Search | Preprints.org

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0283.v1

Emerging Understanding of Etiology and Epidemiology of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China

Daibing Zhou, Peng Zhang, Chen Bao, Youzhi Zhang, Ning Zhu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Etiology; Epidemiology; COVID-19; Wuhan

Online: 19 February 2020 (11:58:13 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0128.v1

An Updated Review on the Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Etiology and Diagnosis of Liver Cirrhosis

Gee Young Geong, Sun Hyung Kang, Chang Min Lee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: Liver cirrhosis; epidemiology; etiology; risk factors; pathophysiology; diagnosis.

Online: 11 March 2019 (09:44:18 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0007.v1

CRISPR-Cas Systems for Diagnosing Infectious Diseases

Anastasiya Kostyusheva, Sergey Brezgin, Yurii Babin, Irina Vasil'eva, Dmitry Kostyushev, Vladimir Chulanov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: molecular diagnostics; molecular epidemiology; HIV; HBV; HCV; HPV; Zika virus; Dengue virus; tuberculosis; SARS; MERS; nCov-2019

Online: 3 February 2020 (03:47:27 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Infectious diseases are a global health problem affecting billions of people. Developing rapid and sensitive diagnostic tools is key for successful patient management and curbing disease spread. Currently available diagnostics are very specific and sensitive but time-consuming and require expensive laboratory settings and well-trained personnel; thus, they are not available in resource-limited areas, for the purposes of large-scale screenings and in case of outbreaks and epidemics. Developing new, rapid, and affordable point-of-care diagnostic assays is urgently needed. This review focuses on CRISPR-based technologies and their perspectives to become platforms for point-of-care nucleic acid detection methods and as deployable diagnostic platforms that could help to identify and curb outbreaks and emerging epidemics. We describe the mechanisms and function of different classes and types of CRISPR-Cas systems, including pros and cons for developing molecular diagnostic tests and applications of each type to detect a wide range of infectious agents. Many Cas proteins (Cas9, Cas12, Cas13, Cas14) have been leveraged to create highly accurate and sensitive diagnostic tools combined with technologies of signal amplification and fluorescent, potentiometric, colorimetric, or lateral flow assay detection. In particular, the most advanced platforms -- SHERLOCK/v2, DETECTR, or CRISPR-Chip -- enable detection of attomolar amounts of pathogenic nucleic acids with specificity comparable to that of PCR but with minimal technical settings. Further developing CRISPR-based diagnostic tools promises to dramatically transform molecular diagnostics, making them easily affordable and accessible virtually anywhere in the world. The burden of socially significant diseases, frequent outbreaks, recent epidemics (MERS, SARS and the ongoing coronoviral nCov-2019 infection) urgently need the developing of express-diagnostic tools. Recently devised CRISPR-technologies represent the unprecedented opportunity to reshape epidemiological surveillance and molecular diagnostics.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0044.v1

Major Concerns on the Identification of Bat Coronavirus Strain RaTG13 and Quality of Related Nature Paper

xiaoxu lin, Shizhong Chen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Epidemiology; COVID-19; coronavirus; bat; RaTG13; BtCoV/4991; SARS-CoV-2; Pangolin Coronavirus; next generation sequencing

Online: 5 June 2020 (06:17:26 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0343.v1

Emerging Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), a Pandemic Public Health Emergency with Animal Linkages: Current Status Update

Yashpal Singh Malik, Shubhankar Sircar, Sudipta Bhat, Obli Rajendran Vinodhkumar, Ruchi Tiwari, Ranjit Sah, Ali A. Rabaan, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales, Kuldeep Dhama

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: coronavirus; 2019-nCoV; SARS-CoV-2; animal coronaviruses; COVID-19; bat coronavirus; zoonoses; epidemiology; transmission; diagnosis; antivirals; prevention and control

Online: 23 March 2020 (07:19:35 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

After the appearance of first cases of ‘pneumonia of unknown origin’ in the Wuhan city, China, during late 2019, the disease progressed fast. Its cause was identified as a novel coronavirus, named provisionally 2019-nCoV. Subsequently, an official name was given as SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) study group. The World Health Organization (WHO) named the Coronavirus disease-2019 as COVID-19. The epidemics of COVID-2019 have been recorded over 113 countries/territories/areas apart from China and filched more than 4292 humans, affecting severely around 1,18,326 cases in a short span. The status of COVID-2019 emergency revised by the WHO within 42 days from Public Health International Emergency (January 30, 2020) to a pandemic (March 11, 2020). Nonetheless, the case fatality rate (CFR) of the current epidemic is on the rise (between 2-4%), relatively is lower than the previous SARS-CoV (2002/2003) and MERS-CoV (2012) outbreaks. Even though investigations are on its way, the researchers across the globe have assumptions of animal-origin of current SARS-CoV-2. A recent case report provides evidence of mild COVID-2019 infection in a pet dog that acquired COVID-2019 infection from his owner in Hong Kong. The news on travellers associated spread across the globe have also put many countries on alert with the cancellation of tourist visa to all affected countries and postponement of events where international visits were required. A few diagnostic approaches, including quantitative and differential real-time polymerase chain reaction assays, have been recommended for the screening of the individuals at risk. In the absence of any selective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, re-purposed drugs are advocated in many studies. This article discourse the current worldwide situation of COVID-2019 with information on virus, epidemiology, host, the role of animals, effective diagnosis, therapeutics, preventive and control approaches making people aware on the disease outcomes.

Working Paper REVIEW

A Literature Review of 2019 Novel Coronavirus During the Early Outbreak Period: Epidemiology, Causes, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnosis, Prevention and Control

Sasmita Poudel Adhikari, Sha Meng, Yuju Wu, Yuping Mao, Ruixue Ye, Qingzhi Wang, Chang Sun, Sean Sylvia, Scott Rozelle, Hein Raat, Huan Zhou

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: 2019-nCoV; epidemiology; causes; prevention and control; review

Online: 6 February 2020 (08:54:11 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0376.v1

Computational Strategies to Combat COVID-19: Useful Tools to Accelerate SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Research

Franziska Hufsky, Kevin Lamkiewicz, Alexandre Almeida, Abdel Aouacheria, Cecilia Arighi, Alex Bateman, Jan Baumbach, Niko Beerenwinkel, Christian Brandt, Marco Cacciabue, Sara Chuguransky, Oliver Drechsel, Robert D. Finn, Adrian Fritz, Stephan Fuchs, Georges Hattab, Anne-Christin Hauschild, Dominik Heider, Marie Hoffmann, Martin Hölzer, Stefan Hoops, Lars Kaderali, Ioanna Kalvari, Max von Kleist, René Kmiecinski, Denise Kühnert, Gorka Lasso, Pieter Libin, Markus List, Hannah F. Löchel, Maria J. Martin, Roman Martin, Julian Matschinske, Alice C. McHardy, Pedro Mendes, Jaina Mistry, Vincent Navratil, Eric Nawrocki, Áine Niamh O'Toole, Nancy Palacios-Ontiveros, Anton I. Petrov, Guillermo Rangel-Piñeros, Nicole Redaschi, Susanne Reimering, Knut Reinert, Alejandro Reyes, Lorna Richardson, David L. Robertson, Sepideh Sadegh, Joshua B. Singer, Kristof Theys, Chris Upton, Marius Welzel, Lowri Williams, Manja Marz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: virus bioinformatics; SARS-CoV-2; sequencing; epidemiology; drug design; tools

Online: 23 May 2020 (11:01:11 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0289.v1

Estimation of Time-Dependent Reproduction Number for Global COVID-19 Outbreak

Tatiana Petrova, Dmitry Soshnikov, Andrey Grunin

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computational Mathematics Keywords: reproduction number; infectious disease epidemiology; COVID-19; epidemic modelling; mobility index

Online: 24 June 2020 (09:03:44 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper CONCEPT PAPER

Public Use of Masks to Control the Coronavirus Pandemic

Nicholas R. Longrich, Samuel K. Sheppard

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; face masks; epidemiology; coronavirus; pandemics

Online: 12 April 2020 (08:41:58 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

The current Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is unprecedented in recent history and threatens the lives and livelihoods of billions worldwide. The rapid spread and lack of modern parallels have left governments, health agencies, and the public racing to understand how to best mitigate and ultimately suppress the pandemic, but we are still working to understand the strengths and weaknesses of various interventions at our disposal. Few issues have been as contentious as the public use of face masks to control the pandemic’s spread. There is ongoing debate about their effectiveness, but an increasing body of evidence suggests that masks could be a useful in preventing the spread of coronavirus, leading several governments and health agencies to review and revise their policies. Here, we review the theory and evidence behind use of masks. The theory behind masks is that they prevent the spread of viral particles by infected persons, and inhalation of viral particles by uninfected persons. Even assuming masks are not 100% effective in preventing infection, they may reduce severity of infection by reducing viral dosing. Laboratory studies suggest masks may be effective in stopping both exhalation and inhalation of viral particles. However, real-world studies provided limited evidence for the use of masks in controlling influenza transmission and highlight potential problems associated with their misuse, such as poor compliance or improper use. Evidence for efficacy of face masks against the first SARS virus, SARS-CoV-1, implies that they may be effective against the current outbreak of SARS-Cov-2 virus. This is important as mathematical modeling suggests that even small reductions of in transmission rates can make a large difference over time, potentially slowing the pace of viral pandemics and limiting their spread. Perhaps the strongest argument for the use of masks is that countries with early adoption of masks have tended to see flatter pandemic curves, even without strict nationwide lockdowns. There is little evidence that respirators are more effective than surgical masks, but this may be due to misuse or poor compliance. Studies suggest some non-medical masks perform on par with medical masks. Improvised masks are less effective than medical masks, but may provide better protection than nothing at all. While many governments now encourage the use of improvised face coverings, more will need to be known about material, design, and who needs to wear masks, and when, to ensure effectiveness. Proper use of masks will also be important; if masks are used improperly or infrequently they may provide limited protection. It is important that public health policy makers consider the debate and the potential of masks as part of multi-faceted coronavirus control strategies.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0469.v1

Pandemic Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Challenges and A Global Perspective

Yashpal Singh Malik, Naveen Kumar, Shubhankar Sircar, Rahul Kaushik, Sudipta Bhatt, Kuldeep Dhama, Parakriti Gupta, Kapil Goyal, Mini P. Singh, Ujjala Ghoshal, Mohamed Ezzat Mahmoud El Zowalaty, O.R. Vinodh Kumar, Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo, Ruchi Tiwari, Mamta Pathak, Shailesh Kumar Patel, Ranjit Sah, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales, Balasubramanian Ganesh, Prashant Kumar, Raj Kumar Singh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; COVID-2019; epidemiology; pathobiology; clinical profile; phyloanalysis; artificial intelligence; diagnosis; vaccines; therapeutics

Online: 26 April 2020 (08:15:23 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0399.v1

Preliminary Case Report on the SARS-CoV-2 Cluster in the UK, France, and Spain

Emma B. Hodcroft

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 hCOV-19 coronavirus epidemiology contact-tracing cluster outbreak epidemic

Online: 27 February 2020 (11:08:56 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0216.v2

Detection and Survival of SARS-coronavirus in Human Stool, Urine, Wastewater and Sludge

Andrew Singer, Rachel Wray

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-coronavirus; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; COVID-19; Stool; Urine; Wastewater; Wastewater-based epidemiology

Online: 18 June 2020 (09:29:00 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0381.v1

2019 Novel Coronavirus: Where We are and What We Know

Zhangkai J. Cheng, Jing Shan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: 2019-nCoV; nCoV; China; Wuhan; coronavirus; virology; epidemiology; clinical guidance; literature survey; review

Online: 31 January 2020 (05:36:32 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0114.v1

A Possible Role of an Interaction of the Age at Common Childhood Infections and Selected Dietary Factors at Young Age, for the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis

Klaus Lauer, Annette Wahl, Marcel Geilenkeuser

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: multiple sclerosis; epidemiology; diet; childhood infections; interaction

Online: 22 November 2016 (13:00:45 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0040.v3

COVID-19 Virus Infection and Transmission are Observably Less in Highly Dengue-endemic Countries: Can Dengue Vaccines be “Repurposed” to Prevent COVID-19?

Subhajit Biswas, Soumi Sukla

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Dengue; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; epidemiology; infection; mortality; cross-protection; Dengue vaccine; ELISA; Dengvaxia

Online: 5 May 2020 (03:00:34 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0151.v1

Epidemiology of Foodborne Disease Outbreaks from 2011 to 2016 in Shandong Province, China

Guangjian Wu, Liansen Wang, Jinshan Zhao, Zunhua Chu, Maoqiang Zhuang, Yingxiu Zhang, Kebo Wang , Peirui Xiao , Ya Liu, Zhongjun Du

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: foodborne diseases; outbreaks; surveillance; epidemiology; public health

Online: 21 December 2017 (05:00:55 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0269.v1

Antibiotics Against COVID-19 and Mitochondria? Urgent Thinking Out of the Box

Jaroslaw Tyszka, Karolina Kobos, Aleksandra Tyszka

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Theoretical Chemistry Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; pandemic; antibiotics; immune response; mitochondria; epidemiology; health policy

Online: 16 April 2020 (12:14:30 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Italian, Spanish, French vs German, Austrian or Norwegian COVID-19 tracks? Antibiotics might have a partial impact on COVID-19 death rates in various countries. Our working hypotheses based on recent publications is that that antibiotics may be a major factor that negatively affects patients’ immune system during viral infections. We are all aware that there is no specific and effective medical treatment for COVID-19 so far. However, we know that our immune system is the only efficient weapon that fights against this syndrome right now. In fact, antibiotics are very often prescribed to prevent secondary infections following an antiviral immune response. Various antibiotic therapies have also been commonly applied to support COVID-19 treatments in China and Italy. Unfortunately, the frequent antibiotic off-site targets include mitochondria that are genetically and evolutionary closely linked to bacteria. Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles responsible for bioenergetics in nearly all our cells, acting as signaling hubs in antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. Several studies have demonstrated that mitochondria are vulnerable to antibacterial treatments, interrupting their physiology. Inhibition of these processes by antibiotics might render the immune system less capable of fighting acute COVID-19 viral infections. Some antibiotics, including those prescribed for COVID-19 in Wuhan, have been shown to inhibit the synthesis of mitochondrial DNA. The question is whether antibiotics support such a treatment or weaken patient immune responses in this case. This hypothesis should be evaluated based on comparative clinical data that seem to be unavailable at the moment. Possibly the COVID-19 risk group should be extended to all patients being treated with antibiotics, including those who finished antibiotic therapies days up to several months before SARS-CoV-2 infection. We therefore urge health service response groups to evaluate the impact of antibiotics on COVID-19 recovery vs death retrospective data. We would like to motivate international, national and local health authorities to share available clinical treatment data, discuss and optimize treatment strategies.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0320.v1

Data Science in Unveiling COVID-19 Pathogenesis and Diagnosis: Evolutionary Origin to Drug Repurposing

Jayanta Kumar Das, Giuseppe Tradigo, Pierangelo Veltri, Pietro H Guzzi, Swarup Roy

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Data Science; Machine Learning; Deep Learning; Genomics; COVID-19; Drug Discovery; Image Analysis; Interactomics; Epidemiology

Online: 14 August 2020 (11:01:56 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0077.v4

The Ongoing COVID-19 Epidemic Curves Indicate Initial Point Spread in China With Log-Normal Distribution of New Cases per Day With a Predictable Last Date of the Outbreak Version 4: Predictions for Selected European Countries, USA and the World as a Whole and Try to Predict the End of the Outbreak Including a Discussion of a Possible “New Normal”

Stefan Olsson, Jing Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: epidemiology; COVID-19

Online: 19 April 2020 (08:15:10 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

During an epidemic outbreak it is useful for planners and responsible authorities to be able to plan ahead to estimate when an outbreak of an epidemic is likely to ease and when the last case can be predicted in their area of responsibility. Theoretically this could be done for a point source epidemic using epidemic curve forecasting. The extensive data now coming out of China makes it possible to test if this can be done using MS Excel a standard spreadsheet program available to most offices. The available data is divided up for whole China and the different provinces. This and the high number of cases makes the analysis possible. Data for new confirmed infections for Hubei, Hubei outside Wuhan, China excluding Hubei as well as Zhejiang and Fujian provinces all follow a log-normal distribution that can be used to make a rough estimate for the date of the last new confirmed cases in respective areas. In the version 2 continuation work, 9 additional days were added for the Chinese data to evaluate the previous predictions. The extra data then available from China follows the previous predicted trend supporting the usefulness of this simple technique. In the version 2 we also tested the feasibility for a non-specialist to make similar predictions using additional data from S Korea now available. In this third continuation the predictions for Version 2 are evaluated for S Korea and fits well the beginning of the decline but it seems to be difficult to bring down numbers of cases per day under about 100 new cases per day, potential reasons for this is discussed. To further evaluate when in a prediction becomes reliable the Chinese data was used to evaluate to make predictions for each day around the peak in number of cases and after2-3 consecutive days of decreasing new cases per day the prediction becomes reliable. In version 3 data for Italy just reaching this point was used to make further predictions for that country. A second new analysis was also added to use the fitted equation to detect when the acceleration of new cases per day stopped increasing exponentially. In the Chinese case this measured point coincides with the date of the complete Hubei lockdown and in the new Italian analysis it coincides with the mandatory Italian lockdown. Predicted dates for the end of the Italian outbreak is also added. In version 4 we expand the analysis to selected European countries, USA and the World as a whole and try to predict the end of the outbreak. We further discuss the apparent success of the used techniques that might work to introduce a “new normal” not very different to the previous to stop secondary outbreaks of COVID19 and future COVIDs that are sure to come.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0127.v1

Predicting Cardiovascular Disease from Psychosocial Safety Climate: A Prospective Cohort Study from Australia

Harry Becher, Maureen F. Dollard, Peter Smith, Jian Li

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Cardiovascular Disease; Psychosocial Safety Climate; Demand-Control; Effort-Reward Imbalance; Epidemiology; Psychosocial Risks

Online: 15 January 2018 (16:58:20 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0267.v2

Systematic Review of Wastewater Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Human Populations

Kevin Chau, Leanne Barker, Eric Budgell, Karina-doris Vihta, Natalie Sims, Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern, Elinor Harriss, Derrick Crook, Daniel Read, Sarah Walker, Nicole Stoesser

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: AMR; sewage; epidemiology; wastewater; surveillance

Online: 21 June 2021 (11:25:51 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0354.v1

Does COVID-19 Take a Breath? The Chinese Current Situation

Abdul Qadeer, Muhammad Sohail, Ayesha Younas, Haroon Iqbal, Asif Ullah, Hanif Ullah, Anam Razzaq, Bouzid Menaa, Ijaz ul Haq, Zulfiqar Ahmed, Fazle Rabbi, Nangial Khan, Faisal Raza, Saqib Nawaz, Imran Khan, Muhammad Izhar ul Haque, Farid Menaa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Genetics; Epidemiology; Theranostics; Vaccines and Preventive Infectiology

Online: 13 April 2021 (13:00:35 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0422.v1

Histamine Intolerance in Children

Wojciech Nazar, Katarzyna Plata-Nazar, Katarzyna Sznurkowska, Agnieszka Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: children; histamine intolerance; nutrition; diagnostic algorithm; epidemiology

Online: 16 March 2021 (12:19:00 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0366.v1

Hereditary Hematologic Disorders in Najaf Province-Iraq

Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim, Ammar Kadhum Abdulla, Abbass F. Almulla, Michael Maes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: hereditary hematological disorder; Najaf; thalassemia; epidemiology; consanguinity

Online: 20 April 2020 (15:45:27 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0211.v2

Surveillance of Mosquitoes for Zika Virus in Westchester County, New York

Randolph Earl Schilke

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Zika virus; Flavivirus; RNA Viruses; Viruses; surveillance; occurrence; epidemiology; West Nile virus; Aedes; Culicidae

Online: 30 March 2017 (04:53:34 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0222.v1

Pathogen Taxonomy Updates at the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database: Implications for Molecular Epidemiology

Kara Tsang, David Speicher, Andrew McArthur

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; biocuration; microbial nomenclature; molecular epidemiology

Online: 19 July 2019 (08:23:38 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0450.v1

COVID-19 in a Rural Community: Outbreak Dynamics, Contact Tracing and Environmental RNA

Isabel G. Fernández de Mera, Francisco J. Rodríguez del Río, José de la Fuente, Marta Pérez Sancho, Dolores Hervas, Inma Moreno, Mercedes Dominguez, Lucas Domínguez, Christian Gortázar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: epidemiology; transmission dynamics; isolated population; Spain

Online: 27 May 2020 (09:05:14 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0197.v1

Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients in Vietnam and a Description of Disease Control and Prevention Measures in Thai Binh Province

Van Thuan Hoang, Thi Dung Pham, Thi Loi Dao, Duc Thanh Nguyen, Van Nghiem Dang, Thanh Tung Dao, Van Luong Nguyen, Quang Huy Dang, Xuan Cap Do, Van Thom Nguyen, Van Diu Pham, Phong Tuc Vu, Nang Trong Hoang, Philippe Gautret, Duy Cuong Nguyen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Vietnam; Epidemiology; control; screening

Online: 11 May 2020 (13:02:32 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0353.v1

Analysis and Forecast of COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan

Abdul Bari Malik

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: COVID-19; Epidemiology; COVID-19 Analysis and Forecast in Pakistan; Forecasting; Estimation; ARIMA; Prophet; SIRD; Diffusion; Analysis

Online: 29 June 2020 (10:50:47 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0526.v1

A snapshot on COVID-19: A review

Mahfuz Al Mamun, Kaiissar Mannoor, Tahmina Shirin, Meerjady Sabrina Flora, Firdausi Qadri, Lili Ren, Jianwei Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; origin; transmission; epidemiology; signs and symptoms; diagnosis; treatment and prevention.

Online: 30 April 2020 (10:47:14 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0187.v3

The BFP (Benford-Fibonacci-Perez) Method Validates the Consistency of COVID-19 Epidemiological Data in France and Italy

Jean-Claude Perez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV2; Biomathematics; Benford law; trials; Epidemiology; Fibonacci; data analysis; big data

Online: 11 June 2021 (15:47:44 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0153.v1

Spatial Distribution of COVID-19 in Honduras at the Early Phase of the Pandemic Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Lysien I. Zambrano, Manuel Antonio Sierra-Santos, Homer Mauricio Mejía-Santos, Elsa Yolanda Palou, Fausto Muñoz-Lara, Ivette Lorenzana, Tito Alvarado, Itzel Carolina Fuentes-Barahona, Glaucia Luciano da Veiga, Ivan Rodriguez-Nuñez, Víctor Manuel Valladares-Rosa, Arturo Gerardo Corrales-Alvarez, Kovy Arteaga-Livias, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; geographical information systems (GIS); coronavirus; epidemiology of infectious diseases; public health.

Online: 12 June 2020 (12:36:52 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0058.v1

A Narrative Review on the Human Health Effects of Ambient Air Pollution in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Urgent Need for Health Effects Studies

Eric Coker, Samuel Kizito

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: ambient air pollution; epidemiology; narrative review; sub-Saharan Africa

Online: 8 January 2018 (09:52:02 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0497.v1

Taking the Inner Route: Spatial and Demographic Factors Affecting Vulnerability to COVID-19 Among 604 Cities from Inner São Paulo State, Brazil

Carlos Magno Castelo Branco Fortaleza, Raul Borges Guimarães, Gabriel Berg de Almeida, Micheli Pronunciate, Cláudia Pio Ferreira

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19; Epidemiology; Ecologic study

Online: 28 April 2020 (10:23:16 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Objectives: The impact of COVID-19 in metropolitan areas has been extensively studied. The geographic spread to smaller cities is of great concern and may follow hierarchical influence of urban centers. With that in mind, we investigated factors that affect vulnerability of inner municipalities in São Paulo State, Brazil, an area with 24 million inhabitants. Methods: Surveillance data for confirmed COVID-19 cases and admissions for severe acute respiratory disease (SARD) up to April 18^th were recorded for each of 604 municipalities that lay outside São Paulo metropolitan area. Vulnerability was assessed in Multivariable models, including sociodemographic indexes, road distance to the State Capital and the municipalities classification proposed by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Municipalities of great regional relevance were used as reference category for that classification. The outcome of interest for Cox regression was having COVID-cases, with time counting from the first report in São Paulo State. For binomial negative regression models, the outcomes of interest were rates of confirmed COVID-19 cases and admissions for SARD.Results: A total of 198 (32.8%) municipalities had autochthonous COVID-19 cases. In Cox models, affected municipalities were likely to have greater population density (Hazard Ratio[HR] for each 100 inhabitants per square kilometer, 1.07; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], (1.05-1.10)), proportion of inhabitants in urban area (HR, 1.02; 95%CI, 1.00-1.04), higher human development index (HDI, HR for 1%, 1.06; 95%CI, 1.00-1.13) and Gini Index for Inequality of income (HR for 1%, 1.04, 95% CI, 1.00-1.07). On the other hand, distance from the Capital was protective (HR for each 100Km, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.74-0.90). The HR95%[95%CI] also varied negatively according to the categories of influence of major centers (0.41 [0.22-0.77], 0.16 [0.09-0.32], 0.07 [0.03-0.15]). The binomial negative regression models for COVID-19 incidence also detected positive association with population density (Incidence Rate Ratio[IRR], 1.13; 95%CI, 1.07-1.18) and proportion of urban population (IRR, 1.04; 95%CI, 1.01-1.05), protection for cities distant to the Capital (IRR=0.73; 95%CI, 0.68-0.81) and increasing negative association for categories of influence (0.19 [0.09-0.42], 0.07 [0.03-0.15] and 0.03 [0.02-0.08]). Similar findings were detected when we used SARD incidence as outcome.Conclusion: Municipalities with greater population, density and regional influence were more likely to be affected earlier and more intensely by COVID-19. Non-pharmacological measures should be strengthened in those areas of greater risk.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0125.v1

Incidence and Characteristics of Cataract Surgery in Poland, during 2010 -2015

Michal Nowak, Iwona Grabska-Liberek, Katarzyna Michalska-Malecka, Andrzej Grzybowski, Milena Koziol, Wojciech Niemczyk, Barbara Wieckowska, Jacek Szaflik

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: eye, cataract, epidemiology, public health

Online: 19 February 2018 (16:37:16 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0434.v1

Demographic Diversity of Food Intake and Prevalence of Kidney Stone Diseases in Indian Continent

Manalee Guha, Hritwick Banerjee, Pubali Mitra, Madhusudan Das

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: food intake; food diversity; kidney stone disease; social epidemiology

Online: 19 November 2018 (09:20:49 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0491.v1

CMV-Specific Immune Reconstitution after Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation: Central Role of Specific IgG in Immunodefense Against CMV Reactivation as a Leading Parameter during Profound and Long-Lasting Immune Deficiency

Przemyslaw Zdziarski

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: cytomegalovirus (CMV); infection, reactivation, epidemiology, host-virus interaction, CMV-specific IgG; protective IgG level, avidity, adoptive/acquired immune response, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); secondary immunodeficiency, Quantiferon, pentamer, β2-microglobulin/beta 2-Microglobulin

Online: 22 October 2018 (11:53:47 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0334.v1

Molecular Detection and Identification of Babesia spp., and Trypanosoma spp. in One-humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Halayeb and Shalateen, Egypt

Shimaa Abd El-Salam El-Sayed, Mohamed El-Adl, Mayar Ali, Mostafa Al-Araby, Mosaab Omar, Mohamed El-Beskawy, Shimaa sorour, Mohammad Al-Wabel, Mohamed Rizk, Magdy Elgioushy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Babesia spp.; Trypanosoma spp.; Camel; Egypt; Epidemiology

Online: 15 October 2020 (16:27:16 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0137.v1

Burden of Serious Fungal Diseases in Romania

Mihai Mareș, Valentina Ruxandra Moroti-Constantinescu, David W. Denning

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: mycoses; epidemiology; Romania; candidaemia; aspergillosis; chronic pulmonary conditions

Online: 21 February 2018 (16:41:29 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Objective: To estimate for the first time the burden of serious fungal infections in Romania; Methods: Data derived from the World Health Organization (WHO), National Institute of Statistics, Romanian public health agencies and non-profit health organizations and published annual reports on local epidemiology were used in the present study. When no data was available, specific at-risk populations were used to calculate frequencies of serious fungal diseases, using previously published epidemiological parameters. All data refer to the year 2016; 3) Results: The estimated number of serious fungal infections in Romanian population was 435,930 in 2016. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis accounts for up to 80% of total cases (more than 350,000 women annually). Concerning the HIV related infections, among 14349 infected persons, Pneumocystis pneumonia occurred in about 10% of late presenters (30 cases in 2016), while cryptococcal meningitis is rarely diagnosed (less than 20 cases). Annually, the total number of oesophageal candidiasis and oral thrush cases in HIV-positive patients may be as high as 1229 and 3066, respectively. In immunocompromised and cancer patient population, the annual incidence of candidaemia is 295, and at least 158 invasive aspergillosis cases and 4 mucormycosis cases occur yearly. With 4,966 critical care beds and approximately 200,000 abdominal surgeries performed, the estimated annual incidence of candidaemia and Candida peritonitis is 689 and 344, respectively. The annual incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis is still high in Romania (12,747 cases). Thus, the prevalence of post-TB chronic pulmonary aspergillosis is estimated to be 8.98/100,000 (1768 cases). The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma in adults is 6% and 6.5%, respectively. Therefore, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis prevalence is estimated at 29,387 and severe asthma with fungal sensitisation at 38,731 cases annually. 4) Conclusions: Not being on the list of reportable diseases, the number of patients presenting with severe mycoses in Romania can only be roughly estimated. Based on local reports and prevalence estimation, we consider that at least 2.2% of Romanians suffer a serious form of fungal disease.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0086.v1

PFAS Environmental Pollution and Antioxidant Responses: An Overview of the Impact on Human Field

Marco Bonato, Francesca Corrà, Marta Bellio, Laura Guidolin, Laura Tallandini, Paola Irato, Gianfranco Santovito

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: antioxidant defenses; human health; environmental pollution; oxidative stress; epidemiology; perfluorinated substances; reactive oxygen species; toxicology

Online: 5 October 2020 (12:58:24 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0282.v1

Review of Current Evidence in the etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis and management of acute pancreatitis

Samantha Varley, Kirsten Rossi, Meghan Murray, Alissa Nichole

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: pancreatitis; epidemiology; diagnosis; complications; treatment; prognosis.

Online: 29 March 2019 (12:13:17 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0098.v2

Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Addictions among the Homeless Population in the Greater Paris Area, France

Anne Laporte, Stéphanie Vandentorren, Marc-Antoine Détrez, Caroline Douay, Yann Le Strat, Erwan Le Mener, Pierre Chauvin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: homeless; mental health; epidemiology; psychotic disorders; anxiety; mood disorders; alcohol

Online: 16 January 2018 (13:12:32 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0200.v1

Why Has COVID-19 Spread More Extensively in Europe than Asia?

Chris Kenyon

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 mortality rate; testing intensity; epidemiology; Europe; Asia

Online: 11 May 2020 (13:23:19 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0389.v1

Demanding of Lassa Fever: Reducing its Risk as an Infectious Disease

Abdullahi Tunde Aborode, Victor Adegbile Adesewa, Oni Ebenezer Ayomide, Samuel Ogunsola Olarenwaju

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Lassa Fever; Virus; Infectious Disease; Hazard; West Africa; Health Care; Epidemiology; Epidemic; Measures; Burden; Management

Online: 17 July 2020 (15:19:59 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0485.v1

Occurrence and Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Dairy Cattle, Milk and Farm Environment in Peninsular Malaysia

Emelia Aini Kamaruzzaman, Saleha Abdul-Aziz, Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus, Zunita Zakaria, Latiffah Hassan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Characterisation; Epidemiology; ESBL; Escherichia coli

Online: 20 September 2020 (15:46:21 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0053.v1

Estimating the Burden of Serious Fungal Infections in Uruguay

Marina Macedo-Viñas, David W. Denning

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: epidemiology of fungal infections; infection burden; Uruguay

Online: 6 February 2018 (06:52:38 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0052.v1

Estimation of Unreported Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infections from Reported Deaths: a Susceptible Exposed Infectious Recovered Dead Model

Andrea Maugeri, Martina Barchitta, Sebastiano Battiato, Antonella Agodi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: novel coronavirus; epidemiology; COVID-19; epidemic model

Online: 6 April 2020 (12:30:42 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0387.v1

Aflatoxins in Mozambique: Etiology, Epidemiology and Control

Edgar Cambaza, Shigenobu Koseki, Shuso Kawamura

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: aflatoxins; Mozambique; etiology; epidemiology; control

Online: 28 May 2018 (08:40:13 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0066.v1

Design of the EPIGENEC Study: Assessing the EPIdemiology and GENetics of Escherichia coli in the Netherlands

Denise van Hout, Tess D. Verschuuren, Patricia C.J. Bruijning-Verhagen, Thijs Bosch, E. Ascelijn Reuland, Ad C. Fluit, Anita C. Schürch, Rob J.L. Willems, Sabine C. de Greeff, Annemarie van ’t Veen, Jan A.J.W. Kluytmans, Marc J.M. Bonten

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Escherichia coli; antimicrobial resistance; infection; molecular epidemiology

Online: 7 February 2019 (09:15:44 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Background: Infections caused by E. coli cause considerable disease burden and range from frequently occurring and relatively innocent urinary tract infection (UTI) to severe bloodstream infection (BSI). The incidence of infections caused by ESBL-producing E. coli (ESBL-PEc) is increasing, justifying surveillance and development of preventive strategies in several domains. Faecal carriage is universal and believed to be the most important reservoir for E. coli from which infections can originate. It is currently unknown to what extent Dutch E. coli carriage strains in the community reflect isolates causing disease. In this study, we will perform comparative genomics to infer the population structures of human-derived ESBL-PEc from community- and hospital-acquired infections and from community-based faecal carriage samples in the Netherlands. Furthermore, we will describe the molecular epidemiology of E. coli isolates causing invasive disease (BSI). Methods: This study uses four different microbiological data sources: 1) ESBL-PEc from patients with community-acquired UTI tested in primary care between May and November 2017, 2) ESBL-PEc from urine cultures obtained from patients hospitalized between January 2014 and December 2016, 3) E. coli from blood cultures obtained from patients hospitalized between January 2014 and December 2016, and 4) ESBL-PEc from faecal samples collected in a national population- prevalence study performed between January 2014 and January 2017. Clinical epidemiological data was collected from all patients and all isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing. Discussion: The EPIGENEC study (EPIdemiology and GENetics of E. coli) will describe the molecular epidemiology of E. coli BSI and assess the genomic population structure of ESBL-PEc strains from community-acquired and nosocomial infections, and of ESBL-PEc reflecting community-based faecal carriage. Information from these studies may assist in optimizing surveillance strategies and determining targets and potential impact of future new preventive measures.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0016.v1

A Review of State-of-the-Art Low-Cost Sensors for Detection of Indoor Air Pollutants that Correlate with Health

Hasan Tariq, Farid Touati, Damiano Crescini, Adel Ben Mnaouer

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: indoor epidemiology (IE); respiratory diseases; low-cost air quality sensors; air quality assessment; sensing technologies (STs); fabrication; measurement; configurations; sensor assemblies; gas sensors calibration systems (GSCS)

Online: 1 March 2023 (08:59:13 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0253.v1

Optimizing Open Data to Support One Health: Best Practices to Ensure Interoperability of Genomic Data from Microbial Pathogens

Ruth E. Timme, William J. Wolfgang, Maria Balkey, Sai Laxmi Gubbala Venkata, Robyn Randolph, Marc Allard, Errol Strain

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Genomic Epidemiology; GenomeTrakr; microbial pathogen surveillance, NCBI submission; whole genome sequencing; QA/QC; One Health

Online: 16 April 2020 (05:26:42 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0556.v2

SamPy: A New Python Library for Stochastic Spatial Agent-Based Modeling in Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases

Francois Viard, Emily Acheson, Agathe Allibert, Caroline Sauve, Patrick Leighton

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Agent-based-model; epidemiology; python; zoonotic diseases

Online: 1 December 2022 (02:09:32 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0621.v2

Spatial Distribution of Zika in Honduras during 2016–2017 Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)—Implications in Public Health and Travel Medicine

Lysien I. Zambrano, Walter O. Vasquez-Bonilla, Itzel Carolina Fuentes-Barahona, José Cláudio da Silva, Jorge Alberto Valle-Reconco, Marco Tulio Medina, John D. England, Jorge A. Sánchez-Duque, Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Zika virus (ZIKV); geographical information systems (GIS); public health; travelers; arboviruses; infectious diseases epidemiology; Honduras

Online: 1 February 2019 (09:44:12 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0328.v1

Spatial Distribution of Dengue in Honduras during 2016-2019 Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) – Implications During Epidemic for Public Health and Travel Medicine

Lysien I. Zambrano, Edith Rodriguez, Iván Alfonso Espinoza-Salvado, Itzel Carolina Fuentes-Barahona, Tales Lyra de Oliveira, Glaucia Luciano da Veiga, José Cláudio da Silva, Jorge Alberto Valle-Reconco, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Dengue virus (DENV); geographical information systems (GIS); public health; travelers; arboviruses; infectious diseases epidemiology; Honduras

Online: 29 July 2019 (04:36:31 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0073.v1

Significantly Improved COVID-19 Outcomes in Countries with Higher BCG Vaccination Coverage: A Multivariable Analysis

Danielle Klinger, Ido Blass, Nadav Rappoport, Michal Linial

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Epidemiology; SARS-CoV-2; Multivariable regression; Tuberculosis; Demography; Coronavirus; MMR vaccine

Online: 7 June 2020 (09:25:55 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0308.v1

Epidemiology of Clinical Hantavirus Infections in Barbados, 2008-2016

Kirk Osmond Douglas, Thelma Alafia Samuels, Marquita Gittens-St. Hilaire

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: orthohantavirus; bunyavirus; VHF; viruses; haemorrhagic fever; epidemiology; infectious diseases; Barbados; Caribbean; virology; incidence; vectors; Americas

Online: 28 July 2019 (11:43:17 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0276.v1

Two-step Randomisation: Applying the Results of Small Feasibility Studies of Interventions to Large-scale Mendelian Randomisation Studies to Robustly Infer Causal Effects on Clinical Endpoints

Meda R Sandu, Rhona Beynon, Rebecca Richmond, Diana L. Santos Ferreira, Lucy Hackshaw-McGeagh, George Davey Smith, Chris Metcalfe, J Athene Lane, Richard Martin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: epidemiology; causality; cancer; methodology; mendelian randomisation; randomised controlled trials

Online: 24 October 2019 (10:53:36 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Background: Feasibility trials are preliminary trials that assess the viability and acceptability of intervention studies and the effects of the intervention on intermediate endpoints. Due to their short duration, they are unable to establish the effects of the intervention on long-term clinical outcomes. We propose a novel method that could transform the interpretation of feasibility trials using modified two-stage randomisation analyses. Methods In this two-stage process, we explored the effects of a 6-month feasibility factorial randomised controlled trial (RCT) of lycopene and green tea dietary interventions (ProDiet) on 159 serum metabolic traits in 133 men with raised PSA levels but prostate cancer (PCA) free. In the first stage, we conducted an intention-to-treat analysis, using linear regression to examine the effects of the interventions on metabolic traits, compared to the placebo group and instrumental variable analysis to assess the causal effect of the intervention on the outcomes. In the second stage, we used a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach to assess the causal effect of metabolic traits altered by the interventions, on PCA risk, using summary statistics data from an international PCA consortium of 44,825 cancer cases and 27,904 controls. ResultsThe systemic effects of lycopene and green tea supplementation on serum metabolic profile were comparable to the effects of the respective dietary advice interventions (R2= 0.65 and 0.76 for lycopene and green tea respectively). Metabolites which were altered in response to lycopene supplementation were acetate (standard deviation difference versus placebo (β)): 0.69; 95% CI= 0.24, 1.15; p=0.003), valine (β: -0.62; -1.03, -0.02; p=0.004), pyruvate (β: -0.56; -0.95, -0.16; p=0.006), and docosahexaenoic acid (β: -0.50; -085, -0.14; p=0.006). The instrumental variable analysis showed there was no evidence that green tea altered the metabolome, but lycopene was associated with an increase in acetate (β=2.13; p=0.006) and decreases in pyruvate (β=-1.90; p=0.009), valine (β=-1.79; p=0.023), diacylglycerol (β=-1.81; p=0.026), alanine (β=-1.55; p=0.015) and DHA (p=0.097), where the regression coefficient represents the standard deviation (SD) difference in metabolite measures per unit change in lycopene (µmol/L) or EGCG (nM).Using MR, a genetically instrumented SD increase in pyruvate increased the odds of PCA by 1.29 (1.03, 1.62; p=0.027). Conclusion Using a two-stage randomization analysis in a feasibility RCT, we found that lycopene lowered levels of pyruvate, which our Mendelian randomization analysis suggests may be causally related to reduced PCA risk.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0267.v1

Modeling the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak in Sicily, Italy

Andrea Maugeri, Martina Barchitta, Sebastiano Battiato, Antonella Agodi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: novel coronavirus; COVID-19; epidemic model; epidemiology

Online: 16 April 2020 (08:24:07 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0632.v1

Molecular Epidemiology Characteristics of Brucella abortus Strains in China and Their Relationships with World Lineages

Xu-ming Wang, Zhong-zhi Zhao, miao wang, buyun cui, Zhi-guo Liu, zhen-jun Li

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: B. abortus; molecular epidemiology; MLVA; WGS-SNP; China

Online: 25 November 2020 (11:01:59 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0235.v1

The Cost of Chronic Wounds in Argentina: An Estimation of the Burden in a Public Hospital

Romina Chavez-Jara, Nicolas Cerusico, Maria Lazarte, Carla Cabrera, Andrea Herrera Bruno, Eugenia Sesto Cabral, Alberto Nicolas Ramos

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: chronic wound; hospital cost; epidemiology; public health

Online: 20 May 2019 (09:53:44 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0117.v1

Identification of Malignant Mesothelioma Risk Factors through Association Rule Mining

Talha Mahboob Alam

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: malignant mesothelioma; epidemiology; association rule mining; Apriori method; imbalanced dataset

Online: 10 November 2019 (16:15:14 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0187.v1

Socio-Economic Patterns of COVID-19 During the Pandemic in Italy

Alberto Mateo-Urdiales, Massimo Fabiani, Aldo Rosano, Maria Fenicia Vescio, Martina Del Manso, Antonino Bella, Flavia Riccardo, Patrizio Pezzotti, Enrique Regidor, Xanthi Andrianou

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: COVID-19; HEALTH INEQUALITIES; DEPRIVATION; SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

Online: 8 February 2021 (11:04:18 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0467.v1

Biases Inherent in Studies of Coffee Consumption in Early Pregnancy and the Risks of Subsequent Events

Alan Leviton

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: caffeine; coffee; epidemiology; recall bias; misclassification; residual confounding; reverse causation; publication bias

Online: 25 July 2018 (05:57:48 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0015.v1

SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater: Occurrence, Detection and Implications

Anshika Billa, Sanjeev Balda, Aarjoo Sharma, Rupali Dhingra, Shiv Nandan Sah, Neena Capalash, Prince Sharma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Wastewater; Surveillance; SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater based epidemiology; COVID-19; Detection; Sewage

Online: 4 April 2022 (11:04:30 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0138.v1

Covid-19 and Other Viruses in Brazil: Can the New Pandemic Influence Epidemiological Records?

Haniel Fernandes

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: covid-19; epidemiology; epidemiological week; Brazil; coronavirus; viruses

Online: 8 May 2020 (08:08:40 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0112.v1

Epidemiologic and Histopathologic Feature of Lung Cancer in Central Iran (2012-2018)

Mohammad Sadegh Khalilian, Sina Narrei, Mahdi Hadian, Mehrdad Zeinalian

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: lung cancer; epidemiology; histopathology; Central Iran; Isfahan

Online: 8 April 2020 (03:56:28 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Background: Lung cancer is one of the common causes of death worldwide. Although the incidence rate of lung cancer in Western countries is decreasing, it presents a growing trend in developed countries. Since there is no accurate enough information about the epidemiological and Histopathologic features of lung cancer in central Iran, Isfahan, we were motivated to conduct this research. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in central Iran, Isfahan. All demographic, histopathological and clinical data of the lung cancer patients registered in MACSA, a referral charity-based cancer center in central Iran, was analyzed within 2012-2018 using SPSS v.22 software. Results: Altogether 260 patients with lung cancer were included in this study from 6127 cancer patients registered within 2012-2018 (4.2%). Out of them, 66.2% were men, and 18.8 % of the patients were alive at the time of the study. The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 61.56 (SD=14.11, range: 9-93). Altogether, 63.1% of patients had metastasis of whom 57.6% were in stage IV at diagnosis. The Frequency of different types of lung cancer was 36.9% adenocarcinomas, 14.2% squamous cell carcinoma, 9.6% bronchogenic carcinoma and 8.1% small cell lung cancer, respectively. Altogether, 128 cases were smokers with an average 35.45 ± 14 pack- years. Only in 36.2% of the patients, the diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers had been checked, and CK7 was positive in 88.9% of the cases in which the biomarker had been checked. Conclusion: Despite to similar Iranian studies, the most common histopathologic type of lung cancer among the patients was adenocarcinoma that it may be attributed to the lower consumption of smoking in our population and their different genetic context. Molecular biomarkers had been checked in a small portion of the patients. More education of the clinicians along with the development of cancer molecular testing may lead to promote the personalized-based approach.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0621.v1

Population Risk Factors for COVID-19 Deaths in Nigeria at Subnational Level

Zubaida Hassan, Muhammad Jawad Hashim, Gulfaraz Khan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; mortality; epidemiology; risk factors; Nigeria; Africa

Online: 25 July 2020 (18:20:23 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0491.v1

On the nature of evidence and 'proving' causality: smoking and lung cancer vs. sun exposure, vitamin D and multiple sclerosis

Robyn Lucas, Rachael Rodney Harris

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: epidemiology, causality, association, smoking, lung cancer, vitamin D, sun exposure, multiple sclerosis

Online: 29 June 2018 (15:42:02 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0244.v1

The Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Within the Dog Population in Croatia: Host Factors and Clinical Outcome

Vladimir Stevanovic, Irena Tabain, Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek, Maja Mauric Maljkovic, Iva Benvin, Zeljka Hruskar, Snjezana Kovac, Iva Smit, Gorana Miletic, Suzana Hadina, Vilim Staaresina, Lada Radin, Valentina Plichta, Branimir Skrlin, Zoran Vrbanac, Mirna Brkljacic, Marija Cvetnic, Josipa Habus, Kresimir Martinkovic, Iva Zecevic, Gabrijela Jurkic, Ivana Ferencak, Zrinka Stritof, Matko Perharic, Lovro Bucic, Ljubo Barbic

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; animals; dogs; epidemiology; risk factors; clinical picture; Croatia

Online: 9 June 2021 (07:40:55 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0006.v1

Episodes of Diverticulitis and Hemorrhoidal Proctitis and Diets with Selected Plant Foods: Case-Control Study with a Food Frequency Questionnaire

Juan Flich-Carbonell, Antoni Alegre-Martinez, José Alfonso-Sánchez, Maria Torres-Sanchez, Salvador Gomez-Abril, Maria Martinez-Martinez, Jose Martin-Moreno

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Diverticulitis; Hemorrhoids; Vegetables; Prevention; Epidemiology; Consumption

Online: 1 March 2021 (13:02:53 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Background The high incidence of diverticulitis and hemorrhoidal proctitis episodes in the population imposes an important healthcare and economic burden. Aim To determine the association between intake of certain plant foods and diverticulitis and hemorrhoidal proctitis episodes. Methods Case-control study with quantitative food frequency questionnaire focusing on selected plant foods and derived products. These were grouped by main chemical components into: ethanol, caffeine/theine/theobromine, capsaicin, alliin, acids, eugenol, and miscellaneous foods like curcumin. We quantified intake according to 24-h recall, either on a 1-4 scale (no intake, low, moderate, high intake) or as the number of units consumed (e.g. cups of tea/coffee, n of oranges or lemons); this value was multiplied by the number of reported intake days per week (1-7). Overall intake was expressed as a continuous variable obtained by successively multiplying the score for each food category, and the result was transformed into a common logarithm (range 0.3 to 27.7). Cases and controls were compared using the chi-squared test, student’s t test, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and predictive analysis (multiple logistic regression). Results The sample included 410 cases and 401 controls, who were similar in mean age and gender distribution. The mean score for overall intake of included plant foods was 6.3 points (standard deviation [SD] 4.5), and this was significantly higher in cases (8.5 points, SD 5.3) than in controls (4.1 points, SD 1.2; p < 0.001). Overall intake was similar in cases presenting diverticulitis or hemorrhoidal proctitis. Cases had 13 times the odds of being in the upper quartile for overall intake (> 7 points) compared to controls (OR 13.2, 95% CI 8.3 to 20.8, p < 0.001). Predictive logistic regression models showed that the chemical food group most closely associated with diverticulitis and hemorrhoidal proctitis was capsaicin, followed by ethanol, eugenol, caffeine/theine/theobromine, and acids. The OR for age was near the null value. Neither alliin nor miscellaneous food groups showed any association. Conclusions High, frequent consumption of some plant foods and derived products increases the risk of presenting symptoms of diverticulitis and hemorrhoidal proctitis.

Working Paper REVIEW

COVID-19: Look to the Future, Learn from the Past

Zhangkai J. Cheng, Hui-Qi Qu, Zhigang Liu, Ruixi Zeng, Lifeng Tian, Zhifeng Duan, Qing Zhang, Liteng Yang, Hakon Hakonarson, Gang Cheng

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: coronavirus; epidemiology; 2019-nCoV; COVID-19

Online: 10 June 2020 (05:17:01 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0139.v1

Potential Super Spreading’s of SARS-2 Pandemic. A Short Review

Anthony Kyriakopoulos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: SARS epidemiology; super spread events; efficient diagnosis to contain magnitude of SARS-2 outbreaks

Online: 9 April 2020 (07:48:47 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0102.v1

An Introduction to Probabilistic Record Linkage

Jana Asher, Dean Resnick, Jennifer Brite, Robert Brackbill, James Cone

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: epidemiology; disaster epidemiology; data matching; record linkage; probabilistic record linkage; interagency cooperation; 9/11 health

Online: 4 August 2020 (16:06:37 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1487.v1

Laboratory Findings and Biomarkers in Long COVID: What Do We Know So Far? Insights Into Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Perspectives and Challenges

Dimitrios Tsilingiris, Natalia G. Vallianou, Irene Karampela, Gerasimos Socrates Christodoulatos, Georgios Papavasileiou, Dimitra Petropoulou, Faidon Magkos, Maria Dalamaga

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: biomarkers; COVID-19; epidemiology; laboratory; long COVID; pathogenesis; post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-19 infection (PASC); post COVID; post-COVID syndrome (PCS)

Online: 22 May 2023 (09:41:11 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Long COVID (LC) encompasses a constellation of long-term symptoms experienced by at least 10% of people after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, and so far has affected about 65 million people. The etiology of LC remains unclear; however, many pathophysiological pathways may be involved, including viral persistence; chronic, low grade inflammatory response; immune dysregulation and defective immune response; reactivation of latent viruses; autoimmunity; persistent endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathy; gut dysbiosis; hormonal dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction; and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. There are no specific tests for the diagnosis of LC, and clinical features including laboratory findings and biomarkers may not specifically relate to LC. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to develop and validate biomarkers that can be employed for the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of LC and its therapeutic response. Promising candidate biomarkers that are found in some patients are markers of systemic inflammation including acute phase proteins, cytokines and chemokines; biomarkers reflecting SARS-CoV-2 persistence, reactivation of herpesviruses and immune dysregulation; biomarkers of endotheliopathy, coagulation and fibrinolysis; microbiota alterations; diverse proteins and metabolites; hormonal and metabolic biomarkers; as well as cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. At present, there are only two reviews summarizing relevant biomarkers; however, they do not cover the entire umbrella of current biomarkers or their link to etiopathogenetic mechanisms, and the diagnostic work-up in a comprehensive manner. Herein, we aim to appraise and synopsize the available evidence on the typical laboratory manifestations and candidate biomarkers of LC, their classification based on main LC symptomatology in the frame of the epidemiological and pathogenetic aspects of the syndrome, and furthermore assess limitations and challenges as well as potential implications in candidate therapeutic interventions.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0589.v1

Long Sleep Duration and Social Jetlag are Associated Inversely with a Healthy Dietary Pattern in Adults: Results from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme Y1-4

Suzana Almoosawi, Luigi Palla, Ian walshe, Snieguole Vingeliene, Jason Ellis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Sleep; Social Jetlag; Diet Food and Nutrition; Nutrition Surveys; Cross-sectional; Epidemiology; Adults; Public Health

Online: 30 July 2018 (14:41:06 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

Trends In Cumulative Incidence and Case Fatality Of COVID-19 in The United States: Extreme Epidemiologic Response

Laurens Holmes. Jr, Glen Philipcien, Keeti Deepika, Chinaka Chinacherem, Prachi Chavan, Janille Williams, Benjamin Ogundele, Kirk Dabney, Maura Poleon, Lavisha Pelaez, Tatiana Picolli, Valescia John, Leslie Stalnaker, Michael Enwere

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV2; extreme epidemiology response; population at risk; case fatality

Online: 12 April 2020 (14:08:15 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Objectives: COVID-19, a respiratory disease caused by SARS-COV2 and transmitted from person-to-person through viral droplets remains a global pandemic. There is a need to understand the transmission modes, populations at risk, and how to mitigate the spread and case fatality in the United States (US) and globally. The current study aimed to assess the global COVID-19 transmission and case fatality, examine similar parameters by countries and determine evidence-based practice in extreme epidemiology response in epidemic curve flattening and case fatality reduction. Methods: A cross-sectional ecologic design was used to assess the preexisting data on confirmed COVID-19 cases and mortality in March 2020 from the CDC, WHO, Worldodomter, and STATISTA. A rapid assessment between March 23^rdand 31^st, 2020, was utilized for the extreme epidemiology response. The case fatality, termed fatality proportion, was examined using mortality in relation to confirmed cases involving the world, United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK), Italy, France, Spain, China, Germany, India and South Korea. Results: The COVID-19 is a global pandemic, with the US as the epicenter for transmission, representing 20.9% of all confirmed cases worldwide, while Italy is the epicenter for case fatality, 30.6% of mortality as at 03/31/ 2020. The fatality proportion (FP) in Italy was 11.4%, Spain (8.8%), France (6.8%) and UK (6.4%). Despite the increased number of confirmed cases, the lowest FP was observed in Germany (0.96%) and South Korea (1.66%). There is increasing linear tends in transmission in the US, R²=0.97 as well as positive daily percentage change, ranging from 1.27% to 20.5%. Conclusions: The USA remains the epicenter for COVID-19 transmission, while Italy is the epicenter for case fatality. The observed relatively low case fatality in Germany and South Korea is due to an “extreme epidemiology” response through the application of Wuhan, China’s early data on COVID-19 transmission control measures and optimized patient care. These data are suggestive of relaxing the clinical guidelines in the United States in COVID-19 testing, application of contact tracing and testing, case isolation and most importantly enhancing resources for case management and social and physical distancing globally, hence epidemic curve flattening and case fatality reduction.

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0143.v1

The Main Risk Factors for the Number of Serious or Critical Cases of Covid-19: How is the Health of Brazilians?

Haniel Fernandes

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Covid-19; Epidemiology; Chronic diseases; Serious or critical cases; Brazil; Coronavirus

Online: 8 May 2020 (12:33:24 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0039.v2

A Compartmental Epidemiological Model for the Dissemination of the COVID-19 Disease

Evangelos Matsinos

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: Epidemiology; infectious disease; compartmental model; mathematical modelling and optimisation; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 12 June 2020 (12:14:28 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0246.v1

Why Has COVID-19 Mortality Been Higher in Certain Countries Than Others? An Ecological Analysis of 204 Countries

Chris Kenyon

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 mortality rate; testing intensity; epidemiology; Europe; Asia; obesity; elderly

Online: 21 June 2020 (10:01:26 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0689.v1

Alternative Invasion Mechanisms and Host Immune Response to Plasmodium vivax Malaria: Trends and Future Directions

Daniel Kepple, Kareen Pestana, Junya Tomida, Abnet Abebe, Lemu Golassa, Eugenia Lo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Tropical Medicine Keywords: Plasmodium vivax; Erythrocyte Invasion Mechanisms; Duffy Negative; Africa; Immunology; Epidemiology

Online: 27 November 2020 (13:08:59 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper BRIEF REPORT

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a Dog, Connecticut, February 2021

Dong-Hun Lee, Zeinab Helal, Junwon Kim, Amelia Hunt, Alyza Barbieri, David H. Chung, Ji-Yeon Hyeon, Guillermo Risatti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Covid-19; Dog; Connecticut; Epidemiology

Online: 18 March 2021 (10:56:35 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0161.v2

Mathematical Modelling to Study the Horizontal Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Bacteria: Current State of the Field and Recommendations

Quentin J. Leclerc, Jodi A. Lindsay, Gwenan M. Knight

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; horizontal gene transfer; mathematical modelling; epidemiology; microbiology

Online: 6 May 2019 (10:59:05 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0137.v1

FAIR Sharing of Reproducible Models of Epidemic and Pandemic Forecast

Kausthubh Ramachandran, Matthias König, Martin Scharm, Tung V. N. Nguyen, Henning Hermjakob, Dagmar Waltemath, Rahuman S. Malik Sheriff

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: FAIR; epidemiology; models; pandemic forecast; SIR modelling; standards

Online: 9 June 2022 (07:55:55 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0593.v1

Human Fatalities Caused by Hornet, Wasp and Bee Stings in Spain: Epidemiology at State and Sub-state Level from 1999 to 2018

Xesús Feás

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: epidemiology; X23; fatalities; venomous animals; Spain; stings; hornets; wasps; bees; Vespa velutina

Online: 23 December 2020 (15:24:07 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0622.v1

Covid-19 Seroprevalence - Do the Results Advance the Aims?

Gal Almogy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Serology; Seroprevalence; Humoral response; COVID-19; serosurvey; epidemiology

Online: 27 August 2020 (12:47:12 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0015.v1

Mycobacterium bovis Population Structure in Cattle and Local Badgers: Co-localisation and Variation by Farm Type

Georgina Milne, Adrian Allen, Jordon Graham, Raymond Kirke, Carl McCormick, Eleanor Presho, Robin Skuce, Andrew Byrne

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Bovine tuberculosis; molecular epidemiology; spatial; badgers; MLVA; Northern Ireland

Online: 3 June 2020 (09:38:28 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

An Amplicon-Based Approach for the Whole Genome Sequencing of Human Metapneumovirus

Rachel Tulloch, Jen Kok, Ian Carter, Dominic Dwyer, John-Sebastian Eden

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: human metapneumovirus; whole genome sequencing; genomic epidemiology

Online: 3 February 2021 (10:08:44 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

An Ontology to Standardize Nutritional Epidemiologic Research Output: From Paper-Based Standards to Linked Content

Chen Yang, Henry Ambayo, Bernard De Baets, Patrick Kolsteren, Nattapon Thanintorn, Dana Hawwash, Jildau Bouwman, Antoon Bronselaer, Filip Pattyn, Carl Lachat

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: ontology; nutritional epidemiology; minimal data information; data quality descriptors; study reporting guidelines; Semantic Web

Online: 15 May 2019 (05:51:53 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0615.v1

Scaling Dynamics of Human Diseases and Urbanization in Colombia

Alejandro Feged-Rivadeneira, Federico Andrade, Felipe González-Casabianca, Francisco Escobedo

Subject: Social Sciences, Urban Studies And Planning Keywords: Spatial Analyses; Epidemiology; Power laws; Tropical cities

Online: 29 October 2020 (14:03:44 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0261.v1

Tropheryma whipplei in Immunocompromised Children in Iran: A Preliminary Study

Saeed Shams, Nilofar Rezaei, Anna Beltrame, Lucia Moro, Chiara Piubelli, Fahimeh Bagheri Amiri, Saber Esmaeili

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Tropheryma whipplei; epidemiology; children; immunocompromised; Iran

Online: 10 February 2021 (13:44:17 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0056.v1

The Current Status of Cigarette Smoking and Air Pollution Associated Lung Cancer

Fayang Ma

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: lung cancer; cigarette smoking; air pollution; epidemiology; etiology

Online: 6 June 2022 (03:51:38 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0551.v1

Epidemiology of Bovine Mastitis in Selected Major Milk Shade Districts of Arsi Zone, Ethiopia

Behailu Assefa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: Bovine; Epidemiology; Mastitis; Prevalence; Risk factors

Online: 27 January 2021 (10:24:09 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

The data for the study on the epidemiology of bovine mastitis were collected fromNovember 2015 to February 2016 to investigate the prevalence of mastitis in administrative towns of three selected districts of Arsi zone, Oromia Regional State, namely Iteya, Sagure, and Asella, Ethiopia; and to analyze the association between the risk factors and mastitis occurrence. Sample cows were selected and examined for clinical mastitis and at the same time, milk samples were evaluated both clinically and using the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Some parameters of the cows which have biological relation with this disease together with other potential risk factors were collected along with primary data collection. The analysis of the primary data showed that overall mastitis prevalence in the locations covered by the study was 28.6% of which 83.3% was subclinical, while 16.7% were clinical mastitis cases. Analysis related to the investigation of the existence of an association between risk factors and mastitis revealed that there was a significant association between the occurrence of mastitis and two of the risk factors evaluated, breed and age of the cow. The other risk factors investigated (i.e. parity, location, and lactation stage had no significant association with mastitis occurrence). Since mastitis is a complex disease that results from the interaction of different factors, it may be difficult to limit it to only some given factors. Environment and management factors and their combination may also have an additional impact on the epidemiology of the disease. A prevalence with the indicated magnitude together with the added effect of a lower level of awareness of the society about milk-associated zoonoses implies that this disease causes significant public health problems. In addition, mastitis may cause silent economic loss through unnoticed production loss along with reduced milk yield from subclinical and clinical (e.g. blind teats) cases. Due to a lack of awareness about mastitis and/or negligence, farmers in all corners of the country are suffering from economic and public health problems imposed by mastitis. This lack of awareness about mastitis-associated problems and/or negligence could be a possible reason for the use of raw milk which is a common scenario particularly in pastoral areas and the selling of adulterated milk which is becoming increasingly practiced in Ethiopia which is also true in these specific localities.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0383.v1

Associations Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and COVID-19 Infection and Hospitalization Among U.S. Adults

Stuart F. Quan, Matthew Weaver, Mark Czeisler, Laura Barger, Lauren Booker, Mark Howard, Melinda Jackson, Rashon Lane, Christine McDonald, Anna Ridgers, Rebecca Robbins, Prerna Varma, Shantha Rajaratnam, Charles Czeisler

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Obstructive Sleep Apnea; COVID-19; Hospitalization; Infection; Epidemiology

Online: 26 September 2022 (08:02:12 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0352.v1

Incidence, Spatial Pattern and Temporal Progress of Fusarium Wilt of Bananas

Daniel W. Heck, Miguel Dita, Emerson M. Del Ponte, Eduardo S. G. Mizubuti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense; Panama disease; epidemiology; disease impact; loss; yield; management.

Online: 15 July 2021 (10:12:43 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0121.v2

Public Health Policy Pillars for the Sustainable Elimination of Zoonotic Schistosomiasis

Eva Janoušková, Jessica Clark, Olumayowa Kajero, Sergi Alonso, Poppy H. L. Lamberton, Martha Betson, Joaquín M. Prada

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Schistosoma japonicum; Schistosoma mekongi; NTD; epidemiology; economics; sociology; mathematical modelling; zoonotic transmission

Online: 8 February 2022 (14:12:51 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0483.v1

What We Know About Sting-Related Deaths? Human Fatalities Caused by Hornet, Wasp and Bee Stings in Europe (1994-2016)

Xesús Feás, Carmen Vidal, Susana Remesar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Hymenoptera; insect; bee; wasp; hornet; epidemiology; fatalities; venomous animals; public health

Online: 30 December 2021 (12:17:52 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0071.v1

Brain Tumor Epidemiology: Updates from USA, UK and Australia

Sumit Chatterjee, Ranjan Roy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Brain tumor; Epidemiology

Online: 5 October 2021 (08:46:35 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0493.v1

An Overview on SARS-CoV-2 Variants from Alpha to Omicron: Epidemiology, Treatment Plans and Preventive Strategies for Future Pandemic

Siddharthan Selvaraj, Somasundaram Prasadh, Ling Shing Wong, Sinouvassane Djearamane, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan, Shivkanya Fuloria, Mahendran Sekar, Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani, Saminathan Kayarohanam, Vinodhkumar Ramalingam, Suganya Mahadeva Rao, Neeraj Kumar Fuloria

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS CoV-2; Variants; Epidemiology; Treatment Plans; Preventive Strategies

Online: 26 December 2022 (15:48:43 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1616.v1

Harnessing Wastewater Surveillance to Detect Livestock-Linked Viruses

Warish Ahmed, Yawen Liu, Wendy Smith, Wayne Ingall, Michael Belby, Aaron Bivins, Paul Bertsch, David Williams, Kirsty Richards, Stuart Simpson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: wastewater surveillance; livestock; zoonotic pathogens; one health; animal epidemiology

Online: 25 September 2023 (04:58:41 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

Characterization, Management, and Epidemiology of Odontogenic Infections: An Analysis of 103 Cases at a Major Regional Medical Center

Ho-Hyun Sun, Wenli Yu, Sally Sun, Sean Lee, Vincent Farhood, Payam Afzali

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: odontogenic infection; dental abscess; head and neck infection; dental epidemiology; racial discrepancy; gender discrepancy

Online: 2 November 2020 (10:33:47 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Search Results

249 articles found