Version 1
: Received: 11 April 2023 / Approved: 12 April 2023 / Online: 12 April 2023 (07:06:23 CEST)
How to cite:
Jones, R.P.; Ponomarenko, A. Effect of Age, Sex, and COVID-19 Vaccination History on All-Cause Mortality: Unexpected Outcomes in a Complex Biological and Social System. Preprints2023, 2023040248. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0248.v1
Jones, R.P.; Ponomarenko, A. Effect of Age, Sex, and COVID-19 Vaccination History on All-Cause Mortality: Unexpected Outcomes in a Complex Biological and Social System. Preprints 2023, 2023040248. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0248.v1
Jones, R.P.; Ponomarenko, A. Effect of Age, Sex, and COVID-19 Vaccination History on All-Cause Mortality: Unexpected Outcomes in a Complex Biological and Social System. Preprints2023, 2023040248. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0248.v1
APA Style
Jones, R.P., & Ponomarenko, A. (2023). Effect of Age, Sex, and COVID-19 Vaccination History on All-Cause Mortality: Unexpected Outcomes in a Complex Biological and Social System. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0248.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Jones, R.P. and Andrey Ponomarenko. 2023 "Effect of Age, Sex, and COVID-19 Vaccination History on All-Cause Mortality: Unexpected Outcomes in a Complex Biological and Social System" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0248.v1
Abstract
All vaccines exhibit both specific and non-specific effects. The specific effects are measured by the efficacy against the target pathogen, while the non-specific effects can be detected by the change in all-cause mortality . All-cause mortality data (gender, age band, vaccination history, month of death) between January 2021 and May 2022 was compiled by the Office for National Statistics. COVID–19 vaccination gave good protection on many occasions but less so for younger ages. Each gender and age group shows its own unique vaccination benefit/disbenefit time profile. Individuals are free to make vaccination decisions. For example, women aged 18-39 show a cohort who do not progress beyond the first or second dose. The all-cause mortality outcomes for the Omicron variant showed a very poor response to vaccination with 70% of sex/age/vaccination stage/month combinations increasing all-cause mortality, probably due to unfavorable antigenic distance between the first-generation vaccines and this variant, and additional non-specific effects. The all-cause mortality outcomes of COVID–19 vaccination is far more nuanced than have been widely appreciated, and virus vector appear better than the mRNA vaccines in this specific respect. The latter are seemingly more likely to increase all-cause mortality especially in younger age groups. An extensive discussion/literature review is included to provide potential explanations for the observed unexpected vaccine effects.
Public Health and Healthcare, Public Health and Health Services
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
Comment:
In the next revision of this article a 3-D surface will be used to show where COVID-19 vaccination was emminently successful and also where COVID-19 vaccination had adverse consequences, which mainly occurred during the Omicron variant.
Commenter:
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.