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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0587.v1

The Lavatory Lens: Tracking the Global Movement of Pathogens via Aircraft Wastewater

Aaron Bivins, Robert Morfino, Andrew Franklin, Stu Simpson, Warish Ahmed

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: air travel; infectious disease; sentinel surveillance; wastewater surveillance; aircraft

Online: 9 May 2023 (07:49:15 CEST)

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Modern commercial air travel connects disparate human populations with the global airline industry transporting up to 4.5 billion passengers annually in the years leading up to the COVID-19 pandemic. While such connections are convenient for commerce and tourism, air travel networks can also be efficient distributors of infectious diseases such as influenza, SARS-CoV-1, hemorrhagic fevers, and more recently SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox. During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health agencies used multi-layered control strategies including pre-departure testing and vaccination requirements, masking, post-arrival testing, and quarantine to manage the risk of COVID-19 transmission associated with air travel. Simultaneously, the surveillance of aircraft wastewater emerged as a promising new data source to screen for SARS-CoV-2 infections, including newly emergent lineages, among international air travelers. Herein, we review the potential of aircraft wastewater for public health surveillance. The known contributing population and flight itinerary combined with the highly concentrated waste stream and convenient sampling during routine lavatory servicing make aircraft wastewater a strategic opportunity for unintrusive surveillance of the global fluxes of human pathogens. We estimate for the cases of fecal- or urine-shed pathogens, sampling from 3,500 and 1,250 flights per week, respectively, would be required to survey 10% of all global long-haul flight passengers. In the case of the United States, achieving 10% coverage of all international arrivals would require sampling from 925 and 322 flights per week, respectively. Aircraft wastewater surveillance could also be integrated with network and infectious disease models to better inform traditional public health control measures during emerging epidemics. Given the tremendous potential for public good and the massive economic costs of epidemics, governments should consider international collaboration to create a global aircraft wastewater surveillance system.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1285.v1

Characteristics of Phase IV Clinical Trials in Oncology: An Analysis Using the ClinicalTrials.gov Registry Data

Brandon Michael Henry, Giuseppe Lippi, Ameen Nasser, Patryk Ostrowski

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: postmarketing surveillance; pharmacovigilance; registry data

Online: 18 May 2023 (07:18:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0267.v2

Systematic Review of Wastewater Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Human Populations

Kevin Chau, Leanne Barker, Eric Budgell, Karina-doris Vihta, Natalie Sims, Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern, Elinor Harriss, Derrick Crook, Daniel Read, Sarah Walker, Nicole Stoesser

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: AMR; sewage; epidemiology; wastewater; surveillance

Online: 21 June 2021 (11:25:51 CEST)

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Working Paper COMMUNICATION

Sars-Cov-2 Wastewater Surveillance for Public Health Action: Connecting Perspectives From Wastewater Researchers and Public Health Officials During a Global Pandemic

Jill McClary-Gutierrez, Mia Mattioli, Perrine Marcenac, Andrea Silverman, Alexandria Boehm, Kyle Bibby, Michael Balliet, Francis de los Reyes III, Daniel Gerrity, John Griffith, Patricia Holden, Dimitrios Katehis, Greg Kester, Nathan LaCross, Erin Lipp, Jonathan Meiman, Rachel Noble, Dominique Brossard, Sandra McLellan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; wastewater surveillance

Online: 7 June 2021 (13:01:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1703.v1

Surveillance, Isolation, and Genetic Characterization of Bat Herpesviruses in Zambia

Hayato Harima, Yongjin Qiu, Junya Yamagishi, Masahiro Kajihara, Katendi Changula, Kosuke Okuya, Mao Isono, Tomoyuki Yamaguchi, Hirohito Ogawa, Naganori Nao, Michihito Sasaki, Edgar Simulundu, Aaron S Mweene, Hirofumi Sawa, Kanako Ishihara, Bernard M Hang’ombe, Ayato Takada

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: herpesvirus; bat; surveillance; complete genome; Zambia

Online: 24 May 2023 (05:30:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0309.v1

Environmental Surveillance of Legionellosis within an Italian University Hospital. Results of 15 Years of Analysis

Pasqualina Laganà, Alessio Facciolà, Roberta Palermo, Santi Delia

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: legionella; legionellosis; environmental surveillance; water system

Online: 30 January 2019 (10:12:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0691.v1

Uganda Mountain Community Health System Perspectives and Capacities Towards Emerging Infectious Disease Surveillance

Aggrey Siya, Richardson Mafigiri, Richard Migisha, Rebekah C. Kading

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Alerts; Village Health Teams; Community Based Surveillance; Integrated Disease Surveillance and Reporting; Elgon; Climate Change; One Health

Online: 28 May 2021 (10:20:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1952.v1

Design and Evaluation of an Attractant Sticky Trap for Surveillance of Household Indoors of Female Populations of Aedes aegypti in Mexico

Keila Elizabeth Paiz-Moscoso, Luis Alberto Cisneros-Vasquez, Rogelio Danis-Lozano, Jorge Jesús Rodríguez-Rojas, Eduardo Alfonso Rebollar-Téllez, Rosa María Sánchez-Casas, Ildefonso Fernandez-Salas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: Aedes aegypti; sticky trap; lure; entomological surveillance.

Online: 30 October 2023 (15:12:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1265.v1

Unique Evolution Patterns of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Revealed by Continuous Genetic Surveillance from 2015 to 2021 in Gabon, Central Africa

Haruka Abe, Yuri Ushijima, Rodrigue Bikangui, Georgelin Nguema Ondo, Christelle M. Pemba, Vahid R. Zadeh, Patrick I. Mpingabo, Hayato Ueda, Selidji T. Agnandji, Bertrand Lell, Jiro Yasuda

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: hepatitis virus; HBV; HCV; surveillance; Gabon; Africa

Online: 19 July 2023 (08:09:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0746.v1

Genomic Detection of the Emerging, Highly Pathogenic HIV-1 Subtype D in Bahia, Northeast Brazil

Filipe Ferreira de Almeida Rego, Laise de Moraes, Marta Giovannetti, José Adriano Góes Silva, Felipe Guimarães Torres, Marcio de Oliveira Silva, Maria da Purificação Pereira Da Silva, Johan Van Weyenbergh, Luciane Amorim Santos, Ricardo Khouri

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HIV-1 subtype D; Phylodynamics; Genomic surveillance

Online: 12 June 2023 (03:33:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1380.v1

Systematic Surveillance and Meta-Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance

Himanshu K, Riya Mukherjee, Jasmina Vidic, Marisa Manzano, Saheem Ahmad, V. Samuel Raj, Ramendra Pandey, Chung-Ming Chang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), Antibiotics; Surveillance; India; Taiwan

Online: 19 May 2023 (05:01:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0343.v1

The Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Chronic Lymphatic Filariasis in Indonesia: A 18-Year Registry-Based Analysis

Dewi Nur Aisyah, Zisis Kozlakidis, Haniena Diva, Siti Tarmizi, Lita Sianipar, Eksi Wijayanti, Ajie Avicena, Wiku Bakti Bawono Adisasmito

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Tropical Medicine Keywords: Lymphatic Filariasis; Indonesia; National Surveillance; Registry; BELKAGA

Online: 22 September 2022 (10:41:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0188.v1

Public Health and Disability—The Importance of Keeping up the Good Work

Ann I. Alriksson-Schmidt, Gunnar Hägglund

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: disability; quality of life; cerebral palsy; surveillance

Online: 5 March 2021 (11:51:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0597.v1

Surveillance for COVID-19 in the English Football League 2019-2020

Subhashis Basu, Richard Higgins, Aneil Malhotra, Imtiaz Ahmad

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Surveillance; COVID; Football; Infection; Professional; PCR; Elite

Online: 26 February 2021 (08:59:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0151.v1

Epidemiology of Foodborne Disease Outbreaks from 2011 to 2016 in Shandong Province, China

Guangjian Wu, Liansen Wang, Jinshan Zhao, Zunhua Chu, Maoqiang Zhuang, Yingxiu Zhang, Kebo Wang , Peirui Xiao , Ya Liu, Zhongjun Du

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: foodborne diseases; outbreaks; surveillance; epidemiology; public health

Online: 21 December 2017 (05:00:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0814.v1

Evaluating Efficiency of the US Surveillance Systems for Monitoring Antimicrobial-Resistant Gonorrhea: An Agent-Based Modelling Study

Sofya Prakhova

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematical And Computational Biology Keywords: Agent-based modelling; antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhea; surveillance systems

Online: 12 October 2023 (11:24:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1757.v1

Development of qPCR and LAMP Assays for the Surveillance and Diagnosis of Herpes B Virus Infection

Murasaki Amano, Krittiga Sapkanarak, Wipaporn Thbthimthong, Suthirote Meesawat, Taratorn Kemthong, Nutchanat Suttisan, Haruka Abe, Suchinda Malaivijitnond, Jiro Yasuda

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Herpes B virus; zoonosis; LAMP; surveillance; cynomolgus macaque

Online: 26 September 2023 (13:39:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1376.v1

Circulation of Dengue Virus Serotype 1 genotype V and Dengue Virus Serotype 2 genotype III in Tocantins State, Northern Brazil, 2021-2022

Ueric José Borges de Souza, Ygor da Silva Miranda Macedo, Raíssa Nunes dos Santos, Franciano Dias Pereira Cardoso, Jucimária Dantas Galvão, Evgeni Evgeniev Gabev, Ana Cláudia Franco, Paulo Michel Roehe, Fernando Rosado Spilki, Fabrício Souza Campos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: DENV; Genomic surveillance; Epidemiology; molecular clock; SNPs; arboviruses

Online: 20 September 2023 (10:42:22 CEST)

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The dengue virus (DENV) is an arbovirus belonging to the Flaviviridae family; the species comprises four antigenically distinct serotypes (DENV–1, DENV–2, DENV–3, and DENV–4), which are further subdivided into genotypes. The virus is transmitted to humans through mosquito bites, primarily from the Aedes spp. genus. Dengue is endemic in various parts of the world, including tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Latin America, Africa, and Oceania. In Brazil, the state of Tocantins, located in north-central Brazil, has experienced a significant number of arboviral disease cases, particularly dengue. This study aimed to monitor DENV circulation within the state by conducting full genome sequencing of viral genomes recovered from 61 patients between June 2021 and July 2022. During this period, both DENV-1 and DENV-2 serotypes were identified. Our findings confirm the circulation of DENV serotypes 1 and 2 in Tocantins, affecting males and females equally, with younger age groups (4 to 43 years old) being the most susceptible. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the circulating viruses belong to DENV–1 genotype V American and DENV–2 genotype III Southeast Asian/American. The Bayesian analysis of DENV-1 Genotype V sequenced here is closely related to genomes previously sequenced in the state of São Paulo. Regarding DENV-2 genotype III genomes, these are clustered in a distinct, well-supported subclade, along with previously reported isolates from the states of Goiás and São Paulo. In both cases, our results suggest that multiple introductions of these genotypes occurred in the Tocantins state. This observation highlights the significant impact of major population centers in Brazil on virus dispersion, including other Latin-American countries and the USA. In the SNP analysis, DENV-1 displayed 122 distinct missense mutations, while DENV-2 had 44, with significant mutations predominantly occurring in the envelope and NS5 proteins. The analyses performed here reveal the concomitant circulation of distinct DENV-1 and -2 genotypes in some Brazilian states, underscoring the dynamic evolution of the DENV and the ongoing significance of surveillance efforts in supporting public health policies.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1533.v2

Towards the Development of A Low-Cost Solution for Wildlife Tracking using An Unmanned Aerial Platform

Mansoor Ahmed, Muhammad Aqib

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Vision And Graphics Keywords: wildlife; Surveillance; quad-rotor; target identification; Blob Detection

Online: 5 September 2023 (05:17:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0649.v1

Genetic Diversity of Type A Influenza Viruses Found in Swine Herds in Northwestern Poland from 2017 to 2019. The One Health Perspective

Lukasz Rabalski, Maciej Kosinski, Piotr Cybulski, Tomasz Stadejek, Krzysztof Lepek

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: zoonosis; emerging diseases; influenza; epidemiology; NGS sequencing; surveillance

Online: 8 August 2023 (09:29:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0801.v1

The Cornell COVID-19 Testing Laboratory: A Model to High-Capacity Testing Hubs for Infectious Disease Emergency Response and Preparedness

Melissa Laverack, Rebecca Tallmadge, Roopa Venugopalan, Daniel Sheehan, Scott Ross, Rahim Rustamov, Kim S Potter, Francois Elvinger, Lorin D. Warnick, Gary A. Koretzky, Casey Frederici, Rob Lawlis, Elizabeth Plocharczyk, Diego G Diel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; diagnostic workflow; surveillance

Online: 12 June 2023 (08:44:37 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0343.v1

Analyses of Early ZIKV Genomes are Consistent with Viral Spread from Northeast Brazil to The Americas

Laise Eduarda Paixão De Moraes, Moyra Machado Portilho, Bram Vrancken, Frederik Van den Broeck, Luciane Amorim Santos, Marina Silveira Cucco, Laura Beatriz Tauro, Mariana Kikuti, Monaise Madalena Oliveira Silva, Gubio Soares Campos, Mitermayer Galvão Reis, Aldina Maria Prado Barral, Manoel Barral-Netto, Viviane Sampaio Boaventura, Anne-Mieke Vandamme, Kristof Theys, Philippe Lemey, Guilherme de Sousa Ribeiro, Ricardo Khouri

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Zika; arboviruses; vector-borne infections; genomic surveillance; phylogenetics

Online: 14 April 2023 (03:51:13 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0291.v1

Detection of Fish Pathogens in Freshwater Aquaculture Using eDNA Methods: A Review

Kailash Bohara, Amit K. Yadav, Pabitra Joshi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: eDNA; eRNA; fish disease; surveillance; hydrolysis; degradation; qPCR

Online: 19 October 2022 (14:45:21 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0072.v1

FANET Experiment: Real-Time Surveillance Applications Connected to Image Processing System

Bashir Sadiq, Muhammed Abiodun, Sikiru Zakariyya

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Image Processing System; Drones; Surveillance system; FANET operations

Online: 3 August 2022 (03:54:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0335.v1

The Dataharmonizer: a Tool for Faster Data Harmonization, Validation, Aggregation, and Analysis of Pathogen Genomics Contextual Information

Ivan Gill, Emma Griffiths, Damion Dooley, Rhiannon Cameron, Sarah Savić Kallesøe, Nithu Sara John, Anoosha Sehar, Gurinder Gosal, David Alexander, Madison Chapel, Matthew Croxen, Benjamin Delisle, Rachelle Di Tullio, Daniel Gaston, Ana Duggan, Jennifer Guthrie, Mark Horsman, Esha Joshi, Levon Kearney, Natalie Knox, Lynette Lau, Jason LeBlanc, Vincent Li, Pierre Lyons, Keith MacKenzie, Andrew McArthur, Emilie Panousis, John Palmer, Natalie Prystajecky, Kerri Smith, Jennifer Tanner, Christopher Townend, Andrea Tyler, Gary Van Domselaar, William Hsiao

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: metadata; contextual data; harmonization; genomic surveillance; data management

Online: 24 June 2022 (08:46:04 CEST)

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Pathogen genomics is a critical tool for public health surveillance, infection control, outbreak investigations, as well as research. In order to make use of pathogen genomics data, it must be interpreted using contextual data (metadata). Contextual data includes sample metadata, laboratory methods, patient demographics, clinical outcomes, and epidemiological information. However, the variability in how contextual information is captured by different authorities and how it is encoded in different databases poses challenges for data interpretation, integration, and its use/re-use. The DataHarmonizer is a template-driven spreadsheet application for harmonizing, validating, and transforming genomics contextual data into submission-ready formats for public or private repositories. The tool’s web browser-based JavaScript environment enables validation and its offline functionality and local installation increases data security. The DataHarmonizer was developed to address the data sharing needs that arose during the COVID-19 pandemic, and was used by members of the Canadian COVID Genomics Network (CanCOGeN) to harmonize SARS-CoV-2 contextual data for national surveillance and for public repository submission.In order to support coordination of international surveillance efforts, we have partnered with the Public Health Alliance for Genomic Epidemiology to also provide a template conforming to its SARS-CoV-2 contextual data specification for use worldwide. Templates are also being developed for One Health and foodborne pathogens. Overall, the DataHarmonizer tool improves the effectiveness and fidelity of contextual data capture as well as its subsequent usability. Harmonization of contextual information across authorities, platforms and systems globally improves interoperability and reusability of data for concerted public health and research initiatives to fight the current pandemic and future public health emergencies. While initially developed for the COVID-19 pandemic, its expansion to other data management applications and pathogens is already underway.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0336.v1

Looking Forward: The Role of Academic Researchers in Building Sustainable Wastewater Surveillance Programs

Catherine Hoar, Jill McClary-Gutierrez, Aaron Bivins, Marlene Wolfe, Kyle Bibby, Andrea Silverman, Sandra McLellan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Covid-19; SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater; research; surveillance

Online: 25 March 2022 (03:30:23 CET)

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Background: In the span of just two years, tracking the COVID-19 pandemic through wastewater surveillance has advanced from early reports of successful SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in untreated wastewater to implementation of programs in at least 60 countries. Early wastewater monitoring efforts primarily originated in research laboratories and are now transitioning into more formal surveillance programs run in commercial and public health laboratories. A major challenge in this progression has been to simultaneously optimize methods and build scientific consensus while implementing surveillance programs, particularly during the rapidly changing landscape of the pandemic. Translating wastewater surveillance results for effective use by public health agencies also remains a key objective for the field. Objectives: We examine the evolution of wastewater surveillance to identify model collaborations and effective partnerships that have created rapid and sustained success. We propose needed areas of research and key roles academic researchers can play in the framework of wastewater surveillance to aid in the transition of early monitoring efforts to more formalized programs within the public health system. Discussion: Wastewater surveillance has rapidly developed as a public health tool Clinical testing programs are ramping down and home testing is on the rise, making wastewater monitoring important for future surveillance of COVID-19. Our experience in initiating and implementing wastewater surveillance programs in the United States has allowed us to reflect on key barriers and organizational challenges and draw useful lessons. As wastewater surveillance programs are formalized, the working relationships developed between academic researchers, commercial and public health laboratories, and data users should continue and should promote knowledge co-development. While wastewater surveillance has demonstrated utility for tracking COVID-19, there remain technical challenges and open scientific questions that researchers are equipped to address, which will contribute to building robust surveillance programs that provide public health practitioners with new insights into population health.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0233.v1

Ethical Issues in AI-enabled Disease Surveillance: Perspectives from Global Health

Ann Borda, Andreea Molnar, Cristina Neesham, Patty Kostkova

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Science Keywords: AI; disease surveillance; pandemics; global public health; ethics

Online: 18 February 2022 (10:36:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0523.v1

Efficacy and Feasibility of SMS M-Health for the Detection of Adverse Events Following Immunisation (AEFIs) In re-Source-Limited Setting–The Zimbabwe Stimulated Telephone As-Sisted Rapid Safety Surveillance (Zm-STARSS) Randomised Con-Trol Trial

Priscilla Patricia Munyaradzi Nyambayo, Michael Gold, Ushma Mehta, Stephen Clark, Rumbidzai Manyevere, Libert Chirinda, Edlyne Zifamba, Tatenda Nyamandi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: Zimbabwe Stimulated Telephone Assisted Rapid Safety Surveillance (Zm-STARSS); mHealth active participant-centred (MAPC) Adverse Events Following Immunisation(AEFI) surveillance

Online: 30 March 2023 (03:51:08 CEST)

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Abstract Introduction: The mHealth active participant centred (MAPC) adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) surveillance is a promising area for early AEFI detection resulting in risk minimisation. Passive (spontaneous) AEFI surveillance is the backbone for vaccine pharmacovigilance, but has inherent drawbacks of under reporting, and requires strengthening with active surveillance methods. The Zimbabwe stimulated telephone assisted rapid safety surveillance (Zm-STARSS) randomized controlled trial (RCT) sought to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of AEFI detection using a short message service (SMS) and computer assisted telephone interview (CATI) approach. Method: A multicentre Zm-STARSS RCT enrolled consented adult vaccinees or parents or guardians of children receiving vaccines, including COVID-19 vaccines, at study vaccination clinics. At enrolment study participants were randomised to either SMS-CATI group or control group. SMS prompts were sent on days 0-2 and 14 post-vaccination to SMS-CATI group to ascertain if a medical event following immunisation (MEFI) had occurred. However, no SMSs were sent to the control group. SMS-CATI group who responded “Yes” to SMS prompts were interviewed by research healthcare workers (RHCWs) who completed a CATI to determine if an MEFI/AEFI had occurred whilst an AEFI in control group was determined from passive AEFI reporting channels. The primary study outcome was the AEFI detection rate in the SMS-CATI group compared to the control group. Results: A total of 704 (31%) participants responded to the SMS prompts, with 75% (528/704) indicating “No” and 25% (176/704) "Yes” to experiencing a MEFI. However, 31% (55/176) who responded “Yes” did not complete a CATI survey, but 69% (121/176) did; and 64% (77/121) of these indicated negative to AEFI experience whilst 36% (44/121) were affirmative. There were no AEFI reported in control group participants. Zm-STARSS showed promising results in that the AEFI detection rate using SMS-CATI was 2% (44/2280) on an intention to treat cohort. Conclusion: Despite the low SMS response and CATI completion rate, we demonstrated that Zm-STARSS SMS system improves AEFI detection compared to passive AEFI surveillance. We recommend cost-effective multi-channel digital approaches for holistic pharmacovigilance to improve AEFI detection in LMICs for all vaccines.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0412.v1

Safety-Security Analysis of Maritime Surveillance Systems in Critical Marine Areas

Batu Şengül, Fatih Yılmaz, Özkan Uğurlu

Subject: Engineering, Marine Engineering Keywords: big data; artificial intelligence; maritime surveillance; maritime security; sustainability

Online: 7 November 2023 (06:46:46 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0582.v1

Health Surveillance Actions in the Context of COVID-19 in Brazil: A Scoping Review

Larissa Araújo Borges, Pedro Henrique Brito da Silva, Cristina Rosa Soares Lavareda Baixinho, Ana Laura de Sene Amâncio Zara, Ellen Synthia Fernandes de Oliveira

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: Ministry of Health; Public Health Surveillance; COVID-19; Brazil

Online: 10 October 2023 (12:15:40 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1616.v1

Harnessing Wastewater Surveillance to Detect Livestock-Linked Viruses

Warish Ahmed, Yawen Liu, Wendy Smith, Wayne Ingall, Michael Belby, Aaron Bivins, Paul Bertsch, David Williams, Kirsty Richards, Stuart Simpson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: wastewater surveillance; livestock; zoonotic pathogens; one health; animal epidemiology

Online: 25 September 2023 (04:58:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0448.v1

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Δ426 ORF8 Deletion Mutant Cluster in NGS Screening

Riccardo Cecchetto, Emil Tonon, Nicoletta Medaina, Giona Turri, Erica Diani, Pier Paolo Piccaluga, Angela Salomoni, Michela Conti, Evelina Tacconelli, Anna Lagni, Virginia Lotti, Mosè Favarato, Davide Gibellini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; genomic surveillance; NGS; deletion; variants.; clusters

Online: 4 August 2023 (13:34:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0147.v1

Intelligent Video Surveillance System with Abnormal Behavior Recognition and Metadata Retrieval

Hyungtae Kim, Joongchol Shin, Seokmok Park, Joonki Paik

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Metadata generation; abnormal recognition; metadata retrieval; intelligent surveillance system

Online: 2 June 2023 (07:27:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0521.v1

Application of Adsorption-Extraction and Nanotrap® Microbiome A Particles Workflows for Detection and Quantification of Indicator, Enteric, and Respiratory Viruses in Aircraft Lavatory Wastewater

Warish Ahmed, Wendy Smith, Ananda Tiwari, Aaron Bivins, Stuart Simpson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Aircraft; Wastewater; Surveillance; Indicator viruses; Enteric viruses; Respiratory viruses

Online: 8 May 2023 (10:39:58 CEST)

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The effective detection of viruses in aircraft wastewater is crucial to establish surveillance programs for monitoring virus spread via aircraft passengers. This study aimed to compare the performance of two virus concentration workflows, adsorption-extraction (AE) and Nanotrap® Microbiome A Particles (NMAP), in detecting the prevalence and concentrations of 15 endogenous viruses in aircraft lavatory wastewater samples. The viruses tested include two indicator viruses, four enteric viruses, and nine respiratory viruses. The results showed that cross-assembly phage (crAssphage), human polyomavirus (HPyV), rhinovirus A (RhV A), and rhinovirus B (RhV B) were detected in all wastewater samples using both workflows. However, enterovirus (EV), human norovirus (HNoV GII), human adenovirus (HAdV), bocavirus (BoV), parechovirus (PeV), epstein-barr virus (EBV), influenza A virus (IAV), and respiratory syncytial virus B (RsV B) were infrequently detected by both workflows, and hepatitis A virus (HAV), influenza B virus (IBV), and respiratory syncytial virus B (RsV A) were not detected in any samples. The NMAP workflow had greater detection rates of EV, PeV, and RsV B than the AE workflow, while the AE workflow had greater detection rates of HAdV, BoV, and EBV than the NMAP workflow. The concentration of each virus was also analyzed, and the results showed that CrAssphage had the highest mean concentration (6.76 log₁₀ GC/12.5 mL) followed by HPyV (5.46 log₁₀ GC/12.5 mL using the AE workflow, while the mean concentrations of enteric and respiratory viruses ranged from 2.48 to 3.63 log₁₀ GC/12.5 mL. Using the NMAP workflow, the mean concentration of crAssphage was 5.18 log₁₀ GC/12.5 mL and the mean concentration of HPyV was 4.20 log₁₀GC/12.5 mL, while mean concentrations of enteric and respiratory viruses ranged from 2.55 to 3.74 log₁₀GC/12.5 mL. The mean concentrations of CrAssphage, HPyV, RhV A, and RhV B between the two workflows were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In summary, the present study provides valuable insights into the performance of virus concentration workflows in detecting and quantifying different viruses in aircraft lavatory wastewater samples. The findings can aid in the selection of an appropriate concentration workflow for virus surveillance studies and contribute to the development of efficient and reliable virus detection methods.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0334.v1

A Comparative Analysis of the New Mexico Organic and Conventional Producer: Implications for Occupational Safety and Health Research and Practice

Carolyn A Parshall, Francisco Soto Mas, Fares Qeadan

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: organic producer; organic practices; surveillance data; health and safety

Online: 20 September 2021 (13:40:18 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Use of Slaughterhouses as Sentinel Points for Genomic Surveillance of Subclinical Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus in Vietnam

Umanga Gunasekara, Miranda R Bertram, Do H Dung, Bui Huy Hoang, Nguyen Thanh Phoung, Vo V Hung, Nguyen V Long, Minh Phan, Le T Vu, Pham V Dong, Andres Perez, Kimberly VanderWaal, Jonathan Artz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Phylogenetics; Subclinical infection; FMD outbreaks; Disease control; Surveillance; Sentinels

Online: 30 August 2021 (11:54:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0223.v1

Characteristics of Nephroblastoma / Nephroblastomatosis in Children With a Clinically Reported Underlying Malformation or Cancer Predisposition Syndrome

Nils Welter, Angelo Wagner, Rhoikos Furtwängler, Patrick Melchior, Leo Kager, Christian Vokuhl, Jens-Peter Schenk, Clemens Magnus Meier, Stefan Siemer, Manfred Gessler, Norbert Graf

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: nephroblastoma; clinical malformations; cancer predisposition syndromes; tumor surveillance; outcome

Online: 10 August 2021 (09:55:14 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

A Drug Safety Surveillance Study of a Ciprofloxacin / Dexamethasone Ophthalmic Fixed Combination in Peruvian Population

Homero Contreras-Salinas, Leopoldo Martín Baiza-Durán, Mariana Barajas-Hernández, Alan Omar Vázquez-Álvarez, Lourdes Yolotzin Rodríguez-Herrera

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Drug Safety Surveillance; Adverse Drug Reaction; Ophthalmic; Ciprofloxacin; Dexamethasone

Online: 5 January 2021 (11:51:06 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Nursing Epidemiological Approach of Hypertension Management in a Public Health Service from the Northern Region of Portugal

Pedro Melo, Dário Miranda, Sandra Santos, Sérgio Sousa, Teresa Cardoso, Alexandra Pereira

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: public health nursing; epidemiological surveillance; nursing diagnosis; arterial hypertension

Online: 7 December 2020 (08:22:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0194.v1

Combinatorial Optimization for Multi-Target Tracking

Mohib Ullah, Maqsood Mahmud, Habib Ullah, Kashif Ahmad, Ali Shariq Imran, Faouzi Alaya Cheikh

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematics Keywords: network flow; combinatorial optimization; tracking-by-detection; video surveillance

Online: 15 June 2020 (11:26:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0071.v1

COVID-19: Simultaneous Surveillance Studies and Case Series, Jordan as a Case Study

Ahmad Alkhawaldeh

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: COVID-19; coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; Simultaneous surveillance; Jordan

Online: 5 May 2020 (10:57:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0210.v1

Pertussis Immunisation in Pregnancy Safety (PIPS) Study: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Safety Outcomes in Infants Exposed to Tdap Vaccine in Utero

Helen A. Petousis-Harris, Yannan Jiang, Lennox Yu, Donna Watson, Tony Walls, Nikki Turner, Anna Howe, Jennifer Griffin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: post-marketing surveillance; vaccine safety; pertussis; Tdap; pregnancy; infant

Online: 18 July 2019 (09:26:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0014.v1

Immune Evasion in Pancreatic Cancer: from Mechanisms to Therapy

Neus Martinez-Bosch, Judith Vinaixa, Pilar Navarro

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: pancreatic cancer; immune surveillance; galectins; immunotherapy; immune checkpoints; stroma

Online: 4 December 2017 (05:17:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0159.v1

Improving Video Segmentation by Fusing Depth Cues and the ViBe Algorithm

Xiaoqin Zhou, Xiaofeng Liu, Aimin Jiang, Bin Yan, Chenguang Yang

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Science Keywords: object detection; background subtraction; video surveillance; Kinect sensor fusion

Online: 20 March 2017 (10:21:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0969.v1

The Importance of Entomo-Virological Investigation of Yellow Fever Virus to Strength Surveillance in Brazil

Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz, Leonardo Henrique Almeida Hernández, Carine Fortes Aragão, Thito Yan Bezerra Da Paz, Sandro Patroca da Silva, Fábio Silva da Silva, Ana Alice Aquino, Glennda Juscely Galvão Pereira Cereja, Bruna Lais Sena do Nascimento, José Wilson Rosa Junior Rosa Junior, Carmeci Natalina Elias, Cristiano Gomes Nogueira, Daniel Garkauskas Ramos, Vagner Fonseca, Marta Giovanetti, Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara, Bruno Tardelli Diniz Nunes, Pedro F. da Costa Vasconcelos, Livia Carício Martins, Joaquim Pinto Nunes-Neto

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: yellow fever virus; vectors; Aedes albopictus; outbreak; entomo-virological surveillance

Online: 15 May 2023 (03:25:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0214.v1

Worldwide Surveillance Actions and Initiatives of Drinking Water Quality: A Scoping Review

Rayssa Horacio Lopes, Cícera Renata Diniz Vieira Silva, Ísis de Siqueira Silva, Pétala Tuani Cândido de Oliveira Salvador, Léo Heller, Severina Alice da Costa Uchôa

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: Drinking water; potable water; public health surveillance; quality control; government.

Online: 15 September 2022 (02:17:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0131.v1

Dominance of Three Sublineages of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in Mexico

Blanca Taboada, Selene Zárate, José Esteban Muñoz-Medina, Alejandro Sanchez-Flores, Rodrigo García-López, Alfredo Herrera-Estrella, Celia Boukadida, Bruno Gómez-Gil, Nelly Selem Mojica, Mauricio Rosales-Rivera, Angel Gustavo Salas-Lais, Rosa María Gutiérrez-Ríos, Antonio Loza, Xaira Rivera-Gutierrez, Joel Armando Vazquez-Perez, Margarita Matías-Florentino, Marissa Pérez-García, Santiago Ávila-Ríos, Juan Manuel Hurtado, Carla Herrera-Nájera, José Núñez-Contreras, Brenda Sarquiz-Martínez, Víctor García-Arias, María Santiago-Mauricio, Bernardo Martínez-Miguel, Julissa Enciso-Ibarra, Cristóbal Cháidez-Quiróz, Pavel Isa, Rosa María Wong-Chew, María-Eugenia Jiménez-Corona, Susana López, Carlos F. Arias

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Variants of Concern; Delta Variant; genomic surveillance.

Online: 10 May 2022 (09:44:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0266.v1

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant of Concern and its Rapid Spread throughout the Western Brazilian Amazon

Gabriella Sgorlon-Oliveira, Jackson Alves da Silva Queiroz, Nadson Willian Felipe Gasparelo, Tárcio Peixoto Roca, Ana Maisa Passos-Silva, Karolaine Santos Teixeira, Adrhyan Araújo da Silva Oliveira, Paulo Ricardo Freitas de Souza, Elizama de Souza Silva, Ciciléia Correia da Silva, Adriana Cristina Salvador Maia, Camila Flávia Gomes Azzi, Flávia Serrano Batista, Valquiria Reis de Souza, Franciane Mendes Oliveira, Juan Miguel Villalobos Salcedo, Soraya dos Santos Pereira, Felipe Gomes Naveca, Rita de Cássia Pontello Rampazzo, Luis Gustavo Morello, Fabricio Klerynton Marchini, Deusilene Vieira

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS CoV-2; Variant of Concern; Omicron; mutation; genomic surveillance

Online: 28 April 2022 (03:28:50 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0075.v1

Diagnosis of Schistosoma Infection in Non-Human Animal Hosts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Song Liang, Keerati Ponpetch, Yi-Biao Zhou, Jia-Gang Guo, Berhanu Erko, J. Russell Stothard, M. Hassan Murad, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Fadjar Satrija, Joanne P. Webster, Justin Remais, Juerg Utzinger, Amadou Garba

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Schistosomiasis; diagnosis; non-human hosts; surveillance; systematic review; meta-analysis

Online: 6 May 2021 (12:04:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0609.v1

Evaluation of a Bioaerosol Sampler for Indoor Environmental Surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Patrick F. Horve, Leslie Dietz, Dale Northcutt, Jason Stenson, Kevin G. Van Den Wymelenberg

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Aerosols; Environmental Surveillance; Air Sampling

Online: 24 March 2021 (17:29:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0502.v1

Potential Distribution of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) scapularis (Diptera: Culicidae): A Vector Mosquito New to the Florida Peninsula

Lindsay P. Campbell, Nathan Burkett-Cadena, Evaristo Miqueli, Isik Unlu, Kristin Sloyer, Johana Medina, Chalmers Vasquez, William Petrie, Lawrence Reeves

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: invasive species; ecological niche models; species distribution models; vector surveillance

Online: 21 December 2020 (10:50:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0067.v1

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring and Pharmacovigilance among Various Healthcare Professionals in India

Amrita Kumari, Irfanul Haque, Sarita Jangra Bhyan, M Sreelakshmi, Nancy Goel, Aashi Jain, Besty Thomas, Kulsoom Hamid, Rashi Chauhan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: adverse drug reaction; healthcare professionals; pharmacovigilance; surveillance form; suspected ADR

Online: 3 August 2020 (08:49:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1955.v1

Economic Challenges, One Health Concerns, and Other Contributing Causes of the World Egg Shortage

Gunjan K, Riya Mukherjee, Jasmina Vidic, Marisa Manzano, Elcio Leal, Saheem Ahmad, Amjad R. Alyahyawi, V. Samuel Raj, Ramendra Pandey, Chung-Ming Chang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Egg shortage; Poultry supply chain; Influenza; Economic crisis; One Health surveillance

Online: 29 May 2023 (03:59:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0241.v1

ViralVar: A Web Tool for Multilevel Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes

Arghavan Alisoltani, Lukasz Jaroszewski, Adam Godzik, Arash Iranzadeh, Lacy Marie Simons, Taylor Joseph Dean, Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo, Judd Franklin Hultquist, Egon Anderson Ozer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: evolution; mutation; genomic surveillance; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; ViralVar; webtool

Online: 17 October 2022 (12:59:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0234.v1

Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System Mapping in Different Countries

Ramendra Pati Pandey, Riya Mukherjee, Chung-Ming Chang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: AMR, Surveillance; One Health Approach; Alternative Antibiotics; Comparative Medicine; Phage Therapy

Online: 17 January 2022 (14:46:22 CET)

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Antibiotics are in excessive use that has extensively increased antimicrobial resistance worldwide which has become the major public concern among the countries. To control this threat proper monitoring of the antimicrobial usage along with the increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is required. Further, surveillance of both the parameters is highly recommended for comparing the differences in distinct countries. Moreover, alternatives for antibiotics are also surveyed and are being researched for quick use in the near future. AMR is an issue that needs immense attention from various sectors. Thus, intervention of multisector is highly encouraged for better outcomes. One Health is one of the approaches that play a vital role in resolving this issue. In this research paper, six different European countries are discussed in terms of antimicrobial usage and AMR in the human and livestock sectors with the help of literature study and various reports published by different organizations. Data study has been conducted to collect the data for comparison study. Data sources of AMR and antimicrobial usage are analyzed and a thorough comparison of both antimicrobial use and AMR are conducted. Also, the application of One Health is studied for a balanced system. This article provides about various surveillance systems that are formed only to keep a track on the upcoming situation of AMR and the consumption of antimicrobials by the humans as well as animals. The article does not provide about all the details required to monitor the AMR issue but firmly allow the readers to get acknowledged with the broad information about the antimicrobial resistance across the six countries of Europe. The regular data collected by the different organizations play a vital role in monitoring the status of AMR and antimicrobial usage by humans and in live stocks. These annual reports have highly helped the government to decide for alternatives and have focused in many training activities to combat the AMR situation globally. AMR prevention is linked to the One Health concept. As antibiotic resistance genes persist on an interface between environment and animal and animal health, an approach is required in all three areas that stress the concept of 'One Approach to Health.'

Working Paper ARTICLE

Dynamic Object Tracking on Autonomous UAV System: For Surveillance Applications

Li-Yu Lo, Chi Hao Yiu, Yu Tang, Boyang Li, Chih-Yung Wen

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: UAV; Object Detection; Object Tracking; Deep Learning; Kalman Filter; Autonomous Surveillance

Online: 28 September 2021 (11:27:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0654.v1

BARD1 and Breast Cancer: The Possibility of Creating Screening Tests and New Preventive and Therapeutic Pathways for Predisposed Women

Marcin Śniadecki, Michał Brzeziński, Katarzyna Darecka, Dagmara Klasa-Mazurkiewicz, Patryk Poniewierza, Marta Krzeszowiec, Natalia Kmieć, Dariusz Wydra

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: breast cancer; BARD1; surveillance; management; genetic testing; predisposition; susceptibility; neoadjuvant; chemotherapy

Online: 26 September 2020 (17:32:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0371.v1

BARD1 and Breast Cancer: the Possibility of Creating Screening Tests and New Preventive and Therapeutic Pathways for Predisposed Women

Marcin Śniadecki, Michał Brzeziński, Katarzyna Darecka, Dagmara Klasa-Mazurkiewicz, Patryk Poniewierza, Marta Krzeszowiec, Natalia Kmieć, Dariusz Wydra

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: breast cancer; BARD1; surveillance; management; genetic testing; predisposition; susceptibility; neoadjuvant; chemotherapy

Online: 18 August 2020 (03:08:11 CEST)

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Working Paper COMMUNICATION

Effective Infection Control Accelerated SARS-CoV-2 Suppression in China

Xuebing Liu, Shanshan Deng, Xianqin Zhang, Xiaokui Zhu, Chao Liu, Tai Yang, Xue Luo, Nanqing Luo, Li Yang, Youjun Feng, Le Zhang, Ming Xiao, Lin Zhang, Xu Jia

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Infection Control; Epidemic Surveillance; International Cooperation

Online: 3 March 2020 (11:30:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1179.v1

An Overview of the Chemical and Drug Overdose Poisoning Reporting System as a Surveillance System, Makkah, Saudi Arabia 2018-2019

Ghanim Hamid Al-Khattabi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: reporting; system; chemical; drug overdose; poisoning; surveillance; Makkah Almukarramah; Saudi Arabia ;

Online: 17 November 2023 (15:04:33 CET)

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Background: Poisoning is a growing public problem that has shown increased prevalence in many countries worldwide, contributing to increased costs and mortalities. A lack of or insufficient information regarding the circumstances, chemicals, drugs and people at risk due to imperfect reporting system is regarded as a barrier to successful poisoning prevention and intervention efforts. In Saudi Arabia, poisoning cases are monitored at the central level in the Ministry of Health, with meticulous follow-up of cases across country areas through public health departments. The current study's objective was to describe the poisoning notification and reporting system in Makkah.Subjects and methods: All reports of chemical and drug overdose poisoning delivered to the environmental health and occupational safety department in Makkah Almukarramah over two years (2018-2019) were reviewed, together with verification of all systems, rules and guidelines organizing the performance of the department.Results: The total number of cases reported in 2018 was 209 cases, while it reached 42 cases in 2019. The overwhelming majority of the cases were Saudi (91.6%), with a slight predominance of males (57.4%) over females (42.6%). Generally, almost two-thirds of the cases occurred in children below 13 years (61.4%), most of the poisoning cases resulted from drug overdose (63.3%), while 34.7% were chemical poisoning. The most common drug poisoning was attributed to analgesics followed by antiepileptics, antihypertensive drugs, antipsychotics and antimicrobials, while cleaning and detergent agents were the most commonly poisoned chemicals. The majority of these agents were taken by the oral route. Children's chemical poisoning was significantly higher than that in older age groups (p<0.05). All intentional poisoning occurred in adults; the great majority of them (88.9%) used drug overdosing rather than chemical substances.Conclusion and recommendations: The current study results are consistent with most of the previous studies carried out in different regions in Saudi Arabia. Reviewing the performance and adherence of the “Environmental Health and Occupational Safety Department” to the guidelines and instruction regulating monitoring, notification and reporting of poison cases are satisfactory and the poisoning surveillance system is effective. Further in-depth studies are needed to elaborate other socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with chemical and drug overdose poisoning. Public health plans, policies and legislations should be implemented to reduce these factors, including prohibition over-the-counter pharmaceutical sales, selling the possibly harmful substances in kid-proof bottles and additional stringent rules governing chemical sale and storage. Intensive supervision of children is needed. Suicidal poisoning patients should seek psychiatric help to limit the possibility of attempting suicide again in the future. Furthermore, efforts are needed to plan and implement health education programs and campaigns about the factors proven in the current study to be significantly related to chemical and drug overdose poisoning to raise public knowledge about exposure to chemicals and its consequences. Popular communication media, commercial malls, road ads, learning institutions and workplaces can be used to deliver health education campaigns and programs. Advice on how to store chemicals safely and how to keep kids safe should be focused on during such programs.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0234.v1

Irish Dancing Injuries and Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review

Ana Rita Póvoa, Cláudia Maria Costa, Sérgio Simões, Ana Morais Azevedo, Raul Oliveira

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: Irish dance; injuries; risk factors; injury prevention; epidemiology; prevalence; incidence; surveillance system

Online: 12 April 2023 (03:35:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0207.v3

Underreporting and Triggering Factors for Two Ophthalmic Drugs’ ADR Notification; A Comparison between Spontaneous Reporting and Active Pharmacovigilance Databases

Homero Contreras-Salinas, Leopoldo Martín Baiza-Durán, Manuel Alejandro Bautista-Castro, Diego Rodrigo Alonso-Rodríguez, Lourdes Yolotzin Rodríguez-Herrera

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Adverse Drug Reaction; Spontaneous reporting; Active surveillance; Underreporting; Antiglau-coma; Artificial tear

Online: 11 October 2022 (03:18:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0015.v1

SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater: Occurrence, Detection and Implications

Anshika Billa, Sanjeev Balda, Aarjoo Sharma, Rupali Dhingra, Shiv Nandan Sah, Neena Capalash, Prince Sharma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Wastewater; Surveillance; SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater based epidemiology; COVID-19; Detection; Sewage

Online: 4 April 2022 (11:04:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0035.v1

Risk-Based Mapping Tools for Surveillance and Control of the Invasive Mosquito Aedes Albopictus in Switzerland

Damiana Ravasi, Francesca Mangili, David Huber, Laura Azzimonti, Lukas Engeler, Nicola Vermes, Giacomo Del Rio, Valeria Guidi, Mauro Tonolla, Eleonora Flacio

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: Aedes albopictus; ovitrap; regularized logistic regression; ecological niche model; environmental factors; surveillance

Online: 2 February 2022 (13:18:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0264.v1

Timothy Gustavo Cavazzotto, Natã Gomes de Lima Stavinski, Marcos Roberto Queiroga, Michael Pereira da Silva, Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino, Helio Serassuelo Junior, Edgar Ramos Vieira

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: exercise; marriage; sedentary behavior; gender; age groups; behavioral risk factors surveillance system

Online: 15 November 2021 (13:44:23 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0320.v1

Inherent Bias of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Quantification for Wastewater Surveillance Due to Variable RT-qPCR Assay Parameters

Aaron Bivins, Devrim Kaya, Kyle Bibby, Stuart Simpson, Stephen Bustin, Orin Shanks, Warish Ahmed

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: RT-qPCR; assay validity; standard curve; quality assurance; quality control; wastewater surveillance

Online: 11 June 2021 (14:10:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0671.v1

Long-Term Pedigree Analysis: An Effective Tool for Managing Congenital Malformations in Cattle

Jindřich Čítek, Libor Večerek, Soňa Šlosárková, Petr Fleischer, Daniela Schröffelová, Josef Kučera

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: genetic health; surveillance program; aplasia genitalis; atresia ani et recti; hernia cerebralis

Online: 26 March 2021 (15:09:33 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0283.v3

Assessing the Risks of SARS-CoV-2 in Wildlife

Richard Delahay, Jose de la Fuente, Graham Smith, Khan Sharun, Emma Snary, Luis Flores Giron, Julius Nziza, Anthony Fooks, Sharon Brookes, Fabian Lean, Andrew Breed, Christian Gortazar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Covid-19; wildlife; host-switching; reservoirs; risk assessment; surveillance

Online: 26 March 2021 (10:25:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0173.v1

Molecular Epidemiology Surveillance of SARS-Cov-2: Mutations and Genetic Diversity One Year After Emerging

Alejandro Flores-Alanis, Armando Cruz-Rangel, Flor Rodríguez-Gómez, James González, Carlos Alberto Torres-Guerrero, Gabriela Delgado, Alejandro Cravioto, Rosario Morales-Espinosa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; genetic diversity; molecular surveillance; natural selection; non-synonymous substitution

Online: 11 January 2021 (09:50:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0204.v2

Hospital and Population-Based Evidences for COVID-19 Early Circulation in the East of France

Laurent Gerbaud, Candy Guiguet-Auclair, Franck Breysse, Joséphine Odoul, Lemlih Ouchchane, Jonathan Peterschmitt, Camille Dezfouli-Desfer, Vincent Breton

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-Cov-2; epidemic surveillance; emerging infectious disease; epidemic threshold

Online: 23 September 2020 (11:10:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0014.v1

Decreasing Trends in HIV Testing among Adults in Georgia: Analysis of the 2010-2014 BRFSS Data

Benjamin E. Ansa, Sashia White, Yunmi Chung, Selina A. Smith

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HIV/AIDS; testing; trends; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; socio-demographic; Georgia

Online: 5 September 2016 (11:21:36 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0341.v2

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Tuberculosis Case Findings of India: Exploration of the Magnitude of the Threats as Well as the Available Opportunity to Mitigate the Threats

Abhijit Dey, Arista Lahiri, Sweety Suman Jha, Arup Kumar Chakrabartty

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Impact of COVID on TB; TB Notification in India; Integrated TB COVID Activity; Threats and Opportunity during COVID; Initiatives to improve TB Surveillance; TB Surveillance during COVID Pandemic

Online: 22 June 2021 (14:05:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1181.v1

Influenza Vaccination Uptake and Prognostic Factors Among Health Professionals in Italy: Results From the Nationwide Sur-Veillance PASSI 2015–2018

Valentina Minardi, Rosaria Gallo, Valentina Possenti, Benedetta Contoli, Davide Di Fonzo, Elvira D’Andrea, Maria Masocco

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: influenza vaccination; health personnel; health care worker; surveillance system; epidemiology; prevention; public health

Online: 17 May 2023 (04:27:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0301.v1

A Model to Predict Upstaging to Invasive Carcinoma in Patients Preoperatively Diagnosed with Low-grade Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast

Luca Nicosia, Anna Carla Bozzini, Silvia Penco, Chiara Trentin, Maria Pizzamiglio, Matteo Lazzeroni, Germana Lissidini, Paolo Veronesi, Gabriel Farante, Samuele Frassoni, Vincenzo Bagnardi, Cristiana Fodor, Nicola Fusco, Elham Sajjadi, Enrico Cassano, Filippo Pesapane

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS); invasive breast carcinoma; breast; biopsy; overtreatment; active surveillance.

Online: 17 November 2021 (11:03:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0557.v1

Wastewater-based SARS-CoV-2 Environmental Monitoring for Piedmont, Italy

Angelo Robotto, David Lembo, Paola Quaglino, Enrico Brizio, Denis Polato, Andrea Civra, Jessica Cusato, Giovanni Di Perri

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater; treatment; plant; Environmental Virology Monitoring and Surveillance; E gene

Online: 24 May 2021 (10:35:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0481.v1

Minimizing Errors in RT-PCR Detection and Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA for Wastewater Surveillance

Warish Ahmed, Stuart Simpson, Paul Bertsch, Kyle Bibby, Aaron Bivins, Linda Blackall, Silvia Bofill-Mas, Albert Bosch, Joao Brandao, Phil Choi, Mark Ciesielski, Erica Donner, Nishita D'Souza, Andreas Farnleitner, Daniel Gerrity, Raul Gonzalez, John Griffith, Pradip Gyawali, Charles Haas, Kerry Hamilton, Chanditha Hapuarachchi, Valerie Harwood, Rehnuma Haque, Greg Jackson, Stuart Khan, Wesaal Khan, Masaaki Kitajima, Asja Korajkic, Giuseppina La Rosa, Blythe Layton, Erin Lipp, Sandra McLellan, Brian McMinn, Gertjan Medema, Suzanne Metcalfe, Wim Meijer, Jochen Mueller, Heather Murphy, Colleen Naughton, Rachel Noble, Sudhi Payyappat, Susan Petterson, Tarja Pitkanen, Veronica Rajal, Brandon Reyneke, Fernando Roman, Joan Rose, Marta Rusinol, Michael Sadowsky, Laura Sala-Comorera, Yin Xiang Setoh, Samendra Sherchan, Kwanrawee Sirikanchana, Wendy Smith, Joshua Steele, Rosalie Sabburg, Erin Symonds, Phong Thai, Kevin Thomas, Josh Tynan, Simon Toze, Janelle Thompson, Andy Whiteley, Judith Wong, Daisuke Sano, Stefan Wuertz, Irene Xagoraraki, Qian Zhang, Amity Zimmer-Faust, Orin Shanks

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater; Surveillance; False-positive; False-negative; RT-PCR

Online: 19 April 2021 (13:08:13 CEST)

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Wastewater surveillance for pathogens using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is an effective, resource-efficient tool for gathering additional community-level public health information, including the incidence and/or prevalence and trends of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater may provide an early-warning signal of COVID-19 infections in a community. The capacity of the world’s environmental microbiology and virology laboratories for SARS-CoV-2 RNA characterization in wastewater is rapidly increasing. However, there are no standardized protocols nor harmonized quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance. This paper is a technical review of factors that can lead to false-positive and -negative errors in the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, culminating in recommendations and strategies that can be implemented to identify and mitigate these errors. Recommendations include, stringent QA/QC measures, representative sampling approaches, effective virus concentration and efficient RNA extraction, amplification inhibition assessment, inclusion of sample processing controls, and considerations for RT-PCR assay selection and data interpretation. Clear data interpretation guidelines (e.g., determination of positive and negative samples) are critical, particularly during a low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. Corrective and confirmatory actions must be in place for inconclusive and/or potentially significant results (e.g., initial onset or reemergence of COVID-19 in a community). It will also be prudent to perform inter-laboratory comparisons to ensure results are reliable and interpretable for ongoing and retrospective analyses. The strategies that are recommended in this review aim to improve SARS-CoV-2 characterization for wastewater surveillance applications. A silver lining of the COVID-19 pandemic is that the efficacy of wastewater surveillance was demonstrated during this global crisis. In the future, wastewater will play an important role in the surveillance of a range of other communicable diseases.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0512.v1

Real-World Effectiveness of Meropenem: Results of an Observational Study in 84 Colombian Patients

Santiago Garnica-Velandia, Aristizábal-Ruiz Luz Adriana, Carlos Arturo Alvarez-Moreno

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: antimicrobials; meropenem; generic drug; real-life studies; product surveillance, postmarketing; treatment outcome; pharmacovigilance

Online: 19 November 2020 (13:34:26 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1224.v1

Evolution and Current Status of Inﬂuenza A Virus in Chile: A Review

Marcos Godoy, Marco Montes de Oca, Diego Caro, Juan Pablo Pontigo, Molly Kibenge, Frederick Kibenge

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Influenza A virus; avian influenza virus; genomic surveillance; poultry farms; wild birds; HPAI H5N1.

Online: 19 September 2023 (03:54:36 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Descriptive Study of Children's Nutritional Status and Identification of Community-level Nursing Diagnoses, in a School Community in Africa

Pedro Melo, Maria Isabel Sousa, Matilde Mabui Dimande, Sónia Taboada, Assunção Nogueira, Carlos Pinto, Maria Henriqueta Figueiredo, Tam Nguyen, José Martinéz-Riéra

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: Nutritional Surveillance; Public Health; Community Health Nursing; Public Health Nursing; Children’s health; Community Participation

Online: 17 August 2020 (10:08:36 CEST)

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Effectively responding to children’s nutritional status and eating behaviors in Mozambique requires a community-based care approach grounded in sound nursing research that is evidence-based. The Community Assessment, Intervention, and Empowerment Model (MAIEC) is a nursing theoretical model that bases clinical decision-making for community health nurses using communities as a unit of care. We used the MAIEC to identify a community-based nursing diagnosis to address children’s nutritional status and eating behaviors in Mozambique. Objectives: (1) To conduct a descriptive study of children’s nutritional status and eating behaviors in a school community in Mavalane, Mozambique, and (2) to identify a community-based nursing diagnosis using the MAIEC clinical decision-making matrix in the same school community. Method: A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of children using anthropometric data, including brachial perimeter and the tricipital skinfold, and standard deviation for the relation of weight-height, in a sample of 227 children. To assess community management of the problem and identify a community-based nursing diagnosis, we surveyed 176 parents/guardians and 49 education professionals, using a questionnaire based on the MAIEC clinical decision matrix as a reference. Results: Malnutrition was identified in more than half of the children (51.3%). We also identified a community-based nursing diagnosis of impaired community management related to the promotion of child health and healthy eating as evident by lack of community leadership, participation, and processing among more than 70% of the community members (parents/guardians and education professionals). Conclusion: A nursing diagnosis and diagnostic criteria for nutritional status and community management were identified. The need to intervene using a multidisciplinary public health approach is imperative, with the school community as the unit of care. In addition, reliable anthropometric data were used to complement the nursing diagnosis and guide future public health interventions.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0211.v2

Surveillance of Mosquitoes for Zika Virus in Westchester County, New York

Randolph Earl Schilke

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Zika virus; Flavivirus; RNA Viruses; Viruses; surveillance; occurrence; epidemiology; West Nile virus; Aedes; Culicidae

Online: 30 March 2017 (04:53:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1532.v1

Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Individuals in a Large Healthcare Organization from New Jersey

José R. Mediavilla, Tara Lozy, Annie Lee, Justine Kim, Veronica W. Kan, Elizabeth Titova, Ashish Amin, Michael Zody, André Corvelo, Dayna M. Oschwald, Amy Baldwin, Samantha Fennessey, Jerry M. Zuckerman, Thomas Kirn, Liang Chen, Yanan Zhao, Kar Fai Chow, Tom Maniatis, David S. Perlin, Barry N. Kreiswirth

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; pandemic; variants; RT-PCR; sequencing; surveillance; vaccination; vaccine breakthrough; comorbidity.

Online: 21 July 2023 (13:55:29 CEST)

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New Jersey was among the first states impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with one of the highest overall death rates in the nation. Nevertheless, relatively few reports have been published focusing specifically on New Jersey. Here we report on molecular, clinical, and epidemiologic observations from the largest healthcare network in the state, in a cohort of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We conducted molecular surveillance of SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swabs collected in nine hospitals from December 2020 through June 2022, using both whole genome sequencing (WGS) and a real-time RT-PCR screening assay targeting spike protein mutations found in variants of concern (VOC) within our region. De-identified clinical data were obtained retrospectively, including demographics, COVID-19 vaccination status, ICU admission, ventilator support, mortality, and medical history. Statistical analyses were performed to identify associations between SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccination status, clinical outcomes, and medical risk factors. A total of 5,007 SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swabs were successfully screened and/or sequenced. Variant screening identified three predominant VOC, including Alpha (n =714), Delta (n =1,877), and Omicron (n =1,802). Omicron isolates were further sub-typed as BA.1 (n =899), BA.2 (n =853), and BA.4/BA.5 (n =50); the remaining 614 isolates were classified as “Other”. Approximately 31.5% (1,577/5,007) of the samples were associated with vaccine breakthrough infections, which increased in frequency following the emergence of Delta and Omicron. Severe clinical outcomes included ICU admission (336/5007 = 6.7%), ventilator support (236/5007 = 4.7%), and mortality (430/5007 = 8.6%), with increasing age being the most significant contributor to each (p <0.001). Unvaccinated individuals accounted for 79.7% (268/336) of ICU admissions, 78.3% (185/236) of ventilator cases, and 74.4% (320/430) of deaths. Highly significant (p <0.001) increases in mortality were observed in individuals with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, but not with obesity, thyroid disease, or respiratory disease. Significant differences (p <0.001) in clinical outcomes were also noted between SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Delta, Omicron BA.1, and Omicron BA.2. Vaccination was associated with significantly improved clinical outcomes in our study, despite an increase in breakthrough infections associated with waning immunity, greater antigenic variability, or both. Underlying comorbidities contributed significantly to mortality in both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, with increasing risk based on the total number of comorbidities. Real-time RT-PCR-based screening facilitated timely identification of predominant variants using a minimal number of spike protein mutations, with faster turnaround time and reduced cost compared to WGS. Continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants will likely require ongoing surveillance for new VOCs, with real-time assessment of clinical impact.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0242.v1

Effectiveness of Abdominal Ultrasonography for Improving the Prognosis of Pancreatic Cancer during Medical Checkup: A Single Center Retrospective Analysis

Atsushi Yamaguchi, Naohiro Kato, Syuhei Sugata, Takuro Hamada, Nao Furuya, Takeshi Mizumoto, Yuzuru Tamaru, Ryusaku Kusunoki, Toshio Kuwai, Hirotaka Kouno, Naoyuki Toyota, Takeshi Sudo, Kazuya Kuraoka, Hiroshi Kohno

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: pancreatic cancer (PC); abdominal ultrasonography (US); surveillance; prognosis; medical checkup; 5-year survival; cancer screening

Online: 16 September 2022 (08:08:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0381.v1

Building-Level Wastewater Monitoring for COVID-19 Using Tampon Swabs and RT-LAMP for Rapid SARS-Cov-2 RNA Detection

Aaron Bivins, Megan Lott, Marlee Shaffer, Zhenyu Wu, Devin North, Erin Lipp, Kyle Bibby

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; wastewater monitoring; environmental surveillance; RT-LAMP; building-level; near-source; passive sampling

Online: 17 May 2021 (10:07:04 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0253.v1

Optimizing Open Data to Support One Health: Best Practices to Ensure Interoperability of Genomic Data from Microbial Pathogens

Ruth E. Timme, William J. Wolfgang, Maria Balkey, Sai Laxmi Gubbala Venkata, Robyn Randolph, Marc Allard, Errol Strain

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Genomic Epidemiology; GenomeTrakr; microbial pathogen surveillance, NCBI submission; whole genome sequencing; QA/QC; One Health

Online: 16 April 2020 (05:26:42 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Detecting Malicious False Frame Injection Attacks on Video Surveillance at the Edge Using Electrical Network Frequency Signals

Deeraj Nagothu, Yu Chen, Erik Blasch, Alexander Aved, Sencun Zhu

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: video surveillance; visual layer attack; electrical network frequency (ENF) signal; false frame injection (FFI) attack

Online: 1 April 2019 (09:50:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0427.v1

Quality of Alcohol Based Hand Sanitizers Marketed in the Nairobi Metropolis

Kennedy Abuga, Nasser Nyamweya, Obed King’ondu

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Hand sanitizer; COVID-19; alcohol; methanol substitution; gas chromatography; substandard products; falsified products; post-market surveillance

Online: 24 September 2021 (12:25:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0330.v1

EndoScreen Chip: Serum Complement C9 Immunoassays Improve Risk Prediction and Early Diagnosis of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Julie A. Webster, Alain Wuethrich, Karthik B. Shanmugasundaram, Renee S. Richards, Wioleta M. Zelek, Alok K. Shah, Louisa Gordon, Bradley J. Kendall, Gunter Hartel, B. Paul Morgan, Matt Trau, Michelle M. Hill

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Barrett’s esophagus; biomarker; surveillance; screening; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; SERS; complement component; liquid biopsy; lectin; glycoprotein.

Online: 12 March 2021 (08:03:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0328.v1

What Can We Learn from Burkina Faso COVID-19 Data? Using Phenomenological Models to Characterize the Initial Growth Dynamic of the Outbreak and to Generate Short-Term Forecasts

Toussaint Rouamba, Sekou Samadoulougou, Bruno Bonnechère, Benjamin Chiêm, Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; coronavirus; enhanced surveillance; real-time forecasts; phenomenological models; sub-exponential growth; Kadiogo; Burkina Faso

Online: 19 April 2020 (05:23:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0997.v1

Montserrat García Gómez, Alin Manuel Gherasim, Juan María Roldan Romero, Luz Maria Montoya Martinez, Jesús Oliva Domínguez, Sofía Escalona López

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; temporary disability; cumulative incidence; healthcare workers; National Network of Epidemiological Surveillance; Spain

Online: 15 May 2023 (07:49:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0035.v1

Measuring Bereavement Prevalence in a Complex Sampling Survey: The 2019 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

Changle Li, Toni P. Miles, Ye Shen, Rana Bayakly, Moses Ido, M. Mahmud Khan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: BRFSS; Bereavement; Grief; Mental Health; Physical Health; Population Surveillance; Social de-terminants of health; Multiple Imputation; Screening

Online: 4 January 2023 (01:54:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0322.v1

Discovery of Avian Paramyxoviruses APMV-1 and APMV-6 in Shorebirds and Waterfowl in Southern Ukraine

Amy C. Klink, Oleksandr Rula, Mykola Sushko, Maksym Bezymennyi, Oleksandr Mezinov, Oleksandr Gaidash, Xiao Bai, Anton Stegniy, Mykola Sushko, Roman Datsenko, Sergiy Skorohod, Vitalii Nedosekov, Nichola Hill, Levan Ninua, Ganna Kovalenko, Anne Lise Ducluzeau, Andriy Mezhenskiy, Devin M. Drown, Douglas Causey, Borys Stegniy, Anton Gerilovych, Eric Bortz, Denys Muzyka

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Viral Ecology; APMV; wild birds; Surveillance of Avian Paramyxoviruses; phylogenetics; MinION; Azov-Black Sea region in Ukraine

Online: 23 June 2022 (09:33:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0055.v1

Electronic Surveillance and Security Applications of Magnetic Microwires

Valentina Zhukova, Paula Corte-Leon, Juan Maria Blanco, Mihail Ipatov, Julian Gonzalez, Arcady Zhukov

Subject: Physical Sciences, Acoustics Keywords: magnetic microwires; magnetic bistability; magnetic tag; electronic surveillance; domain wall propagation; post-processing; magnetic anisotropy; magnetostatic interaction.

Online: 4 January 2021 (16:18:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0453.v1

UDTN-RS: A New Underwater Delay Tolerant Network Routing Protocol for Facilitating Coastal Patrol and Surveillance Networks

Ahmed Ali Neffati, Saiful Azad, Mufti Mahmud, Suryanti Awang, Kamal Z. Zamli, M. Shamim Kaiser, Mohammed A. Aseeri, Muhammad Raisuddin Ahmed

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: coastal patrol and surveillance network; UDTN-Prob; UDTN-RS; DTN networks; DTN routing protocols; DESERT underwater simulator

Online: 17 November 2020 (14:06:30 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Adolescents Are More than Twice as Likely to Consume Soft Drinks and Chips at Locations Away from Home and School: Correspondence Analysis and Logistic Regression Results from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme

Luigi Palla, Andrew Chapman, Eric Beh, Gerda Pot, Eva Almiron-Roig

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: obesity; eating context; nutrient-poor foods; nutritional surveillance; adolescents; survey data analysis; data-mining; correspondence analysis; biplots

Online: 9 June 2020 (13:52:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0495.v1

Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19): A Survey of Analysis, Modeling and Recommendations

Tehmina Amjad, Ali Daud, Malik Khizar Hayat, Muhammad Tanvir Afzal, Hussain Dawood

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19); analysis; modeling; recommendations; surveillance; social media analytics; meteorological effects; image processing; business and economy

Online: 24 August 2020 (02:54:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0513.v1

HIV and Patient Monitoring in Malawi

Brian Williams

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Tropical Medicine Keywords: Malawi, HIV, tuberculosis, anti-retroviral therapy, surveillance, patient monitoring, epidemic trends, drug supply, unique patient identifiers, data analysis

Online: 27 September 2018 (15:29:43 CEST)

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Malawi has developed an excellent, nation-wide system for monitoring people infected with HIV and keeping track of key epidemic markers. Their success lies in two things: the focus on simplicity and the use of data collection not only to track the epidemic and identify problems but also to give regular feedback and support to every clinic in the country. This achievement is the more remarkable given that Malawi is one of the poorest countries in the world, ranking 190 out of 194 countries by GDP, but has one of the most severe epidemics of HIV in the world, ranking 9th out of 168 countries by HIV prevalence. We first discuss the current state and likely future epidemic trends in Malawi: unless we know where we are and where we are going we cannot decide what to do or how to do it to in order to achieve a better outcome. We then discuss the history and development of Malawi’s patient monitoring system, as reported in their Integrated HIV Program Reports,ix which have been published quarterly since the beginning of 2004. We consider the current state of patient monitoring and support as reflected in the most recent report for the third quarter (Q3) of 2016 and comment on some of the questions that this raises. Finally, we consider ways in which the current system could be improved by strengthening Malawi’s analytical capacity and making better use of this unique data set. The focus here is on HIV in adultsv because if ART is initiated early in all adults living with HIV this should include testing all pregnant women for HIV and starting them on treatment immediately. However, PMTCT is especially important and care must be given to reducing MTCT and identifying the long-term child survivors of mother-to-child transmission and this demands a complementary assessment. There is an ongoing debate about the relative merits of treatment and prevention in reducing transmission and it should be made clear that the primary reason for starting people on treatment early is that it is in the best interest of the individual patient to start treatment as soon as possible after becoming infected. Allowing a person’s immune system to deteriorate to any degree is not consistent with the clinician’s commitment to ‘first do no harm’ and even those with the highest CD4⁺ cell count are at a substantially increased risk of death. What matters, therefore, is to get as many people as possible onto ART, ensure that they remain virally suppressed, and consider prevention in this context.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0110.v1

Efficient Human Violence Recognition for Surveillance in Real-Time

Herwin Alayn Huillcen Baca, Flor de Luz Palomino Valdivia, Juan Carlos Gutierrez Caceres

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Human violence recognition; video surveillance; real-time; spatial attention; spatial motion extractor; short temporal extractor; global temporal extractor; VioPeru

Online: 2 November 2023 (04:06:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0806.v1

Active Surveillance in the Management of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: The Radiologist’s Point of View

Luca Nicosia, Giuseppe di Giulio, Anna Carla Bozzini, Marianna Fanizza, Francesco Ballati, Anna Rotili, Matteo Lazzeroni, Antuono Latronico, Francesca Abbate, Giuseppe Renne, Francesca Addante, Marco Lucioni, Enrico Cassano, and Mauro Giuseppe Mastropasqua

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS); Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Underestimation; Upgrade Rate; Vacuum assisted breast biopsy (VABB); Breast Microcalcifications; Active Surveillance.

Online: 31 December 2020 (12:52:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0123.v1

Active Case Finding for Tuberculosis through TOUCH Agents in Selected High TB Burden Wards of Kolkata, India: A Mixed-methods Study on Outcomes and Implementation Challenges

Abhijit Dey, Pruthu Thekkur, Ayan Ghosh, Tanusree Dasgupta, Soumyajyoti Bandopadhyay, Arista Lahiri, Chidananda SV, Milan Dinda, Vivek Sharma, Namita Dimari, Dibyendu Chatterjee, Isita Roy, Anuradha Chanda, Parthiban Shanmugam, Brojokishore Saha, Sanghamitra Ghosh, Sharath Nagaraja

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Tropical Medicine Keywords: Active case findings; Tuberculosis; TOUCH Agent; High TB burden area; TB Surveillance; 4S Screening; THALI Project; SORT IT; Operational Research

Online: 11 September 2019 (13:30:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0571.v1

An Integrated vMF Embedding and VOS Framework for Robust Pedestrian Re-Identification and Out-of-Distribution Detection

Abdelhamid Bouzid, Daniel Sierra-Sosa, Adel Elmaghraby

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: pedestrian detection; tracking; re-identification; Virtual Outlier Synthetic: In distribution; Out Of Distribution; Unmanned Aerial Vehicles; Drones; surveillance; von-Mises Fisher Distributions

Online: 19 April 2023 (08:30:35 CEST)

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