Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Pandemic Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Challenges and A Global Perspective

Yashpal Singh Malik
* ORCID logo ,
Naveen Kumar
ORCID logo ,
Shubhankar Sircar
ORCID logo ,
Rahul Kaushik
,
Sudipta Bhatt
,
Kuldeep Dhama
ORCID logo ,
Parakriti Gupta
,
Kapil Goyal
,
Mini P. Singh
,
Ujjala Ghoshal
,
Mohamed Ezzat Mahmoud El Zowalaty
,
O.R. Vinodh Kumar
,
Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
ORCID logo ,
Ruchi Tiwari
ORCID logo ,
Mamta Pathak
,
Shailesh Kumar Patel
,
Ranjit Sah
,
Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
ORCID logo ,
Balasubramanian Ganesh
,
Prashant Kumar
,
Raj Kumar Singh
Version 1 : Received: 25 April 2020 / Approved: 26 April 2020 / Online: 26 April 2020 (08:15:23 CEST)

How to cite: Malik, Y.S.; Kumar, N.; Sircar, S.; Kaushik, R.; Bhatt, S.; Dhama, K.; Gupta, P.; Goyal, K.; Singh, M.P.; Ghoshal, U.; El Zowalaty, M.E.M.; Vinodh Kumar, O.; Yatoo, M.I.; Tiwari, R.; Pathak, M.; Patel, S.K.; Sah, R.; Rodriguez-Morales, A.J.; Ganesh, B.; Kumar, P.; Singh, R.K. Pandemic Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Challenges and A Global Perspective. Preprints 2020, 2020040469. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202004.0469.v1 Malik, Y.S.; Kumar, N.; Sircar, S.; Kaushik, R.; Bhatt, S.; Dhama, K.; Gupta, P.; Goyal, K.; Singh, M.P.; Ghoshal, U.; El Zowalaty, M.E.M.; Vinodh Kumar, O.; Yatoo, M.I.; Tiwari, R.; Pathak, M.; Patel, S.K.; Sah, R.; Rodriguez-Morales, A.J.; Ganesh, B.; Kumar, P.; Singh, R.K. Pandemic Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Challenges and A Global Perspective. Preprints 2020, 2020040469. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202004.0469.v1

Abstract

The technology-driven world of the 21st century is currently confronted with a major threat to humankind in the form of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of April 22, 2020, COVID-19 has claimed 169, 006 human lives and had spread to over 200 countries with more than 2,471,136 confirmed cases. The perpetually increasing figures associated with COVID-19 are disrupting the social and economic systems globally. The losses are unmatched and significantly higher compared to those from previously encountered pathogenic infections. Previously, two CoVs (SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV) affected the human population in 2002 and 2012 in China and Saudi Arabia, respectively. Based on genomic similarities, animal-origin CoVs, primarily those infecting bats, civet cats, and pangolins, were presumed to be the source of emerging human CoVs, including the SARS-CoV-2. The cohesive approach amongst virologists, bioinformaticians, big data analysts, epidemiologists, and public health researchers across the globe has delivered high-end viral diagnostics. Similarly, vaccines and therapeutics against COVID-19 are currently in the pipeline for clinical trials. The rapidly evolving and popular technology of artificial intelligence played a major role in confirming and countering the COVID-19 pandemic using digital technologies and mathematical algorithms. In this review, we discuss the noteworthy advancements in the mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the etiological viral agent, comparative genomic analysis, population susceptibility, disease epidemiology, animal reservoirs, laboratory animal models, disease transmission, diagnosis using artificial intelligence interventions, therapeutics and vaccines, and disease mitigation measures to combat disease dissemination.

Keywords

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; COVID-2019; epidemiology; pathobiology; clinical profile; phyloanalysis; artificial intelligence; diagnosis; vaccines; therapeutics

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Virology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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