Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Epidemiological Data and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp in Portugal from 13 Years of Surveillance

Andreia Duarte
,
Luisa Pereira
ORCID logo ,
Maria-Leonor Lemos
,
João Rodrigues
ORCID logo ,
Rui Matias
,
Andrea Santos
,
Mónica Oleastro
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 14 December 2023 / Approved: 19 December 2023 / Online: 19 December 2023 (07:53:39 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Duarte, A.; Pereira, L.; Lemos, M.-L.; Pinto, M.; Rodrigues, J.C.; Matias, R.; Santos, A.; PTCampyNet; Oleastro, M. Epidemiological Data and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. in Portugal from 13 Years of Surveillance. Pathogens 2024, 13, 147. Duarte, A.; Pereira, L.; Lemos, M.-L.; Pinto, M.; Rodrigues, J.C.; Matias, R.; Santos, A.; PTCampyNet; Oleastro, M. Epidemiological Data and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. in Portugal from 13 Years of Surveillance. Pathogens 2024, 13, 147.

Abstract

This study conducted an extensive analysis of campylobacteriosis surveillance in Portugal from 2009 to 2021, aiming to investigate demographic shifts, seasonal variations, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) within Campylobacter isolates. Surveillance network and sentinel laboratory-based system data revealed a substantial under-notification of campylobacteriosis cases, suggesting an underestimated disease burden. A paradigm shift was observed in notification rates, with a notable prevalence among the pediatric population, particularly in children aged 1-4 years, diverging from European reports. However, the study also highlighted an emerging trend of Campylobacter infections in younger adults (15-44 years). The study unveiled a unique seasonal distribution of cases, defying typical summer peaks seen elsewhere. AMR analysis revealed extremely to very high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, both in C. jejuni (93.7% and 79.2%, respectively) and in C. coli (96.5% and 93.2%, respectively), stable throughout the studied period (2013-2021). C. coli also exhibited significantly higher resistance to erythromycin, gentamicin, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (decreased resistance), and ertapenem compared to C. jejuni (P<0.001). In conclusion, the study highlights the need for enhanced surveillance efforts and emphasizes worrying AMR levels. The implementation of WGS-based surveillance is recommended to attain a more profound comprehension of disease patterns and the evolving landscape of AMR.

Keywords

Campylobacter infection; epidemiology; surveillance; notification; antibiotic resistance

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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