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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0330.v1

Male Sterility and Somatic Hybridization in Plant Breeding

Laura Garcia, Alejandro Edera, Carlos Marfil, Maria Sanchez-Puerta

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: incompatibility; male sterility; mitochondria; somatic hybrid; recombination

Online: 29 July 2019 (05:21:51 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0127.v1

Sex Determining Mechanisms in Bivalves

Sophie Breton, Charlotte Capt, Davide Guerra, Donald Stewart

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: sex determination; exual systems; bivalvia; mitochondria

Online: 30 June 2017 (07:28:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0039.v1

Curcumin a Multifaceted Compound with Hormetic Behaviour that Mediates an Intricate Crosstalk between Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Mitophagy, Mitophagic Death and Apoptosis

Nathan Earl Rainey, Aoula Moustapha, Raphaelle Parker, Patrice Xavier Petit

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: apoptosis; autophagy; cancer; crosstalk; curcumin; endoplasmic reticulum; hormatic behavior; lysosomes; mitochondria

Online: 10 January 2017 (03:46:51 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1903.v1

Exploring Autophagy in Treating Spike Protein-related Pathology

Matthew T.J. Halma, Paul E. Marik, Yusuf M. Saleeby

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Fasting; autophagy; long-COVID; post-vaccination syndrome; spike protein; mitochondria; mitophagy

Online: 27 June 2023 (12:33:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0060.v1

Impact of Soft Tissue Pathophysiology in the Development and Maintenance of Bisphosphonate Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (BRONJ)

Thomas Ziebart, Sebastian Blatt, Junho Jung, Andreas Pabst, Christian Walter, Frank Halling, Paul Heymann, Andreas Neff, Leonardo Righesso

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: gingiva; bisphosphonate; soft tissue; fibroblasts; keratinocytes; bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaws

Online: 15 October 2016 (08:03:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0003.v6

Farey Sequences and the Riemann Hypothesis

Darrell Cox

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: Riemann hypothesis, Farey sequence, Gauss sum associated with a Dirichlet character

Online: 10 August 2016 (11:35:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0001.v1

ESWT Enhances Expression of Pdia-3 which is a Key Factor of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Rapid Membrane Signaling Pathway in Treatment of Early Osteoarthritis Knee

Shan-Ling Hsu, Jai-Hong Cheng, Ching-Jen Wang, Jih-Yang Ko, Chih-Hsiang Hsu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: protein-disulfide isomerase-associated 3; osteoarthritis; extracorporeal shockwave therapy; 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 signaling pathway; two dimensional electrophoresis

Online: 1 September 2016 (10:47:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1306.v1

Exploring Therapeutic Applications of Autophagy in Spike Protein-Related Pathology

Matthew Halma, Paul Marik, Yusuf Saleeby

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Fasting; autophagy; long-COVID; post-vaccination syndrome; spike protein; mitochondria; mitophagy

Online: 19 June 2023 (07:39:57 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0043.v1

Arms Race between Enveloped Viruses and the Host ERAD Machinery

Dylan A. Frabutt, Yong-Hui Zheng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: enveloped viruses; viral glycoproteins; endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation; ERAD; unfolded protein response; UPR; ER stress

Online: 4 August 2016 (11:44:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0155.v1

Cancer-associated Fibroblasts: Origins, Heterogeneity and Functions in Tumor Microenvironment

Kevin Dzobo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Tumor microenvironment; tumor stroma; cancer-associated fibroblasts; heterogeneity; biomarkers; cancer; The Cancer Genome Atlas; gene expression; computational biology

Online: 15 January 2020 (12:56:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0068.v2

Classical and Novel TSPO Ligands for the Mitochondrial TSPO can Modulate Nuclear Gene Expression: Implications for Mitochondrial Retrograde Signaling

Nasra Yasin, Leo Veenman, Sukhdev Singh, Maya Azrad, Julia Bode, Alex Vainshtein, Bea Caballero, Ilan Marek, Moshe Gavish

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: modulation of nuclear gene expression; mitochondrial 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO); TSPO ligand; PK 11195; 2-Cl-MGV-1; retrograde mitochondrial-nuclear signaling pathway; microscopy; mitochondria; cell nucleus

Online: 17 March 2017 (17:28:28 CET)

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Working Paper REVIEW

A New Perspective of Genetic Associations to the Cause of Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of Genes Expressed on Chromosomes 2 and 5

Robin Terese Montesano

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: multiple sclerosis; MS; cause; genes; polygenic; heredity; autoimmune; diet; depression; fatigue; suicide; seizures; bowel disorders; thyroid; mitochondria; chromosome 2; chromosome 5; glial cells; sunlight; vitamin D3; ultraviolet radiation; melanocyte stimulating hormone; melanocyte concentrating hormone; stress

Online: 22 July 2019 (04:37:27 CEST)

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The literature on the causation of multiple sclerosis (MS), both genetic and environmental, extends over hundreds of years, with no firm conclusions on the exact role of autoimmunity and lifestyle. The epidemiology of MS was the basis for this review, but with a new, extensive examination of genes pertaining to each disorder, and disease of first, and second, degree relatives of those with MS. The author’s motivation was to discover some relationship between MS, and notable familial conditions, as the heredity of MS is concluded to be 30%, and the disorders had a chronic and/or idiopathic nature. This investigation hoped to further understand the randomness of MS- who acquires it, and what symptoms develop- after the author’s decades of observing several incidences of multiple members developing MS in a single family. Online databases for the human genome were used to link genes to MS, and symptoms, including excessive depression, fatigue and suicide rates, in coordination with linking genes for specific familial conditions including seizures, stroke, mental illness, bowel disorders, and thyroid conditions. Interesting associations were found, notably a cluster of Th2 cytokines, known to cure the animal model of MS, important receptors for neurotransmitters and hormones, a gene specific to Epstein Barr Virus, and potential genes for mitochondrial dysfunction. The results surprised the author, showing polygenic regions of chromosome 2 and 5, especially a cluster at loci 5q31-q33, may be dysregulated. The conclusion agrees with past hypotheses MS results not from a single gene, but from various genes, including those expressed in glial cells. The individual theories to the causation of MS, starting with Charcot may be explained by multiple pathways converging into a single disease outcome. In coordination with a sunlight factor, chromosome 2 appears to mediate the immune system, and inflammation, through ultraviolet radiation producing vitamin D3 in the skin, but additionally through peptides formed in the melanocyte stimulating and concentrating hormone class. The impact of stress in MS could be primary, given the loci of several stress-related and stress-modulated genes on these chromosomes, and calls for more appreciation of, and greater care for, the MS patients’ state of mind.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0098.v1

MicroRNAs in the Communication between Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAF) and Cancer Cells

Maren Schoepp, Anda Jana Stroese, Joerg Haier

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: MicroRNA; cancer associated fibroblasts; cell-cell communication; transformation; epigenetic

Online: 28 February 2017 (10:29:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0234.v1

Sequence Properties of the MAAP Protein and of the VP1 Capsid Protein of Adeno-Associated Viruses

David G. Karlin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: adeno-associated virus; protein sequence analysis; overlapping genes; amino acid depletion; cysteine depletion; tyrosine depletion; capsid design; membrane-binding amphipathic helix

Online: 17 February 2020 (02:42:39 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0160.v2

NIH SenNet Consortium: Mapping Senescent Cells in the Human Body to Understand Health and Disease

Patty J Lee, Philip Blood, Katy Börner, Judith Campisi, Feng Chen, Heike Daldrup-Link, Phil De Jager, Li Ding, Francesca E. Duncan, Oliver Eickelberg, Rong Fan, Toren Finkel, Vesna Garovic, Nils Gehlenborg, Carolyn Glass, Ziv Bar-Joseph, Pragati Katiyar, So-Jin Kim, Melanie Königshoff, George Kuchel, Haesung Lee, Jun H. Lee, Jian Ma, Qin Ma, Simon Melov, Kay Metis, Ana L. Mora, Nicolas Musi, Nicola Neretti, João F. Passos, Irfan Rahman, Juan Carlos Rivera-Mulia, Paul Robson, Mauricio Rojas, Ananda L. Roy, Birgit Schilling, Pixu Shi, Jonathan Silverstein, Vidyani Suryadevera, Jichun Xie, Jinhua Wang, An-Kwok Ian Wong, Laura Niedernhofer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Cellular Senescence Network; Normal Aging; Senescence; Senescence-associated secretory phenotype; SenNet

Online: 15 September 2022 (12:52:05 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0147.v1

Novel Therapeutic Targets and Biomarkers for the Treatment of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Imogen Tyer, Alison Hill

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: PSP; Progressive Supranuclear Palsy; 4R-tau; four-repeat tau; MAPT; Microtubule-associated ligand; PET; Positron Emission Tomography

Online: 12 June 2020 (09:41:06 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0269.v1

Antibiotics Against COVID-19 and Mitochondria? Urgent Thinking Out of the Box

Jaroslaw Tyszka, Karolina Kobos, Aleksandra Tyszka

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Theoretical Chemistry Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; pandemic; antibiotics; immune response; mitochondria; epidemiology; health policy

Online: 16 April 2020 (12:14:30 CEST)

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Italian, Spanish, French vs German, Austrian or Norwegian COVID-19 tracks? Antibiotics might have a partial impact on COVID-19 death rates in various countries. Our working hypotheses based on recent publications is that that antibiotics may be a major factor that negatively affects patients’ immune system during viral infections. We are all aware that there is no specific and effective medical treatment for COVID-19 so far. However, we know that our immune system is the only efficient weapon that fights against this syndrome right now. In fact, antibiotics are very often prescribed to prevent secondary infections following an antiviral immune response. Various antibiotic therapies have also been commonly applied to support COVID-19 treatments in China and Italy. Unfortunately, the frequent antibiotic off-site targets include mitochondria that are genetically and evolutionary closely linked to bacteria. Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles responsible for bioenergetics in nearly all our cells, acting as signaling hubs in antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. Several studies have demonstrated that mitochondria are vulnerable to antibacterial treatments, interrupting their physiology. Inhibition of these processes by antibiotics might render the immune system less capable of fighting acute COVID-19 viral infections. Some antibiotics, including those prescribed for COVID-19 in Wuhan, have been shown to inhibit the synthesis of mitochondrial DNA. The question is whether antibiotics support such a treatment or weaken patient immune responses in this case. This hypothesis should be evaluated based on comparative clinical data that seem to be unavailable at the moment. Possibly the COVID-19 risk group should be extended to all patients being treated with antibiotics, including those who finished antibiotic therapies days up to several months before SARS-CoV-2 infection. We therefore urge health service response groups to evaluate the impact of antibiotics on COVID-19 recovery vs death retrospective data. We would like to motivate international, national and local health authorities to share available clinical treatment data, discuss and optimize treatment strategies.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0196.v1

Pathological Mechanisms Underlying Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Daniel Missailidis, Sarah Annesley, Paul Fisher

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, ME/CFS, diagnosis, metabolism, mitochondria, inflammation, immune system, signaling, gut microbiota.

Online: 16 July 2019 (12:41:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0413.v1

A Current Overview of the Molecular Effects of Nanosilver

Shana J. Cameron, William G. Willmore

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: silver nanoparticles; nanosilver; endocytosis; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; inflammation; wound healing; hypoxia; mitochondria; endoplasmic reticulum stress; unfolded protein response; autophagy; apoptosis; angiogenesis; epigenetics; genotoxicity; cancer; anti-cancer

Online: 28 May 2018 (15:51:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0147.v1

A Comparative Analysis of the Proteins and Lipids in Breast, Leg, and Thigh Meats of a Commercial Domesticated Turkey

W. Keith Ray, Sherry B. Hildreth, Judith M. Jervis, Richard F. Helm

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: glycolysis; lipidome; meat; mitochondria; oxidation; proteome; turkey

Online: 23 November 2017 (03:11:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0059.v1

Sequestration Effect on the Open-Cyclic Switchable Property of Warfarin by Cyclodextrin: Ultrafast Dynamical Study

Naji Al-Dubaili, Na'il Saleh

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Physical Chemistry Keywords: open-cyclic tautomers; molecular switching; decay-associated spectra; warfarin; excited-state lifetime; cyclodextrins

Online: 21 July 2017 (04:56:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0093.v1

Potential Impact of Diet on Treatment Effect from Anti-TNF Drugs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Vibeke Andersen, Axel Kornerup Hansen, Berit Lilienthal Heitmann

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: lifestyle factors; chronic inflammatory diseases; treatment result; treatment response; diet; meat intake; dietary pattern; food; mucosa associated bacteria; epithelium-associated bacteria; microbiome; fibre intake; personalized medicine; mucus; sulphate-reducing bacteria; mucin-degrading bacteria; Western style diet; anti-TNF

Online: 15 March 2017 (07:29:13 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0008.v1

Intra- and Intercellular Quality Control Mechanisms of Mitochondria

Yoshimitsu Kiriyama, Hiromi Nochi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: mitochondria; mitophagy; transmitophgy; PGC1; mitofusin; DRP1; MIRO1; CD38

Online: 1 December 2017 (13:55:15 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0289.v1

The Reactive Species Interactome - Mitochondria Axis

Laurent Chatre

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: mitochondria; reactive species; eustress; distress; bioenergetic; microbiota

Online: 23 May 2022 (09:41:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0176.v1

Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics by Proteolytic Processing and Protein Turnover

Sumaira Ali, Gavin P. McStay

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: mitochondria; proteolysis; protein half-life; ubiquitin

Online: 27 November 2017 (09:18:27 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0027.v1

Insights into the Diagnostic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles and their miRNA Signature from Liquid Biopsy as Early Biomarkers of Diabetic Micro/Macrovascular Complications

Valeria La Marca, Alessandra Fierabracci

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: EVs; endothelial-derived microparticles; platelet-derived microparticles; non-invasive biomarkers; miRNAs signature; diabetes associated complications; micro-macrovascular damage; diabetic nephropathy

Online: 8 September 2017 (09:38:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0396.v1

Sirtuins, Mitochondria and the Melatonergic Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease

George Anderson, Michael Maes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; sirtuins; mitochondria; leaky gut; inflammation; neuroimmune

Online: 27 February 2020 (10:52:33 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0068.v1

Human MAP tau based targeted cytolytic fusion proteins

Olusiji Akinrinmade, Sandra Jordaan, Dmitrij Hristodorov, Radoslav Mladenov, Neelakshi Mungra, Shivan Chetty, Stefan Barth

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: human cytolytic fusion proteins; immunotherapy; microtubule associated protein tau (MAP); cancer; inflammatory diseases

Online: 15 June 2017 (12:02:31 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Role of Nucleoid Associated Protein HU in the Intercellular and Extracellular Milieu

Debayan Dey

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs); moonlighting proteins; drug target; biofilm; specificity determination; phylogenetic analysis

Online: 7 June 2020 (09:07:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0163.v1

Shaping Light in Backward-Wave Nonlinear Hyperbolic Metamaterials

Alexander K. Popov, Sergey A. Myslivets, Vitaly V. Slabko, Victor A. Tkachenko, Thomas F. George

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: optical metamaterials; fundamental concepts in photonics; light-matter interactions at the subwavelength and nanoscale; fundamental understanding of linear and nonlinear optical processes in novel metamaterials underpinning photonic devices and components; advancing the frontier of nanophotonics with the associated nanoscience and nanotechnology; nanostructures that can serve as building blocks for nano-optical systems; use of nanotechnology in photonics; nonlinear nanophotonics, plasmonics and excitonics; subwavelength components and negative index materials; slowing, store, and processing light pulses; materials with such capabilities that could be used for optical sensing, tunable optical delay lines, optical buffers, high extinction optical switches, novel image processing hardware, and highly-efficient wavelength converters

Online: 26 February 2018 (11:24:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0029.v1

Cell-Based Blood Biomarkers for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Daniel Missailidis, Oana Sanislav, Claire Allan, Sarah Annesley, Paul Fisher

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis; Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; mitochondria; Complex V; TORC1; Seahorse respirometry; biomarker; diagnosis; ME/CFS

Online: 3 February 2020 (10:36:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0271.v1

Blackcurrant Leaf Chlorosis Associated Virus: Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals an Extraordinary Virus with Multiple Genomic Components Including Evidence of Circular RNA

Delano James, James Phelan, Daniel Sanderson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Idaeovirus; Blackcurrant leaf chlorosis associated virus; next-generation sequencing (NGS); bridge reads; abutting primers; RNase R digestion; circular RNA; concatenated RNA

Online: 30 March 2018 (11:40:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0280.v1

Cold and Heat Stress Diversely Alters Both Cauliflower Respiration and Distinct Mitochondrial Proteins Including OXPHOS Components and Matrix Enzymes

Michał Rurek, Magdalena Czołpińska, Tomasz Andrzej Pawłowski, Włodzimierz Krzesiński, Tomasz Spiżewski

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: cold stress; heat stress; stress recovery; mitochondria; proteomics; respiration; Brassica; angiosperms

Online: 30 January 2018 (10:31:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0043.v3

An Isolated Complex V Inefficiency and Dysregulated Mitochondrial Function in Immortalized Lymphocytes from ME/CFS Patients

Daniel Missailidis, Sarah Annesley, Claire Allan, Oana Sanislav, Brett Lidbury, Donald Lewis, Paul Fisher

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis; Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; mitochondria; Complex V; TORC1; Seahorse respirometry

Online: 3 February 2020 (09:34:29 CET)

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Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is an enigmatic condition characterized by exacerbation of symptoms after exertion (post-exertional malaise or “PEM”), and by fatigue whose severity and associated requirement for rest are excessive and disproportionate to the fatigue-inducing activity. There is no definitive molecular marker or known underlying pathological mechanism for the condition. Increasing evidence for aberrant energy metabolism suggests a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in ME/CFS. Our objective was therefore to measure mitochondrial function and cellular stress sensing in actively metabolising patient blood cells. We immortalized lymphoblasts isolated from 51 ME/CFS patients diagnosed according to the Canadian Consensus Criteria and an age- and gender-matched control group. Parameters of mitochondrial function and energy stress sensing were assessed by Seahorse extracellular flux analysis, proteomics, and an array of additional biochemical assays. As a proportion of the basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR), the rate of ATP synthesis by Complex V was significantly reduced in ME/CFS lymphoblasts, while significant elevations were observed in Complex I OCR, maximum OCR, spare respiratory capacity, nonmitochondrial OCR and “proton leak” as a proportion of the basal OCR. This was accompanied by a reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, chronically hyperactivated TOR Complex I stress signalling and upregulated expression of mitochondrial respiratory complexes, fatty acid transporters and enzymes of the β-oxidation and TCA cycles. By contrast, mitochondrial mass and genome copy number, as well as glycolytic rates and steady state ATP levels were unchanged. Our results suggest a model in which ME/CFS lymphoblasts have a Complex V defect accompanied by compensatory upregulation of their respiratory capacity that includes the mitochondrial respiratory complexes, membrane transporters and enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation. This homeostatically returns ATP synthesis and steady state levels to “normal” in the resting cells, but may leave them unable to adequately respond to acute increases in energy demand as the relevant homeostatic pathways are already activated.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0271.v1

Perturbed Ovarian and Uterine Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling Accompanies the Balanced Regulation of Mitochondrial Function and NFκB-Mediated Inflammation under Conditions of Hyperandrogenism and Insulin Resistance

Min Hu, Yuehui Zhang, Xiaozhu Guo, Wenyan Jia, Guoqi Liu, Jiao Zhang, Peng Cui, Juan Li, Wei Li, Xiaoke Wu, Hongxia Ma, Mats Brännström, Linus R Shao, Håkan Billig

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: glucocorticoid receptor; 11HSD; mitochondria; NFκB; inflammation; ovary; uterus; polycystic ovary syndrome

Online: 28 March 2019 (14:05:40 CET)

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Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance are co-pathologies of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Recent evidence has suggested that elevated local cortisol levels are associated with ovarian and endometrial insulin resistance in hyperandrogenic PCOS patients, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these clinical findings remain unclear. We and others have used chronic treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and insulin to create an in vivo rodent model for the onset and development of PCOS-like phenotypes. Here, we aimed to determine whether the molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling, mitochondrial function, and local inflammation in the ovary and uterus are intrinsically different in PCOS-like rats compared to controls. In both the ovary and the uterus, decreased expression of two GR protein isoforms was concurrent with increased expression of Fkbp51 but not Fkbp52 mRNA in PCOS-like rats compared to controls. However, PCOS-like rats exhibited an opposite regulation of Hsd11b1 or Hsd11b2 mRNAs in the two tissues. Further, the expression of several oxidative phosphorylation-related protein components was decreased in the PCOS-like ovary and uterus, but surprisingly the expression of many genes involved in mitochondrial function and homeostasis was increased in the same tissues and animals. Additionally, PCOS-like rats showed the increased expression of ovarian and uterine NFκB signaling proteins and Tnfaip3 mRNA. In PCOS-like rats, while similar decreased expression of Il1b, Il6, and Mmp2 mRNAs was seen in the ovary and uterus, the opposite regulation of Tnfa, Ccl2, Ccl5, and Mmp3 mRNA expression was observed in the two tissues. Both ovaries and uteri from PCOS-like animals showed increased collagen deposition compared to controls. Collectively, our observations suggest that hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance disrupt ovarian and uterine GR activation and trigger compensatory or adaptive effects for mitochondrial homeostasis, allowing tissue-level maintenance of mitochondrial function in order to limit ovarian and uterine dysfunction. Our study also suggests that hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance-induced activation of NFκB signaling resulting in aberrant regulation of inflammation-related gene expression might be tissue specific in female reproductive tissues.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0038.v1

STAT3 and STAT5 Activation in Solid Cancers

Sebastian Igelmann, Heidi A. Neubauer, Gerardo Ferbeyre

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: solid cancers; cell cycle; apoptosis; inflammation; mitochondria; stemness; tumor suppression

Online: 5 August 2019 (03:43:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0352.v1

Proteins Nsp12 and 13 of SARS-CoV-2 Have Mitochondrial Recognition Signal: A Connection with Cellular Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Disease Manifestation

Upasana Ray, Feroza Begum

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; ARDS; non-structural proteins; mitochondria

Online: 29 June 2020 (10:40:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0331.v1

Coronavirus 2019 Infection in People with Associated Co-Morbidities: Case Fatality and ACE2 Inhibitors Treatment Concerns

Maryam Honardoost, Rokhsareh Aghili, Mohammad E. Khamseh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; associated comorbidities; treatment; ACE2 inhibitors; Type 2 diabetes

Online: 19 April 2020 (05:42:22 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0063.v1

Probing Molecular Insights of Zika Virus-Host Interactions

Ina Lee, Sandra Bos, Ge Li, Shusheng Wang, Gilles Gadea, Philippe Despres, Richard Y. Zhao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Zika virus; ZIKV-host interactions; viral pathogenesis; cell surface receptors; antiviral responses; viral counteraction; cytopathic effects; microcephaly; ZIKV-associated neurologic disorders

Online: 5 April 2018 (05:34:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0346.v1

Characterization of Mitochondrial GSH Transporters and Their Role in RPE Protection

Mo Wang, Ling-ing Lau, Parameswaran G. Sreekumar, Christine Spee, Lin Liu, David R. Hinton, Srinivas R. Sadda, Ram Kannan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: retinal pigment epithelium (RPE); oxidative stress; mitochondria; apoptosis; 2-oxoglutarate carrier (OGC); dicarboxylate carrier (DIC); glutathione (GSH); mitochondrial GSH (mGSH)

Online: 19 July 2018 (06:15:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0029.v2

Incidence and Determinants of Health Care Associated Blood Stream Infection at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Ujjain, India: A Prospective Cohort Study

Mamta Dhaneria, Sachin Jain, Poonam Singh, Aditya Mathur, Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, Ashish Pathak

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: blood stream health care associated infections; neonates; risk factors, antibiotic use, antibiotic resistance; neonatal intensive care unit; India

Online: 30 January 2018 (08:03:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0211.v1

Visualization of Annular Gap Junction Vesicle Processing: The Interplay between Annular Gap Junctions and Mitochondria

Cheryl L. Bell, Teresa I. Shakespeare, Sandra A. Murray

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: gap junction; connexin; annular gap junction vesicle; mitochondria; lysosome

Online: 15 May 2018 (08:39:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0277.v1

Influence of Intermittent Cold Stimulations on CREB and Its Targeting Genes in Muscle: Investigations into Molecular Mechanisms of Local Cryotherapy

Takehito Sugasawa, Tome Yoshiya, Yoshinori Takeuchi, Naoya Yahagi, Rahul Sharma, Yuichi Aita, Yasuko Yoshida, Katuyuki Tokinoya , Nanami Sekine, Kaoru Takeuchi, Haruna Ueda, Reina Maruyama, Shohei Morita, Yasushi Kawamai, Kazuhiro Takekoshi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: CREB; cryotherapy; gene expression; icing; mitochondria; Pgc-1α; transcription

Online: 25 April 2019 (08:07:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0241.v1

Prebiotic Xylo-oligosaccharides Targeting Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Prevent High Fat Diet-induced Hepatic Steatosis in Rats

Sanna Lensu, Raghunath Pariyani, Elina Mäkinen, Baoru Yang, Wisam Saleem, Eveliina Munukka, Maarit Lehti, Anastasiia Driuchina, Jere Linden, Marja Tiirola, Leo Lahti, Satu Pekkala

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: prebiotic; oligosaccharides; gut microbiota; fatty liver; metabolism; mitochondria

Online: 11 September 2020 (04:17:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0036.v1

Molecular Aspects of Varicella-Zoster Virus Latency

Daniel P. Depledge, Tomohiko Sadaoka, Werner J. D. Ouwendijk

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: varicella-zoster virus; latency; reactivation; sensory ganglia; VZV latency-associated transcript; open reading frame 63; RNA-sequencing; epigenetics; immunity

Online: 4 June 2018 (11:49:09 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0521.v1

Unfolded Protein Response-Dependent Communication and Contact among Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria and Plasma Membrane.

Atsushi Saito, Kazunori Imaizumi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Unfolded protein response; ER morphology; Mitochondria-associated ER membrane; ER-PM contact sites

Online: 26 September 2018 (15:44:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0094.v1

Irreversibility as Thermodynamic Time

Charles C. Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Thermodynamics Keywords: time; availability; irreversibility; time dilation; biological clock; metabolic efficiency; telomere; mitochondria

Online: 8 May 2019 (11:21:50 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0302.v1

UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF DYSFUNCTIONAL AND HEALTHY MITOCHONDRIA IN STROKE PATHOLOGY AND ITS TREATMENT

Hung Nguyen, Sydney Zarriello, Mira Rajani, Julian Tuazon, Eleonora Napoli, Cesar Borlongan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: cerebral ischemia, blood brain barrier, endothelial cells, impaired mitochondria, neurovascular unit, regenerative medicine, stem cell therapy, transfer of healthy mitochondria, vasculature

Online: 19 June 2018 (14:27:25 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0268.v1

Mitochondrial Quality Control Mechanisms and the PHB (Prohibitin) Complex

Blanca Hernando-Rodríguez, Marta Artal-Sanz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: mitochondria; stress response; mitophagy; mitochondrial dynamics; mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt); quality control; prohibitins; PHB complex; PHB-1; PHB-2

Online: 12 November 2018 (05:23:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0225.v1

Doxorubicin-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy is Mediated by Mitochondrial Permeability Transition

S. Kyle Travis, Sarah K. Skinner, Trace Thome, Liam F. Fitzgerald, Michael S. Cohen, Dennis W. Wolan, Michael J. Toth, Terence E. Ryan, Russell T. Hepple

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: chemotherapy; muscle atrophy; Doxorubicin; mitochondria; reactive oxygen species

Online: 16 March 2022 (08:22:57 CET)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0038.v1

Mitochondria Determine Response to Anti-PD-1 Therapy: An Evidence-based Hypothesis

Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: T-lymphocytes; programmed cell death protein-1; mitochondria; adenosine triphosphate

Online: 4 June 2020 (13:54:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0349.v1

Myofibril and Mitochondrial Area Changes in Type I and II Fibers Following 10 Weeks of Resistance Training in Previously Untrained Men

Bradley A. Ruple, Joshua S. Godwin, Paulo H. C. Mesquita, Shelby C. Osburn, Casey L. Sexton, Morgan A. Smith, Jeremy C. Ogletree, Michael D. Goodlett, Joseph L. Edison, Arny A. Ferrando, Andrew D. Frugé, Andreas N. Kavazis, Kaelin C. Young, Michael D. Roberts

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: myofibrils; mitochondria; resistance training

Online: 14 June 2021 (10:36:45 CEST)

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Resistance training increases myofiber hypertrophy, but the morphological adaptations that occur within myofibers remain largely unresolved. Fifteen males with minimal training experience (24±4 years, 17.9±1.4 kg/m2 lean body mass index) performed 10 weeks of conventional, full-body resistance training (2x weekly). Body composition, the radiological density of the vastus lateralis muscle using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained one week prior to and 72 hours following the last training bout. Fiber typing and the quantification of myofibril and mitochondrial areas per fiber were performed using histology/immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques. Relative myosin heavy chain and actin protein abundances per wet muscle weight as well as citrate synthase (CS) activity assays were also obtained on tissue lysates. Training increased whole-body lean mass, mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area, various strength metrics, and mean and type II fiber cross sectional areas (fCSA) (p<0.05). Myofibril areas in type I or II fibers were not altered with training, suggesting a proportional expansion with fCSA increases. Relative myosin heavy chain and actin protein abundances also did not change with training. IHC indicated training increased mitochondrial areas in both fiber types (p=0.018). However, CS activity levels remained unaltered with training. Interestingly, although pQCT-derived muscle density increased with training (p=0.036), suggestive of myofibril packing, a positive association existed between training-induced changes in this metric and changes in type I+II myofibril areas (r=0.600, p=0.018). Shorter-term resistance training seemingly involves a proportional expansion of myofibrils and an accelerated expansion of mitochondria in type I and II fibers. Additionally, histological and biochemical techniques should be viewed independently from one another given the lack of agreement between the variables assessed herein. Finally, the pQCT may be a viable tool to non-invasively track morphological changes in muscle tissue.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0059.v2

The Charcot Marie Tooth Disease Mutation R94Q in MFN2 Decreases ATP Production but Increases Mitochondrial Respiration under Conditions of Mild Oxidative Stress

Christina Wolf, Rahel Zimmermann, Osamah Thaher, Diones Bueno, Verena Wüllner, Michael K.E. Schäfer, Philipp Albrecht, Axel Methner

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Oxidative stress, MFN2, mitochondria, fusion/fission

Online: 9 September 2019 (11:46:36 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0186.v1

Roles of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Carrying HSPs in Cancer Biomarkers, Immune Surveillance, and Immune Evasion

Eman Taha, Kisho Ono, Takanori Eguchi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: heat shock protein (HSP); extracellular vesicle (EV); exosome; oncosome; immune evasion; resistance-associated secretory phenotype (RASP); EMT; hypoxia; biomarker; liquid biopsy

Online: 17 August 2019 (16:15:01 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0327.v1

Imaging Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) with FAPi PET

Laura Gilardi, Lighea Simona Airò Farulla, Emre Demirci, Ilaria Clerici, Emanuela Omodeo Salé, Francesco Ceci

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: cancer-associated-fibroblast; fibroblast activation protein; FAPi; Positron emission tomography; FAPi PET; theranostics

Online: 21 January 2022 (13:31:31 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0260.v1

Role of Presenilin in Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans

Shaarika Sarasija, Kenneth R. Norman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: mitochondria; invertebrate; reactive oxygen species; oxidative phosphorylation

Online: 16 July 2018 (08:27:03 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0281.v1

The Role of Apoptotic Signaling in Axon Guidance

Riley Kellermeyer, Leah M. Heydman, Grant S. Mastick, Thomas Kidd

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: axon guidance; growth cone; cytoskeleton; caspases; apoptosis; signal integration; basal level of caspase activity; death associated inhibitor of apoptosis; axon branching; Netrin; DCC; frazzled; slit; robo; Drosophila

Online: 16 September 2018 (09:43:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0227.v1

Impaired Mitochondrial Mobility in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

Cara Schiavon, Uri Manor

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Organelle transport; Charcot-Marie-Tooth; Axonal transport deficiency; Neurodegeneration; Cytoskeleton; Mitochondria

Online: 6 November 2020 (08:55:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0479.v1

Suboptimal Health Status of High School Students in Guangzhou, Shanxi, and Tibet, China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Gehendra Mahara, Jiazhi Liang, Zhirong Zhang, Qi Ge, Jinxin Zhang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: suboptimal health status; associated factors; high school students; Shanxi; Guangzhou; Tibet; China

Online: 20 September 2020 (14:50:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0120.v1

Protein Syntheses and Autophagy: In Contrast or in Synchrony?

Francesco Dioguardi, Carol Chen Scarabelli, Evasio Pasini, Giovanni Corsetti, Tiziano Scarabelli

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: mTOR; ATP; protein synthesis; autophagy; amino acids; nutrition; adipose tissue; muscle; sarcopenia; mitochondria

Online: 6 January 2021 (14:32:22 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0386.v1

Exosome Release of Drugs: Coupling with Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Takanori Eguchi, Kisho Ono, Stuart Calderwood, Kuniaki Okamoto

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: resistance-associated secretory phenotype (RASP); extracellular vesicle (EV); exosome; oncosome; drug resistance; epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); heat shock protein (HSP); cell stress response; hypoxia; acidosis; tumor immunology

Online: 29 December 2019 (13:46:21 CET)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Creatine as a Candidate to Prevent Statin Myopathy

Maurizio Balestrino, Enrico Adriano

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: creatine; statin; myopathy; muscle; myalgia; prevention; treatment; pathogenesis; pathophysiology; mitochondria

Online: 11 September 2019 (04:43:37 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0211.v2

HIV-1: Tackling the Obstacles that Limit the Effectiveness of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing of the T Cell Co-receptor CCR5

Tatiana Hillman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: HIV-1; CRISPR-Cas9; T-cells; lipid nanoparticles; gut-associated-lymphoid tissue; Co-receptors; Probiotics; GI Tract,; Gene Editing

Online: 13 April 2020 (10:57:52 CEST)

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HIV-1 is a complicated and perplexing virus. It infects T cells, reverse transcribes its RNA into DNA, utilizes its host DNA machinery to replicate its HIV-DNA, translates the HIV-DNA into proteins, assembles itself for a budding escape from the T cell, and rapidly mutates its conformation. Partially, due to its complexity, there remains no cure for HIV or AIDs. However, recently with the discovery of TALENs, the use of zinc fingers, and most of all the applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, has given researchers new hope in finding alternative gene therapies and treatments for diseases. With more focus on CRISPR-Cas9, this new and novel technology uses a guiding RNA, sgRNA, to lead a Cas9 nuclease to its target for deletion or to change that DNA site. CRISPR-Cas9 can delete point mutations and multiple DNA sites. Because CRISPR can alter DNA sequences, several scientists have conducted research into CRISPR, possibly treating more diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and even HIV. HIV-1 drew the focus of a researcher named Dr. Ebina in 2013 when he was the first to design and apply CRISPR-Cas9 to genes found in the binding sites of HIV-1, inhibiting HIV-1 gene expression. Since 2013, several other researchers have blocked HIV replication and infection through CRISPR-Cas9 targeting the receptors of T cells called the CC chemokine receptor 5 or CCR5. HIV-1 binds to the CD4 receptor of T cells, which consists of co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4. If CCR5 expression can be removed, the HIV virus cannot bind to T-cells, blocking the initial attachment stage, and discontinuing the infection. However, there remain obstacles and issues for the CRISPR deletion of CCR5 for treating HIV-1. The issues include: 1) finding new and safe methods of CRISPR-Cas9 delivery, 2) clearing the latent HIV reservoirs, 3) improving the sgRNA design to avoid off-target mutations or deletions, and 4) effectively analyze the viral escape of HIV from CRISPR-Cas9 modifications. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss possible techniques for removing the obstacles that can lessen the potential of CRISPR to delete CCR5, repressing HIV-1 into long-term remission or a functional cure.

Working Paper ARTICLE

D-Amino Acids are Signaling Agents Under Stress, that Broadly Impact Preventive Medicine

Edna Ben Izhak Monselise

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: D-Glutamate and D-Glutamate racemase; Mitochondria; evolutionary approach; gut microbiota; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS); Motor neurone disease (MND)

Online: 30 September 2019 (03:13:27 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0032.v1

Nano-Theranostics Approaches and Mitochondrial Targeted Drug Delivery: Alzheimer ’s Disease Therapeutic Interventions

Leena Chacko, Sagnik Nag, Saikat Dewanjee, Subhrojyoti Ghosh, Jayalakshmi Vallamkondu, Oishi Mitra, Anuvab Dey, Tiyasa Bhuniya, Hari Prasad Reddy Paluru, P. Hemachandra Reddy, Ramesh Kandimalla

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Quantum Dot Nanoparticles; PINK1; Theranostic; mitochondria; drug delivery

Online: 1 November 2022 (14:29:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0342.v1

Reproductive Toxicity of 4-Octylphenol Induced Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis in Male Mouse-Specific Niche Cells

Mingtian Zhang, Hyun Jung Park, Kwonho Hong, Chankyu Park, Hyuk Song

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: 4-octylphenol; male sertoli cells; reproductive toxicity; apoptosis; mitochondria

Online: 16 October 2018 (08:35:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0209.v1

The Immunosuppressive Microenvironment of Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma and Therapeutic Approaches to Counter It

Donatella Aldinucci, Cinzia Borghese, Naike Casagrande

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Hodgkin lymphoma; tumor microenvironment; immune escape; tumor-associated macrophages

Online: 18 April 2019 (08:14:50 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0013.v1

P53 Protein Modulates Muscle Metabolism and Generates a Non-Genetic Risk Environment that Contributes to Triggering Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Águeda Gema Espina-Zambrano

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: ALS; motor neuron disease (MND); metabolism; muscle; TP53; TDP43; immunomodulatory therapies; neuromuscular junction; mitochondria; epigenetic regulation

Online: 1 February 2022 (12:49:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0089.v1

Impact of Access to Medicines on Public Health. Problems Associated With Access, Use, and Abuse of Antibiotics

Antonio G. Pisabarro, Denisse P. Rivera de la Torre

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: access to medicines; access to antibuotics; impact of access to medicines on public health; problems associated with access; use; abuse of antibiotics resistance; aware; Africa

Online: 5 May 2020 (17:03:07 CEST)

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Access to medicines is one of the essential problems in Public Health of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The World Health Organization (WHO) defines access to medicines as the possibility of "having continuously accessible and affordable medicines in public or private health facilities that are within a kilometer of the place of residence." Access to medicines, as defined by the WHO, is not fully guaranteed in many LMICs and even in many regions of high-resource countries. The WHO identifies several factors as determinants of limitations in the access to medicines: rational selection, affordable prices, sustainable financing, and reliable health services. The action on these factors makes it possible to improve universal access to medicines with consequent improvement in Public Health. Adequate access to antibiotics and vaccination will avoid a large part of the deaths caused by infectious diseases in the LMICs. However, the emergence of resistance and the difficulties in vaccination campaigns due to socio-political or cultural problems make it challenging to fight many easily treatable infectious diseases. The use and abuse of antibiotics are inevitably associated with the appearance of resistances that make them ineffective. Thus, whereas limited access to antibiotics raises mortality rates from infectious diseases, generalized open access to them ends up eliminating their clinical value. Moreover, the contraction of research in this field for many years has reduced the success in discovering new drugs. Additionally, local market regulations, inadequate selection, inaccessible prices, especially for those of second and third-generation, inefficient health systems, and difficulties of administration and control of prescription compliance, especially in the case of combined therapies, are additional obstacles to universal access to antibiotics. In order to simultaneously improve access to antibiotics and keep resistances under control, it is necessary to develop training and education activities at different social levels (from patients to various Health Care Providers) to complement the national or supranational strategic plans.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0024.v1

Mitochondrial Dynamics in Stem Cells and Differentiation

Bong Jong Seo, Sang Hoon Yoon, Jeong Tae Do

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: mitochondria; mitochondrial dynamics; fusion; fission; pluripotency; differentiation

Online: 2 November 2018 (06:05:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0563.v1

MiR-125b-2 Knockout in Testis Are Associated with Targeting to PAP Gene, Mitochondrial Copy Number and Impaired Sperm Quality

Longlong Li, Yanling Zhu, Jiajie Sun, Ting Chen, Junyi Luo, Gang Shu, Songbo Wang, Xiaotong Zhu, Qingyan Jiang, Yongliang Zhang, Qianyun Xi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: miR-125b-2; testis; PAP; reproduction; sperm; mitochondria

Online: 23 November 2018 (14:06:22 CET)

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microRNAs can cause male infertility by impacting sperm quality and impaired spermatogenesis. Since the miR-125 family plays an important role in regulating embryo development, but the function of miR-125b-2 in male reproduction remains unknown. In this study, we prepared a model of miR-125b knockout (KO) mice. Among the KO mice, the progeny test showed that litter sizes decreased significantly and the rate of non-parous females increased significantly (p<0.05). At the same time, the testosterone concentration increased significantly (p<0.01), with the remarkable decrease for estradiol (p<0.05). Moreover, sperm count decreased obviously (p<0.05) and the percentage of abnormal sperms increased significantly (p<0.01). Testicular transcriptome sequencing demonstrated that there were 173 up-regulated genes, including Papolb (PAP), and 151 down-regulated genes in KO mice compared with wild type (WT). KEGG and GO analysis showed many of these genes were involved in sperm mitochondrial metabolism and other cellular biological processes. Meanwhile, the sperm mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) copy number was increased significantly (p<0.01) in KO mice, but the integrity of mtDNA and nuclear DNA (nDNA) had no change. In the top 10 up-regulated genes, as a testis specific expressing gene, PAP can affect the process of spermatogenesis. Western blotting and Luciferase Assay validated that PAP was the target of miR-125b-5p. Intriguingly, we also found that both miR-125b and PAP were only highly expressed in germ cells (GC) instead of Leydig cells (LC) and Sertoli cells (SC), and miR-125b-5p could target PAP to regulate TM3 cell secretion of testosterone (p<0.05). Our study firstly demonstrated that miR-125b-2 could regulate testosterone secretion by directly targeting PAP and increase sperm mtDNA copy number to affect semen quality. The study indicated that miR-125b-2 had a positive influence on the reproductive performance of animal and could be a potential therapeutic target for male infertility.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0023.v1

Unfolded Protein Response-Dependent Communication and Contact among Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria and Plasma Membrane.

Atsushi Saito, Kazunori Imaizumi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Unfolded protein response; ER morphology; Mitochondria-associated ER membrane; ER-PM contact sites

Online: 2 October 2018 (13:41:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0248.v1

Early Critical Phase Transitions of Pericentromere-Associated Domains in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Committed to Differentiation by Heregulin

Jekabs Krigerts, Kristine Salmina, Talivaldis Freivalds, Felikss Rumnieks, Inna Inashkina, Pawel Zayakin, Michael Hausmann, Jekaterina Erenpreisa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: cancer; differentiation commitment; acridine-orange-DNA test; pericentromere-associated domains (PADs); power law of PAD number vs. size; critical self-organisation; unravelling of PADs; silencing threshold

Online: 15 May 2020 (08:01:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0014.v1

New Mechanistic Insights on Carbon Nanotubes Nanotoxicity Using Isolated Submitochondrial Particles, Molecular Docking, and Nano-QSTR Approaches

Michael González-Durruthy1, Riccardo Concu, Juan Ruso, Maria Natalia Dias Soeiro Cordeiro

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: mitochondria, F0F1-ATPase, carbon nanotubes, computational nanotoxicology.; QSAR; NanoQSAR

Online: 1 September 2020 (11:49:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0374.v1

Preclinical Evidence of STAT3 Inhibitor, Pacritinib, Overcomes Temozolomide Resistance via Down-Regulating miR-21-enriched Exosomes from M2 Glioblastoma-Associated Macrophages

Hao-Yu Chuang, Yu-kai Su, Heng-Wei Liu, Chao-Hsuan Chen, Shao-Chih Chiu, Der-Yang Cho, Shinn-Zong Lin, Yueh-Sheng Chen, Chien-Min Lin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Keywords: Tumor microenvironment (TME), glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), GBM- associated macrophages (GAMs), exosomes, oncomiR-21, STAT3 inhibitor.

Online: 31 May 2019 (08:18:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0505.v1

Induced Short-term Hearing Loss due to Stimulation of Age-related Factors by Intermittent Hypoxia, High-Fat Diet, and Galactose Injection

Dong Jun Park, Sunmok Ha, Jin Sil Choi, Su Hoon Lee, Jeong-Eun Park, Young Joon Seo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: mitochondria dysfunction; reactive oxygen species; hypoxic; D-galactose; high fat diet; aging; hearing loss; mechanisms of hearing loss

Online: 22 July 2020 (07:58:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0573.v1

Epidemiological and Microbiological Aspects of Health Care-associated Infections in Ukraine During the 2009–2019 Period

Yulian Konechnyi, Marta Panas, Iryna Tymchuk, Roksolana Konechna, Olena Borysiuk, Iryna Hubytska, Lesya Zhurakhivska, Olena Korniychuk

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: healthcare-associated infections; HCAIs; hospital acquired infections; nosocomial infections; statistical analysis

Online: 24 September 2020 (08:19:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0040.v1

Herpesviruses and the Unfolded Protein Response

Benjamin P. Johnston, Craig McCormick

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: unfolded protein response (UPR); integrated stress response (ISR); ATF6; IRE1; XBP1; PERK; ATF4; GADD34; herpesvirus; Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV); cytomegalovirus (CMV); herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Online: 4 December 2019 (04:38:02 CET)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Tackling Dysfunction of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in the Brain by Omics Technologies

Paola Zanfardino, Stefano Doccini, Filippo Maria Santorelli, Vittoria Petruzzella

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: mitochondria; mitochondrial DNA; nervous tissue, OxPhos complexes; bioenergetics; genomics; proteomics; mitochondrial diseases

Online: 17 June 2021 (15:12:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0222.v1

Astaxanthin Prevents Atrophy in Slow Fiber Muscles by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Via a Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis Pathway

Luchuanyang Sun, Nobuyuki Miyaji, Min Yang, Edward M. Mills, Shigeto Taniyama, Takayuki Uchida, Takeshi Nikawa, Jifeng Li, Jie Shi, Katsuyasu Tachibana, Katsuya Hirasaka

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: astaxanthin; muscle atrophy; mitochondria; oxidative stress

Online: 17 June 2020 (13:29:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0657.v1

Mitochondrial Transport, Partitioning and Quality Control at the Heart of Cell Proliferation and Fate Acquisition

Rakesh Kumar Sharma, Abderrahman Chafik, Giulia Bertolin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: mitochondria, dynamics, transport, mitophagy, cell proliferation, stemness, fate acquisition

Online: 28 June 2021 (13:55:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0130.v1

Mitochondrial Impairment: A Common Motif in Neuropsychiatric Presentation? The Link to the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic System

Masaru Tanaka, Ágnes Szabó, Eleonóra Spekker, Helga Polyák, Fanni Tóth, And László Vécsei

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: Keywords: mitochondria; stress resilience; plasticity; stress; kynurenine; Alzheimer’s disease; neurodegenerative; depression; anxiety; psychiatric

Online: 8 July 2022 (03:56:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0320.v2

Phylogenetic and Expression Analysis of CENH3 and APOLLO Genes in Sexual and Apomictic Boechera Species

Evgeny Bakin, Fatih Sezer, Aslıhan Özbilen, Irem Kilic, Buket Uner, Mike Rayko, Kemal Melih Taskin, Vladimir Brukhin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Boechera; Brassicaceae; CENH3; APOLLO; apomixis associated genes; cell division; apomeiosis

Online: 20 December 2021 (10:40:57 CET)

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Apomictic plants (reproducing via asexual seeds), unlike sexual individuals, avoid meiosis and egg cell fertilization. Consequently, apomixis is very important for fixing maternal genotypes in the next plant generations. Despite the progress in the study of apomixis, molecular and genetic regulation of the latter remains poorly understood. So far APOLLO (Aspartate Glutamate Aspartate Aspartate histidine exonuclease) is one of the very few described genes associated with apomixis in Boechera species. The centromere-specific histone H3 variant encoded by CENH3 gene is essential for cell division. Mutations in CENH3 disrupt chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis since the attachment of spindle microtubules to a mutated form of the CENH3 histone fails. This paper presents in silico characteristic of APOLLO and CENH3 genes, which may affect apomixis. Also, we characterize the structure of CENH3, study expression levels of APOLLO and CENH3 in gynoecium/siliques of the natural diploid apomictic and sexual Boechera species at the stages of before and after fertilization. While CENH3 was a single copy gene in all Boechera species, the APOLLO gene have several polymorphic alleles associated with sexual and apomictic reproduction in the Boechera genera. Expression of the APOLLO apo-allele during meiosis was upregulated in gynoecium of apomict B. divaricarpa downregulating after meiosis until 4th day after pollination (DAP). On the 5th DAP, expression in apomictic siliques increased again. In sexual B. stricta gynoecium and siliques APOLLO apo-allele did not express. Expression of the APOLLO sex-allele during and after meiosis in gynoecium of sexual plants was several times higher than that in apomictic gynoecium. However, after pollination the sex-allele was downregulated in sexual siliques to the level of apomicts and increased sharply on the 5th DAP, while in apomictic siliques it almost did not express. At the meiotic stage, the expression level of CENH3 in the gynoecium of apomicts was two times lower than that of the sexual Boechera, decreasing in both species after meiosis and keep remaining very low in siliques of both species for several days after artificial pollination until the 4th DAP, when the expression level raised in sexual B. stricta siliques exceeding 5 times the level in apomictic B. divaricarpa siliques. We also discuss polymorphism and phylogeny of the APOLLO and CENH3 genes.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0109.v1

Convergent Canonical Pathways in Autism Spectrum Disorder from Proteomic, Transcriptomic and DNA Methylation Data

Caitlyn Mahony, Colleen O'Ryan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: proteomics; transcriptomics; DNA methylation; mitochondria; metabolism; OXPHOS; ASD; neurogenesis; gliosis; neurodevelopment

Online: 6 September 2021 (17:14:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0081.v1

The Zebrafish Xenograft Platform – A Novel Tool for Modeling KSHV-Associated Diseases

Eric S. Pringle, Jaime Wertman, Nicole Melong, Andrew J. Coombs, Andrew L. Young, David O'Leary, Chansey Veinotte, Carolyn-Ann Robinson, Michael N. Ha, Graham Dellaire, Todd Druley, Craig McCormick, Jason N. Berman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV); human herpesvirus-8; zebrafish; ddPCR; xenotransplantation; primary effusion lymphoma (PEL); hypoxia

Online: 8 November 2019 (03:23:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0445.v1

Oral Tumour Cell Migration and the Effect of the Local Soluble Factors from the Microenvironment on Signalling Pathways. Is It All about the Akt?

Hanan Ahmed, Arpa Ghoshal, Sarah Jones, Ian Ellis, Mohammad Islam

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: oral cancer; cancer-associated fibroblasts; metastasis; cell migration; cell invasion; Akt; EGFR

Online: 27 May 2020 (08:25:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0356.v1

Virus Mimetic Poly (I:C)-Primed Airway Exosomes Enter Brain and Induce Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Microglia

Deimantė Kulakauskienė, Deimantė Narauskaitė, Dovydas Gečys, Otilija Juknaitė, Lina Jankauskaitė, Aistė Masaitytė, Jurgita Šventoraitienė, Hermanas Inokaitis, Zoja Miknienė, Ilona Sadauskienė, Zbigniev Balion, Ramunė Morkūnienė, Neringa Paužienė, Dainius Pauža, Aistė Jekabsone

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: airway cell exosomes; viral infection; microglia; mitochondria; reactive oxygen species

Online: 15 July 2021 (11:12:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0045.v1

A High-throughput Search for SFXN1 Physical Partners Led to the Identification of ATAD3, HSD10, TIM50 and Subunits of Respiratory Complexes

Nesrine Tifoun, Mourad Bekhouche, José M. De Las Heras, Arnaud Guillaume, Sylvina Bouleau, Isabelle Guénal, Bernard Mignotte, Nathalie Le Floch

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: sideroflexin; SFXN1; mitochondria; ATAD3A; 17beta-HSD10; TIM50

Online: 2 August 2022 (07:46:32 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0583.v1

Insights Into the Roles of the Sideroflexins / SLC56 Family in Iron Homeostasis and Iron-Sulfur Biogenesis

Nesrine Tifoun, José M. De las Heras, Arnaud Guillaume, Sylvina Bouleau, Bernard Mignotte, Nathalie Le Floch

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: sideroflexin; mitochondria; mitochondrial transporters; iron homeostasis; iron-sulfur cluster; heme biosynthesis; one-carbon metabolism; ferroptosis; ferritinophagy.

Online: 23 December 2020 (10:40:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0152.v1

Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infection in Intensive Care Unit Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Saleem Mohd, Azharuddin Sajid Syed Khaja, Ashfaque Hossain, Fahaad Alenazi, Kamaleldin B. Said, Soha Abdallah Moursi, Homoud Abdulmohsin Almalaq, Hamza Mohamed, Ehab Rakha, Sunit Kumar Mishra

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI); Klebsiella pneumoniae; Hospital-acquired infections; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; antibiogram

Online: 10 June 2022 (07:53:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0316.v1

Neurological Outcomes Following Mitoquinone Supplementation in Mice, 3 and 7 Days Post Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Mohammad Amine Reslan, Maya Jammoul, Leila Nasrallah, Maha Tabet, Marya El-Kurdi, Sarin Mekhjian, Judith Nwaiwu, Mona Goli, Yehia Mechref, Kevin K Wang, Firas Kobeissy, Riyad El Khoury

Subject: Social Sciences, Cognitive Science Keywords: acute injury; antioxidant; behavior; mitochondria; mitoquinone; neuroinflammation; oxidative stress; repeated mild TBI

Online: 21 July 2022 (08:17:28 CEST)

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Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion accounts for the bulk of all head injuries and represents a major health concern. Although an mTBI event may not manifest in neurobehavioral impairment, repeated injuries, known as repeated mTBI (rmTBI), can result in a cumulative effect that may progress to long-term cognitive and functional deficits. To date, there is no FDA-approved drug for TBI in general and rmTBI in particular. In previous studies, we have demonstrated the neuroprotective role of mitoquinone (MitoQ), a mitochondrial antioxidant, in an open head injury model and a model of repeated mild TBI (rmTBI) at a chronic time point (30 days). In this work, we set out to assess the neuroprotective potential of MitoQ at acute (3 days) and subacute time points (7 days) post-injury in a controlled cortical impact model of rmTBI. C57BL/6 male mice were injected intraperitoneally with MitoQ (5 mg/kg) one hour after the first mTBI, and three days after the first injury in both the 3-day and 7-day MitoQ + rmTBI subgroups, with an additional injection four days after the second injection in the 7-day group. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze (MWM) while gross and fine motor functions were evaluated by the pole climbing, grip strength, and ladder rung tests. Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining was performed to evaluate oxidative stress while qRT-PCR was used to measure the gene expression of different antioxidant enzymes. Also, immunofluorescence staining was performed on brain tissue to assess the degree of microgliosis and astrocytosis. Our results showed that MitoQ conferred significant protection on days 3 and 7 post-injury against fine motor function impairment induced by rmTBI. Moreover, MitoQ enhanced cognitive function and reduced astrogliosis, microgliosis, and levels of oxidative stress on day 7 post-injury. However, antioxidant gene expression generally remained unaffected. In light of our results, MitoQ administration may be considered a preventive approach that helps to alleviate the neurological manifestations associated with rmTBI early before symptoms progress to long-term deficits.

Working Paper REVIEW

Microbiota-Immune Interactions in Ulcerative Colitis and Colitis-Associated Cancer, and Emerging Microbiota-Based Therapies

Jelena Popov, Valentina Caputi, Nandini Nandeesha, David Avelar Rodriguez, Nikhil Pai

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: ulcerative colitis; inflammatory bowel disease; pediatrics; FMT; probiotics; synbiotics; antibiotics; prebiotics; fecal microbiota transplant; colitis-associated cancer; colorectal cancer; CAC; CRC; dysbiosis

Online: 20 September 2021 (14:20:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0141.v1

Alterations of Mitochondrial Network by Cigarette and e-Cigarette Vaping

Manasa Kanithi, Sunil Junapudi, Syed Islamuddin Shah, Matta Reddy Alavala, Ghanim Ullah, Bojjibabu Chidipi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Cigarette smoking; e-cigarette smoking; mitochondria; fusion; fission

Online: 10 May 2022 (12:54:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0484.v1

Metformin Sensitizes Leukemic Cells to Cytotoxic Lymphocytes by Increasing Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1)

Nerea Allende-Vega, Joaquin Marco Brualla, Paolo Falvo, Catherine Alexia, Michael Constantinides, Alexis Fayd-Herbe-de-Maudave, lois coenon, delphine gitenay, Giulia Mitola, paul massa, stefania orecchioni, Francesco Bertolini, Isabel Marzo, Alberto Anel, Martin Villalba

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: metformin; Natural Killer cells; Cytotoxic T lymphocytes; intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1); Natural Killer G2-D (NKG2D) ligands (NKG2DL); lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1)

Online: 21 July 2021 (10:54:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0464.v1

Macrophage-Derived Small Exosomes: Efficient Transmission and Cytotoxicity to Cancer Cells

Yanyin Lu, Takanori Eguchi, Chiharu Sogawa, Eman A. Taha, Manh Tien Tran, Toshiki Nara, Penggong Wei, Shiro Fukuoka, Takuya Miyawaki, Kuniaki Okamoto

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: tumor-associated macrophage; exosomes; extracellular vesicles; heat shock proteins; oral cancer; fluorescent labeling of exosomes

Online: 19 April 2021 (11:50:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0143.v1

Prospect of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants as a Hepatoprotective and Anti-Alcoholic Liver Disease Agent

Abugri James, Michael Adu-Frimpong

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: antioxidants; alcohol metabolism; hepatoprotective; anti-ALD; mitochondrial dysfunction; mitochondria-targeted; oxidative stress; and cytochrome P450 2E1

Online: 4 March 2021 (09:13:05 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0163.v1

Approaches to Monitor ATP Levels in Living Cells: Where Do We Stand?

Seyta Ley-Ngardigal, Giulia Bertolin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: ATP; OXPHOS; ATP synthase; mitochondria; biochemical assays; fluorescence microscopy; genetically-encoded biosensors

Online: 5 February 2021 (14:45:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0322.v1

Ethnic Differences in Home Related Maternal Stress: Muslim and Jewish Mothers

Diana Saadi, Emanuel Tirosh, Keren Agay-Shay, Izhak Schnell

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Parentalstress; Maternal stress; Heart rate variability as an index of parental stress; Socio-economic; demographic; environmental and gender factors associated with maternal stress

Online: 28 October 2019 (12:06:26 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0312.v1

Decoding the Roles of Astrocytes and Hedgehog Signaling in Medulloblastoma

Terence Teixeira Duarte, Silvia Teixeira, Luis Gonzalez-Reyes, Rui Manuel Reis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: medulloblastoma; tumor progression; tumor microenvironment; tumor-associated astrocytes; hedgehog signaling; tumor-astrocytes cross talk

Online: 11 June 2021 (10:23:14 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0606.v2

Role of a-Synuclein in Cell Biology: A Hypothesis and its Implications in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Renu Minda

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; alpha-synuclein; Lewy bodies; phase transition; thermodynamics; and mitochondria

Online: 10 January 2022 (12:23:19 CET)

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