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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0057.v2

Early Hydroxychloroquine Is Associated with an Increase of Survival in COVID-19 Patients: An Observational Study

Francisco Javier Membrillo, Germán Ramírez-Olivencia, Miriam Estébanez, Begoña de Dios, María Dolores Herrero, Tatiana Mata, Alberto M. Borobia, Carlos Gutiérrez, María Simón, Ana Ochoa, Yolanda Martínez, Alejandro Aguirre, Francisco de Asís Alcántara, Pablo Fernández-González, Elena López, Paula Valle, Sergio Campos, María Navarro, Lucía Elena Ballester

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; treatment; drug; survival; antiviral; hydroxychloroquine

Online: 9 May 2020 (04:45:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0544.v1

Peak Week and Competition Day Strategies of Competitive Natural Bodybuilders

Andrew J Chappell , Trevor Simper

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Bodybuilding; Drug Free; Competing; Peaking; Carbohydrate Loading; Water Loading; Sodium Loading; Fat Loading: Vitamin C; Fibre Restriction

Online: 27 September 2018 (12:58:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0452.v1

An Update on Self-Amplifying mRNA Vaccine Development

Anna Blakney, Andrew Geall, Shell Ip

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: RNA; self-amplifying RNA; replicon; vaccine; drug delivery

Online: 18 December 2020 (11:12:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0312.v1

Failure Analysis in Lithium-Ion Battery Production with FMEA-Based Large-Scale Bayesian Network

Michael Kirchhof, Klaus Haas, Thomas Kornas, Sebastian Thiede, Mario Hirz, Christoph Herrmann

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Bayesian Network; Root Cause Analysis; Failure Mode and Effect Analysis; Lithium-Ion 15 Battery Cell; Failure Propagation; Multi-Stage Production; Manufacturing Process; Process Optimization; Scrap Rate

Online: 14 December 2020 (09:31:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0349.v1

In Silico Identification of Potent COVID-19 Main Protease Inhibitors from FDA Approved Antiviral Compounds and Active Phytochemicals through Molecular Docking: A Drug Repurposing Approach

Vaishali Chandel, Sibi Raj, Brijesh Rathi, Dhruv Kumar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: novel coronavirus; COVID-19; protease; molecular docking; drug designing; ADME; drug repurposing

Online: 23 March 2020 (09:47:49 CET)

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The Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA ((+)ssRNA) virus. The COVID-19 Main Proteases play very important role in the propagation of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). It has already killed more than 8000 people around the world and thousands of people are getting infected every day. Therefore, it is very important to identify a potential inhibitor against COVID-19 Main Proteases to inhibit the propagation of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). We have applied a drug repurposing approach of computational methodology, depending on the synergy of molecular docking and virtual screening techniques, aimed to identify possible potent inhibitors against Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) from FDA approved antiviral compounds and from the library of active phytochemicals. On the basis of recently resolved COVID-19 Main Protease crystal structure (PDB:6LU7), the library of 100 FDA approved antiviral compounds and 1000 active components of Indian Medicinal Plants extracted for screening against COVID-19 Main Protease. The compounds were further screened using Pyrex virtual screening tool and then best inhibitors, top 19 compounds optimally docked to the COVID-19 Main Protease structure to understand the participation of specific amino acids with inhibitors at active sites. Total 19 best compounds were identified after screening based on their highest binding affinity with respect to the other screened compounds. Out of 19, 6 best compounds were further screened based on their binding affinity and best ADME properties. Nelfinavir exhibited highest binding energy -8.4 kcal/mol and strong stability with the TRP207, ILE281, LEU282, PHE3, PHE291, GLN127, ARG4, GLY283, GLU288, LYS5, LYS137, TYR126, GLY138, TYR126, SER139 and VAL135 amino acid residues of COVID-19 Main Protease participating in the interaction at the binding pocket. In addition to Nelfinavir (-8.4), Rhein (-8.1), Withanolide D (-7.8), Withaferin A (-7.7), Enoxacin (-7.4), and Aloe-emodin (-7.4) also showed good binding affinity and best ADME properties. Our findings suggest that these compounds can be used as potential inhibitors against COVID-19 Main Protease, which could be helpful in inhibiting the propagation of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). Moreover, further in vitro and in vivo validation of these findings would be very helpful to bring these inhibitors to next level study.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0242.v1

Long-Haul COVID-19: Putative Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Treatments

Shin Jie Yong

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; long-haul; inflammation; tissue damage; drug repurposing

Online: 10 December 2020 (09:42:20 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0418.v2

Virtual Screening Based Prediction of Potential Drugs for COVID-19

Sekhar Talluri

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: virtual screening; molecular docking; drug repurposing; drug repositioning; anti-viral drugs; Coronavirus; COVID-19; 2019-nCoV; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 9 March 2020 (02:29:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0030.v1

Strengths and Limitations of UAV and Ground-based Structure from Motion Photogrammetry in a Gullied Savanna Catchment

Jack Koci, Javier X. Leon, Ben Jarihani, Roy C. Sidle, Scott N. Wilkinson, Rebecca Bartley

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: digital elevation model; DEM; digital surface model; DSM; great barrier reef; gully erosion; multi-view stereo; point cloud; unmanned aerial vehicle

Online: 13 July 2017 (02:55:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0062.v1

Recent Advances in Trop 2 Targeted Therapy for Solid Tumors

Shutan Liao, Bing Wang, Rong Zeng, Haifeng Bao, Xiaomin Chen, Rakesh Dixit, Xiaoyan Xing

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Trop 2; targeted therapy; antibody-drug conjugate; solid tumors

Online: 2 December 2020 (12:35:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0053.v1

Applying Multi-Output Random Forest Models to Electricity Price Forecast

Camino González, José M. Mira, José A. Ojeda

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: electricity markets; price forecasting; multi-output models; random forests; conditional inference trees

Online: 18 September 2016 (06:16:19 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0179.v1

Explicit Treatment of Non Michaelis-Menten and Atypical Kinetics in Early Drug Discovery

Bharath Srinivasan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Non Michaelis-Menten Kinetics; High-throughput screening; allostery; cooperativity; processive kinetics; distributive kinetics; single-molecule; auto-catalytic; drug discovery

Online: 8 October 2020 (13:34:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0221.v1

Economic and Environmental Multi-objective Optimization of a Wind-Solar-Fuel Cell Hybrid Energy System in the Colombian Caribbean Region

Guillermo Valencia, Aldair Benavides, Yulineth Cardenas

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: fuel cell; wind energy; solar energy; hybrid energy system; Colombian caribbean region; multi-objective optimization

Online: 19 April 2019 (11:40:02 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Deep-Learning Based Real-Time Multiple-Object Detection and Tracking from Aerial Imagery via Flying Robot with GPU-based Embedded Devices

Sabir Hossain, Deok-Jin Lee

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Multi-Target Detection and Tracking; Multi-copter Drone; Aerial Imagery, Image Sensor, Deep Learning, GPU-based Embedded Module, Neural Computing Stick; Image Processing

Online: 18 July 2019 (10:09:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0360.v2

TMPRSS2 Transcriptional Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy for COVID-19

Xinchen Wang, Ryan Dhindsa, Gundula Povysil, Anthony Zoghbi, Joshua Motelow, Joseph Hostyk, Nicholas Nickols, Matthew Rettig, David B. Goldstein

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; transcriptional inhibition; COVID-19; drug repurposing; TMPRSS2

Online: 28 April 2020 (09:39:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0061.v1

Deep Learning Based Drug Screening for Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCov

Haiping Zhang, Konda Mani Saravanan, Yang Yang, Md. Tofazzal Hossain, Junxin Li, Xiaohu Ren, Yanjie Wei

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Coronavirus; Deep learning; Drug screening; homology modeling; main protease

Online: 5 February 2020 (10:59:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0047.v1

Possible Inhibitors of ACE2, the Receptor of 2019-nCoV

Qinghua Cui, Chuanbo Huang, Xiangwen Ji, Wanlu Zhang, Fenghong Zhang, Liang Wang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: 2019-nCoV; therapeutic strategies; drug; ACE2

Online: 4 February 2020 (10:59:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0440.v1

COVID-19: A Drug Repurposing and Biomarker Identification by Using Comprehensive Gene-Disease Associations through Protein-Protein Interaction Network Analysis

Suresh Kumar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; 2019-nCoV; novel corona virus; drug repurposing; chloroquine; high-risk group; asymptomatic

Online: 30 March 2020 (07:24:16 CEST)

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COVID-19 (2019-nCoV) is a pandemic disease with an estimated mortality rate of 3.4% (estimated by the WHO as of March 3, 2020). Until now there is no antiviral drug and vaccine for COVID-19. The current overwhelming situation by COVID-19 patients in hospitals is likely to increase in the next few months. About 15 percent of patients with serious disease in COVID-19 require immediate health services. Rather than waiting for new anti-viral drugs or vaccines that take a few months to years to develop and test, several researchers and public health agencies are attempting to repurpose medicines that are already approved for another similar disease and have proved to be fairly effective. This study aims to identify FDA approved drugs that can be used for drug repurposing and identify biomarkers among high- risk and asymptomatic groups. In this study gene-disease association related to COVID-19 reported mild, severe symptoms and clinical outcomes were determined. The high-risk group was studied related to SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and life cycle by using Disgenet and compared with curated COVID-19 gene data sets from the CTD database. The overlapped gene sets were enriched and the selected genes were constructed for protein-protein interaction networks. Through interactome, key genes were identified for COVID-19 and also for high risk and asymptomatic groups. The key hub genes involved in COVID-19 were VEGFA, TNF, IL-6, CXCL8, IL10, CCL2, IL1B, TLR4, ICAM1, MMP9. The identified key genes were used for drug-gene interaction for drug repurposing. The chloroquine, lenalidomide, pentoxifylline, thalidome, sorafenib, pacitaxel, rapamycin, cortisol, statins were proposed to be probable drug repurposing candidates for the treatment of COVID-19. However, these predicted drug candidates need to be validated through randomized clinical trials. Also, a key gene involved in high risk and the asymptomatic group were identified, which can be used as probable biomarkers for early identification.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0071.v1

Drug and Vaccine Design against Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Spike Protein through Computational Approach

Suresh Kumar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: 2019-nCoV; novel corona virus; Wuhan virus; drug; vaccine; spike protein; epitope; vaccine design

Online: 5 February 2020 (15:34:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0197.v1

A Machine Learning Approach for Air Quality Prediction: Model Regularization and Optimization

Dixian Zhu, Changjie Cai, Tianbao Yang, Xun Zhou

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: air pollutant prediction; multi-task learning; regularization; analytical solution

Online: 28 December 2017 (09:09:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0413.v1

Ontological and Bioinformatic Analysis of Anti-Coronavirus Drugs and Their Implication for Drug Repurposing against COVID-19

Yingtong Liu, Wallace K.B. Chan, Zhigang Wang, Junguk Hur, Jiangan Xie, Hong Yu, Yongqun He

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: coronavirus; drug; COVID-19; SARS; MERS; ontology; ChEBI; NDF-RT; DrON; bioinformatics

Online: 29 March 2020 (01:58:40 CET)

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Coronavirus-infected diseases have posed great threats to human health. In past years, highly infectious coronavirus-induced diseases, including COVID-19, SARS, and MERS, have resulted in world-wide severe infections. Our literature annotations identified 110 chemical drugs and 26 antibodies effective against at least one human coronavirus infection in vitro or in vivo. Many of these drugs inhibit viral entry to cells and viral replication inside cells or modulate host immune responses. Many antimicrobial drugs, including antimalarial (e.g., chloroquine and mefloquine) and antifungal (e.g., terconazole and rapamycin) drugs as well as antibiotics (e.g., teicoplanin and azithromycin) were associated with anti-coronavirus activity. A few drugs, including remdesivir, chloroquine, favipiravir, and tocilizumab, have already been reported to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro or in vivo. After mapping our identified drugs to three ontologies ChEBI, NDF-RT, and DrON, many features such as roles and mechanisms of action (MoAs) of these drugs were identified and categorized. For example, out of 57 drugs with MoA annotations in NDF-RT, 47 have MoAs of different types of inhibitors and antagonists. A total of 29 anticoronaviral drugs are anticancer drugs with the antineoplastic role. Two clustering analyses, one based on ChEBI-based semantic similarity, the other based on drug chemical similarity, were performed to cluster 110 drugs to new categories. Moreover, differences in physicochemical properties among the drugs were found between those inhibiting viral entry and viral replication. A total of 163 host genes were identified as the known targets of 68 anti-coronavirus drugs, resulting in a network of 428 interactions among these drugs and targets. Chlorpromazine, dasatinib, and anisomycin are the hubs of the drug-target network with the highest number of connected target proteins. Many enriched pathways such as calcium signaling and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways were identified. These findings may be used to facilitate drug repurposing against COVID-19.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0170.v1

Nanocellulose in Biotechnology and Medicine: Focus on Skin Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing

Lucie Bacakova, Julia Pajorova, Marketa Bacakova, Anne Skogberg, Pasi Kallio, Katerina Kolarova, Vaclav Svorcik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: bacterial nanocellulose; nanofibrillated nanocellulose; animal nanocellulose; algal nanocellulose; tissue engineering; tissue repair; wound dressing; cell delivery; drug delivery; antimicrobial properties

Online: 14 December 2018 (06:44:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0376.v1

Computational Strategies to Combat COVID-19: Useful Tools to Accelerate SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Research

Franziska Hufsky, Kevin Lamkiewicz, Alexandre Almeida, Abdel Aouacheria, Cecilia Arighi, Alex Bateman, Jan Baumbach, Niko Beerenwinkel, Christian Brandt, Marco Cacciabue, Sara Chuguransky, Oliver Drechsel, Robert D. Finn, Adrian Fritz, Stephan Fuchs, Georges Hattab, Anne-Christin Hauschild, Dominik Heider, Marie Hoffmann, Martin Hölzer, Stefan Hoops, Lars Kaderali, Ioanna Kalvari, Max von Kleist, René Kmiecinski, Denise Kühnert, Gorka Lasso, Pieter Libin, Markus List, Hannah F. Löchel, Maria J. Martin, Roman Martin, Julian Matschinske, Alice C. McHardy, Pedro Mendes, Jaina Mistry, Vincent Navratil, Eric Nawrocki, Áine Niamh O'Toole, Nancy Palacios-Ontiveros, Anton I. Petrov, Guillermo Rangel-Piñeros, Nicole Redaschi, Susanne Reimering, Knut Reinert, Alejandro Reyes, Lorna Richardson, David L. Robertson, Sepideh Sadegh, Joshua B. Singer, Kristof Theys, Chris Upton, Marius Welzel, Lowri Williams, Manja Marz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: virus bioinformatics; SARS-CoV-2; sequencing; epidemiology; drug design; tools

Online: 23 May 2020 (11:01:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0122.v2

Can Melatonin Reduce the Severity of COVID-19 Pandemic?

Alex Shneider, Aleksandr Kudriavtsev, Anna Vakhrusheva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: melatonin; coronavirus; pandemic; SARS-CoV-2; bat; lung; apoptosis; programmed cell death; mortality; morbidity; COVID-19; drug

Online: 9 April 2020 (09:24:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0292.v1

Prediction of Drug Potencies of BACE1 Inhibitors: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation and MM_GB(PB)SA Scoring

Mazen Hamed

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; BACE1; Molecular dynamics; MM/GBSA; Inhibitors; Drug likeness; Ligand efficiency, Kd.

Online: 10 November 2020 (09:10:50 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0312.v1

Virion Structure and Mechanism of Propagation of Coronaviruses including SARS-CoV 2 (COVID -19 ) and some Meaningful Points for Drug or Vaccine Development

Swapan Ghosh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19); + ssRNA; ribosomal – framshift; Pseudoknot; replication; model; drug; vaccine

Online: 14 August 2020 (08:26:31 CEST)

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SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19, a new seventh human corona virus, has out-broken in Wuhan, China since 31^st December 2019, and quickly escalated to take the form of pandemic which killed many human beings throughout almost all countries across continents. The rapidity of its transmission from human to human is far greater than all previous human corona viruses which came into existence like SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, etc. The nucleotide sequence of SARS-CoV-2 (isolates Wuhan-Hu-1) is 29,875 bp in ss-RNA. Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infected pneumonia include from asymptomatic to high fever and/or respiratory illnesses. Coronavirus virion (spherical/round /elliptical in shape) consists of three parts- outer membrane or envelope, nucleocapsid and genome (RNA). SARS-CoV-2 was shown to use receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for attachment to the cells through its surface spike (S) protein (S1), and the virion enters into the host cell through two routes- direct membrane fusion and endocytotic pathway. The RNA of SARS-CoV acts directly as mRNA and here minus(-) 1 programmed ribosomal frameshift (-1PRF) is being operated by slippery sequence and pseudoknot, so it translates 16 nonstructural proteins including RNA dependent RNA replicase. Then genomic RNA replicated continuously on – strand RNA template and subgenomic RNA transcribed discontinuously on –RNA template to sgmRNA. Subgenomic RNAs/sgmRNAs synthesize all structural proteins. This article takes into consideration the details of established theories of viral structure, viral attachment, mode of entry into human cells, different models of replication and transcription of virus genome proposed by eminent scientists over the years, and makes an in depth examination highlighting meaningful points or important target cites of viral propagation or synthesis, which are conserved, for prompt development of potent drugs or vaccine to counter COVID-19 for which human race is anxiously and eagerly waiting.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0119.v1

Processes of Direct Laser Writing 3D Nano-Lithography

Simonas Varapnickas, Mangirdas Malinauskas

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: 3D nano-lithography, 3D laser lithography, direct laser writing, nanopolymerization, cross-linking, multi-photon absorption, avalanche ionization, temperature effects

Online: 11 December 2018 (09:31:31 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0311.v1

Pharmacotherapy of COVID-19: Considerations for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Amirreza Naseri, Sepideh Seyedi Sahebari, Mohammad-Salar Hosseini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Angiotensin converting enzyme 2; breast feeding; drug therapy; pregnancy; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

Online: 13 May 2021 (15:26:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0157.v1

Influence of Chinese National Centralized Drug Procurement on the Price of Policy-Related Drugs: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis

Ni Wang, Ying Yang, Luxinyi Xu, Zongfu Mao, Dan Cui

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Accounting And Taxation Keywords: National Centralized Drug Procurement; "4+7" policy; drug price; interrupted time series; volume-based procurement.

Online: 6 April 2021 (08:18:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0062.v1

An Adaptive Self-powered Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Circuit and Its Application on Bridge Condition Monitoring

Teng Li, Yunxin Zhang, Xinlai Geng

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: piezoelectric cantilever energy harvester 1; autonomous 2; adaptive 3; self-powered 4; voltage doubler interface circuit 5; closed loop control 6; feed-forward 7; multi-shot technology 8

Online: 12 January 2017 (10:45:23 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0627.v1

A Discussion on the Evolution of the Pathfinding Algorithms

Tong Pan, Shuk Ching Pun-Cheng

Subject: Engineering, Transportation Science And Technology Keywords: pathfinding; algorithms; multi-criteria; multi-modal; multi-network; transportation

Online: 28 August 2020 (09:09:37 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0233.v1

Nanocrystals of Poorly Soluble Drugs: Drug Bioavailability and Physicochemical Stability

Maria Rosa Gigliobianco, Cristina Casadidio, Roberta Censi, Piera Di Martino

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Physical Chemistry Keywords: nanocrystals; poorly soluble drug; nanotechnology; stability

Online: 13 July 2018 (11:16:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0038.v1

Experimental Identification and Vibration Control of A Non-Collocated Piezoelectric Flexible Manipulator Using Optimal Multi-Poles Placement Control

Junqiang Lou, Jiangjiang Liao, Yiling Yang, Yanding Wei, Guoping Li

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: experimental identification; multi-poles placement control; smart flexible manipulator; active vibration control; non-collocation

Online: 9 January 2017 (04:56:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0036.v1

High Resolution Satellite Image Classification Using Multi-Task Joint Sparse and Low-Rank Representation

Kunlun Qi, Wenxuan Liu, Chao Yang, Qingfeng Guan, Huayi Wu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: multi-task learning; feature fusion; sparse representation; low-rank representation; scene classification

Online: 7 November 2016 (05:25:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0005.v1

Active Power Dispatch Optimization for a Grid-Connected Microgrid with Uncertain Multi-Type Loads

Kai Lv, Hao Tang, Yijin Li, Xin Li

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: multi-type loads; active power dispatch optimization; simulated-annealing Q-learning

Online: 2 September 2016 (11:23:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0017.v1

Long-range WindScanner System

Nikola Vasiljevic, Guillaume Lea, Michael Courtney, Jean-Pierre Cariou, Jakob Mann, Torben Mikkelsen

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: coherent Doppler lidar; multi-Doppler lidar; WindScanner; wind energy

Online: 7 October 2016 (12:19:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0133.v3

Comparison of Stochastic and Machine Learning Methods for Multi-Step Ahead Forecasting of Hydrological Processes

Georgia Papacharalampous, Hristos Tyralis, Demetris Koutsoyiannis

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: multi-step ahead forecasting; neural networks; random forests; stochastic vs machine learning models; support vector machines; time series

Online: 17 January 2019 (15:51:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0105.v1

A Robust Symmetric Nonnegative Matrix Factorization Framework for Clustering Multiple Heterogeneous Microbiome Data

Yuanyuan Ma, Xiaohua Hu, Tingting He, Xingpeng Jiang

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematics Keywords: symmetric nonnegative matrix factorization; similarity network fusion; human microbiome; multi-view clustering

Online: 18 April 2017 (03:31:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0003.v1

Bio-Inspired Manufacturing Multi-Agent System for Control and Coordination of AGV Systems

Branislav Micieta, Lukas Durica, Vladimira Binasova

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: industrial automation; autonomous design; multi-agent systems; industry 4.0; biologically inspired techniques; AGV systems; energy efficiency

Online: 1 September 2016 (10:48:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0292.v1

Mathematical Models as Tools to Predict the Release Kinetic of Fluorescein from Monoglyceride Colloidal Liquid Crystals

Donatella Paolino, Andra Tudose, Christian Celia, Luisa Di Marzio, Felisa Cilurzo, Constantin Mircioiu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: monoglyceride colloidal liquid crystals; release profile; mathematical models; drug delivery systems; release kinetic; square root laws

Online: 17 September 2018 (09:33:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0090.v1

MFNR: Multi-Frame Method for Complete Noise Removal of all PDF Types in Multi-Dimensional Data Using KDE

Awais Nazir, Muhammad Shahzad Younis, Muhammad Khurram Shahzad

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Science Keywords: Noise Removal; Image Enhancement; MFNR; multi-dimensional data

Online: 7 June 2020 (14:51:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0064.v1

Sonar for Environmental Monitoring: Construction of a Multifunctional Active Acoustic Platform Applied for Marine Renewables

Francisco Francisco, Jan Sundberg

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Active acoustics; Multi Beam Sonar; Dual-beam Sonar; Environmental monitoring; Offshore renewable energy

Online: 11 November 2016 (15:24:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0174.v1

Hierarchical Image Retrieval by Multi-Feature Fusion

Xiaojun Lu, Jiaojuan Wang, Yingqi Hou, Mei Yang, Qi Wang, Xiangde Zhang

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: Hierarchical search; Image retrieval; Multi-feature fusion

Online: 26 April 2017 (18:51:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0315.v1

Niosomes: A Novel Targeted Drug Delivery System

Iman Akbarzadeh, Kamand Sedaghatnia, Mahsa Bourbour, Zahra Moghaddam, Maryam Moghtaderi, Ehsa Samimi-Sohrforozani, Sameer Quazi, Bahareh Far

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Nanotechnology; Niosomes; Targeted Drug Delivery

Online: 20 December 2021 (14:18:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0265.v1

Current Advances in Therapeutic Peptides: Past and Future Trends

Ramachandran Chelliah, Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri, Fazle Elahi, Su-Jung Yeon, Akanksha Tyagi, Deog-Hwan Oh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Peptides; Clinical Practice; Drug Therapy; Therapeutic

Online: 10 February 2021 (15:51:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0059.v1

A Multi-Slope Sliding-Mode Control Approach for Single-Phase Inverters under Different Loads

Ghazanfar Shahgholian, Babk Khajeh Shalaly

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: multi-slope sliding-mode control (MSSMC); single-phase inverter; multi-slope function (MS)

Online: 19 July 2016 (04:54:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0061.v1

Generalized Triangular Intuitionistic Fuzzy Geometric Averaging Operator for Decision Making in Engineering

Daniel O. Aikhuele, Sarah Odofin

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Applied Mathematics Keywords: generalized triangular intuitionistic fuzzy geometric aggregation operator; triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number; intuitionistic fuzzy set; multi-criteria decision-making; attitudinal character; flexibility

Online: 14 June 2017 (05:55:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0110.v1

Multi-Step Preconditioned Newton Methods for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations

Fayyaz Ahmad, Malik Zaka Ullah, Ali Saleh Alshomrani, Shamshad Ahmad, Aisha M. Alqahtani, L. Alzaben

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Applied Mathematics Keywords: systems of nonlinear equations; nonlinear preconditioners; multi-step iterative methods; Frozen Jacobian

Online: 25 January 2017 (04:13:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0193.v1

A Multi-Agent System Based Approach to Fight Financial Fraud: An Application to Money Laundering

Claudio Alexandre, João Balsa

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Science Keywords: multi-agent system; decision support; anti-money laundering; anti-fraud

Online: 22 January 2018 (04:46:20 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0426.v1

Hyaluronic Acid in the 3^rd Millennium

Arianna Fallacara, Erika Baldini, Stefano Manfredini, Silvia Vertuani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: biological activity; crosslinking; drug delivery; cosmetic; food-supplement; functionalization; hyaluronan applications; hyaluronan derivatives; hyaluronan synthases; hyaluronic acid; hyaluronidases; physico-chemical properties

Online: 29 May 2018 (12:13:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0393.v1

Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Suggest Valproic Acid Co-A could Bind to SARS-CoV2 RNA Depended RNA Polymerase

Neel Sarovar Bhavesh, Anupam Patra

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: SARS-CoV2; RNA depended RNA polymerase; Valproic acid Co-A; drug repurposing

Online: 26 March 2020 (15:04:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0229.v1

Isocratic Reverse-Phase HPLC Method for Determination of Aspirin, Paracetamol, and Naproxen

Md. Mynul Hassan, Sung-Wook Nam

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: HPLC; NSAIDs; Isocratic; Short column; Drug mixture

Online: 9 July 2021 (15:23:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0075.v3

A Robust Liquid Chromatographic Method for Confirmation of Drug Stability of Azithromycin in Bulk Samples, Tablets and Suspensions

Alex O. Okaru, Kennedy O. Abuga, Franco N. Kamau, Stanley N. Ndwigah, Dirk W. Lachenmeier

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: azithromycin; HPLC; robust; isocratic; drug stability; degradation products

Online: 4 January 2017 (10:08:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0140.v1

Some Applications of Clifford Algebra in Geometry

Ying-Qiu Gu

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Geometry And Topology Keywords: Clifford algebra; geometric algebra; gamma matrix; multi-inner product; connection operator; Keller connection; Spin group; cross ratio

Online: 11 February 2020 (09:31:38 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0033.v1

Commercial Thermal Technologies for Desalination of Water from Renewable Energies: A State of the Art Review

Jhon Feria-Díaz, María Cristina López-Méndez, Luis Sandoval-Herazo, Felipe Correa-Mahecha, Juan Rodríguez-Miranda

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Desalination; Multi Effect Distillation; Multi Stage Flash; Vapor Compression Distillation; Renewable Energies.

Online: 4 January 2021 (12:33:03 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0108.v1

COVID-19: Comprehensive Synopsis of Suggested Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Repurposed Drugs

Mathijs Binkhorst, Annette K. Offringa, Johannes G. van der Hoeven

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; hypothesis; pathophysiology; drug repurposing

Online: 7 July 2020 (02:50:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0503.v1

Central Nervous System Depressant Drugs: Updated Review

Abdullah Alkattan, Eman Alsalameen, Amr Ahmed

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: CNS; Drug receptors; GABA; Cannabinoid; Opioid; Serotonin; Dopamine

Online: 25 January 2021 (14:15:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0057.v1

A Multi-Focus Image Fusion Algorithm Based on Contrast Pyramids

Mingzhu Lai, Jianguo Sun, Liguo Zhang, Yiran Shen, Qing Yang, Zilong Jin

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: multi-focus image, image fusion, region mosaic, contrast pyramid

Online: 10 November 2016 (07:34:22 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0234.v1

Epidemiological Challenges in Pandemic Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Role of Artificial Intelligence

Abhijit Dasgupta, Abhisek Bakshi, Srijani Mukherjee, Kuntal Das, Soumyajeet Talukdar, Pratyayee Chatterjee, Sagnik Mondal, Puspita Das, Subhrojit Ghosh, Archisman Som, Pritha Roy, Rima Kundu, Akash Sarkar, Arnab Biswas, Karnelia Paul, Sujit Basak, Krishnendu Manna, Chinmay Saha, Satinath Mukhopadhyay, Nitai P. Bhattacharyya, Rajat K. De

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: SIRD; Twitter; GHSI; Pre-symptomatic; EHR; Contact tracing; On-line survey; qRT-PCR; X-ray; CT/HRCT; CNN; Autoencoder; Drug affinity; CPI; and Inflation.

Online: 14 May 2020 (11:25:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0076.v1

Smart Card-Based Secure Authentication Protocol in Multi-Server IoT Environment

Won-il Bae, Jin Kwak

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Networks And Communications Keywords: user authentication; multi server; internet of things; formal verification; security

Online: 9 May 2017 (04:38:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0097.v1

Grid Synchronization of Seven-Phase Wind Electric Generator Using d-q PLL

Kalaivani Chandramohan, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Rajambal Kalyanasundaram, Mahajan Sagar Bhaskar, Lucian Mihet-Popa

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: multi-phase; synchronous frame; induction generator; PWM inverter; seven phase rectifier; PLL; grid

Online: 11 May 2017 (08:01:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0207.v1

Are spatial planning objectives reflected in the evolution of urban landscape patterns? A framework for the evaluation of spatial planning outcomes

Simona Raluca Gradinaru, Cristian Ioan Ioja, Ileana Pătru Stupariu, Anna M. Hersperger

Subject: Social Sciences, Geography, Planning And Development Keywords: planning evaluation, spatial planning objectives, urban landscape, spatial multi-criteria analysis, romania, switzerland

Online: 30 May 2017 (06:24:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0016.v1

Optimization of Guide Vane Closing Schemes of Pumped Storage Hydro Unit Using an Enhanced Multi-Objective Gravitational Search Algorithm

Jianzhong Zhou, Yanhe Xu, Yang Zheng, Yuncheng Zhang

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Science Keywords: pumped storage hydro unit; guide vane closing schemes; multi-objective optimization; enhanced multi-objective bacterial-foraging chemotaxis gravitational search algorithm (EMOBCGSA); hydraulic and mechanical constraints

Online: 2 June 2017 (07:56:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0117.v3

Compounded Nonsterile Preparations and FDA-Approved Commercially Available Liquid Products for Children: A North American Update

Richard Parrish, Lisa D. Ashworth, Raimar Löbenberg, Sandra Benavides, Jeffrey J. Cies, Robert B. MacArthur

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: active pharmaceutical ingredient; compounded drug; compounding; extemporaneous formulation; manufactured material; medication; monograph; pediatric; reference standards

Online: 5 April 2022 (10:17:10 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Overview of HVDC Technology

Neville Watson

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: High Voltage Direct Current transmission (HVDC); Multi-terminal HVDC; Voltage Source Converter (CSC); Voltage Source Converter (VSC)

Online: 19 July 2020 (20:28:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0025.v1

A Protocol for Identifying Potentially Repurposable Drugs Using Online Tools and Databases

Aditi Chattopadhyay, Madhavi Ganapathiraju

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: drug repurposing; translational bioinformatics; transcriptomics; transcriptome analysis; drug discovery; protocol; gene expression

Online: 9 October 2016 (08:42:23 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0596.v1

Treatment of Covid-19 with Minocycline and a Guanosine-Restricted Diet: Case Report

Steven Baranowitz, Marie Nrekaj

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, drug repurposing

Online: 23 December 2020 (15:58:38 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0652.v1

Enzymatic Crosslinked Hydrogels for Biomedical Application

Elham Badali, Maryam Mohajer, Sajad Hassanzadeh, Sepideh Saghati, Mehdi Khanmohammadi

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: Enzymatic reaction; crosslinking; Hydrogel; Biomedical application; Tissue engineering; Wound healing; Drug delivery

Online: 26 April 2021 (10:52:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0023.v1

Effects of Biomimetic Shear Stress by Self-Assembled Gelatin Oleic Nanoparticles Containing Paclitaxel on the Behavior of Cancer Cell Lines in a Microfluidic System

Taehee Kang, Thuy Thi Thanh Tran, Kyung Taek Oh, Han-Gon Choi, Beom-Jin Lee

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: gelatin-oleic conjugate; self-assembled biodegradable nanoparticles; biomimetic shear stress; cell dynamic environment; cellular drug delivery; paclitaxel

Online: 4 April 2017 (10:59:02 CEST)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0063.v1

Multi-Scale Deep Neural Network for Mitosis Detection in Breast Cancer Histological Images

Boqian Wu, Binwen Fan, Qiao Xiao, Tasleem Kausar, Wenfeng Wang

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Vision And Graphics Keywords: breast cancer; mitosis detection; CNN; Stain-normalization; CRF; multi-scale feature

Online: 9 November 2017 (10:05:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0567.v1

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Medicinal Chemistry and Validation of Emerging Drug Targets

Sameer Quazi, Rohit Jangi

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Artificial intelligence AI; machine learning; algorithms; QSAR; drug discovery

Online: 24 May 2021 (13:02:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0060.v1

New Protection Scheme for Internal Fault of Multi-Microgrid

Fan Zhang, Longhua Mu, Wenming Guo

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: microgrid; multi-microgrid; measured admittance; protection scheme

Online: 16 February 2017 (09:17:26 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0241.v1

Lignin-Derived Biomaterials for Drug Release and Tissue Engineering

Abla Alzagameem, Michel Bergs, Markus Witzler, Basma El Khaldi-Hansen, Stephanie E. Klein, Dorothee Hielscher, Birgit Kamm, Judith Kreyenschmidt, Edda Tobiasch, Margit Schulze

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: biomaterial; bone regeneration; drug release; hydrogel; lignin; multivariate data processing; osteogenesis; scaffolds; stem cells; tissue engineering

Online: 13 July 2018 (15:07:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0160.v1

The Relationship of PM Variation to Visibility and Mixing Layer Height under Haze/Fog Condition in Multi-Cities of Northeast China

Hujia Zhao, Huizheng Che, Yanjun Ma, Yangfeng Wang, Hongbin Yang, Yuche Liu, Yaqiang Wang, Hong Wang, Xiaoye Zhang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: visibility; PM; MLH; multi-cities; northeast China

Online: 20 March 2017 (11:57:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0083.v1

UPEI-400, a Conjugate of Lipoic Acid and Scopoletin, Mediates Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion

Barry J. Connell, Monique C. Saleh, Desikan Rajagopal, Tarek M. Saleh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: stroke; antioxidant; co-drug; animal model

Online: 20 October 2016 (08:46:38 CEST)

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Background: Previously, our laboratory has provided evidence that pre-administration of the antioxidant, lipoic acid covalently bonded to various naturally occurring antioxidants, enhanced neuroprotective capacity compared to the administration of lipoic acid on its own. The naturally occurring compound scopoletin, a coumarin derivative, has been shown in various in vitro studies to have both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanism of actions. To date, the effect of scopoletin on neuronal cell death in an in vivo model of ischemia or ischemia-reperfusion has not been investigated. Therefore, the present investigation was designed to determine if scopoletin on its own, or a co-drug consisting of lipoic acid and scopoletin covalent bond, named UPEI-400, would be capable of demonstrating a similar neuroprotective efficacy. Methods: Using a rodent model of stroke in male rats (anesthetized with Inactin®; 100 mg/kg, iv), the middle cerebral artery was permanently occluded for 6 hours (pMCAO), or in separate animals, occluded for 30 min followed by 5.5 hrs of reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion; I/R). Results: Pre-administration of either scopoletin or UPEI-400 significantly decreased infarct volume in the I/R model (p<0.05), but not in the pMCAO model of stroke. However, UPEI-400 was ~1000 times more potent as compared to scopoletin on its own. The optimal dose of UPEI-400 was then injected during the occlusion and at several time points during reperfusion and significant neuroprotection was observed for up to 150 mins following the start of reperfusion (p<0.05). Conclusion: The data suggest that synthetic combination of scopoletin with lipoic acid (UPEI-400) is a more effective neuroprotectant that either compound on their own. Also, since UPEI-400 was only effective in a model of I/R, it is possible that it may act to enhance neuronal antioxidant capacity and/or upregulate anti-inflammatory pathways to prevent the neuronal cell death.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0152.v1

Face Verification with Multi-Task and Multi-Scale Features Fusion

Xiaojun Lu, Yue Yang, Weilin Zhang, Qi Wang, Yang Wang

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: deep convolutional neural networks; identification; semi-verification; multi-scale features; face verification

Online: 20 March 2017 (09:06:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0174.v1

Inhibitory Effects of Diclofenac on Steroid Glucuronidation in Vivo Do not Affect Hair-Based Doping Tests for Stanozolol

Gergely Zachár, Nawed I. K. Deshmukh, Andrea Petróczi, Andrea D. Székely, Iltaf Shah, James Barker, Declan P. Naughton

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: steroid; metabolism; anti-inflammatory drug; inhibition

Online: 24 May 2017 (08:25:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0059.v1

Fusing Observational, Satellite Remote Sensing and Air Quality Model Simulated Data to Estimate Spatiotemporal Variations of PM2.5 Exposure in China

Tao Xue, Yixuan Zheng, Guannan Geng, Bo Zheng, Xujia Jiang, Qiang Zhang, Kebin He

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: fine particulate matter (PM2.5); aerosol optical depth; community multi-scale air quality (CMAQ) model; data fusion; exposure assessment

Online: 16 February 2017 (08:58:09 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0444.v1

Vitamin C to Improve Organ Dysfunction in Cardiac Surgery Patients—Review and Pragmatic Approach

Aileen Hill, Sebastian Borosch, Carina Benstöm, Christina Neubauer, Patrick Meybohm, Pascal Langlois, Neill KJ Adhikari, Daren K Heyland, Christian Stoppe

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: vitamin C; ascorbic acid; cardiac surgery; antioxidant therapy; nutrient; oxidative stress; organ dysfunction; multi organ failure

Online: 27 June 2018 (12:29:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0052.v1

Feature Extraction of Ship Radiated Noise Based on Permutation Entropy of the Intrinsic Mode Function with the Highest Energy

Yu-Xing Li, Ya-An Li, Zhe Chen, Xiao Chen

Subject: Physical Sciences, Acoustics Keywords: empirical mode decomposition; intrinsic mode function; permutation entropy; multi-scale permutation entropy; feature extraction

Online: 9 November 2016 (10:24:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0157.v1

A CNN-Based Fusion Method for Feature Extraction from Sentinel Data

Giuseppe Scarpa, Massimiliano Gargiulo, Antonio Mazza, Raffaele Gaetano

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Coregistration; pansharpening; multi-sensor fusion; multitemporal images; deep learning; normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)

Online: 21 December 2017 (17:10:23 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0129.v1

Phenotypic Plasticity and Cell Fate Decisions in Cancer: Insights from Dynamical Systems Theory

Dongya Jia, Mohit Kumar Jolly, Prakash Kulkarni, Herbert Levine

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: cell fate decision; cancer attractors; gene network dynamics; EMT; drug resistance; intrinsically disordered proteins

Online: 17 May 2017 (06:25:17 CEST)

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Waddington’s epigenetic landscape, a famous metaphor in developmental biology, depicts how a stem cell progresses from an undifferentiated phenotype to a differentiated one. The concept of “landscape” in the context of dynamical system theory represents a high-dimensional cell state space, in which each cell phenotype is considered as an “attractor” that is determined by interactions among multiple variables (molecular players), and is buffered against environmental fluctuations. Further, biological noise is thought to play an important role during these cell-fate decisions and in fact controls transitions between different phenotypes. Here, we discuss these phenotypic transitions in cancer from a dynamical systems perspective and invoke the concept of “cancer attractors” – hidden stable states of the underlying regulatory network that are not occupied by normal cells. Using epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem-like properties, metabolic reprogramming and the emergence of drug/hormone resistance as examples, we illustrate how phenotypic plasticity in cancer cells enables them to acquire hybrid phenotypes (such as hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal and hybrid metabolic phenotypes) that tend to be more aggressive and notoriously resilient to drug/hormone treatment. Furthermore, we highlight multiple factors that may give rise to phenotypic plasticity in cancer cells, such as (a) multi-stability or oscillatory behaviors governed by underlying regulatory networks involved in cell-fate decisions in cancer cells, and (b) network rewiring due to conformational dynamics of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that are highly enriched in cancer cells. We conclude by discussing why a therapeutic approach that promotes ‘recanalization’, i.e. the exit from “cancer attractors” and re-entry into “normal attractors”, is more likely to succeed rather than a conventional approach that targets individual molecules/pathways.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0346.v1

Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Bioinformatics: Drug Discovery and Drug Repurposing

Sameer Quazi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: drug discovery; drug repurposing; bioinformatics; machine learning; artificial intelligence; biomedical discoveries etc.

Online: 14 May 2021 (15:17:50 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0036.v1

Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery System for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Kazufumi Nakamura, Hiromi Matsubara, Satoshi Akagi, Toshihiro Sarashina, Kentaro Ejiri, Norifumi Kawakita, Masashi Yoshida, Toru Miyoshi, Atsuyuki Watanabe, Nobuhiro NIshii, Hiroshi Ito

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: pulmonary arterial hypertension; prostacyclin; nanoparticle; drug delivery system

Online: 13 February 2017 (09:27:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0163.v1

A Hybrid MCDM Technique for Risk Management in Construction Projects

Kajal Chatterjee, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Jolanta Tamošaitienė, Krishnendu Adhikary, Samarjit Kar

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: D number, Analytical Network Process (ANP), MABAC, Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), Consistent fuzzy preference relation (CFPR), Construction project risk, Risk Management

Online: 24 November 2017 (16:46:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0139.v2

Multi-Objective Optimization of a Spring Diaphragm Clutch on an Automobile Based on the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II)

Junchao Zhou, Chun Wang, Junjun Zhu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: clutch; diaphragm spring; multi-objective; optimization; NSGA-II

Online: 29 November 2016 (05:02:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0490.v1

The Cancer Stem Cell Marker CD44 Play Key Roles in Immune Suppression/Evasion, Drug Resistance, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and Metastasis in Several Human Cancers

Kevin Dzobo, Musalula Sinkala

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: CD44; Cancer Stem Cells; Tumorigenesis; Drug Resistance; Immune Markers; Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition; Therapeutic Targeting

Online: 25 January 2021 (12:23:49 CET)

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One of the most used markers of cancer stem cells in several cancers, including colorectal cancer and breast cancer, is CD44. CD44 is a glycoprotein that traverses the cell membrane and binds to many ligands including hyaluronan resulting in activation of signaling cascades. Several reports have shown conflicting data on the expression of CD44 and that the expression depends on modes of investigations and subtypes of cancers. In addition, the correlation between CD44 expression and drug resistance, immune infiltration, EMT, metastasis and patients prognosis in several cancer types remains unclear. This study investigated CD44 expression in several cancers and explored its relationship with tumorigenesis using various publicly available databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, GEPIA, Oncomine, Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource. Our analysis reveals that CD44 is differentially expressed in different cancers. CD44 expression is significantly associated with cancer patients’ survival in gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers. In addition, CD44 expression is closely linked with immune infiltration and immune suppressive features in pancreatic, colon adenocarcinoma and stomach cancer. High CD44 expression was significantly correlated with the expression of drug resistance-, EMT- and metastasis- linked genes. Tumors expressing high CD44 have higher mutation burden and afflict older patients than tumors expressing low CD44. Cell lines expressing high CD44 are more resistant to anti-cancer drugs compared to those expressing low CD44. Protein-protein interaction investigations and functional enrichment analysis showed that CD44 interacts with gene products related to cell-substrate adhesion, migration, platelet activation, and cellular response to stress. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these genes play key roles in biological adhesion, cell component organization, locomotion, G-α-signaling and the response to stimulus. Overall, this investigation reveals that CD44 play significant roles in tumorigenesis, can be used as a prognostic biomarker in several cancers and can be therapeutically targeted in cancer therapy.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0310.v1

Efficacy and Safety of Timolol-Dorzolamide Fixed-Combination Three Times a Day Versus Two Times a Day in Newly Diagnosed Open Angle Glaucoma

Mohammad Pakravan, Afsaneh Naderi Beni, Shahin Yazdani, Hamed Esfandiari

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: primary open angle glaucoma; dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination; drug efficacy; safety

Online: 24 April 2018 (08:36:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0112.v1

Porosity and Its Significance in Plasma Sprayed Coating: A Review

Gerald J Odhiambo, WenGe Li, YuanTao Zhao, ChengLong Li

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: porosity; atmospheric plasma spraying; chromium oxide; porosity measurement; multi-layer coatings; nano-coatings

Online: 13 June 2019 (07:49:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0014.v1

An Integrated Approach for the Environmental Characterization of a Wide Area Potentially Contaminated (Southern Italy)

Daniela Ducci, Stefano Albanese, Lorenzo Boccia, Egidio Celentano, Elena Cervelli, Alfonso Corniello, Anna Crispo, Benedetto De Vivo, Paolo Iodice, Carmela Langella, Annamaria Lima, Maurizio Manno, Mario Palladino, Stefania Pindozzi, Marina Rigillo, Nunzio Romano, Mariangela Sellerino, Adolfo Senatore, Giuseppe Speranza, Nunzio Fiorentino, Massimo Fagnano

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: air pollution; soil hydraulic parameters; geochemical characterization of soils; aquifer vulnerability to contamination; health assessment; multi-criteria environmental analysis

Online: 2 June 2017 (06:25:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0002.v2

Small UAS-Based Wind Feature Identification System Part 1: Integration and Validation

Leopoldo Rodriguez Salazar, Jose A. Cobano, Anibal Ollero

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: wind prediction; wind estimation; UAS; wind shear; gust; multi-platform integration

Online: 18 January 2017 (09:44:54 CET)

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This paper presents a system for identification of wind features, such as gusts and wind shear. These are of particular interest in the context of energy-efficient navigation of Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). The proposed system generates real-time wind vector estimates and a novel algorithm to generate wind field predictions. Estimations are based on the integration of an off-the-shelf navigation system and airspeed readings in a so-called direct approach. Wind predictions use atmospheric models to characterize the wind field with different statistical analyses. During the prediction stage, the system is able to incorporate, in a big-data approach, wind measurements from previous flights in order to enhance the approximations. Wind estimates are classified and fitted into a Weibull probability density function. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is utilized to determine the shaping and scale parameters of the distribution, which are employed to determine the most probable wind speed at a certain position. The system uses this information to characterize a wind shear or a discrete gust and also utilizes a Gaussian Process regression to characterize continuous gusts. The knowledge of the wind features is crucial for computing energy-efficient trajectories with low cost and payload. Therefore, the system provides a solution that does not require any additional sensors. The system architecture presents a modular decentralized approach, in which the main parts of the system are separated in modules and the exchange of information is managed by a communication handler to enhance upgradeability and maintainability. Validation is done providing preliminary results of both simulations and Software-In-The-Loop testing. Telemetry data collected from real flights, performed in the Seville Metropolitan Area in Andalusia (Spain), was used for testing. Results show that wind estimation and predictions can be calculated at 1 Hz and a wind map can be updated at 0.4 Hz. Predictions show a convergence time with a 95% confidence interval of approximately 30 s.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0077.v1

Shape and Geometric Features-based Semantic Image Retrieval Using Multi-class Support Vector Machine

Zohair Malki

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Science Keywords: Zernike moment, Multi-class support vector machine, Query Engine, SPARQL

Online: 20 February 2017 (18:07:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0490.v1

Investigation of Disintegration and Dissolution Behavior of Mefenamic Acid Drug Formulation Using Numeric Solution of Noyes-Whitney Equation with Cellular Automata Model on Microtomographic Surfaces and Rational Arrangements of Tablet Components

Reiji Yokoyama, Go Kimura, Christian Schlepütz, Jörg Huwyler, Maxim Puchkov

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Vision And Graphics Keywords: drug release simulation; disintegration simulation; poorly water soluble drug; mefenamic acid; Noyes-Whitney equation; cellular automata; synchrotron microtomography

Online: 22 October 2018 (11:38:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0015.v2

Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) in Proportional-Stop-Loss Reinsurance

Jiexuan Wang, Kim Leng Poh

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: multi-attribute decision making; reinsurance; proportional reinsurance; non-proportional reinsurance; TOPSIS

Online: 10 July 2017 (15:42:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0738.v1

An Intelligent Parking Management System using RFID Technology based on User Preferences

Amir Shimi, Mohammad Reza Ebrahimi Dishabi, Mohammad Abdollahi Azgomi

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: parking management system; smart parking; multi-objective method; decision-making method

Online: 30 November 2020 (16:04:41 CET)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0065.v1

Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation—A Sustainable Development Systems Perspective

Tom R. Burns, Nora Machado

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: Systems Theory; multi-factor model; sustainable development; DRR; CCA

Online: 17 February 2017 (07:22:56 CET)

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This article considers the concepts of sustainability and sustainable development in relation to disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. We conceptualize sustainability from a social systemic perspective, that is, from a perspective that encompasses the multiple functionalities of a social system and their interrelationships in particular environmental contexts. The systems perspective is applied in our consideration and analysis of disaster risk reduction (DRR), climate change adaptation (CCA), and sustainable development (SD). Section 1 introduces briefly sustainability and sustainable development, followed by a brief presentation of the theory of complex social systems (Section 2). The theory conceptualizes interdependent subsystems, their multiple functionalities, and the agential and systemic responses to internal and external stressors on a social system. Section 3 considers disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA), emerging in response to one or more systemic stressors. It illustrates these with disaster risk reduction in the cases of food and chemical security regulation in the EU. CCA is illustrated by initiatives and developments on the island of Gotland, Sweden and in the Gothenburg Metropolitan area, which go beyond a limited CCA perspective, taking into account long-term sustainability issues. Section 4 discusses the limitations of DRR and CCA, not only their technical limitations but economic, socio-cultural, and political limitations, as informed from a sustainability perspective. It is argued that DRRs are only partial subsystems and must be considered and assessed in the context of a more encompassing systemic perspective. Part of the discussion is focused on the distinction between sustainable and non-sustainable DRRs and CCAs. Section 5 presents a few concluding remarks about the importance of a systemic perspective in analyzing DRR and CCA as well as other similar subsystems in terms of sustainable development.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0199.v1

Revealing SARS-CoV-2 Functional Druggability Through Multi-Target Cadd Screening of Repurposable Drugs

Yash Gupta, Dawid Maciorowski, Raman Mathur, Catherine M. Pearce, David J. Ilc, Hamza Husein, Ajay Bharti, Daniel Becker, Rathi Brijesh, Steven B Bradfute, Ravi Durvasula, Prakasha Kempaiah

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; CADD; virtual screening; approved drugs; drug repurposing; essential targets; molecular docking; molecular dynamics simulations

Online: 11 May 2020 (13:14:18 CEST)

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The emergence of SARS/MERS drug resistant COVID-19 with high transmission and mortality has recently been declared a deadly pandemic causing economic chaos and significant health problems. Like all coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 is a large virus that has many druggable components within its proteome. In this study, we focused on repurposing approved and investigational drugs by identifying potential drugs that are predicted to effectively inhibit critical enzymes within SARS-CoV-2. We shortlisted seven target proteins with enzymatic activities known to be essential at different stages of the virus life cycle. For virtual screening, the energy minimization of a crystal structure or modeled protein was carried out using Protein Preparation Wizard (Schrödinger LLC, 2020-1). Following active site selection based on data mining and COACH predictions, we performed a high-throughput virtual screen of drugs (n=5903) that are already approved by worldwide regulatory bodies including the FDA, using the ZINC database. Screening was performed against viral targets using three sequential docking modes (i.e. HTVS, SP and XP). Our in-silico virtual screening identified ~290 potential drugs based on the criteria of energy, docking parameters, ligand and binding site strain and score. Drugs specific to each target protein were further analyzed for binding free energy perturbation by molecular mechanics (prime MM-GBSA) and pruning the hits to the top 32 candidates. A top lead from each target group was further subjected to molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) using the Desmond module to validate the efficacy of the screening pipeline. All of the simulated hit-target complexes were predicted to strongly interact and with highly stable binding. Thus, we have identified a number of approved and investigational drugs with high likelihood of inhibiting a variety of key SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Follow-up studies will continue to identify inhibitors suitable for combination therapy based on drug-drug synergy to thwart resistance. In addition, the screening hits that we have identified provide excellent probes for understanding the binding properties of the active sites of all seven targets, further enabling us to derive consensus molecules through computer-aided drug design (CADD). While infections are expanding at a rampant pace, it must be recognized that resistance will grow commensurately through either genetic shift and/or genetic drift to all small molecule drugs identified. Vaccines should provide a more permanent solution through prevention, but resistivity is still a possible scenario. Nevertheless, a persistent multi-target drug development program is essential to curb this ongoing pandemic and to keep reemergence in check.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0102.v1

Live Florescent Staining Platform Drug-Screening and Mechanism-Analysis in Zebrafish for Bone Mineralization

Jung-Ren Chen, Yu-Heng Lai, Jhih-Jie Tsai, Chung-Der Hsiao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: drug screening； bone mineralization； osteoclast； zebrafish

Online: 21 September 2017 (06:34:11 CEST)

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Currently, drug screening is primarily based on human cell culture for initial high-throughput screening, and subsequently, rodent model to confirm the biological effects. However, the mammalian system is known for time-consuming and highly-cost to be difficult to perform high-throughput drug screening, which exists a critical gap between in vitro cell-based models and the in vivo mammalian models. Therefore, the zebrafish could bridge this gap in preclinical toxicity screening along the drug development pipeline because of its efficiency. We aimed to develop an in vivo zebrafish platform for rapid drug screening. Zebrafish, due to its high genomic conservation with mammals and rapid development and differentiation, it has many advantages, such as short life span, large number of offspring and low cost, easy manipulation for generating transgenic species, to serve as animal model for disease-based research. In 96-well microplates, zebrafish embryos were incubated with small molecular compounds that affected bone mineralization. The level of osteogenic mineralization was evaluated by fluorescent dye staining and quantified by image analysis software. Quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the biological pathways involved in bone metabolism at the molecular level. The system was validated by demonstrating that response to alendronate and Dorsomorphin in zebrafish. In our study, we screened for 24 compounds within the CYCU-1120~1152 chemical library and identified 3 compounds, pentamidine (CYCU-1140), BML-267 (CYCU-1147), and alendronate (CYCU-1152), increased embryonic mineralization; while 6 compounds, RWJ-60475 (CYCU-1126), levamisole HCL (CYCU-1128), tetramisole HCL (CYCU-1129), fenvalerate (CYCU-1132), NSC-663284 (CYCU-1138), and BML-267ester (CYCU-1148), were inhibitory to bone mineralization. We also found that alendronate enhanced the level of bone mineralization by inhibiting osteoclast-related genes. To sum up, our research showed that zebrafish may have potential to be a drug-screening and mechanism-analysis platform for bone mineralization.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0132.v1

In Silico Screening and Analysis of Potential Inhibitors of Arylamine N-Acetyltransferases (NATs) from the Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Study Using Free Available Tools

Francisco Azevedo, Joveline Richardt, Mayrla Oliveira, Inês Araujo, Ricardo Oliveira, Luis Baptista, Hermes Amorim

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: arylamine N-acetyltransferases; cancer; tuberculosis; drug discovery; traditional Chinese medicine; virtual screening; molecular dynamics simulation; MM-PBSA

Online: 30 June 2017 (11:36:22 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0345.v2

Widely Available Lysosome Targeting Agents Should Be Considered as a Potential Therapy for COVID-19

Jan Homolak, Ivan Kodvanj

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: COVID-19; lysosomotropic agents; endosome; antiviral; drug repurposing

Online: 24 March 2020 (06:26:54 CET)

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While the COVID-19 pandemic advances, the scientific community struggles in the search for treatments. Several improvements have been made, including the discovery of clinical efficacy of chloroquine (CQ) in COVID-19 patients, but the effective treatment protocols are still missing. In order to find novel treatment options many scientists utilize the in silico approach to identify compounds that could interfere with the key molecules involved in entrance, replication, or dissemination of the SARS-CoV-2. However, most of the identified molecules are currently not available as pharmacological agents, and assessing their safety and efficacy could take many months. Here, we took a different approach based on the proposed pharmacodynamic model of CQ in COVID-19. The main mechanism of action responsible for the favourable outcome of COVID-19 patients treated with CQ seems to be related to pH modulation-mediated effect on the endolysosomal trafficking, a characteristic of chemical compounds often called lysosomotropic agents because of the physico-chemical properties that enable them to passively diffuse through the endosomal membrane and undergo protonation-based trapping in the lumen of the acidic vesicles. In this review, we discuss lysosomotropic and lysosome targeting drugs that are already in clinical use and are characterized by good safety profiles, low cost, and wide availability. We emphasize that some of these drugs, in particular azithromycin and other macrolide antibiotics, indomethacin and some other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proton pump inhibitors, and fluoxetine could provide additional therapeutic benefits in addition to the potential antiviral effect that still has to be confirmed by well-controlled clinical trials. As some of these drugs, mostly antibiotics, were already empirically used in the treatment of COVID-19, we encourage our colleagues all over the world to publish patient data so potential efficacy of these agents can be evaluated in the clinical context and rapidly implemented in the therapeutic protocols if the beneficial effect on clinical outcome is observed.

Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0120.v2

Synthesis and Anti-Tumor Activity of Oleanolic Acid Derivatives

Kuai ZhenYu, Lei Li, Shengwen Zhan, Chunlin Li, Yuwei Zhao, Hongrong Chen, Yanqiu Meng

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: oleanolic acid derivatives; synthesis; anti-tumor activity; molecular docking; computer-aided drug design

Online: 24 April 2017 (12:08:36 CEST)

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