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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0810.v1

Differences in Central and Peripheral Choroidal Thickness Among the Subtypes of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Yosuke Fukuda, Shoji Notomi, Satomi Shiose, Kumiko Kano, Sawako Hashimoto, Kohta Fujiwara, Masato Akiyama, Keijiro Ishikawa, Toshio Hisatomi, Koh-Hei Sonoda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: age-related macular degeneration; pachychoroid spectrum disease; polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy; pachychoroid neovasculopathy; ultra-wide-field swept-source optical coherent tomography

Online: 10 August 2023 (05:34:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0668.v1

Treating Older Children with Clubfoot: Results of a Cross-Sectional Survey of Expert Practitioners

Grace Drury, Timothy R Nunn, Firaol Dandena, Tracey Smythe, Christopher B D Lavy

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Clubfoot; delayed presentation; walking age; neglected; immature; treatment; Ponseti; older child

Online: 9 August 2023 (05:04:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0063.v2

Exploring the Future Design Approach to Ageing Based on the Double Diamond Model

Xiaochun Wang, Zihan Huang, Tongfei Xu, Yuting Li, Xiangang Qin

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Art Keywords: Double Diamond Model; Future Studies; Future Cone; IDEO Method Cards; age-appropriate design

Online: 7 August 2023 (11:41:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0524.v1

From Immunosenescence to Aging Types – Establishing Reference Intervals for Immune Age Biomarkers by Centile Estimation

Peter Bröde, Maren Claus, Patrick D Gajewski, Stephan Getzmann, Edmund Wascher, Carsten Watzl

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: immunosenescence; biological age; biomarker; flow cytometry; longitudinal study

Online: 7 August 2023 (10:05:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0198.v1

The Hatching Time of Broiler Chickens Modifies Not Only the Production Traits, but Also the Early Bacteriota Development of the Ceca

Nikoletta Such, Kornél Schermann, László Pál, Laszlo Menyhart, Valéria Farkas, Gábor Csitári, Brigitta Kiss, Kesete Goitom Tewelde, Károly Dublecz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: broiler chickens; parent flock age; hatching time; production traits; bacteriota composition; ceca

Online: 3 August 2023 (08:15:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2052.v1

Artificial Intelligence Prediction of Gestational Age of Fetal in Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging versus ultrasound Using three different Biometric Measurements

Farzan Vahedifard, Xuchu Liu, Kranthi K. Marathu, Mehmet Kocak, H. Asher Ai, Mark P. Supanich, Seth Adler, Shehbaz M. Ansari, Melih Akyuz, Jubril O. Adepoju, Sharon Byrd

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Gestational Age; Fetal Brain; MRI

Online: 31 July 2023 (03:07:23 CEST)

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Abstract: Accurately predicting a fetus's gestational age (GA) is of utmost importance in prenatal care. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model that can automatically predict GA using biometric measurements derived from fetal brain mag-netic resonance imaging (MRI). Additionally, we aimed to assess the significance of con-sidering different references when interpreting GA predictions. To achieve this, we obtained measurements such as Biparietal Diameter (BPD), Fron-to-occipital Diameter (FOD), and Head Circumference (HC) from a dataset comprising 52 normal fetal MRI cases with T2 Haste sequences from Rush University. Both manual and AI-based methods were utilized to acquire these measurements. We also employed three reference papers (Garel, Freq, and Bio) for comparison purposes. The results demonstrated a strong correlation between manual and AI measure-ments, indicating consistency between the two methods. The AI-based measurement of HC exhibited a higher correlation with actual values compared to BPD, FOD, and correct-ed BPD (BPDC). When comparing these measurements with GA in the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), the differences varied depending on the reference used. Specifically, the differences ranged from 0.47 to 2.17 weeks for BPD, 0.46 to 2.26 weeks for FOD, and 0.75 to 1.74 weeks for HC. Furthermore, the Pearson correlation coeffi-cient analysis revealed that all correlation coefficients between PACS records and GA pre-dictions using different references were greater than 0.97. In conclusion, the AI model based on fetal brain MRI accurately predicts GA by uti-lizing BPD, FOD, and HC measurements. The AI approach, which involves combining line segments to calculate fetal head circumference, offers improved accuracy and con-venience compared to manual estimation. This study underscores the potential of AI models in accurately estimating gestational age and highlights their utility in prenatal care. By integrating AI as a valuable tool in prenatal care, we can enhance the accuracy, ef-ficiency, and decision-making involved in assessing fetal development and monitoring pregnancies using MRI measurements.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1384.v1

Biomass Allocation, Foliar And Root Production in Boreal Drained Downy Birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) Dominated Peatland Sites

Md Rezaul Karim, Katja T. Rinne-Garmston, Sakari Sarkkola

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: downy birch; biomass allocation; above-ground biomass; stand age; tree diameter; forest peatland.

Online: 20 July 2023 (09:54:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1322.v1

Age and Task Modulate Olfactory Sensitivity in the Florida Carpenter Ant Camponotus floridanus

Stephen T Ferguson, Isaac Bakis, Nicholas D Edwards, Laurence J Zwiebel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: hymenoptera; olfaction; odor coding; task allocation; age polyethism; aging

Online: 19 July 2023 (10:03:17 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1318.v1

Wet and Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Induced by Polyethylene Glycol

Reece Mitchell, Connor Logan, Valeriy V. Lyzogubov, Nalini S. Bora, Puran S. Bora

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Age-related macular degeneration, Choroidal neovascularization, Retinal pigmented epithelium, Fluorescein isothiocyanate

Online: 19 July 2023 (09:24:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1220.v1

PGC-1α Regulates the Interplay between Oxidative Stress, Senescence and Autophagy in the Aging Retina Important in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Iswariyaraja Sridevi Gurubaran, Cezary Watala, Joanna Kostanek, Joanna Szczepanska, Elzbieta Pawlowska, Kai Kaarniranta, Janusz Blasiak

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: age-related macular degeneration; aging retina; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; PGC-1 AMD; cellular senescence; autophagy; oxidative stress

Online: 18 July 2023 (11:09:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0542.v1

Revisiting Retinal Degeneration Hallmarks: Insights from Molecular Markers and Therapy Perspectives

Joao Gabriel Santos Rosa, Geonildo Rodrigo Disner, Felipe Justiniano Pinto, Carla Lima, Monica Lopes-Ferreira

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: eye health; visual impairment; age-related macular degeneration; glaucoma; retinitis pigmentosa; diabetic retinopathy; therapeutic strategies

Online: 10 July 2023 (08:29:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0495.v1

A Component of the Landscape of Medieval Catalonia: the Coombs

Jordi Bolòs

Subject: Arts And Humanities, History Keywords: landscape; Middle Age; Catalonia; cultivated lands; settlement; continuity; erosion; aerial photo-graphs

Online: 7 July 2023 (11:41:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0304.v1

Lipofuscin, Its Origin, Properties, and Contribution to Retinal Fluorescence as a Potential Biomarker of Oxidative Damage to the Retina

Malgorzata B. Rozanowska

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: lipofuscin; retina; fundus autofluorescence; fluorescence imaging; oxidative stress; photooxida-tion; oxidation; biomarker; age-related macular degeneration

Online: 5 July 2023 (10:42:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0246.v1

Higher Virulence of Diplodia seriata on Vines of cv. Cabernet Sauvignon Associated with 10-Year-Old Wood Compared to Young Tissue

Alejandra Larach, Paulina Vega-Celedón, Eduardo Salgado, Aldo Salinas, Natalia Riquelme, Diyanira Castillo-Novales, Paulina Sanhueza, Michael Seeger, Ximena Besoain

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Keywords: Plant–pathogen interactions; Grape trunk diseases; GTD; Botryosphaeria dieback; Pathogenicity; Tissue age, Virulence, Vitis vinifera; Cabernet Sauvignon.

Online: 4 July 2023 (14:05:41 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0167.v1

In-silico Discovery of Genetic Diversity in Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii: A Wild Relative of Cultivated Cucumber

Suniti Rawat, Vikas Kumar Singh, Rahul Kumar, Meenakshi Sharma, Anil Kumar Delta, Parmdeep Singh Dhanda, Alpa Yadav, Prashant Kaushik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Cucumis sativus var hardwickii; VEP; Genomic variation; SNP; SNV

Online: 4 July 2023 (08:55:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0057.v1

The Ratio of cf-mtDNA vs cf-nDNA in the Follicular Fluid of Women Undergoing IVF Is Positively Correlated with Age

Georgia Tsirka, Athanasios Zikopoulos, Kyriaki Papageorgiou, Charilaos Kostoulas, Ioannis Tsigkas, Efthalia Moustakli, Aris Kaltsas, Eleftheria Sarafi, Theologos M Michaelidis, Ioannis Georgiou

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: follicular fluid (FF); mitochondria; cf-mtDNA/cf-nDNA; age; cf-mtDNA; cf-nDNA; IVF; ART; PCOS

Online: 4 July 2023 (03:03:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.2223.v1

Study of the Metrorrhagia of the First Trimester. Early Pregnancy Loss, Importance of Advanced Maternal Age

Laura Baños Cándenas, Daniel Abehsera Davó, Lucía Castaño Frías, Ernesto González Mesa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: First trimester bleeding; Metrorrhagia of the first trimester; Miscarriage; abortion; Early pregnancy loss; Advanced maternal age; emergency room; Preeclampsia; Gestational diabetes; prematurity.

Online: 30 June 2023 (12:25:22 CEST)

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Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the bleeding that occurs during the first weeks of gestation and its implications throughout pregnancy. Secondarily, we studied the associated complications that appeared and tried to identify possible risk factors that could serve to select women at a greater risk of adverse outcomes that could benefit from an early diagnosis and improved monitoring. Materials and Methods: We selected all the women who consulted for first trimester metrorrhagia in the Emergency Department of the Hospital QuirónSalud in Malaga over the year 2015. We refer to first trimester metrorrhagia as that which occurs until week 12+6. Once the pregnant women were identified, we studied certain risk factors already present prior to the gestation and others associated with the gestation and its evolution. Results: After reviewing the visits to the obstetrics and gynecology emergency department, we selected those patients that met the inclusion criteria, resulting in a sample of 696 patients that we followed up. The average age of our patients was 34.1 years, with an average number of visits to the hospital of 1.67, most of them between the 5th and 8th weeks of pregnancy. 45.3% of these pregnancies resulted in a first trimester miscarriage, mainly between weeks 6 and 8. We tried to establish associations in order to identify possible risk factors, finding a relationship between increased maternal age and a higher risk of first trimester pregnancy loss, which rises as maternal age increases (33,37 4,316 years vs 35,01 4,740 years). This increase in risk is proportional to the increase in age. We made subgroups of women over 35 and over 40 and confirmed that increased age led to worse outcomes. We also studied several gestational complications and concluded that they appeared more frequently among older women. These complications include prematurity (33.11 vs 34.48 years), gestational diabetes (33.11 vs 36.06 years) and preeclampsia (33.25 vs 35 years). We reviewed the obstetric history of pregnant women whose gestation resulted in miscarriage and found that 50.5% of them had previously had another loss. Conclusions: Comparing the results with data from the general population, we found that the rate of first trimester miscarriage is up to 3 times higher among women who present bleeding during the first weeks of gestation compared to those who do not develop this complication. Maternal age is a risk factor for first trimester pregnancy loss and for the development of complications associated with pregnancy.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.2066.v1

Age-Friendly Approach Is a Necessary Condition to Prevent Depopulation: The Age-Friendliness Evaluation of Japanese Municipalities by Resident Architectural Designers and Constructors

Kazumasa Yamada, Kenta Murotani, Makiko Mano, Youngmi Lim, Jun Yoshimatsu

Subject: Social Sciences, Demography Keywords: age-friendliness; aging society; rural aging; urban aging; demographic aging; depopulation; land price; single person household; outdoor spaces; Japan

Online: 29 June 2023 (05:20:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.2031.v1

The Impact of Hormesis, Neuronal Stress Response, and Reproduction, Upon Clinical Ageing: A Narrative Review

Marios Kyriazis, Lama Sawas, Tatiana Orlova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aging Keywords: Hormesis; neuronal stress response; neuron-germline communication; neuron-germline conflict; cognitive challenges; enriched environment; age-related degeneration.

Online: 29 June 2023 (02:42:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1504.v1

Candidate Gene Association Studies in Atopic Dermatitis in Participants of European and Asian Ancestry: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Alexandros Pontikas, Charalabos Antonatos, Evangelos Evangelou, Yiannis Vasilopoulos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Atopic Dermatitis; Meta-analysis; Eczema; Association study; polymorphism; SNP; candidate gene

Online: 21 June 2023 (08:29:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1503.v1

Characteristics of Preoperative Arteriosclerosis Evaluated by Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Patients With Osteoarthritis Before Total Knee Arthroplasty

Yoshinori Ishii, HIdeo Noguchi, Junko Sato, Ikuko Takahashi, Hana Ishii, Ryo Ishii, Kei Ishii, Kai Ishii, Shin-ichi Toyabe

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: osteoarthritis; arteriosclerosis; cardio-ankle vascular index; total knee arthroplasty; age; body mass index

Online: 21 June 2023 (08:28:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1283.v1

Understanding the Relationship between Extraversion and Life Satisfaction, with Special Emphasis on the Interaction with Age

Felix Bittmann

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: extraversion; age; life satisfaction; happiness; well being; correlation analysis; regression analysis; functional form

Online: 19 June 2023 (04:16:37 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1115.v1

A Paradigm Shift in the Entertainment Industry in the Digital Age: A Critical Review

Dr. Bharat Dhiman

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Film, Radio And Television Keywords: media; digital media; entertainment; paradigm shift; digital age

Online: 15 June 2023 (09:40:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0870.v1

Paleoproterozoic U Mineralization in Huayangchuan Deposit, Xiaoqinling Area: Evidence From the U-Rich Granitic Pegmatite

Putao Li, Yongjun Li, Pingyang Gu, Shiping He, Yujun Zhuang, Ruiming Chen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geochemistry And Petrology Keywords: Southern Margin of North China Craton; Xiaoqinling; Huayangchuan; Uranium; Pegmatite; Paleoproterozoic; Mineralization age

Online: 13 June 2023 (03:31:13 CEST)

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The Huayangchuan uranium deposit, located in the west of the Xiaoqinling belt on the southern margin of the North China Craton, is a polymetallic deposit dominated by U, Nb, Pb, and rare earth elements. The Huayangchuan uranium deposit, discovered in the 1950s, has long been known as a carbonatite-type uranium deposit. Recently, new geological work has found uranium mineralisation in many granitic pegmatite veins in the Huayangchuan deposit and adjacent areas. Here, we report a systematic investigation of the petrography, whole-rock geochemistry, zircon U-Pb ages, and in situ Lu-Hf isotopic characteristics of newly discovered U-rich granitic pegmatite veins in the west of Huayangchuan deposit. The petrological results showed that the lithology of the samples is equivalent to that of granite. The U-Pb ages of zircon were 1826.3 ± 7.9 and 1829 ± 11 Ma. Microscopically, the symbiotic characteristics of zircon, betafite, and uraninite exist in the intergranular fissures of K-feldspar and quartz, reflecting metallogenic phenomena in the rock formation process. Almost all whole-rock samples were rich in SiO2 (64.37–70.69 wt.%), total alkalis (K2O+Na2O = 8.50–10.30 wt.%), and Al2O3 (12.20–14.41 wt.%), but poor in Ti2O (0.23–0.73 wt.%), MgO (0.38–0.90 wt.%), P2O5 (0.14–0.83 wt.%), MnO (0.04–0.57 wt.%). Additionally, they showed enrichment of LILEs (such as Rb, Ba, Th, U, and K), depletion of HFSEs (such as Ta, Nb, P, Ti, and Hf), no alkaline dark minerals, and the characteristics are typical of intraplate A1-type granite. The A1-type granite displayed low zircon εHf(t) values (-19.42– -15.02) with zircon two-stage Hf model aged 3.10–2.76 Ga, indicating that the U-rich granitic pegmatite was derived predominantly from partial melting of the ancient continental crust (such as the early Taihua group formed in Archean-Neoarchean). Combined with the above results and regional geological data, the U-rich granitic pegmatite discovered in the Huayangchuan deposit was related to granite magma activity that formed in a post-collisional regime after the Luliang movement in the late Palaeoproterozoic. This study suggests that future uranium prospecting work in this area should focus on late Palaeoproterozoic U-rich granitic pegmatites.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0784.v1

Beliz Su Gundogdud, John Gaitanis, James B. Adams, Daniel A. Rossignol, Richard E. Frye

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: antiepileptic drugs; age; autism spectrum disorder; epilepsy; ketogenic diet; mitochondrial dysfunction; modified Atkins diet; neurodevelopmental regression, seizures

Online: 12 June 2023 (07:23:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0738.v1

Effects of Physical Activity Program on Body Composition, Physical Performance, and Neuromuscular Strategies During Walking in Older Adults With Sarcopenic Obesity: Randomized Controlled Trial

Hamza FERHI, Sabri GAIED CHORTANE, Sylvain DURAND, Bruno BEAUNE, Sebastien BOYAS, Wael MAKTOUF

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: age; obesity; gait; physical activity; neuromuscular system; sarcopenia

Online: 12 June 2023 (03:02:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0653.v1

Determinants of Child Nutritional Status among Scheduled Tribes in West Bengal

Manabindra Barman, Dr. Indrajit Roy Chowdhury

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Scheduled tribe; Children; Nutritional status; Under 5years age; Determinant factors

Online: 9 June 2023 (03:04:37 CEST)

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Malnutrition is the main cause of child mortality in developing nations, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asian countries. This undernutrition status is predominantly higher among primitive tribal (ST) children under 5 years of age. The nutritional status of tribal children is a serious concern in India. For this, there should be intends to examine the prevalence and determinants of primitive tribal children's nutritional status. To investigate the effect of household, child’s & maternal characteristics on biological children under 5 years of age. The study aims to find out the association between some selected determinants on scheduled tribe child’s nutritional status. The study used some selected variable of scheduled tribe mothers, household characteristics and their children anthropometric indices from DHS datasets of India, which was published by the NFHS datasets of India. In this study People datasets and Children (Under 5 years of age) of interviewed women file datasets of NFHS-IV & V is taken. The datasets of West Bengal, ST mothers, and their child into consideration as per the research interest. Then to analyze the determinants of ST children (U5 age) nutritional status, some determinant factors are taken from mothers, children and household characteristics. Children’s stunting, wasting and underweight as dependent variable and the mothers, child’s and household’s characteristics as independent variable. The statistical analysis was done by using Pearson Chi square test used to analyze the association between dependent and independent variables. The study results shows that the mother’s educational status, child’s age, birth order, size of child at birth, type of residence had significant associations with stunting. Mother's anemia status and mother age had significant associations with wasting. Mother education, currently breastfeeding, child age, sex of the child, birth order, size of child at birth, type of residence, wealth, toilet facility, and cooking fuel shows a significant association with underweight. The results found that many determinant factors had a significant role among ST children's (U5 age) nutritional status. Thus, the findings will help to achieve tentative resource allocation, and utilization through various programs and policies to improve the ST children (U5 age) nutritional status. There is a need to take a multisectoral and multidimensional approach to develop for those primitive tribal children.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0469.v1

Dynamical Analysis of an Age-Structured Sveir Model With Imperfect Vaccine

Yanshu Wang, Hailiang Zhang

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematical And Computational Biology Keywords: SVEIR model; latent age; imperfect vaccine; Lyapunov functions; stability

Online: 7 June 2023 (02:32:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0389.v1

Body Composition Estimation in Breeding Ewes Using Live Weight and Body Parameters Utilizing Image Analysis

Ahmad Shalaldeh, Shannon Page, Patricia Anthony, Stuart Charters, Majeed Safa, Chris Logan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: body composition; body condition score; body parameters; fat; live weight; ewes condition; im-age analysis

Online: 6 June 2023 (05:54:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0186.v1

Age Estimation in Human Gait Extraction using A Combination of Multi-Energy Image with Invariant Moment

Nasser Al Musalhi, Erbuğ Çelebi

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: age estimation; AFDEI; CNN; human gait; neural networks; GEI; invariant moments

Online: 5 June 2023 (08:12:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0061.v1

Visual Outcomes of Anti-VEGF Treatment on Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Real-World Popula-Tion-Based Cohort Study

Ida Korva-Gurung, Anna-Maria Kubin, Pasi Ohtonen, Nina Hautala

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: neovascular age-related macular degeneration; visual outcomes; anti-VEGF; visual impairment; population-based cohort

Online: 1 June 2023 (08:10:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2257.v1

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Central China based on SNP Markers

Aixia Yang, Xiaolei Ding, Yuan Feng, Tingting Chen, Jianren Ye

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus; SNP; genetic diversity; population differentiation (List three to ten pertinent keywords specific to the article yet reasonably common within the subject discipline.)

Online: 31 May 2023 (13:23:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2151.v1

A Class of Models That Support a Maximum Entropy Principle for Age Structure

Henri Laurie

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Population dynamics; age structure; entropy; Maximum Entropy Principle

Online: 30 May 2023 (13:20:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2034.v1

Does Iodine Intake Play a Role in Modifying the Relationship between Maternal Dysglycemia and Birth Weight?

Yaniv S. Ovadia, Dov Gefel, Yoel Toledano, Shani Rosen, Yael Avrahami-Benyounes, Ludmila Groisman, Efrat Rorman, Lihi Hen, Shlomo Fytlovich, Liora S Katz, Eyal Y Anteby, Simon Shenhav

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: iodine deficiency; glucose challenge test; large for gestational age; thyroglobulin; io-dine-containing supplements; maternal dysglycemia

Online: 30 May 2023 (04:08:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2019.v1

Prognostic Impact of Guidelines-oriented Age Cut-off in Intermediate-to-low Risk Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in a Large Real-world Multicenter Registry

Stefano Benenati, Francesco Gallo, Won-keun Kim, Arif A Khokhar, Tobias Zeus, Stefan Toggweiler, Roberto Galea, Federico De Marco, Antonio Mangieri, Damiano Regazzoli, Bernhard Reimers, Luis Nombela-Franco, Marco Barbanti, Ander Regueiro, Tommaso Piva, Josep Rodes-Cabau, Italo Porto, Antonio Colombo, Francesco Giannini, Alessandro Sticchi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: aortic stenosis; transcatheter aortic valve replacement; age; surgical risk; low-intermediate risk

Online: 29 May 2023 (14:36:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1968.v1

SaBrcada: Survival Intervals Prediction for Breast Cancer Patients by Dimension Raising and Age Stratification

Shih-Huan Lin, Ching-Hsuan Chien, Kai-Po Chang, Min-Fang Lu, Yu-Ting Chen, Yen-Wei Chu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: breast cancer; deep learning; survival analysis; data dimension raising; age stratification

Online: 29 May 2023 (04:52:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1956.v1

Characteristics of Mental Toughness in Young Basketball Players of Different Age Groups

Eimantas Pocius, Romualdas Malinauskas

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: mental toughness skills; young athletes; age groups

Online: 29 May 2023 (04:04:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1780.v1

Molecular Mapping To Identify Stable Salinity-Resilient QTLs From the Novel Landrace Akundi in Two Bi-Parental Populations Using SNP-Based 1k-RiCA Genotyping in Rice

Sheikh Maniruzzaman, M. Akhlasur Rahman, Mehfuz Hasan, Golam Golam Rasul, Abul Hossain Molla, Hasina Khatun, KM Md Iftekharuddaula, Salma Akter

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: genetic loci; salt tolerant indica germplasm (Akundi); single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP); 1k-RiCA; Oryza sativa L.

Online: 25 May 2023 (08:58:09 CEST)

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Achieving high-yield potential is always the ultimate objective of any breeding program. However, various abiotic stresses like salinity, drought, cold, flood, and heat hampered rice productivity tremendously. Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that adversely affect rice grain yield. The present investigation was undertaken to dissect new genetic loci, which are responsible for salt tolerance at the early seedling stage in rice. A bi-parental mapping population (F2:3) was developed from the cross between BRRI dhan28/Akundi, where BRRI dhan28 (BR28) is a salt-sensitive irrigated (boro) rice mega variety and Akundi is a highly salinity tolerant Bangladeshi origin indica rice landrace that is utilized as a donor parent. We report stable QTLs for salt tolerance from a common donor (Akundi) irrespective of two different genetic backgrounds (BRRI dhan49/Akundi and BRRI dhan28/Akundi). A robust 1k-Rice Custom Amplicon (1k-RiCA) SNP marker genotyping platform was used to genotype this bi-parental population. After eliminating markers with high segregation distortion, 886 polymorphic SNPs built a genetic linkage map covering 1526.5 cM of whole rice genome with an average SNP density of 1.72 cM for the 12 genetic linkage groups. A total of 12 QTLs for nine different salt tolerance-related traits were identified using QGene and inclusive composite interval mapping of additive and dominant QTL (ICIM-ADD) under salt stress on seven different chromosomes. All of these 12 new QTLs found unique, as no other map from the previous study has reported these QTLs in the similar chromosomal location and found them different from extensively studied Saltol, SKC1, OsSalT and salT locus. Twenty-eight significant digenic/epistatic interactions identified between chromosomal regions linked to or unlinked to QTLs. Akundi acts like a new alternate donor source of salt tolerance except for other usually known donors like Nona Bokra, Pokkali, Capsule, and Hasawi used in salt tolerance genetic analysis and breeding programs worldwide, including Bangladesh. Integration of the seven novel and stable QTLs (qSES1, qSL1, qRL1, qSUR1, qSL8, qK8, qK1) reported in this investigation will expedite the cultivar development that is highly tolerant to salt stress.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1676.v1

Montane Ecoclines as Social Aggregation Zones in Ancient Central Asia: Agropastoral economies in Jukuu, Kyrgyzstan

Claudia Chang, Sergei S. Ivanov, Robert N. Spengler III, Basira Mir-Makhamad, Perry Alan Tourtellotte

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Ecology Keywords: Agropastoralism; Central Asia; Archaeology; Archaeobotany; Turkic burial mound; Iron Age settlement; Ecotones; Mountainous ecoclines

Online: 24 May 2023 (03:17:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1260.v1

Pharmacological Modulation of Energy and Metabolic Pathways Protects Hearing in the Fus1 KO Model of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress

Winston JT Tan, Joseph Santos-Sacchi, Jane Tonello, Anil Shanker, Alla V Ivanova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aging Keywords: Age-related hearing loss; cochlea; Fus1/Tusc2; mitochondria; mitochondrial dysfunction; oxidative stress; 2-deoxy-D-glucose; Rapamycin; Seahorse Metabolism Analysis

Online: 18 May 2023 (02:25:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1197.v1

Writing in the Digital Era: The Amazing Evolution of Pen and Paper to Screens and Keyboards

Edgar Eslit

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: Digital Age; Digital Era; Evolution of Pen and Paper; Screens and Keyboards

Online: 17 May 2023 (05:39:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1128.v1

Basic Knowledge of Polyamines That Researchers Must Know before Starting Research, and the Relationship of Polyamines to Aging, Health and Disease

Kuniyasu Soda

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aging Keywords: Polyamine; Spermine; Spermidine; Lifespan extension; Polyamine-rich food; age-related disease; Inflammation; Gene methylation; LFA-1

Online: 16 May 2023 (08:39:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1011.v1

Prevalence of Vitamin B₁₂ and Folate Deficiencies in Indian Children and Adolescents

Tattari Shalini, Raghu Pullakhandam, Santu Ghosh, Bharati Kulkarni, Hemalatha Rajkumar, Harshpal S Sachdev, Anura V Kurpad, Geereddy Bhanuprakash Reddy

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Vitamin B12 deficiency; Folate deficiency; School-age children; Adolescents; CNNS

Online: 15 May 2023 (09:45:12 CEST)

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Deficiencies of vitamin B12 (B12) and folate (FA) are of particular interest due to their pleiotropic role in 1-carbon metabolism. In addition to adverse birth outcomes, deficiencies of B12 and FA, or an imbalance in FA/B12 status, are linked to metabolic disorders. Indian diets that are predominantly plant food-based could be deficient in these vitamins, but there are no national estimates of the prevalence of B12 and FA deficiency in Indian children and adolescents, nor of their associations with age, sex, and growth indicators. The recent Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS-2016-18) provided estimates of the prevalence of B12 and FA deficiency at the national and state level among preschool (1-4y: 9,976 and 11,004 children respectively), school-age children (5-9y: 12,156 and 14,125) and adolescents (10-19y: 11,748 and 13,621). Serum B12 and erythrocyte FA were measured by the direct chemiluminescence method and their deficiency was defined using WHO cut-offs. The prevalence of B12 and FA deficiency was high among adolescents (31.0%, CI: 28.7-33.5 and 35.6%, CI: 33.1-8.2), compared to school-age (17.3%, CI: 15.4-19.3 and 27.6%, CI: 25.5-29.9) and preschool children (13.8%, CI: 11.7-16.2 and 22.8%, CI: 20.5-25.2, respectively). The prevalence of both B12 and FA deficiency was significantly higher by 8 and 5% points respectively, in adolescent boys compared to girls. The prevalence of B12 deficiency was higher in moderately stunted school children (by 18.9% points) than in normal children, but no such difference was observed for FA deficiency. There was wide regional variation in the prevalence of B12 and FA deficiency, but no rural-urban differences were observed across all age groups. The national prevalence of B12 deficiency among preschool or school-age children was <20% (the cut-off that indicates a public health problem). However, FA deficiency in these age groups and both FA and B12 deficiencies in adolescents were >20%, which warrants further investigation.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1003.v1

Candida Vaginal Colonization in Pregnancy and Its Perinatal Impact: Cause, Effect or Coincidence?

Tito Ramírez-Lozada, Carlos Enrique Pérez-Serna, Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán, Carlos Enrique Pérez-Serna, Xóchitl Ramírez-Magaña, Eduardo García-Salazar, Estefani Cruz-Tovar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Candida albicans; preterm delivery; premature rupture of membranes; small for gestational age; perinatal mortality

Online: 15 May 2023 (08:50:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0911.v1

Age Profiles for SARS-CoV-2 Variants in England and Wales and States of the USA (2020 to 2022): Impact on All-Cause Mor-Tality

Rodney P Jones, Andrey Ponomarenko

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID–19; all-cause mortality; single year of age; gender; complex system; pathogen interference; seasonality; small RNAs

Online: 12 May 2023 (09:01:29 CEST)

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Since 2020 COVID-19 has caused serious mortality around the world. Given the ambiguity in es-tablishing COVID-19 as the direct cause of death we first investigate the effects of age and sex upon all-cause mortality during 2020 and 2021 in England and Wales. Since infectious agents have their own unique age profile for death, we explore several methods to adjust single year of age deaths in England and Wales during 2019 (the pre-COVID-19 base year) to a pathogen-neutral single year of age baseline. This adjusted base year is then used to confirm the widely reported higher deaths in males for most ages above 43 years in both 2020 and 2021. During 2020 (+ COVID-19 but no vac-cination) both male and female population-adjusted deaths were significantly increased above age 35. A significant reduction in all-cause mortality among both males and females aged 75+ could be demonstrated in 2021 during widespread COVID–19 vaccination, however, below age 75 deaths progressively increased. This finding arises from a mix of vaccination and year of age profiles of deaths for the different SARS-CoV-2 variants. In addition, specific effects for age around puberty were demonstrated where females had higher deaths rather than males. There is evidence that year-of-birth cohorts may also be involved, indicating that immune priming to specific pathogen outbreaks in the past may lead to lower deaths for some birth cohorts. To specifically identify the age profile for the COVID-19 variants in 2020 to 2023, we employ the proportion of total deaths at each age which are potentially due to or ‘with’ COVID-19. The original Wuhan strain, and the Alpha variant show somewhat limited divergence in the age profile with the Alpha variant shifted to a moderately higher proportion of deaths below age 84. The Delta variant specifically targeted persons below age 65. The Omicron variants showed significantly lower proportion of overall mortality, with markedly higher relative proportion of deaths above age 65 steeply increasing with age to a maximum around 100 years of age. A similar age profile for the variants can be seen in the age-banded deaths in US states – although slightly obscured by using age bands rather than single year of age. However, the US data shows that higher male deaths are greatly dependent on age and the COVID-variant. Deaths determined as ‘due to’ COVID-19 (as opposed to ‘involving’ COVID-19) in England and Wales were especially over-estimated in 2021 relative to the change in all-cause mortality. This arose as a by-product of an increase in COVID-19 testing capacity in late 2020. Potential structure-function mechanisms for the year of age specificity of SARS-CoV-2 var-iants are discussed. The question is posed as to whether vaccines based on different variants carry the specific age profile through into the vaccine.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0723.v1

Mammalian Animal & Human Retinal Organ Culture as Pre-clinical Model to Evaluate Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Intraocular Therapeutics

Martina Kropp, Mohit Mohit, Cristina Ioana Leroy-Ciocanea, Laura Schwerm, Nina Harmening, Thais Bascuas, Eline De Clerck, Andreas J. Kreis, Bojan Pajic, Sandra Johnen, Gabriele Thumann

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: retina organ culture; neuroretinal degenerative disease; oxidative stress; antioxidant; age-related macular degeneration (AMD); diabetic retinopathy (DR); Scutellarin; PEDF; GM-CSF; 4R

Online: 10 May 2023 (09:42:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0685.v1

Association of Metabolic Syndrome Components with Kidney Cancer in Young Adult Population : A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea

Hee Yeon Lee, Kyung-Do Han, In Sook Woo, Hyuk-Sang Kwon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Kidney cancer; Metabolic syndrome; Age; Young adults

Online: 10 May 2023 (04:38:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0392.v2

Fusion Learning Methods for the Age-Related Macular Degeneration Detection Based on Multiple Sources of Ophthalmic Digital Data

Mini Han Wang, Junjie Zhou, Zhoujie Tang, Chengde Huang, Jie Yang, Lina Huang, Yi Pan, Kelvin KL Chong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Age-related Macular Degeneration; Artificial Intelligence; Machine Learning; Optical Coherence Tomography; Fundus Autofluorescence; regular fundus photography; Ultra-Widefield Fundus

Online: 8 May 2023 (14:25:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0353.v1

Impact of COVID-19 on Quality of Life in Long-term Advanced Rectal Cancer Survivors

Daniel Anton Blasko, Claudia Schweizer, Tim Fitz, Christoph Schröter, Christopher Sörgel, Annett Kallies, Rainer Fietkau, Luitpold Valentin Distel

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: quality of life; COVID-19; pandemic; rectal cancer; radiochemotherapy; age; sex; stage

Online: 5 May 2023 (10:39:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0165.v1

Computed Tomographic Features of Thymus Gland in Dogs: Correlation with Age, Gender, Breed and Body Fat Content

Mohammad Molazem, Sarang Soroori, Alireza Bahonar, Saghar Karimi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Computed tomography, Thymus Gland, Dog, Age, Gender, Breed, Body Fat

Online: 4 May 2023 (02:59:54 CEST)

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: Background: The thymus gland is the first lymphoid organ formed to regulate a newborn's immunity. It reaches its maximum size during puberty, after which it undergoes an atrophic procedure called involution, but its ability to grow again in response to some stresses, such as infections, neoplasia, surgeries, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy is maintained. There is not any comprehensive study on computed tomographic features of thymus gland in dogs. So, the goal of the present study is to achieve some information about thymus gland using computed tomography as a non-invasive method. Methods: One hundred and fifty dogs classified in 5 age groups and 2 breed groups were entered to this study and the thymus gland was evaluated using 2-slice computed tomography machine. The inclusion criteria for the present study were having normal complete blood count, plain and post-contrast CT scan examination of thoracic region and no history of neoplasia, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The visibility, density, enhancement, grade, size, volume, shape, borders and lateralization of the thymus were evaluated and statistical analysis were performed. The effect of obesity on thymic grade and volume were also investigated. Results: The visibility, density, dorsal length, volume and grade decreased with increasing age. The thymic shape and lateralization were mostly wedge-shaped and left sided respectively. The borders became concave with aging and increasing body fat content caused to increase fatty degeneration of thymus. Conclusions: Declining of thymic density, grade, size and volume with aging was related to thymic involution and fatty degeneration was accelerated by increasing body fat content. Females and Males were different only in thymic shape and small and large breeds were different only in thymic volume. The thymus was visible in some geriatric dogs with no underlying disease. We hope that the present work can be used by radiologists in reading thoracic computed tomography but investigation of thymic characteristics in dogs with neoplasia and history of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and thoracic surgeries can complete this study.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0868.v1

The Relationship between Number of Supernumerary Blastocysts Cryopreserved and Probability of a Live Birth Outcome after Single Fresh Blastocyst Transfer: Analysis of over 10 Thousand Cycles

Yusuf Beebeejaun, Timothy Copeland, Lukasz Polanski, Tarek El Toukhy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: IVF; blastocyst transfer; cryopreservation; live birth; age

Online: 25 April 2023 (03:01:55 CEST)

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The ability to predict the likelihood of a live birth after single fresh embryo transfer is important for treatment planning and managing patient expectation, particularly in their first in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle. Cryopreservation of supernumerary embryos is often regarded as an important prognostic variable and a surrogate marker of success for several reasons. While previous large studies have examined the association between the number of oocytes retrieved and cleavage-stage embryos available, and the odds of a live birth following a fresh embryo transfer, the relationship between the number of supernumerary blastocysts cryopreserved following a fresh embryo transfer has not been rigorously studied. We performed a retrospective analysis of data collected between 2006 and 2018 for all first time IVF patients with a fresh autologous day 5 single blastocyst transfer. The relationship between the likelihood of a live birth and number of supernumerary blastocysts cryopreserved was assessed according to patient age group. In patients aged <35 years and 35-39 years old, the likelihood of a live birth increased linearly from 0.33 (95%CI:0.31–0.34) to 0.80 (95%CI:0.74–0.86; P<.0001) and 0.30 (95%CI:0.28–0.32) to 0.82 (95%CI:0.73–0.91;P<.0001) between 1-6 blastocysts cryopreserved and then non-linearly to 0.95 (95% CI 0.92–0.97; P<.0001) and 0.96 (95%CI:0.93–0.99; P<.0001) if 10 or more blastocysts were cryopreserved, respectively. When aged 40 years and above, the likelihood of a live birth increased linearly from 0.26 (95%CI:0.19–0.32) to 0.83 (95%CI:0.68–0.97; P<.0001) between 1-4 blastocysts cryopreserved and then non-linearly to 0.99 (95%CI:0.98–0.99; P<.0001) if 10 or more blastocysts were cryopreserved. The present study demonstrated a non-linear relationship between the number of supernumerary blastocysts cryopreserved and the likelihood of a live birth after single blastocyst transfer in the first autologous fresh IVF/ICSI cycle across different age groups.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0832.v1

Age of Onset Moderates the Association Between Total Antioxi-Dant Capacity and Cognitive Deficits in Patients With Drug-Naïve Schizophrenia

Jiaxin Li, Deyang Li, Junru Guo, Dongmei Wang, Xiangyang Zhang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: schizophrenia; age of onset; TAOC; cognitive function; oxidative stress

Online: 24 April 2023 (06:22:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0388.v1

Association of TP53 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Prostate Cancer in a Racially Diverse Cohort of Men

Allison Duncan, Darryl Nousome, Randy Ricks, Huai-Ching Kuo, Lakshmi Ravindranath, Albert Dobi, Jennifer Cullen, Shiv Srivastava, Gregory Chesnut, Gyorgy Petrovics, Indu Kohaar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: prostate cancer; SNP; TP53; Pro47Ser; Arg72Pro; African American

Online: 17 April 2023 (03:41:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0248.v1

Effect of Age, Sex, and COVID-19 Vaccination History on All-Cause Mortality: Unexpected Outcomes in a Complex Biological and Social System

Rodney P Jones, Andrey Ponomarenko

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: COVID–19; vaccination; all-cause mortality; age; gender; complex system; pathogen interference; seasonality; miRNAs; nonspecific vaccine effects

Online: 12 April 2023 (07:06:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0192.v1

The Human Extracellular Matrix Diseasome Reveals Genotype-Phenotype Associations with Clinical Implications for Age-Related Diseases

Cyril Statzer, Karan Luthria, Arastu Sharma, Maricel G. Kann, Collin Y. Ewald

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Phenome; Matrisome; Matreotype; Phenotype; Extracellular Matrix; Data Mining; SNP; PheWAS; GWAS; Electronic Health Records; Drug Repurposing; Precision Medicine; Collagen; Human

Online: 10 March 2023 (09:34:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0005.v1

A Re-Inventory After 12 Years – Increase in Red Wood Ant Nests and Woodpecker Cavities in Nests in the West Eifel Volcanic Field Despite Climatic Changes

Gabriele M. Berberich, Martin B. Berberich

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: Red wood ants (Formica rufa-group); tree age classes; West Eifel Volcanic Field; herbaceous layer; woodpecker cavities; clearings; re-inventory; climate change

Online: 1 March 2023 (02:57:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0519.v1

The Effect on HbA1c Levels of Age and Gender in Adults Without Diabetes Mellitus

Gülşen Şener, Esra Deniz Kahvecioğlu, Başak Can, Alper Gümüş, Semih Beyazıt Yeşil, Betül Evran

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; HbA1c; gender; age; correlation

Online: 28 February 2023 (10:39:45 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0147.v1

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA): A Review of the Current Literature

Ahmed Javed, Aishwarya Khanna, Eleanor Palmer, Craig Wilde, Anwar Zaman, Gavin Orr, Dharmalingam Kumudhan, Arun Lakshmanan, Georgios D Panos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Ophthalmic imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Age-related macular degeneration; Glaucoma; Retinal conditions

Online: 8 February 2023 (11:28:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0094.v1

An Unexpected Role for GPR143 in Retinal Homeostasis

Dorothy Tung, Nicole R. Congrove, Anna Gabriela Figueroa, Remington M Bliss, Tawanda Zvavamwe, Brian S. McKay

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Retinal pigment epithelium of the eye; RPE; AMD (Age-related Macular Degeneration); GPR143; L-DOPA; Melanin; Ocular albinism; Exosome; Photoreceptor outer segment; Cathepsin D.

Online: 5 January 2023 (02:58:31 CET)

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Age-related macular degeneration is one of the most common causes of blindness, and the incidence exhibits profound racial bias, occurring most frequently in Caucasians. A primary cell type affected in the disease is the retinal pigment epithelium, but the etiology is unclear. The end 10% of the photoreceptor outer segments are shed each day, and the underlying retinal pigment epithelium engulfs, digests, and recycles molecules back to the sensory retina. In previous work, we showed that GPR143 signaling in response to L-DOPA may be effective in the prevention or delay of age-related macular degeneration. In this study, we explore a novel potential effector of GPR143 signaling, that of outer segment uptake and digestion. Using isolated outer segments, labelled with a pH-sensitive marker to fluoresce in lysosomes, we show that GPR143 signaling does not impact outer segment uptake, but does have a significant effect on subsequent degradation. Interestingly, GPR143 signaling did not affect the digestive capacity of the cells, marked by total proteolytic capacity and cathepsin D activity. Rather, our data suggest GPR143 improved endosomal trafficking efficiency of the phagocytosed outer segments to the lysosome. This result is similar to the effect we previously reported for GPR143 on exosome release from the endosomal compartment. Our data illustrate that GPR143 is active in endosomal traffic A single paragraph of about 200 words maximum. For research articles, abstracts should give a pertinent overview of the work. We strongly encourage authors to use the following style of structured abstracts, but without headings: (1) Background: Place the question addressed in a broad context and highlight the purpose of the study; (2) Methods: briefly describe the main methods or treatments applied; (3) Results: summarize the article’s main findings; (4) Conclusions: indicate the main conclusions or interpretations. The abstract should be an objective representation of the article and it must not contain results that are not presented and substantiated in the main text and should not exaggerate the main conclusions.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0565.v1

Operationalizing Digitainability: Encouraging mindfulness to harness the power of digitalization for sustainable development

Shivam Gupta, Jazmin Campos Zeballos, Gema Del Río Castro, Ana Tomičić, Sergio Andrés Morales, Maya Mahfouz, Isimemen Osemwegie, Vicky Phemia Comlan Sessi, Marina Schmitz, Nady Mahmoud, Mnena Inyaregh

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Digitainability; Digitalization; Sustainability; Artificial Intelligence; Blockchain; Smart homes; Big data; Sustainable Development; SDGs; Technology Assessment Framework; Agenda 2030; Digital Age

Online: 30 December 2022 (01:32:00 CET)

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Digitalization is globally transforming the world with profound implications. It has enormous potential to foster progress toward sustainability. However, in its current form, digitalization also continues to enable and encourage practices with numerous unsustainable impacts affecting our environment, ingraining inequality, and degrading quality of life. There is an urgent need to identify such multifaceted impacts holistically. Impact assessment of digital interventions (DIs) leading to digitalization is important specifically for Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs). Action is required to understand the pursuit of short-term gains toward achieving long-term value-driven sustainable development. We need to understand the impact of DIs on various actors and in diverse contexts. A holistic understanding of the impact it creates will help us align it with visions of sustainable development and identify potential measures to mitigate negative short and long-term impacts. The recently developed Digitainability Assessment Framework (DAF) unveils the impact of DIs with an in-depth context-aware assessment and offers an evidence-based impact profile of SDGs at the indicator level. We performed the impact assessment of diverse technologies using DAF. This paper summarizes the insights from the Digitainable Spring School 2022 on "Sustainability with Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence," one of whose goals was to operationalize the DAF as a tool in the action learning process with diverse professionals in the field of digitalization and sustainability. The DAF guides a holistic context-aware process formulation for a given DI. An evidence-based evaluation within the DAF protocol benchmarks a specific DI’s impact against the SDG indicators framework. The operationalization of the DAF was carried out by looking at four different DIs: smart home technologies (SHT) for energy efficiency, blockchain for food security, artificial intelligence for land use cover and changes (LUCC), and big data for international law. Each of the four studies addresses different DIs for digitainability assessment using different techniques for a diverse group of indicators, demonstrating the potential of the DAF but also outlining the existing data gaps that limit a comprehensive analysis.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0179.v1

“Animal-style art,” and special finds at Iron Age settlements in Southeastern Kazakhstan: Commodity Production, Trade, and Pathways during the Iron Age

Claudia Chang, Sergei Sergievich Ivanov

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Archaeology Keywords: zoomorphic art; Saka nomadic tradition; horse and weaponry gear; etched carnelian beads; Iron Age agropastoral settlements; world-systems analysis

Online: 9 December 2022 (10:20:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0152.v1

Eugenio Martelli, Matilde Zamboni, Giovanni Sotgiu, Laura Saderi, Massimo Federici, Giuseppe Massimo Sangiorgi, Mariangela Valentina Puci, Allegra Rosa Martelli, Teresa Messina, Paolo Frigatti, Maria Pia Borrelli, Carlo Ruotolo, Ilaria Ficarelli, Paolo Rubino, Francesco Pezzo, Luciano Carbonari, Andrea Angelini, Edoardo Galeazzi, Luca Calia Di Pinto, Franco Michelino Fiore, Armado Palmieri, Giorgio Ventoruzzo, Giulia Mazzitelli, Franco Ragni, Antonio Bozzani, Enzo Forliti, Claudio Castagno, Pietro Volpe, Mafalda Massara, Diego Moniaci, Elisa Pagliasso, Tania Peretti, Mauro Ferrari, Nicola Troisi, Pietro Modugno, Maurizio Maiorano, Umberto Marcello Bracale, Marco Panagrosso, Mario Monaco, Giovanni Giordano, Giuseppe Natalicchio, Antonella Biello, Giovanni Maria Celoria, Alessio Amico, Mauro Di Bartolo, Massimiliano Martelli, Roberta Munaó, Davide Razzano, Giovanni Colacchio, Francesco Bussetti, Gaetano Lanza, Antonio Cardini, Bartolomeo Di Benedetto, Mario De Laurentis, Maurizio Taurino, Pasqualino Sirignano, Pierluigi Cappiello, Andrea Esposito, Santi Trimarchi, Silvia Romagnoli, Andrea Padricelli, Giorgio Giudice, Adolfo Crinisio, Giovanni Di Nardo, Giuseppe Battaglia, Rosario Tringale, Salvatore De Vivo, Rita Compagna, Valerio Stefano Tolva, Ilenia D'Alessio, Ruggiero Curci, Simona Giovannetti, Giuseppe D'Arrigo, Giusi Basile, Dalmazio Frigerio, Gian Franco Veraldi, Luca Mezzetto, Arnaldo Ippoliti, Fabio Massimo Oddi, Alberto Maria Settembrini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: chronic limb-threatening ischemia; outcome; sex; age; limb salvage

Online: 8 December 2022 (09:39:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0081.v1

The Use of Low-Density SNP Array for Identification of Interspecific Introgressions of Genetic Material from the Bread Wheat into Homologous Chromosomes of the Durum Wheat

Aleksey Ermolaev, Aleksey Yanovskij, Varvara Korobkova, Gennady Karlov, Mikhail Divashuk

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: bread wheat; durum wheat; introgression; homologous chromosomes; SNP microarray; functional enrichment

Online: 5 December 2022 (15:30:20 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0350.v2

Recent Advances in Proteomic-based Approaches to Study Age-related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review

Laura García-Quintanilla, Lorena Rodríguez-Martínez, Enrique Bandín-Vilar, María Gil-Martinez, Miguel González-Barcia, Cristina Mondelo-García, Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro, Jesús Mateos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Proteomics, Age-related macular degeneration, inflammation, biomarker, oxidative stress.

Online: 21 November 2022 (02:35:09 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0320.v1

Potential Synergistic Supplementation of NAD+ Promoting Compounds as a Strategy for Increasing Healthspan

Arastu Sharma, Sophie Chabloz, Elisabeth M. Roider, Collin Y. Ewald

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: aging; longevity; supplements; geroprotectors; SIRT1; NAD+; NMN; resveratrol; nutraceuticals; age-related diseases; flavonoids; senolytics; healthspan

Online: 17 November 2022 (02:51:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0278.v1

Association between Knowledge about Anemia, Food Consumption Behaviors, and Hematocrit Level among School-Age Children in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand

Pastraporn Kaewpawong, Kiatkamjorn Kusol, Onuma Bunkarn, Sirigran Sutthisompohn

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: knowledge; food consumption behaviors; hematocrit level; school-age children

Online: 19 October 2022 (10:06:28 CEST)

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Anemia is a significant public health problem among children, especially school-age children because their body quickly produces red blood cells to provide sufficient blood volume with plasma expansion to maintain blood concentration. This research aimed to study the anemia situation, knowledge about anemia, food consumption behaviors, and the association between knowledge, food consumption behaviors, and hematocrit level among school-age children in primary school, in Thasala district, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. This is a descriptive study among 408 students, Grades 4 to 6, aged 9-12 years. Research instruments included the demographic data of the children and their knowledge about anemia, food consumption behaviors, and hematocrit assessment. Data were analyzed using descriptive, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, and logistic regression statistics. The results revealed that 23.2% of the samples had anemia, whereas 22.22% had mild anemia and 0.98% had moderate anemia. The children knew about anemia, where the mean score was at a moderate level (Mean= 6.63; SD= 2.51) out of 10. The mean score on food consumption behaviors was in the moderate level (Mean= 17.49; SD= 3.68) out of 24. There were significantly positive correlations between the knowledge about anemia and the hematocrit level at a moderate level (r= 0.45, p< 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed moderate food consumption behaviors with the hematocrit level (r= 0.40, p< 0.001). When confirm with Logistic regression found that knowledge about anemia (OR = 9.15, 95% CI: 4.57-18.34), and food consumption behaviors (OR = 19.09, 95% CI: 9.71-37.53) were significantly associated with the hematocrit level. Conclusions: This study showed that knowledge and appropriate food consumption behaviors are associated with hematocrit levels. Enhancing knowledge about anemia and food consumption behaviors may be reduced the prevalence of anemia in school-age children. The health care providers in primary care should be encouraged children to have health education and eat sufficient food.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0301.v1

Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Resistance to Warrior (-) Yellow Rust Race at the Seedling Stage in Current Central and Northern European Winter Wheat Germplasm

Fahimeh Shahinnia, Volker Mohler, Lorenz Hartl

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Warrior (-) race; stripe rust; GWAS; Yr29/Lr46 gene; European wheat; SNP marker

Online: 20 September 2022 (09:58:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0291.v1

Multidimensional Machine Learning on 2173 COVID-19 Patients in Vietnam

Tue Trong Nguyen *, Tu Cam Ho *, Huong Thi Thu Bui *, Ulrike Protzer, Van Thanh Ta

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; Multidimensional Analysis; HCA; Hierarchical cluster analysis; regression analysis; mild; moderate; severe; Age; Score index of the chest X-ray; percentage and quantity of neutrophils; Albumin; C reactive protein; ratio of Lymphocytes

Online: 20 September 2022 (04:50:36 CEST)

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INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the study was to determine (a) the overall preclinical character; (b) the cumulative cutoff values and the risk ratio, and (c) the factors associated with severity by a unidimensional and multidimensional analysis on 2173 Sars-Cov2 patients. METHODS: The machine learning study population consisted of 2173 patients (1587 mild and non symptoms patients, 377 moderate patients, 209 severe patients). The status of the patients was recorded from September 2021 to March 2022. RESULTS: The Covid19 Severity directly links with a significant correlation to Age, Score index of the chest X-ray, percentage and quantity of neutrophils, Albumin, C reactive protein, and ratio of Lymphocytes. Their important cut off values (from regression analysis) respectively are: 77.56 years old (the mild-moderate group), 5.53 (the mild-moderate group) and 10.51 (the moderate-severe group), 84.80% (the mild-moderate group) and 87.74%(the moderate-severe group), 11.77G/L (the moderate-severe group), 29.73g/L (the moderate-severe group), 7.46mg/dL (the mild-moderate group), 6.32% (the moderate-severe group). Their significant (p<0.0001) R score correlation with the severity of Covid19, are: 0.44, 0.52 and 0.52, 0.33 and 0.44, 0.42, -0.43, 0.40, -0.41. Their significant risk ratio (p<0.00001) from the meta-analysis, respectively are: 4.19 [3.58-4.95], 3.29 [2.76-3.92] and 3.03 [2.4023;3.8314], 3.18 [2.73-3.70] and 3.32 [2.6480;4.1529], 3.15 [2.6153;3.8025], 3.4[2.91-3.97], 0.46 [0.3650;0.5752] (p<0.00001), 0.34 [0.2743;0.4210]. The pair ALT – Leucocytes and Transferrin – Anion Chloride get the most important correlation shift. ALT – Leucocytes show the important negative link (R=-1, p<0.00001) in the mild group to the significant positive correlation in the moderate group (R=1, p<0.00001). Transferrin–anion Chloride has an important positive association (R=1, p<0.00001) in the mild group with a significant negative correlation in the moderate group (R=-0.59, p<0.00001). The network map and HCA show that in the mild-moderate group, the closest neighbors with the Covid19 severity are ferritins, Age. Then there is C-reactive protein, SI of X-ray, Albumin, and Lactate dehydrogenase, which are the next close neighbors of these three factors. In the moderate-severe group, the closest neighbors with the Covid19 severity are Ferritin, Fibrinogen, Albumin, the quantity of Lymphocytes, SI of X-ray, white blood cells count, Lactate dehydrogenase, and quantity of neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS: Complete multidimensional study in 2173 Covid19 patients in Vietnam shows the whole picture of all the preclinical factors, which may become the clinical reference marker for surveillance and diagnostic management

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0209.v1

Green and Healthy —Age Effects in Use and Perception of Urban Green Spaces and their Impact on Personal Health and Well-being during COVID-19 Pandemic

Karolina Taczanowska, Donna Tansil, Jacqueline Wilfer, Alexandra Jiricka-Pürrer

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Urban green areas; health; urban health; emotional health; physical health; well-being; nature; environmental medicine; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 pandemic; Vienna; Austria, environmental perception; pandemic; human nature relationship; recreation; age

Online: 14 September 2022 (12:08:02 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0063.v1

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Unvaccinated High Risk Pregnant Women in the Bronx, NY is Associated with Placental Abnormalities, Shorter Gestation and Lower Apgar Scores

Sandra Reznik, Patricia Vuguin, Rasha Khoury, Olivier Loudig, Ridin Balakrashnian, Susan Fineberg, Francine Hughes, Malini Harigopal, Maureen J. Charron

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Placental Pathology; Apgar Scores; Gestational Age; Under-resourced Patient Population

Online: 5 September 2022 (13:17:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0176.v1

Psychometric Evaluation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 8-items (DASS-8)/DASS-12/DASS-21 among Italian and Swiss Family Caregivers of Patients with Dementia

Amira Ali, Rana Ali Alameri, Amin Omar Hendawy, Rasmieh Al-Amer, Ghada Shahrour, Esraa M. Ali, Abdulmajeed A. Alkhamees, Nashwa Ibrahim, Bothaina Hussein Hassan

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: psychological distress/anxiety/depression; dementia; Alzheimer’s disease; Parkinson’s disease; short form of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21; Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 8-items; factor structure; psychometric properties; structural validity; validation; measurement invariance; old age/elders/elderly; informal; family caregivers; spouse; adult children

Online: 9 August 2022 (08:44:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0121.v1

Factors Modulating COVID-19: A Mechanistic Understanding Based on the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework

Laure-Alix Clerbaux, Maria Cristina Albertini, Núria Amigó, Anna Beronius, Gillina F.G. Bezemer, Sandra Coecke, Evangelos P. Daskalopoulos, Giusy Del Giudice, Dario Greco, Lucia Grenga, Alberto Mantovani, Amalia Muñoz, Elma Omeragic, Nikolaos Parissis, Mauro Petrillo, Laura A. Saarimäki, Helena Soares, Kristie Sullivan, Brigitte Landesmann

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 infection; COVID-19; modulating factors; Adverse Outcome Pathway; sex; age; co-morbidities; lifestyle; environment; pre-existing conditions

Online: 8 June 2022 (09:47:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0091.v1

Assessing the Effectiveness of Tobacco 21 Laws to Reduce Underage Access to Tobacco: Protocol for a Repeated Multi-Site Study

Mary Hrywna, Amanda Kong, Christopher Ackerman, Shawna Hudson, Cristine Delnevo

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: tobacco age of sale; tobacco policy; youth; young adults

Online: 7 June 2022 (03:44:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0409.v1

Are There Sex Differences in Self-Reported Childhood Maltreatment in Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorders? A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Daniela Caldirola, Tatiana Torti, Francesco Cuniberti, Silvia Daccò, Alessandra Alciati, Koen Schruers, Giovanni Martinotti, Domenico De Berardis, Giampaolo Perna

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: childhood trauma; major depressive disorder; bipolar disorder; sex difference; age

Online: 31 May 2022 (03:39:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0224.v1

SIG-1451, A Novel, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Compound, Attenuates Light-Induced Photoreceptor Degeneration by Inhibiting Microglial Activation

Yuki Kikuchi, Eriko Sugano, Shiori Yuki, Kitako Tabata, Yuka Endo, Yuya Takita, Reina Onoguchi, Taku Ozaki, Tomokazu Fukuda, Yoshihiro Takai, Takahiro Kurose, Koichi Tanaka, Yoichi Honma, Eduardo Perez, Maxwell Stock, Jose Fernandez, Masanori Tamura, Michael Voronkov, Jeffry B Stock, Hiroshi Tomita

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: age-related macular degeneration; light-induced photoreceptor degeneration; anti-inflammatory drug; toll-like receptor 4

Online: 17 May 2022 (08:03:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0219.v1

Ancient Agricultural and Pastoral Landscapes on the South Side of Lake Issyk-Kul: Preliminary Surveys of the Juuku Valley and Lower Kizil Suu Valley, Archaeobotanical Results of Three Stratigraphic Profiles, and GIS Modeling of Iron Age in Lower Kizil Suu

Claudia . Chang, Sergeo Sergievich Ivanov, Perry Alan Tourtellotte, Robert N. Spengler III, Basira Mir-Makhamad, David Kramar

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Archaeology Keywords: archaeological landscapes; Iron Age; Medieval period; agriculture; pastoralism; vertical zonation, Issyk-Kul Lake; archaeobotany; GIS mapping

Online: 17 May 2022 (03:29:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0084.v1

Incidence, Mortality, Disability-Adjusted Life Years, and Trends of Prostate Cancer in Mexico from 2000 to 2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Saul A. Beltran-Ontiveros, Martha A. Fernandez-Galindo, Jose M. Moreno-Ortiz, Jose A. Contreras-Gutierrez, Jesus Madueña-Molina, Elyakim Arambula-Meraz, Emir Leal-Leon, Delia M. Becerril-Camacho, Veronica J. Picos-Cardenas, Carla Angulo-Rojo, Diana Z. Velazquez, Francisco Jimenez-Trejo, Francisco Gallardo-Vera, Daniel Diaz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Age-standardized rate; Burden of disease; Cancer epidemiology; Malign neoplasm; Sociodemographic index; Subnational heterogeneity

Online: 6 May 2022 (14:47:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0010.v1

Age Analysis of Status Updating System with Probabilistic Packet Preemption

Jixiang Zhang, Yinfei Xu

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: age of information; discrete time status updating system; probabilistic preemption; probability generation function; stationary distribution

Online: 4 May 2022 (13:15:56 CEST)

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The age of information (AoI) metric was proposed to measure the freshness of messages obtained at the terminal node of a status updating system. In this paper, the AoI of discrete time status updating system with probabilistic packet preemption is investigated by analyzing the steady state of a three-dimensional discrete stochastic process. Assuming the queue used in system is Ber/Geo/1/2*/η, which represents that the system size is 2 and the packet in buffer can be preempted by fresher packet with probability η. Instead of considering system’s AoI separately, we use a three-dimensional state vector (n,m,l) to simultaneously track the real time changes of the AoI, the age of packet in server, and the age of packet waiting in buffer. We give the explicit expression of system’s average AoI, and show that the average AoI of system without packet preemption is obtained by letting η=0. When η is set to 1, the mean of AoI of system having Ber/Geo/1/2* queue is obtained as well. Combining the results we have obtained and comparing them with corresponding average continuous AoIs, we propose a possible relationship between average discrete AoI with Ber/Geo/1/c queue and the average continuous AoI with M/M/1/c queue. For each of two extreme cases where η=0 and η=1, we also determine the stationary distribution of AoI using the probability generation function (PGF) method. The relations between average AoI and the packet preemption probability η, as well as AoI’s distribution curves in two extreme cases are illustrated by numerical simulations. Notice that the probabilistic packet preemption may occur, for example, in an energy harvest (EH) node of wireless sensor network, where the packet in buffer can be replaced only when the node collects enough energy. In particular, to exhibit the usefulness of our idea and methods and highlight the merits of considering discrete time systems, in this paper we give much more explanations showing that how the results about continuous AoI is derived by analyzing the corresponding discrete time system, and how the discrete age analysis is generalized to the system with multiple sources. In terms of packet service process, we also propose our idea to analyze system’s AoI when the service time distribution is relaxed to be arbitrary.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0413.v3

Hybrid HCNN-KNN Model Enhances Age Estimation Accuracy in Orthopantomography

Fatemeh Sharifonnasabi, Noor Jhanjhi, Jacob John, Peyman Obeidy, Shahab Shamshirband, Hamid Alinejad Rokny, Mohammed Baz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: Dental Age Measurement; Dental Radiography; Orthopantomogram; Convolutional Neural Network; K-Nearest Neighbour; Health Data Analytics; Biomedical Machine Learning

Online: 12 April 2022 (10:12:48 CEST)

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Age estimation in dental radiographs Orthopantomography (OPG) is a medical imaging technique that physicians and pathologists utilise for disease identification and legal matters. For example, for estimating post-mortem interval, detecting child abuse, drug trafficking, and identifying an unknown body. Recent development in automated image processing models improved the age estimation's limited precision to an approximate range of +/- one year. While this estimation is often accepted as accurate measurement, age estimation should be as precise as possible in most serious matters, such as homicide. Current age estimation techniques are highly dependent on manual and time-consuming image processing. Age estimation is often a time-sensitive matter in which the image processing time is vital. Recent development in Machine learning-based data processing methods has decreased the imaging time processing; however, the accuracy of these techniques remains to be further improved. We proposed an ensemble method of image classifiers and transfer learning techniques to enhance the accuracy of age estimation using OPGs from one year to a couple of months (1-3-6). This hybrid model is based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and K nearest neighbours (KNN). The hybrid (HCNN-KNN) model was used to investigate 1,922 panoramic dental radiographs of patients aged 15 to 23. These OPGs were obtained from the various teaching institutes and private dental clinics in Malaysia. To minimise the chance of overfitting in our model, we used the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm and eliminated the features with high correlation. To further enhance the performance of our hybrid model, we performed systematic image pre-processing. We applied a series of classifications to train our model. We have successfully demonstrated that combining these innovative approaches has improved the classification and segmentation and thus the age-estimation outcome of the model. Our findings suggest that our innovative model, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, successfully estimated the age in classified studies of one year old, six months, three months and one-month-old cases with accuracies of 99.98, 99.96, 99.87, and 98.78 respectively.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0218.v3

Landscape and Settlement over 4 Millennia on the South Side of Lake Issyk kul, Kyrgyzstan: Preliminary Results of Survey Research in 2019-2021

Claudia Chang, Sergei Sergievich .Ivanov, Perry Alan Tourtellotte

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Archaeology Keywords: Archaeological survey; Inner Tian Shan Mountain region; Iron Age; Medieval period; agropastoralism

Online: 3 March 2022 (07:44:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0314.v1

Mindful Application of Digitalization for Sustainable Development: The Digitainability Assessment Framework

Shivam Gupta, Jakob Rhyner

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Digitalization; Sustainable digitalization; Artificial Intelligence; Sustainable Development; SDGs; Assessment Framework; Mindful; Digital Age; Digitainability

Online: 24 February 2022 (11:03:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0192.v1

Inequalities in Temporal Effects on Cervical Cancer Mortality in States in Different Geographic Regions of Brazil: An Ecological Study

Karina Cardoso Meira, Carinne Magnago, Angelo Braga Mendonça, Stephane Fernanda Soares Duarte, Pedro Henrique Oliveira de Freitas, Juliano dos Santos, Dyego Leando Bezerra de Souza, Taynãna César Simões

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: uterine cervical neoplasms; mortality; age-period-cohort analysis; forecasting; Brazil

Online: 16 February 2022 (05:03:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0178.v1

Genome-Wide Genomic and Functional Association Study for Workability and Calving Traits in Holstein Cattle

Michalina Jakimowicz, Barbara Kosińska-Selbi, Tomasz Suchocki, Andrzej Zarnecki, Wojciech Jagusiak, Małgorzata Morek-Kopeć, Joanna Szyda

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: GO: terms; GWAS; KEGG; SNP

Online: 14 February 2022 (15:50:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0164.v1

The Impact of Rare Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Variants on the Genomic Evaluation of Dairy Cattle

Tomasz Suchocki, Michalina Jakimowicz, Andrzej Zarnecki, Arkadiusz Dziech, Joanna Szyda

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: rare variants; genome-wide association study; validation test; SNP chip; genomic selection

Online: 11 February 2022 (15:59:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0093.v2

Nanotechnology Applications Towards Sustainable Road Sur-face Maintenance and Effective Asset Protection, Generating Rapid Employment Opportunities in a Post COVID-19 Era

Gerrit J Jordaan, Wynand J vdM Steyn

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: nanotechnology applications in road maintenance; preventative road surface maintenance; nanotechnology clear-seals; New-age (Nano) Modified Emulsions (NME); pot-hole repairs; modified binder slurry seals; hydrophobic slurries; hydrophobic road surface sealants; labour intensive maintenance; rapid employment creation through nanotechnology usage in road maintenance

Online: 25 January 2022 (17:34:49 CET)

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: Nanotechnology options to road surface maintenance offers several advantages compared to traditionally used materials. The small particle sizer of hydrophobic Nano-Silane modified Nano-Polymers (NSNP) enables these nanotechnology products to deeply penetrate existing road surfaces, sealing micro-cracks and render surfacings to be water-resistant for extended periods of time. In comparison, traditionally used products contain minimum partial sizes of about 1 – 5 microns, that provide a superficial protection that wears off in a relatively short period of time. These traditional products are often associated with vehicle contamination while drying and requires the re-instatement of road markings. None of these disadvantages are associated with applicable NSNP technologies that are quick drying, with no vehicle contamination risks and is equivalent to a “clear-seal” requiring no reinstatement of road markings. In a similar vein, pot-hole repairs can be done using applicable, easy to use, pre-packed and treated pot-hole repair kits that are water-repellent and quick-drying at a fraction of the costs of conventional cold-mix products. Resurfacing using NME binder slurries can be done labour-intensively on a pre-treated NSNP surfacing, restoring cracked surfacing and providing a water-resistant long-lasting protective layer without the removal of existing cracked areas. The implementation of nanotechnology solutions for road surface maintenance operations is directly associated with ease of use, labour-intensive operations, prevention of considerable deterioration in riding quality due to removal and manual re-instatement of cracked surfaces, time and cost savings and a reduction in the risk of water damage to the sub-structure. TRANSLATE with x English ArabicHebrewPolish BulgarianHindiPortuguese CatalanHmong DawRomanian Chinese SimplifiedHungarianRussian Chinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovak CzechItalianSlovenian DanishJapaneseSpanish DutchKlingonSwedish EnglishKoreanThai EstonianLatvianTurkish FinnishLithuanianUkrainian FrenchMalayUrdu GermanMalteseVietnamese GreekNorwegianWelsh Haitian CreolePersian TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back TRANSLATE with x English ArabicHebrewPolish BulgarianHindiPortuguese CatalanHmong DawRomanian Chinese SimplifiedHungarianRussian Chinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovak CzechItalianSlovenian DanishJapaneseSpanish DutchKlingonSwedish EnglishKoreanThai EstonianLatvianTurkish FinnishLithuanianUkrainian FrenchMalayUrdu GermanMalteseVietnamese GreekNorwegianWelsh Haitian CreolePersian TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0030.v1

Practical Application of Nanotechnology Solutions in Pavement Engineering: Addressing Practical Road Construction Related Problems Using Marginal Materials Stabilised With New-Age (Nano) Modified Emulsions (Nme) Towards Sustainable Roads

Gerrit J Jordaan, Wynand J vdM Steyn

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: New-age (Nano) Modified Emulsion (NME) stabilisation; identifying construction problems; preventing construction related problems; material related problems; constructability using nanotechnology applications; nano-silane stabilisation of granular materials; construction quality control problems; construction equipment problems; practical implementation of nano-silane stabilisation.

Online: 11 January 2022 (10:37:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0019.v1

Glacier Recession in Altay Mountains after the LIA Maximum

Dmitry Ganyushkin, Kirill Chistyakov, Ekaterina Derkach, Dmitriy Bantcev, Elena Kunaeva, Anton Terekhov, Valeriia Rasputina

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: glaciers; Little Ice Age; reconstruction; retreat; Altai

Online: 4 January 2022 (20:30:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0424.v1

Social Networking in Adolescents: Time, Type and Motives of Using, Social Desirability and Communication Choices

Marta Tremolada, Lucio Silingardi, Livia Taverna

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Social networking; adolescents; communication; motives of use; social desirability; gender differences; age differences

Online: 27 December 2021 (11:24:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0348.v1

Genomic Regions Influencing Preharvest Sprouting Tolerance in Two Doubled-Haploid Wheat Populations (Triticum aestivum L.)

Thobeka Philile Khumalo, Tsepiso Hlongoane, Annelie Barnard, Toi John Tsilo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: phenotypic selection; preharvest sprouting tolerance; QTL mapping analysis; silicoDArT; SNP; wheat

Online: 21 December 2021 (14:13:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0283.v1

Snapshot of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Phylogenetics from an Indian State of Arunachal Pradesh Bordering China

Rashmi S Mudliar, Umay Kulsum, Syed Beenish Rufai, Mika Umpo, Moi Nyori, Sarman Singh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: DST; MGIT-960; WGS; cgMLST; SNP barcoding; phylogeny

Online: 17 December 2021 (08:20:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0238.v1

Genetic Risks and Demographic History of Indigenous Goats of Mongolia Revealed by SNP Genotyping

Alexey Piskunov, Vera Mukhina, Gulnara Svishcheva, Valery Voronkova, Yurii Stolpovsky

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SNP; Mongolian goats; conservational genetics; genotyping

Online: 14 December 2021 (13:25:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0506.v1

A Retrospective Cohort Study of the Clinical Features, Pathological Characteristics, and Molecular Classification in Reproductive Age Patients with Endometrial Cancer who Experienced Unsuccessful Fertility-sparing Treatment

Tong Yu, Xi-Wen Zhang, Ping-Li Sun, Abdulkarim Mohamed Farah, Yan Jia

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: endometrial cancer; fertility-sparing management; molecular classification; reproductive age; pregnancy

Online: 26 November 2021 (12:42:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0405.v1

Regional Precipitation Trends Since 1500 Ce, Reconstructed from Calcite Sublayers of a Varved Mediterranean Lake Record (Central Pyrenees)

Teresa Vegas-Vilarrúbia, Juan Pablo Corella, Javier Sigró, Valentí Rull, Isabel Dorado, Blas Valero, Emilia Gutiérrez

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Authigenic varves; Autumn precipitation; Climate warming; Little Ice Age; Transfer function model; Water resources

Online: 22 November 2021 (14:21:49 CET)

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The Mediterranean is one of the regions of the world where human-induced climate warming is expected to have large impacts on water and environmental resources. To predict shifts in the current climate system, more regional climate records, including seasonal-to-century scale variability spanning longer than the instrumental periods, are needed. To help fill this gap, we provide a reconstruction of autumn precipitation variations for the Central Pyrenees range since 1500 Common Era (CE) using the varved sediments of Lake Montcortès. To assess the suitability of the calcite sublayer width of the sediments of this lake as a proxy for precipitation anomalies, we performed an analysis and smoothing of the temporal structure of the width series, calibration of the new series with the available instrumental climate records, calculation of a transfer function and testing and comparison of the reconstructed series against available empirical data.The prediction model was statistically robust and showed that the climatic signal was captured in the calcite sublayers. The reconstruction provides the first estimations of regional autumn precipitation shifts in the Central Pyrenees at annual resolution, since 1500 CE. Pronounced interdecadal shifts in precipitation were noticeable; no increasing nor decreasing linear trends or periods of extreme precipitation events were identified. The reconstructed precipitation anomalies suggest a decrease in rainfall during the coldest phase within the coldest period of the Little Ice Age and also during the 20^th century, probably associated to current Global Warming. Correlations between autumn precipitation and the North Atlantic Oscillation, Western Mediterranean Oscillation and Southern Oscillation indices were weak to moderate. A potential relationship with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation pattern is suggested. The reconstructed autumn precipitation trends are coherent with other palaeohydrological reconstructions in similar Mediterranean settings, and consistent at a regional level.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0326.v1

Sustained Effects of Muscle Calpain System Genotypes on Tenderness Phenotypes of South African Beef Bulls during Ageing up to 20 Days

Annie Basson, Phillip E. Strydom, Esté van Marle-Köster, Edward C. Webb, Lorinda Frylinck

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SNP; calpaincalpastatin system genes; genomic association; tenderization; ageing

Online: 18 November 2021 (13:48:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0264.v1

Timothy Gustavo Cavazzotto, Natã Gomes de Lima Stavinski, Marcos Roberto Queiroga, Michael Pereira da Silva, Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino, Helio Serassuelo Junior, Edgar Ramos Vieira

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: exercise; marriage; sedentary behavior; gender; age groups; behavioral risk factors surveillance system

Online: 15 November 2021 (13:44:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0112.v1

Use of Advanced Artificial Intelligence in Forensic Medicine

Andrej Thurzo, Helena Svobodová Kosnáčová, Veronika Kurilová, Silvester Kosmeľ, Radoslav Beňuš, Norbert Moravanský, Peter Kováč, Kristína Mikuš Kuracinová, Michal Palkovič, Ivan Varga

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: forensic medicine; forensic dentistry; forensic anthropology; 3D CNN; AI; deep learning; biological age determination; sex determination; 3D cephalometric; AI face estimation; growth prediction

Online: 5 November 2021 (10:00:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0028.v1

Association of Maternal Observation and Motivation (MOM) Program with M-Health Support on Maternal and Newborn Health

Premalatha Paulsamy, Vigneshwaran Easwaran, Rizwan Ashraf, Krishnaraju Venkatesan, Mervat Moustafa, Absar Ahmed Qureshi, Kousalya Prabahar, Kalaiselvi Periannan, Rajalakshimi Vasudevan, Geetha Kandasamy, Kumarappan Chidambaram, Ester Mary Pappiya, Kumar Venkatesan, Vani Manoharan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: pregnant mothers, physical activity; maternal wellbeing; antenatal mothers; newborn outcomes; m-health; low birth weight; small for gestation; gestation age; hemoglobin

Online: 1 November 2021 (17:50:14 CET)

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Maternal and child nutrition has been a critical component of health, sustainable development, and progress in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). While a decrement in maternal mortality is an important indicator, simply surviving pregnancy and childbirth does not imply better maternal health. One of the fundamental obligations of nations under international human rights law is to enable mothers and teenage girls to endure pregnancy and delivery as an aspect of their enjoyment of reproductive and sexual health and rights and live a dignified life. The aim of this study was to discover the correlation between the Maternal Observation and Motivation (MOM) program and m-Health support for maternal and newborn health. A Comparative study was done among 109 pregnant mothers (study group-94; control group-102 mothers) with not less than 20 weeks of gestation. Maternal outcomes such as Hb, weight gain and newborn results like birth weight and crown- heel length was obtained on the baseline, 28 and 36 weeks of gestation. Other secondary data collected were abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight, major congenital malformations, twin or triplet pregnancies, physical activity and maternal wellbeing. The MOM intervention included initial face to face education, three in-person visits and eight virtual health coaching by WhatsApp. The baseline data on Hb of the mothers show that 31(32.98%) vs 27(28.72%) of the study and control group had anaemia, which improved to 27.66% and 14.98% among study group mothers at 28 and 36 weeks of gestation (p<0.001). The weight gain (p< 0.001), level of physical activity (p< 0.001), and maternal wellbeing (p< 0.01) also had significant differences after the Intervention. Even after controlling for potentially confounding variables, the maternal food practices regression model revealed that birth weight was directly correlated with consumption of milk (p 0.001), fruits (p 0.01), and green vegetables (p 0.05).As per the physical activity and maternal wellbeing regression model, the birth weight and crown heel length were strongly related with the physical activity and maternal wellbeing of mothers at 36 weeks of gestation (p <0.05). Combining the MOM intervention with standard antenatal care is a safe and effective way to improve maternal welfare while upholding pregnant mothers' human rights.

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0386.v1

Causes and Treatment of Hypoxia During Total Hip Arthroplasty in Elderly Patients: Case Report

Jae Young Ji, Jin Hun Chung, Nan Seol Kim, Yong Han Seo, Ho Soon Jung, Hea Rim Chun, Hyung Yoon Gong, Woo Jong Kim, Jae Min Ahn, Yu Jun Park

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anesthesiology And Pain Medicine Keywords: Atelectasis; Hypoxia; Old age; Spontaneous respiration

Online: 26 October 2021 (12:36:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0197.v1

Two Opposing Functions of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) That Links Hypertension, Dementia, and Aging

Duc Le, Lindsay Brown, Kundan Malik, Shin Murakami

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: AGING; Age-related comorbidities; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme; Amyloid-degrading enzyme; Alzheimer’s disease; Dementia; Hypertension; Life extension; Stress resistance

Online: 13 October 2021 (11:04:43 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

U-Pb Age and Hf Isotope Systematics of Zircon from Eclogite Xenoliths in Devonian Kimberlites: The Neoarchaean Roots of the Central Belarus Suture Zone

Leonid Shumlyanskyy, Stepan Tsymbal, Monika A. Kusiak, Simon A. Wilde, Alexander A. Nemchin, Iryna Tarasko, Liudmyla Shumlianska, Mandy Hofmann

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geochemistry And Petrology Keywords: Eclogite xenolith; kimberlite; zircon; U-Pb age; Hf isotopes; Ukrainian Shield; Devonian; East European Platform.

Online: 5 October 2021 (15:43:55 CEST)

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