver on Construction Occupational Related Diseases in Gauteng, South Africa

Nuru Gambo, Innocent Musonda

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: South Africa; fourth industrial revolution’s biological drivers; health and safety; construction occupations; construction-related diseases

Online: 15 November 2022 (11:25:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0460.v1

HIV Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in Agricultural Workers: A Precarious and Vulnerable Workforce in South Africa

Nosimilo Mlangeni, Sophia Kisting, Jonathan Ramodike, Molebogeng Malotle, Yandisa Sikweyiya, Nikki Stuart-Thompson, Norman Sebe, Christine Du Preez, Muzimkhulu Zungu

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Occupation, vulnerable workers, Informal Economy, Occupational Health and Safety challenges, Health and Safety, low wage earners

Online: 31 October 2022 (01:41:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0177.v1

A South African Epidemiological Study of Fatal Drownings: 2016 – 2021

Jill Fortuin, Innocent Karangwa, Nongcebo Mahlalela, Cleeve Robertson

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: drowning; epidemiology; low-and-middle-income; South Africa

Online: 12 October 2022 (10:35:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0489.v1

How to Use Biomechanical Job Exposure Matrices (Jem) On Job History for Musculoskeletal Disorders? Mathematical Modeling on the Example of Severe Knee Pain in Constances

Guillaume Deltreil, Patrick Tardivel, Piotr Graczyk, Mikaël Escobar-Bach, Alexis Descatha

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Occupational; Musculskeletal; pain; lifecourse; mathematical modeling.

Online: 30 September 2022 (11:27:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0013.v1

Parental Presence, Deviant Behaviours and Alcohol/Drugs Use in Adolescents: The Results of the International Self-Report Delinquency Study 3

Barbara Gualco, Fabio Vaiano, Silvia Raddi, Silvia Taliento, Regina Rensi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: parental presence; alcohol and drug consumption; deviant behaviours; adolescents

Online: 1 August 2022 (08:52:00 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0323.v1

An Exploration of Rural-Urban Residence on Self-Reported Health Status with UK Cancer Survivors following Treatment: A Brief Report

David Nelson, Ian McGonagle, Christine Jackson, Ros Kane

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: rural health: urban health; health status; cancer survivors; United Kingdom

Online: 24 May 2022 (05:13:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0002.v1

Using Compass (Context Optimisation Model for Person-Centred Analysis and Systematic Solutions) Theory to Augment Implementation of Digital Health Solutions

Carey Mather, Helen Almond

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Digital; end-user; framework; health; implementation; learning; model; professional; research; social; theory

Online: 4 May 2022 (06:48:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0058.v1

Needlestick and Sharp Injuries among Hospital Healthcare Workers: An Infection Control Challenge in Saudi Arabia

Adil Abalkhail, Russell Kabir, Yousif Mohammed Elmosaad, Ameen S. S. Alwashmi, Fahad A. Alhumaydhi, Thamer Alslamah, Khalid A. Almoammar, Yasir A. Alsalamah, Ilias Mahmud

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Needlestick and other sharp injuries; hospital-acquired infection; biological hazards; infection control; occupational hazards

Online: 3 March 2022 (08:13:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0355.v1

Evaluation NO2 Detection Using Low-Cost Folded Path Photometer

Januar Arif Fatkhurrahman, Puji Lestari

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: DOAS; intercomparison; nitrogen dioxide; photoabsorption; spectrometer

Online: 19 November 2021 (13:10:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0528.v1

Short-Term Cumulative Exposure to Ambient Traffic-Related Black Carbon and Blood Pressure: MMDA Traffic Enforcers’ Health Study

Zypher Jude G. Regencia, Godofreda V. Dalmacion, Antonio D. Ligsay, Emmanuel S. Baja

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: black carbon; systolic blood pressure; diastolic blood pressure; sex; obesity; traffic enforcers

Online: 30 September 2021 (16:08:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0334.v1

A Comparative Analysis of the New Mexico Organic and Conventional Producer: Implications for Occupational Safety and Health Research and Practice

Carolyn A Parshall, Francisco Soto Mas, Fares Qeadan

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: organic producer; organic practices; surveillance data; health and safety

Online: 20 September 2021 (13:40:18 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Occupational Health and Safety in Mining: Predictive Probabilities of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Use among Artisanal Goldminers in Ghana

Simon Appah Aram, Benjamin M. Saalidong, Augustine Appiah, Idongesit Bassey Utip

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Artisanal mining; PPE; Occupational factors; Occupational health and safety

Online: 13 September 2021 (08:43:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0540.v1

Prevalence of Smokeless Tobacco Use in India and Its Association With Occupations: A LASI Study

Bhavna Bharati, Kirti Sundar Sahu, Sanghamitra Pati

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Smokeless tobacco; India; Ageing; Occupation; Tobacco consumption

Online: 30 August 2021 (11:49:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0580.v1

Physical Activity, Mental Health and Wellbeing of Irish Adolescents during Covid-19 Restrictions. A Re-Issue of the Physical Activity and Wellbeing Study (PAWS)

John Murphy, Bronagh McGrane, Mary Rose Sweeney

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Exercise; Sport; Team Sport; Resilience; Identity; Health; School

Online: 26 July 2021 (14:24:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0247.v1

Implications of Health, Safety and Environmental Conditions on Artisanal Goldminers’ Self-protection at Work in Ghana

Simon Appah Aram, Benjamin M. Saalidong, Augustine Appiah

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Artisanal mining; Environment; Goldmining; Health; Safety; Self-protection

Online: 9 June 2021 (08:55:06 CEST)

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The nature of Artisanal mining in Ghana exposes its workers to various levels of health, safety and environmental (HSE) threats. These miners are mostly liable for their own HSE state at work. In an attempt to understand the HSE dynamics of artisanal miners, this study sought to assess the effect of HSE conditions on self-protection at work by artisanal goldminers in Ghana. A nested binary logistic regression model was fitted to a cross sectional survey of 500 artisanal goldminers while controlling for compositional and contextual factors. Of the HSE conditions, only health (OR= 1.653, p<0.001) and safety conditions (OR= 1.935, p<0.001) were robust in predicting self-protection in all three models. Goldminers who reported good health and safety conditions were more likely to fully protect themselves at work as compared to their counterparts who reported poor health and safety conditions. For compositional factors, female goldminers were 84% less likely to protect themselves. Miners who had senior high (OR= 1.759, p<0.001) or tertiary education (OR= 1.875, p<0.001) were more likely to protect themselves at work as compared to those with no formal education. Likewise, miners who undertook routine medical checkups (OR= 2.533, p<0.001) and the most experienced miners (OR= 2.734, p<0.001) were more likely to protect themselves at work. Counterintuitively, miners who earned more monthly income ($174 and above) were less likely to protect themselves. At the contextual level, miners who worked in non-production departments (OR= 2.001, p<0.001) and miners who worked in the medium scale subsector (OR= 5.311, p<0.001) were more likely to protect themselves at work. To increase consciousness of self-protection in artisanal mining, there is the need for a national dialogue on how to improve HSE conditions and in the absence of legislation, the complexities in managing HSE in the sector needs to be decoupled to achieve fair and standard HSE conditions as championed by the World Health Organization.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0204.v1

Getting out of Crises: Environmental, Social-ecological and Evolutionary Research Needed to Avoid Future Risks of Pandemics

Delphine Destoumieux-Garzon, Franziska Matthies-Wiesler, Nicolas Bierne, Aurélie Binot, Jérôme Boissier, Anais Devouge, Jeanne Garric, Kim Gruetzmacher, Christoph Grunau, Jean-François Guégan, Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès, Anke Huss, Serge Morand, Clare Palmer, Denis Sarigiannis, Roel Vermeulen, Robert Barouki

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: One Health; Planetary Health; Pandemics; Ecology; Evolution; Environment; Climate change; Biodiversity loss; Emergence; Pathogen

Online: 8 June 2021 (09:34:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0557.v1

Wastewater-based SARS-CoV-2 Environmental Monitoring for Piedmont, Italy

Angelo Robotto, David Lembo, Paola Quaglino, Enrico Brizio, Denis Polato, Andrea Civra, Jessica Cusato, Giovanni Di Perri

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater; treatment; plant; Environmental Virology Monitoring and Surveillance; E gene

Online: 24 May 2021 (10:35:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0168.v2

Awareness of Adverse Health Effects of Silica Dust Exposure Among Stone Quarry Workers in Ghana

Dzifa Francis Ahadzi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: awareness, adverse health effects, exposure, stone quarry workers, silica dust

Online: 13 May 2021 (11:02:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0778.v1

Analysis of Public Opinion on Fake Information during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Literature Review

Nadhira Meizahra, Tia Ivanka Wardani, Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Covid-19, fake news, health protocols, belief

Online: 29 April 2021 (14:31:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0168.v1

Awareness of Adverse Health Effects of Silica Dust Exposure Among Stone Quarry Workers in Ghana

Dzifa Francis Ahadzi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: awareness, adverse health effects, exposure, stone quarry workers, silica dust

Online: 6 April 2021 (10:17:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0597.v1

Surveillance for COVID-19 in the English Football League 2019-2020

Subhashis Basu, Richard Higgins, Aneil Malhotra, Imtiaz Ahmad

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Surveillance; COVID; Football; Infection; Professional; PCR; Elite

Online: 26 February 2021 (08:59:29 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0306.v1

Quarantine and COVID-19

Michelle Flores, Sepideh Alasvand Zarasvand

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Quarantine; COVID-19; Physical activity

Online: 12 February 2021 (14:39:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0267.v1

Exploring the Knowledge Levels of Bankers on Health Risks of Overweight and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study, Ghana

Justice Jonathan, Stephen Baba, Etornam Kwawudade Kezia, Solomon Abambila, Charity Gyan, Ifunanya Okonkwo Chinenye

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Knowledge; Overweight; Obesity; Body Mass Index; Health Risks

Online: 14 January 2021 (12:47:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0046.v1

Model for Causes Elimination of Staff Resistance to Innovative Change: evidence from Lithuanian Health Care Institutions

Rolandas Drejeris, Egle Drejeriene

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: health care, innovation, resistance, staff behavior, employment relationship, strategy, organizational climate

Online: 4 January 2021 (13:25:12 CET)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Law and Regulations to Control Pesticide Exposure Among the General Population: Comparing the Australian and the European Union Pesticide Regulatory System

Maisarah Nasution Waras, Kateryna Babina, Ismaniza Ismail, Claire E. Lenehan

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: pesticide regulation; pesticide exposure; pesticide policy; non-occupational pesticide exposure; human health; pesticide pollution

Online: 4 December 2020 (15:09:18 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Does Urban Landscape Composition and Configuration Regulate Heat-Related Health Risk? A Spatial Regression-Based Study in World’s Dense City Delhi, India

Suvamoy Pramanik, Milap Punia, Saurav Chakraborty

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Urban Heat Island; Heat-Related Health Risk (HRHR); Urban Landscape Metrics (ULM); Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA); Spatial Error (SE) Regression; NCT-Delhi.

Online: 2 November 2020 (13:53:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0341.v1

SARS-CoV-2 and Environmental Samples: A Methodological Approach to Have Consistent and Comparable Results

Angelo Robotto, Paola Quaglino, David Lembo, Marcello Morello, Enrico Brizio, Luisella Bardi, Andrea Civra

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; airborne transmission; environmental virology; bioaerosol; wastewater samples

Online: 16 October 2020 (08:26:10 CEST)

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Since the beginning of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, large attention has been focused on the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 diffusion and environment. As a matter of fact, clear evidence of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via respiratory aerosol would be of primary importance; at the same time, checking the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater can be extremely useful to control the diffusion of the disease. Up to now, many studies report SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in indoor/outdoor air samples or water/wastewater samples that can differ by order of magnitude. Unfortunately, complete information about the scientific approach of many studies is still missing, relating to: samplers and sampling materials performances, recovery tests, measurement uncertainty, robustness, detection and quantification limits, infectivity of captured virus, virus degradation during sampling, influence of sample pre-treatments (included freezing) on results, effects of inhibitors, sample alterations due to manipulation, validation of methods and processes, quality assurance according to ISO/IEC 17025 requirements.Based on the first experiences focused on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in environmental samples such as air quality filters, air-liquid impingers and wastewater samples, the present study describes a coherent preliminary approach to SARS-CoV-2 environmental sampling in order to overcome the evident lack of standardization. Three aspects are highlighted here: the first solution to assure quality and consistency to environmental sampling relies on the development of recovery tests using standard materials and investigating sampling materials, sampling techniques, sampling durations, sample conservation and pre-treatments; secondly, in order to overcome the shortcomings of every single sampling technique, coupling different samplers in parallel sampling could be an efficient strategy to collect more information and make data more reliable, in particular for air samples; finally, with regards to airborne virus sampling, the results could be confirmed by simplified emission and dilution models.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0453.v1

One Health Landscape in Sub-Saharan African Countries

Folorunso Oludayo Fasina, Olubunmi G. Fasanmi, Yilma J. Makonnen, Charles Bebay, Bernard Bett, Kristina Roesel

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: one health; Africa; public health; animal health; environment health; zoonosis; emerging and re-emerging diseases; food safety; antimicrobial resistance; toxicosis

Online: 19 September 2020 (10:05:32 CEST)

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An evaluation of emerging issues in One Health (OH) in Sub-Saharan Africa was undertaken to map the existing OH initiatives in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Desk review, expert opinions survey, limited interviews and wider consultations with selected OH stakeholders were conducted. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to OH initiatives were identified. OH influence, interest and impacts were evaluated. One Health is transiting from multidisciplinary to transdisciplinary concepts and OH viewpoint should move from ‘proxy for zoonoses’, to include issues of climate change, nutrition and food safety, social sciences, geography, policy and planning, economics, welfare and well-being, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), vector-borne diseases, toxicosis and pesticides issues. While the identified major strengths should be boosted, the weaknesses should be addressed.OH Networks in SSA were spatially and temporally spread across SSA and stakeholders were classified as key, latent, marginal and OH defenders. Imbalance in stakeholders’ representation led to hesitation in buying-in from stakeholders who are outside the main networks. Theory of change, monitoring and evaluation frameworks, and tools to standardized evaluation of OH policies is needed for sustained future of OH and the future OH engagement should be outputs and outcomes-driven and not activity-driven.National roadmap for OH implementation and institutionalization is necessary and proofs of concepts in OH should be verified and scaled-up. Dependence on external funding is unsustainable and must be addressed. Necessary policy and legal instrument to support OH nationally and sub-nationally should be implemented taking cognizance of contemporary issues like urbanization, endemic poverty and other emerging issues. Utilizing current technologies and OH approach to address ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 and other emerging diseases is desirable. Finally, OH implementation should be anticipatory and not reactive to significantly benefit budgeting and contain disease outbreaks in animal sources before the risk of spillover to human can be envisaged.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0450.v1

WHIRL Study: Workplace Health Interprofessional Learning in the Construction Industry

Holly Blake, Sarah Somerset, Katharine Whittingham, Matthew Middleton, Mehmet Yildirim, Catrin Evans

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: workplace; health promotion; public health; health checks; education; construction

Online: 20 August 2020 (09:42:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0416.v1

Outcomes of Food Handlers’ Medical Examinations Conducted at An Occupational Health Clinic in Zimbabwe

Dingani Moyo, Florence Moyo

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: food handlers; medical examinations; fitness; radiology; rectal and throat swabs

Online: 19 August 2020 (12:15:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0390.v1

Evaluation of the School Water, Sanitation and Hygiene National Strategic Implementation Plan (2012 -2017) in Ukerewe District, North-Western Tanzania

Joshua Ngimbwa, Namanya Basinda, Anthony Kapesa, Sosprato Ngallaba

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: school; water; sanitation and hygiene

Online: 18 August 2020 (12:07:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0284.v1

How Parks Provide Thermal Comfort Perception in the Metropolitan Cores; A Case Study in Madrid Mediterranean Climatic Zone

Farshid Aram, Ebrahim Solgi, Sepideh Baghaee, Ester Higueras García, Amir Mosavi, S. Band

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Park cooling effect; Urban Heat Island; Thermal comfort; Perceived Thermal Comfort; Physiological Equivalent Temperature; Cognitive Maps

Online: 12 August 2020 (11:32:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0152.v1

Practical Approach to Assessment of Effectiveness and Efficiency of Management Systems for Occupational Safety

Andrei Nikulin, Irina Klimova, Eva Mrackova

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: occupational safety; management systems for occupational safety; OSHMS; efficiency; effectiveness criterion; effectiveness indicator; generalized desirability indicator; Harrington function

Online: 6 August 2020 (10:29:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0577.v1

Mechanistic Modelling of Coronavirus Infections and the Impact of Confined Neighbourhoods on a Short Time Scale

Danish Ahmed, Ali Ansari, Mudassar Imran, Kamaludin Dingle, Naveed Ahmed, Michael Bonsall

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; SARS-CoV2; Random walks; Population dispersal; Diffusion; Lockdown; Confinement; Movement restrictions; Disease spread; Kuwait

Online: 24 July 2020 (10:57:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0188.v1

Sickle Cell Disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Assessing Physicians’ Knowledge and Practices

Benoît MBIYA-MUKINAYI, Ghislain Tumba Disashi, Béatrice Gulbis

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: sickle cell disease; knowledge assessment; practices; physicians; Democratic Republic of Congo

Online: 14 June 2020 (17:29:23 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Public Perceptions and Commitment to Social Distancing during COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey in Saudi Arabia

Abdu Aldarhami, Abdulrhman S. Bazaid, Omar W. Althomali, Naif K. Binsaleh

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV2; Public AwareneSs; Public Practice; Social Distancing and Saudi Arabia

Online: 31 May 2020 (21:27:01 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0467.v1

Atmospheric Conditions Affecting the Transmission of Covid-19 Virus

Dr. Purva Shoor, Dr Gagan Deep Kaur, Dr Amanjot Kaur Chauhan

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Covid-19; SARS-CoV; Environmental factors; Air pollution; Smoking; Air temperature

Online: 29 May 2020 (13:02:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0338.v1

Community Pharmacy Response to Infection Control during COVID-19. A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Zachary Sum, Charmane Ow

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: pharmacy practice; infection control; sanitation; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; pharmacists; public health; workplace safety

Online: 21 May 2020 (08:37:52 CEST)

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Background: Australia received its first case of coronavirus on 25 January 2020. Since then the demands of COVID-19 has presented unparalleled levels of strain on the public healthcare systems in the country. In this time of crisis, pharmacists and community pharmacy staff have modified work strategies according to the rapidly changing environment. With a delayed dissemination of resources and guidelines, pharmacist and pharmacies are practicing innovative infection control methods across Australia to protect their staff, patients and the community. This article seeks to explore the current activities undertaken by pharmacists in various community pharmacy settings across Australia in relation to the safety of the workplace environments for staff and patients. Information collected can help inform future decisions in pandemic preparation for pharmacies in response to similar health crisis now and in the future. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey study was conducted in Australia during the COVID-19 outbreak from 1^st to 30^th April 2020. The questionnaire addressed community pharmacist’s awareness and response to infection and sanitation control. Results: A total of 137 pharmacists took part in the survey, with almost half (45.26%) belonging to the age group of 25 to 34 years. Community pharmacy formed the bulk (89.05%) of the respondent’s primary place of practice. There was a good uptake of safety measures by pharmacists and their pharmacies to protect staff and patients. However the task of reassigning high health risk staff was not heavily practiced (34.31%). Regular cleaning took place in the pharmacy, but the use of gloves while cleaning was not practiced in 48.18% of respondents. In addition, only 46.72% of respondents reported observing script baskets being cleaned and disinfected. About one-third (37.96%) of pharmacists were aware of the two-step cleaning and disinfecting process, but only 18.98% of pharmacists reported observing or performing this sanitation procedure. More than half of surveyed pharmacists reported having difficulty keeping up with infection control changes and pharmacy practice guidelines during the pandemic. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the majority of pharmacists are not fully aware of the infection control measures needed in a community pharmacy setting. The influx of coronavirus updates has made it difficult for pharmacists to implement accurate procedures on some aspects of workplace hygiene, which may have led to some gaps in infection control measures. Pharmacists must aim to uphold their public health ambassador role and aim to keep up-to-date with professional guidance to provide the necessary infection control measures to ensure staff, patient and public health safety.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0244.v1

The Cost of Lost Productivity due to Premature Chagas Disease-Related Mortality: Evidence from Colombia (2010-2017)

Mario J. Olivera, Francisco Palencia-Sánchez, Martha Riaño-Casallas

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Chagas disease; cost of illness; mortality premature; efficiency; organizational; life expectancy

Online: 15 April 2020 (10:18:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0150.v1

Disparities in Smoking Cessation Outcomes among Multi-ethnic Pregnant Smokers in San Bernardino County, CA: Findings from the Loma Linda University Health Comprehensive Tobacco Treatment Program

Anne Berit Petersen, Temidayo Ogunrinu, Shane Wallace, Jane Yun, Juan Carlos Belliard, Pramil Singh

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: maternal smoking; post partum smoking; health education

Online: 15 January 2020 (12:15:54 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0082.v1

Safety Hazards on the Farm and Intervention Recommendations

Ravinder Thaper, T'Anya Carter, Melanie Hayes, Charles Boyd, Priyanka Parab

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: noise; noise induced hearing loss; noise apps; weather stressors; psychological stressors; tractor safety; seatbelt use; dust; air quality

Online: 6 December 2019 (11:37:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0388.v1

Social Noise Exposure in the Sample of Slovak University Students

Alexandra Filova, Jana Jurkovicova, Katarina Hirosova, Diana Vondrova, Barbora Filova, Martin Samohyl, Jana Babjakova, Juraj Stofko, Lubica Argalasova

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: social noise; auditory, non-auditory noise effects; personal music players; university students

Online: 30 November 2019 (10:07:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0276.v1

Quality of Graduate Health and Safety Education Programs: A General Model Illustrated with Examples of Nine (post)Graduate Courses in Europe

Wim Van Wassenhove, Paul Swuste, Francisco J. Forteza, José M. Carretero-Gomez, Pedro Arezes, Jouni Kivistö-Rahnasto, Gilles Motet, Kelly Reyniers, Asun Galera, David Wenham

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: occupational health and safety education; quality of health and safety education; health and safety education best practices

Online: 24 November 2019 (13:14:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0255.v1

Identifying Modern Slavery through Occupational Hygiene Conditions of Nineteenth-Century Slaves

Gairo Oliveira Garreto, João Santos Baptista, Antônia Mota, António Torres Marques

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Brazil; slavery; modern slavery; occupational hygiene; rural

Online: 21 May 2019 (03:04:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0165.v1

Self-Reported Exposure to ETS (Environmental Tobacco Smoke), Urinary Cotinine and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Pregnant Women – the Pilot Study

Lubica Argalasova, Ingrid Zitnanova, Diana Vondrova, Monika Dvorakova, Lucia Laubertova, Jana Jurkovicova, Juraj Stofko, Michael Weitzman, Martin Simko

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS); pregnant women; questionnaire; urinary cotinine; oxidative stress parameters

Online: 15 March 2019 (14:03:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0422.v1

Occupational Noise Induced Hearing Loss in the Mining Sector in South Africa: How Are Mineworkers Trained—Perspective from Occupational Health Personnels

Nomfundo Moroe

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: awareness; education; hearing loss; mineworkers; occupational health; health literacy; audiologists

Online: 18 October 2018 (12:04:09 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0145.v1

Geriatric Medicine in Malaysia- Riding the Wave of Political Change

Maw Pin Tan, Shahrul B Kamaruzzaman, Philip J H Poi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Aged; Geriatrics; Successful Ageing; Care Quality; Health Systems; Training

Online: 8 October 2018 (12:34:05 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0100.v1

Sleep in Hospitalized Patients

Anne Morse, Evin Bender

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Hospitalized patients, sleep wake dysfunction, sleep disorders, circadian rhythm, sleep apnea

Online: 5 September 2018 (14:49:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0462.v1

A Comparison of the Visual Perceptual Processing Skills of Children (6-10 Years Old) with and without Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV) Using the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-3^rd Edition (TVPS-3) in Harare, Zimbabwe.

Bianca Chinembiri, Chen Wei, Zhang Ming, Shang Kai

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Key words: Occupational therapy, visual perceptual skills, Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-3 (TVPS-3), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

Online: 27 August 2018 (13:36:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0408.v1

Maritime Workers’ Quality of Life: Organizational Culture, Self-efficacy, and Perceived Fatigue

Jae hee Kim, Soong-nang Jang

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: quality of work life; organizational culture; organizational support; self-efficacy; maritime workers; culture-work-health model

Online: 23 July 2018 (10:00:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0259.v1

Psychological Resilience and Occupational Injuries

Simo Salminen, Pia Perttula, Vuokko Puro

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: work accidents; drivers; waste; Finland

Online: 16 July 2018 (07:54:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0178.v1

European Web-Based Platform for Recording International Health Regulations Ship Sanitation Certificates: Results and Perspectives

Varvara A. Mouchtouri, Diederik Van Reusel, Nikolaos Bitsolas, Antonis Katsioulis, Raf Van den Bogaert, Björn Helewaut, Inge Steenhout, Dion Damman, Miguel Dávila Cornejo, Christos Hadjichristodoulou, EU SHIPSAN ACT joint action partnership

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: international health regulations; ship sanitation certificates; inspection; ship, travel; maritime health; sanitation

Online: 10 July 2018 (12:23:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0495.v1

Effectiveness of a Group B outer Membrane Vesicle Meningococcal Vaccine in Preventing Hospitalization from Gonorrhea in New Zealand: a Retrospective Cohort Study

Janine Paynter, Felicity Goodyear-Smith, Jane Morgan, Peter Saxton, Steve Black, Helen Petousis-Harris

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Gonorrhea; Outer membrane vesicle vaccine; Group B meningococcus; Cohort study; New Zealand

Online: 29 June 2018 (16:29:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0491.v1

On the nature of evidence and 'proving' causality: smoking and lung cancer vs. sun exposure, vitamin D and multiple sclerosis

Robyn Lucas, Rachael Rodney Harris

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: epidemiology, causality, association, smoking, lung cancer, vitamin D, sun exposure, multiple sclerosis

Online: 29 June 2018 (15:42:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0457.v1

Prevailing over Adversity: Factors Counteracting the Long-Term Negative Health Influences of Social and Material Disadvantages in Youth

Ylva B Almquist, Evelina Landstedt, Josephine Jackisch, Kristiina Rajaleid, Hugo Westerlund, Anne Hammarström

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: disadvantages; living conditions; longitudinal; resilience; self-rated health; youth

Online: 28 June 2018 (05:10:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0438.v1

Human Consequences of Multiple Nuclear Detonations in New Delhi, India

Samir Desai, William Bell, Curtis Harris, Cham Dallas

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: nuclear; detonations; trauma; thermal burn; radiation; fallout; New Delhi; India; Pakistan

Online: 27 June 2018 (10:06:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0111.v1

Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Effects on Physical and Mental Health of Slovak School Children

Ludmila Sevcikova, Jana Babjakova, Jana Jurkovicova, Martin Samohyl, Zuzana Stefanikova, Erika Machacova, Diana Vondrova, Etela Janekova, Katarina Hirosova, Alexandra Filova, Michael Weitzman, Lubica Argalasova

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS); Slovak school children; mental health; physical health; Columbia Impairment Scale; Behavioral Problem Index

Online: 7 May 2018 (09:23:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0375.v1

Respiratory Condition of Family Farmers Exposed to Pesticides in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Rafael J. Buralli, Helena Ribeiro, Thais Mauad, Luís F. Amato-Lourenço, João M. Salge, Fredi A. Diaz-Quijano, Renata S. Leão, Rejane C. Marques, Daniele S. Silva, Jean Remy Davée Guimarães

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: pesticides; spirometry; respiratory symptoms; cholinesterase; rural workers; family farmers

Online: 29 April 2018 (10:25:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0351.v1

Smoking Topography among Korean Smokers: Intensive Smoking Behavior with Larger Puff Volume and Shorter Interpuff Interval

Sungroul Kim, Sol Yu

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: topography; cotinine; fagerstrom score; addiction

Online: 27 April 2018 (06:21:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0329.v1

Understanding Intersectionality and Resiliency among Transgender Adolescents: Exploring Pathways among Peer Victimization, School Belonging, and Drug Use

Tyler Hatchel, Robert Marx

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: school connectedness; substance abuse; LGBTQ youth; bullying

Online: 26 April 2018 (04:47:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0315.v1

Comparing the Effects of Different Body Armour Systems on the Occupational Performance of Police Officers

Ben Schram, Robin Orr, Rodney Pope, Ben Hinton, Geoff Norris

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: light armour; personal protective equipment; load; law enforcement; occupational tasks

Online: 24 April 2018 (09:47:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0272.v1

Cardiovascular Health of Construction Workers in Hong Kong: A Cross-Sectional Study

Joanne Wai-Yee Chung, Bonny Yee-Man Wong, Vincent Chun-Man Yan, Louisa Ming-Yan Chung, Henry Chi-Fuk So, Albert Chan

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: construction industry; heart health; lifestyle behaviors; healthy eating; physical activity

Online: 20 April 2018 (14:59:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0178.v1

Global Asbestos Disaster

Sugio Furuya, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, Ken Takahashi, Annette David, Jukka Takala

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: asbestos; ban; global estimates, costs

Online: 13 April 2018 (13:07:31 CEST)

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Background. Asbestos has been used for thousands of years but in a large industrial scale for about 100–150 years. The first identified disease was asbestosis, a type of incurable pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos dust and fibres. The latest estimate of global number of asbestosis deaths from the Global Burden of Disease estimate 2016 is 3495. Asbestos caused cancer was identified in the late 1930’s but despite of today’s overwhelming evidence of the strong carcinogenicity of all asbestos types including chrysotile it is still widely used globally. Various estimates have been made over time including those of WHO and ILO 107,000–112,000 deaths. Present estimates are radically higher. This special edition of the Journal summarizes key aspects of the past and present of the asbestos problem globally. Methods. Documentation on milestones of asbestos related diseases, ARDs, their recognition, reporting, compensation and prevention efforts were examined, in particular from the regulatory and prevention point of view. Estimated global numbers of incidence and mortality of ARDs were looked at. Results. Asbestos causes an estimated 257,000 deaths (243,223–270,635) annually according to latest knowledge. Work-related exposures are responsible for 235,000 deaths (222,322–247,363) of those. In the European Union, USA and in other High income economies (WHO regional classification) the direct costs for sickness, early retirement and death, including production losses, have been estimated to be very high, in the Western European countries and EU equivalent of 0.70% of the GDP or 114.9*109 USD. Intangible costs could be much higher. When applying the Value of Statistical Life (VSL) of 4 million EUR per cancer death used by the European Commission we arrived 5at 410*109 USD while the human suffering and loss of life is impossible to quantify. The numbers and costs are increasing practically in every country and region in the world. Asbestos has been banned in 55 countries but used widely today, some 2,030,000 tons consumed annually according to latest available consumption data. Every 20 tons of asbestos produced and consumed kills a person somewhere in the world. Buying 1 kg asbestos powder format e.g. in Asia costs some 0.38 USD and 20 tons would cost in such retail market 7600 USD. Conclusions. Present efforts to eliminate this man-made problem, in fact an epidemiological disaster, and preventing exposures leading to it are insufficient in most countries in the world. Applying programmes and policies, such as those on the elimination of all kind of asbestos use—that is banning of new asbestos use and tight control and management of existing structures containing asbestos—need revision and resources. The ILO/WHO Joint Programme for the Elimination of Asbestos-related Diseases need to be revitalized. Exposure limits do not protect properly against cancer but for asbestos removal and equivalent exposure elimination work we propose a limit value of 1000 fibres/m³.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0123.v1

Environmental Lead Exposure and Adult Literacy in Myanmar: An Exploratory Study of Potential Associations at the Township Level

Robert C. MacTavish, Liam W. Remillard, Colleen M. Davison

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: lead exposure; adult literacy; global health; environmental health; Myanmar

Online: 10 April 2018 (09:51:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0086.v1

Continuous Health Promotion and Participatory Ergonomics in a Small Company

Nicola Magnavita

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: workplace; health promotion; work-related stress; anxiety; depression; participatory ergonomics; wellbeing; best practice; work organization

Online: 12 February 2018 (09:09:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0061.v1

Ozlem Koseoglu Ornek, Erdem Sevim

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Work-related stress; occupational stress; coping profile; garment workers; textile workers

Online: 7 February 2018 (10:26:49 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0075.v1

Obstacles and Perspectives. Considerations on Health Promotion Activities Performed for Older Workers in Europe

Nicola Magnavita

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: health promotion; ageing; workplace; occupational health; effectiveness; salutogenesis; holistic medicine; subsidiarity; participatory approach; setting

Online: 9 January 2018 (07:26:56 CET)

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Public Health and Healthcare