Version 1
: Received: 13 January 2022 / Approved: 17 January 2022 / Online: 17 January 2022 (14:46:22 CET)
How to cite:
Pandey, R.P.; Mukherjee, R.; Chang, C. Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System Mapping in Different Countries. Preprints2022, 2022010234. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202201.0234.v1
Pandey, R.P.; Mukherjee, R.; Chang, C. Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System Mapping in Different Countries. Preprints 2022, 2022010234. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202201.0234.v1
Pandey, R.P.; Mukherjee, R.; Chang, C. Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System Mapping in Different Countries. Preprints2022, 2022010234. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202201.0234.v1
APA Style
Pandey, R.P., Mukherjee, R., & Chang, C. (2022). Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System Mapping in Different Countries. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202201.0234.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Pandey, R.P., Riya Mukherjee and Chung-Ming Chang. 2022 "Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System Mapping in Different Countries" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202201.0234.v1
Abstract
Antibiotics are in excessive use that has extensively increased antimicrobial resistance worldwide which has become the major public concern among the countries. To control this threat proper monitoring of the antimicrobial usage along with the increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is required. Further, surveillance of both the parameters is highly recommended for comparing the differences in distinct countries. Moreover, alternatives for antibiotics are also surveyed and are being researched for quick use in the near future. AMR is an issue that needs immense attention from various sectors. Thus, intervention of multisector is highly encouraged for better outcomes. One Health is one of the approaches that play a vital role in resolving this issue. In this research paper, six different European countries are discussed in terms of antimicrobial usage and AMR in the human and livestock sectors with the help of literature study and various reports published by different organizations. Data study has been conducted to collect the data for comparison study. Data sources of AMR and antimicrobial usage are analyzed and a thorough comparison of both antimicrobial use and AMR are conducted. Also, the application of One Health is studied for a balanced system. This article provides about various surveillance systems that are formed only to keep a track on the upcoming situation of AMR and the consumption of antimicrobials by the humans as well as animals. The article does not provide about all the details required to monitor the AMR issue but firmly allow the readers to get acknowledged with the broad information about the antimicrobial resistance across the six countries of Europe. The regular data collected by the different organizations play a vital role in monitoring the status of AMR and antimicrobial usage by humans and in live stocks. These annual reports have highly helped the government to decide for alternatives and have focused in many training activities to combat the AMR situation globally. AMR prevention is linked to the One Health concept. As antibiotic resistance genes persist on an interface between environment and animal and animal health, an approach is required in all three areas that stress the concept of 'One Approach to Health.'
Keywords
AMR, Surveillance; One Health Approach; Alternative Antibiotics; Comparative Medicine; Phage Therapy
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
