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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0482.v1

Biology of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) On Several Types of Plant Feed: Potency as a Pest on Various Plants

Danar Dono, Retno Wulansari, Yusup Hidayat

Subject: Biology, Entomology Keywords: Fall army worm; insect biology; life table; nutritional indices; host suitability

Online: 28 March 2023 (10:11:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0481.v1

IRAPs in Combination with Highly Informative ISSRs Confer Effective Potentials for Genetic Diversity and Fidelity Assessment in Rhododendron

Sulin Wen, Hong Zhao, Manying Zhang, Guang Qiao, Xiaohui Shen

Subject: Biology, Horticulture Keywords: genetic fidelity; genetic diversity; IRAP; ISSR; Rhododendron

Online: 28 March 2023 (09:56:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0480.v1

Technologies and Data Analytics to Manage Grain Quality On-Farm: A Review

Cassandra Kiely Walker, Sahand Assadzadeh, Ashley Wallace, Audrey J Delahunty, Alexander Clancy, Linda McDonald, Glenn J Fitzgerald, James G Nuttall, Joe Panozzo

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: In-field; Spectroscopy; Image analysis; Machine Learning; Protein; Grain size.; Grain colour

Online: 28 March 2023 (09:39:53 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0136.v2

Biocontainment Techniques and Applications for Yeast Biotechnology

Guilherme Pavão, Isabela Sfalcin, Diego Bonatto

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: Biocontainment; Genetically Engineered Microorganisms; Genetically Modified Yeasts; Synthetic Biology; Gene Circuits; Auxotrophies; Kill Switches

Online: 27 March 2023 (14:08:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0295.v2

In Silico Analysis Identified bZIP Transcription Factors under Abiotic Stress in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Atit Parajuli, Bhabesh Borphukan, Karen Sanguinet, Zhiwu Zhang

Subject: Biology, Plant Sciences Keywords: Alfalfa; bZIP transcription factor; phylogenetic analysis; expression pattern; abiotic stress

Online: 27 March 2023 (08:37:10 CEST)

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most cultivated forage legume around the world. Under a variety of growing conditions, forage yield in alfalfa is stymied by biotic and abiotic stresses including heat, salt, drought, and disease. Given the sessile nature of plants, they use strategies such as differential gene expression to respond to environmental cues. Transcription factors control the expression of genes that contribute to or enable tolerance and survival during periods of stress. Basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors have been demonstrated to play a critical role in regulating plant growth and development as well as mediate the responses to abiotic stress in several species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Lotus japonicus, and Medicago truncatula. However, there is little information about bZIP transcription factors in cultivated alfalfa. In the present study, 237 bZIP genes were identified in alfalfa from publicly available sequencing data. Multiple sequence alignments showed the presence of intact bZIP motifs in the identified sequences. Based on previous phylogenetic analyses in Arabidopsis thaliana, alfalfa bZIPs were similarly divided and fell into 10 groups. The physicochemical properties, motif analysis, and phylogenetic study of the alfalfa bZIPs revealed high specificity within groups. The differential expression of alfalfa bZIPs in a suite of tissues indicates that particular bZIP genes are specifically expressed at different developmental stages in alfalfa. Similarly, expression analysis in response to ABA, cold, drought, and salt stresses, indicates that a subset of bZIP genes are also differentially expressed and likely play a role in abiotic stress signaling and/or tolerance. These expression patterns were further verified by qRT-PCR. However, further functional characterization of bZIP transcription factors in alfalfa will help illuminate the role they play in stress tolerance mechanisms in legumes and facilitate the molecular breeding of stress tolerance in alfalfa.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0446.v1

Summation Laws in Biological Systems

Hans V. Westerhoff

Subject: Biology, Physiology Keywords: Control coefficients; Metabolic Control Analysis; Systems Biology; Genomics; Pharmacokinetic principles; systems biology and PBPK; time-dependent control analysis

Online: 27 March 2023 (05:04:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0443.v1

A Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Dog Rabies in Northeast Tunisia

Sana Kalthoum, Raja Gharbi, Mehdi Ben Ali, Imed Ben Sliman, Nouha Haboubi, Khaoula Barrak, Khalil Fakhfekh, Rafika Ben Romdhane, Habiba El Hechri, Salma Boughanemi, Chedia Seghaier, Chokri Bahloul

Subject: Biology, Animal Sciences & Zoology Keywords: Rabies; dogs; Tunisia; risk factors; odds ratio; case-control study

Online: 27 March 2023 (04:06:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0440.v1

Aiding Cancer’s “Sweet Tooth”: Role of Hexokinases in Metabolic Reprogramming

Zeenat Farooq, Hagar Ismail, Sheraz Bhat, Brian Layden, Md. Wasim Khan

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: Cancer metabolism; HKDC1; Hexokinases; glucose metabolism; metabolic reprogramming

Online: 27 March 2023 (03:46:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0415.v1

Biblical Perspectives as a Guide to Research on Life’s Origin and History

Hugh Ross

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: spacetime theorems; naturalism; abiogenesis; panspermia; process structuralism; Cambrian explosion; amino acids; homochirality; hand of God dilemma

Online: 23 March 2023 (13:40:22 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0413.v1

Revolutionizing Coral Research: The Power of Holo-Omics

Mohammad M. Binsarhan

Subject: Biology, Ecology Keywords: Coral; Holo-omics; Omics; Meta-omics; microbiota

Online: 23 March 2023 (11:15:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0412.v1

Mass Mortality of Asari Clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) Triggered by Wind-Induced Upwelling of Hypoxic Water Masses: Implication of Hydrogen Sulfide Release Associated With Biogenic Organic Loads

Ryota Sone, Dai Miyawaki, Toshiro Ishida, Satroru Kamohara, Mitsuyasu Waku, Tetsunori Inoue, Teruaki Suzuki

Subject: Biology, Ecology Keywords: asari clams; upwelling of hypoxic water masses; mass mortality; hydrogen sulfide; chain of biological die-off

Online: 23 March 2023 (09:49:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0398.v1

The Influence of Wild Ungulates on Forest Regeneration in an Alpine National Park

Jeannine Fluri, Pia Anderwald, Fränzi Korner-Nievergelt, Sonja Wipf, Valentin Amrhein

Subject: Biology, Ecology Keywords: browsing; alpine forest; elevation; tree rejuvenation; ungulate management; protected area

Online: 22 March 2023 (13:34:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0386.v1

Investigating the Effects of Feeding Two Sources of Omega-3 on Feed Intake, Digestibility, and Blood Metabolites of Horses

Hamid Ghaem Maghami Farahani, Mehdi Dehghan-Banadaky, Elham Paknia, Valiollah Mahdavi-Zafarghandi

Subject: Biology, Animal Sciences & Zoology Keywords: Horse; Fat powder; Flaxseed oil; Feed intake; Digestibility; Blood metabolites

Online: 22 March 2023 (02:43:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0382.v1

Combinatorial Effect of Multiple Variables on Carotenoids and Lipids Up-Regulation in Monoraphidium sp. for Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Applications

Kushi Yadav, Shashi Kumar, Ganesh Chandrakant Nikalje, Monika Prakash Rai

Subject: Biology, Plant Sciences Keywords: Microalgae; Monoraphidium sp.; Abiotic stress; Biomass; Carotenoids; Lipids

Online: 22 March 2023 (01:49:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0512.v2

Fewer and Farther Between: Decoupling Changing Abundance and Timing to Characterize Distributional Patterns and Movements of Longfin Smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) In the San Francisco Estuary

Vanessa Tobias, Randall Baxter

Subject: Biology, Ecology Keywords: fish; functional data analysis; long-term monitoring; habitat; occupancy; modeling; California

Online: 21 March 2023 (10:25:11 CET)

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Coincident changes in abundance and behavior pose a challenge for interpreting abundance data from monitoring programs. In the San Francisco Estuary, long-term monitoring documented the declines of many species including the anadromous Longfin Smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys). We identified seasonal patterns in reginal presence of Longfin Smelt through its life cycle using monitoring data and generalized additive modelling. We then investigated the year-to-year variability in the seasonal patterns of presence using functional data analysis (FDA). FDA separated the variability due to population size from variability due to differences in timing of presence. We found that Longfin Smelt have consistent seasonal distribution patterns and that two trawl types were needed to accurately describe those patterns. After accounting for variability due to year-class strength, shifts in the timing of presence were evident in three regions. The most variable period for the upstream regions Suisun Bay and West Delta was for age-0 fish in summer and for the downstream region Central Bay was for age-0 fish in late fall. This manifested as a delay in the typical fall re-occupation of upstream regions that comprise the study area for another monitoring study (Fall Midwater Trawl). Thus, a portion of the recent reductions in Fall Midwater Trawl abundance of Longfin Smelt resulted from changes in behavior rather than a decline in abundance. The presence of multiple monitoring surveys allowed analysis of distribution from one data set to aid interpretation of patterns in abundance from another monitoring survey. This study highlights how identifying portions of the life cycle with the most and least variability in distribution can help inform the types of management strategies that will be most effective. It also illustrates an analytical method that can be used to address the problem of confounded effects of abundance and behavior on patterns in monitoring data.

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0372.v1

Choosing the Best Model for Crop Yield Prediction by the Means of Regression Analysis on the Example of “Crop Yield – Water Use” Simulations Through Best Subsets Approach

Pavlo Lykhovyd, Raisa Vozhehova, Olena Piliarska, Sergiy Zaiets

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: agricultural modeling; fitting quality; function; grain corn; prediction accuracy; soybeans; winter wheat

Online: 21 March 2023 (07:10:49 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0371.v1

Nuclei on the Rise: When Nuclei-Based Methods Meet Next-Generation Sequencing

Tamer Butto, Kanak Mungikar, Peter Baumann, Jennifer Winter, Beat Lutz, Susanne Gerber

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: Nuclei isolation; Next-generation sequencing; Cell-type specific isolation; Epigenetics; Transcriptomics; Single cell sequencing; Single nucleus sequencing

Online: 21 March 2023 (06:40:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0355.v1

Integrating Multi-Omics Analysis for Enhanced Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioblastoma: A Comprehensive Data-Driven Approach

Amir Barzegar Behrooz, Hamid Latifi-Navid, Simone C Da Silva Rosa, Maciej Swiat, Emilia Wiechec, Carla Vitorino, Rui Vitorino, Zahra Jamalpoor, Saeid Ghavami

Subject: Biology, Physiology Keywords: glioblastoma; biomarker selection; metabolomics; pathway analysis; personalized therapy; network analysis; inflammationomics

Online: 20 March 2023 (09:09:49 CET)

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The most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults is glioblastoma (GBM), which has poor overall survival (OS). There is a high relapse rate among patients with GBM despite maxi-mally safe surgery, radiation therapy, temozolomide (TMZ), and aggressive treatment. Hence, there is an urgent and unmet clinical need for new approaches to managing GBM. The current study identified modules (MYC, EGFR, PIK3CA, SUZ12, and SPRK2) involved in GBM disease through the NeDRex plugin. Furthermore, hub genes were identified in a comprehensive interaction network containing 7,560 proteins related to GBM disease and 3,860 proteins associated with signaling pathways involved in GBM. By integrating the results of the aforementioned analyses and performing centrality analysis again, eleven key genes involved in GBM disease were identi-fied. ProteomicsDB or Gliovis databases were used for determining the gene expression in normal or tumor brain tissue. The NetworkAnalyst and the mGWAS-Explorer tools identified miRNAs, SNPs, and metabolites associated with these 11 genes. Moreover, a literature review of recent studies revealed other lists of metabolites related to GBM disease. The enrichment analysis of iden-tified genes, miRNAs, and metabolites associated with GBM disease was done using ExpressAna-lyst, miEAA, and MetaboAnalyst tools. Further investigation of metabolite roles in GBM was done through the pathway, joint pathway, and network analyses. The results of this study identified 11 genes (UBC, HDAC1, CTNNB1, TRIM28, CSNK2A1, RBBP4, TP53, APP, DAB1, PINK1, and RELN), five miRNAs (hsa-mir-221-3p, hsa-mir-30a-5p, hsa-mir-15a-5p, hsa-mir-130a-3p, hsa-let-7b-5p), six metabolites (HDL, N6-acetyl-L-lysine, cholesterol, formate, N, N-dimethylglycine/xylose and X2. piperidinone) and 15 distinct signaling pathways that play an indispensable role in the GBM disease development. To establish early diagnostic methods and plan personalized GBM treatment strategies, the identified top genes-miRNAs and metabolite signatures can be targeted.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0337.v1

Partitional Clustering and Differential Abundance Analysis Reveal the Community Structure of eDNA in the Los Angeles River

Savanah Senn, Sharmodeep Bhattacharyya, Gerald Presley, Anne E. Taylor, Rayne Stanis, Kelly Pangell, Daila Melendez, Jillian Ford

Subject: Biology, Ecology Keywords: metabarcoding; statistical modeling; urban river ecology

Online: 20 March 2023 (03:30:47 CET)

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In this study we sought to investigate the impact of urbanization, presence of concrete river bottom, and nutrient pollution on microbial communities along the L.A. River. Six molecular markers were evaluated for identification of bacteria, plants, fungi, fish, and invertebrates in 90 samples. PCA (principal components analysis) was used with PAM (partitioning around medoids) clustering to reveal community structure and an NB (Negative binomial) model in DESeq2 was used for differential abundance analysis. PCA and factor analysis exposed the main axes of variation but were sensitive to outliers. Differential abundance of Proteobacteria was associated with soft bottom sites, and there was an apparent balance in the abundance of organisms responsible for nitrogen cycling. Nitrogen cycling was explained by differential abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea, the complete ammonia oxidizers Nitrospira sp., nitrate reducing bacteria Marmoricola sp., and nitrogen fixing bacteria Devosia sp. which were differentially abundant at soft-bottom sites (p adj < 0.002). In contrast, differential abundance of several Cyanobacteria and other anoxygenic phototrophs was associated with the concrete bottom sites, which suggested the accumulation of excess nitrogen. The soft bottom sites tended to be represented by differential abundance of aerobes, whereas the concrete-associated species tended to be alkaliphilic, saliniphilic, calciphilic, sulfate dependent, and anaerobic. In Glendale Narrows, downstream from multiple water reclamation plants, there were differential abundance of cyanobacteria and algae, however indicator species for low nutrient environments and ammonia-abundance were also present. There was differential abundance of ascomycetes associated with Arroyo Seco and a differential abundance of Scenedesmaceae green algae and cyanobacteria in Maywood, in the analysis which compared suburban with urban river communities. The proportion of Ascomycota to Basidiomycota within the LA River differed from the expected proportion based on published worldwide freshwater and river 18S data; the shift in community structure was most likely associated with the extremes of urbanization. This study indicates that extreme urbanization can result in overrepresentation of cyanobacterial species that could cause reductions in water quality and safety.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0330.v1

Vector Competence of Aedes albopictus for Yellow Fever Virus: Risk of Reemergence of Urban Yellow Fever in Brazil

Rossela Damasceno Caldeira, Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto, Carine Fortes Aragão, Maria Nazaré Oliveira Freitas, Milene Silveira Ferreira, Paulo Henrique Gomes de Castro, Daniel Damous Dias, Pedro Arthur da Silva Araújo, Roberto Carlos Feitosa Brandão, Bruno Tardelli Diniz Nunes, Eliana Vieira Pinto da Silva, Lívia Caricio Martins, Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos, Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz

Subject: Biology, Entomology Keywords: infecção experimental; Aedes albopictus; febre amarela; reemergência; RT‒qPCR; isolamento viral

Online: 20 March 2023 (02:01:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0280.v1

Salinity as a Key Factor in Structuring Macrophyte Assemblages in Transitional Water Bodies: The Case of the Apulian Coastal Lagoons (Southern Italy)

Andrea Tursi, Anna Lisco, Giovanni Chimienti, Francesco Mastrototaro, Nicola Ungaro, Antonella Bottalico

Subject: Biology, Plant Sciences Keywords: transitional water ecosystems; coastal lagoons; biodiversity; typology; aquatic vegetation; abiotic factors; benthic communities; conservation; environmental variability

Online: 15 March 2023 (10:08:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0278.v1

Genetic Diversity Assessment of Winged Bean Accessions Using Agronomic and Seed Morphometric Traits

Ayomide Ajoke Bhadmus, Michael Terrence Abberton, Emmanuel Ohiosinmuan Idehen, Ukoabasi Ekanem, Rajneesh Paliwal, Olaniyi A. Oyatomi

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Genetic diversity; Underutilized legume; Multispectral imaging system; Agro-morphological traits; Winged bean; Morphometric traits

Online: 15 March 2023 (10:04:35 CET)

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The winged bean is an underutilized legume that has the potential to contribute to nutrition and food security globally, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, very little research attention is paid to exploiting its full potential due to a lack of adequate knowledge of the existing genetic diversity in the available winged bean germplasm. To bridge this gap, seed morphometric and selected agro-morphological traits which are crucial for yield and seed quality determination in crop plants were used to assess the genetic diversity of thirty accessions of winged bean sourced from the Gene bank of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan. The thirty winged accessions were evaluated under field trials at three agro-ecological zones in Nigeria. The agro-morphological data as well as the seed morphometric dataset obtained from a Multi-Spectral Imaging (MSI) system were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Principal Component (PC) analysis, cluster analysis, and correlation analysis. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among the accessions for all measured traits. The first three PCs accounted for 93% of the variation observed among the accessions for all measured traits. Accessions were grouped into three clusters based on the agro- morphological traits and three clusters under the MSI system. Seed yield per plant had the highest estimates of significant positive correlation with hundred seed weight, pod weight per plant, etc. at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. TPt-31 had the highest seed yield per plant, pod weight per plant, and early maturity while TPt-7 had an extended flowering and maturity period, the highest number of pods per peduncle and pods per plant as well as the lowest seed yield. These accessions could serve as a good resource for future winged bean improvement programs. The result also confirmed that the MSI system is an invaluable tool for discriminating among accessions of the same crop species.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0274.v1

Leaf Gas Exchange and Photosystem II Fluorescence Responses to CO₂ Cycling

James Bunce

Subject: Biology, Plant Sciences Keywords: elevated CO2; fluctuation; photosynthesis; stomatal conductance; photosystem II; cycling; fluorescence

Online: 15 March 2023 (08:57:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0159.v2

A Potential Entomological and Epidemiological Drivers for Reemergence of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Ethiopia after 55 Years

Abate Waldetensai, Ebise Abose, Abebe Getachew, Henok Tadesse, Behabilom Meharenet", Moges Hidoto, Hailemariam Difabachew, Araya Eukubay, Alemayehu Kassahun, Geremew Gonfa, Tesfa Wakgari, Nigus Manaye, Tsegalem Hailemichael, Kokeb Kore, Netsanet Asfaw, Jemal Hassen, Wondu Mengesha, Daniel Tsega, Adugna Abera, Belachew Bokecho, Fiseha Lemango, Tihitina Mamecha, Frezer Teka, Kelelaw Achamyeleh, Tariku Melese, Yimer Mulugeta, Mesfin Wossen, Feyisa Regassa, Geremew Tasew, Abraham Ali

Subject: Biology, Animal Sciences & Zoology Keywords: Trypanosomiasis; Tsetse fly; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense; Human; Animal; Ethiopia

Online: 15 March 2023 (08:00:04 CET)

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Background: Sleeping Sickness, Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a vector- borne disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei (T.b). Sleeping sickness in Ethiopia was reported in 1967 for the first time. Recently in Southern parts of Ethiopia, in August 2022, five (5) cases of sleeping sickness (T. b. rhodesiense) were confirmed. Following this outbreak, the current investigation was aimed to identify the entomological and epidemiological drivers for the reemergence of HAT outbreak and recommend appropriate interventions. Methods: A cross sectional study design with descriptive data analysis was used. Tsetse fly collection and blood samples from cattle animals were taken. NGU and bio-conical traps were used to determine the distribution (density and abundance) of the vector. About 10μl of blood was collected from the marginal ear vein of 301 cattle animals using the heparinized microhematocrit capillary. The parasite detection was carried out through vector dissection under binocular stereo-microscope (magnification of 60X) and microscopic examination from serum of Animals using the Buffy coat method. Results: A total of 329 tsetse flies were captured and identified to Glosina (G.) pallidipes 259 (60.4%) and Glossina fuscipes 70 (16.3%). 188 (51.1%) of tsetse flies were collected from Dembagofa with 94 apparent density. Among all captured Tsetse flies, 39 (11.8%) of Tsetse were fed with high female apparent density in each ecological variation: wood land (51), Bush land (20) and grassland (11). Overall, the apparent density of tsetse fly was high in Wood land (93): G. pallidipes (76.5) and Bush land (36.5). Among all examined cattles for the presence of parasite, 9 cattles were detected positive with an overall prevalence of 3%. T. congolense 6 (2%) and T. vivax 1 (0.3%) with 2 (0.7%) suspected brucei. The parasite prevalence Trypanosoma was 4 (4.6%) in poor body condition (Bcs) cattle. The animals in the age range 5 - 9 years were infected high with 7 (5.3%) prevalence. Conclusion: The current study revealed that there are high-risk factors that predispose the community to Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) due to the presence of two different species of Tsetse flies and many animal reservoirs. The transmissions of Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are related to environmental, Vector, and human factors. Further geographically expanded investigation should be conducted throughout the country.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0270.v1

Genomic Analysis of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Nigeria: Identification of Unique Mutations of Yet Unknown Biological Functions in Both Segments A and B

Ijeoma Nwagbo, Adelaide Milani, Annalisa Salviato, Gianpiero Zamperin, Lanre Sulaiman, Nanven Maurice, Clement Meseko, Alice Fusaro, Ismaila Shittu

Subject: Biology, Animal Sciences & Zoology Keywords: genome sequence; infectious bursal disease virus; Nigeria; phylogenetic analysis; poultry; segments A and B

Online: 15 March 2023 (07:49:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0261.v1

The Effect of pH Value on Fertilized Eggs, Larva Fish and Juvenile Fish of Takifugu obscurus

Xianghui Kong, Feng He, Haoshuai Li

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Takifugu obscurus; pH; Fertilized egg; Larva fish; Juvenile fish; Saline–alkaline land

Online: 14 March 2023 (14:18:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0251.v1

Analysis of Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Traits of Salt Stress Tolerance in Asian Rice Cultivars at Different Stages

Maha A. Alshiekheid, Yheni Dwiningsih, Jawaher Alkahtani

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Asian rice; salt stress; morphology; physiology; biochemistry

Online: 14 March 2023 (06:51:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0250.v1

Insecticidal and Synergistic Potential of Three Monoterpenoids Against the Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Cu-Licidae), and the House Fly, Musca domestica

Oshneil S. Baker, Edmund J. Norris, Edwin R. Burgess IV

Subject: Biology, Entomology Keywords: Aedes aegypti; Musca domestica; house fly; toxicology; natural products; insecticide synergists

Online: 14 March 2023 (06:34:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0248.v1

Factor in fear? Interference competition in polymorphic spadefoot toad tadpoles and its potential role in disruptive selection

Alexandru Strugariu, Ryan Andrew Martin

Subject: Biology, Ecology Keywords: anuran; competition; disruptive selection; diversification; fear; phenotypic plasticity; resource polymorphism; specialization

Online: 14 March 2023 (06:17:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0229.v1

Creation of Stress-Resistant Mutant Forms for Rice Breeding by Irradiating Seeds with Ionizing Radiation and Treating Them with Salinity and Drought Factors

Nurbol Appazov, Anastasiya Kruglyak, Yulia Aleksiayenak, Kurmanbek Bakiruly, Aidos Zhalbyrov, Gulsim Baimbetova, Zeinolla Yershin, Yury Gledenov, Aleksandr Doroshkevich

Subject: Biology, Plant Sciences Keywords: rice; variety; selection; mutagenesis; gamma rays; fast neutrons; salinity; drought tolerance

Online: 13 March 2023 (10:28:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0209.v1

Uncovering Taste-Active Metabolites in Chili Sauce Fermentation Through Metabolomics and Web-based Computing Tools Analysis

Jiaqi Wang, Sen Mei, Chi Jin, Muhammad Aamer Mehmood, Qing Zhang, Tao Hu, Weili Li, Tao Wu

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: chili sauce; Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; feature-based molecular network; metabolomics; taste

Online: 13 March 2023 (03:09:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0204.v1

Copper-Contaminated Substrate Biosorption by Penicillium sp. Isolated From Kefir Grains

Antonio Ferreira de Oliveira, Raquellyne Baia Machado, Adriana Maciel Ferreira, Iracirema da Silva Sena, Maria Eduarda Silveira, Ana Maria Santos de Almeida, Francinaldo S. Braga, Alex Bruno Lobato Rodrigues, Roberto Messias Bezerra, Irlon Maciel Ferreira, Alexandro Cezar Florentino

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: Bioremediation; copper nitrate; Penicillium sp.; kefir; inorganic contaminant.

Online: 13 March 2023 (02:18:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0192.v1

The Human Extracellular Matrix Diseasome Reveals Genotype-Phenotype Associations with Clinical Implications for Age-Related Diseases

Cyril Statzer, Karan Luthria, Arastu Sharma, Maricel G. Kann, Collin Y. Ewald

Subject: Biology, Physiology Keywords: Phenome; Matrisome; Matreotype; Phenotype; Extracellular Matrix; Data Mining; SNP; PheWAS; GWAS; Electronic Health Records; Drug Repurposing; Precision Medicine; Collagen; Human

Online: 10 March 2023 (09:34:15 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0190.v1

Biochemical Characteristics of Laccases and their Practical Application in the Removal of Xenobiotics from Waters

Agnieszka Gałązka, Urszula Jankiewicz, Andrzej Szczepkowski

Subject: Biology, Ecology Keywords: laccase; xenobiotics; protein engineering

Online: 10 March 2023 (09:10:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0178.v1

A Multivariate Approach to Determining and Predicting the Internal Postharvest Quality of Hass Avocado

Pablo Rodríguez, Iris Soto, Jairo Villamizar, Alexander Rebolledo

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: ripening heterogeneity; Hass avocado; quality predictive markers; internal disorders; fruit composition

Online: 9 March 2023 (12:55:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0168.v1

Genome-Resolved Metagenomics of Nitrogen Transformations in the Switchgrass Rhizosphere Microbiome on Marginal Lands

Richard Allen White III, Aaron Garoutte, Emily E. Mclachlan, Lisa K. Tiemann, Sarah Evans, Maren L. Friesen

Subject: Biology, Plant Sciences Keywords: rhizosphere; phyllosphere; metagenomics; microbiome; nutrient cycling; metagenomic assembled-genomes (MAGs); nitrogen-fixation; nitrogen

Online: 9 March 2023 (06:30:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0159.v1

The Emerging Roles of the Cephalic Neural Crest in Brain Development and Developmental Encephalopathies

Emmanuel Bruet, Diego Amarante-Silva, Tatiana Gorojankina, Sophie Creuzet

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: neural crest; mesectoderm; embryology; evolution; forebrain development

Online: 9 March 2023 (01:25:14 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0144.v1

Humulus lupulus and Microbes: Exploring Biotic Causes for Hop Creep

Jessica Young, William R.M. Oakley, Glen Fox

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: Humulus lupulus; hop creep; beer; brewing; plant microbial community; glycosyl hydrolase; hop processing

Online: 8 March 2023 (03:38:36 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0136.v1

Biocontainment Techniques and Applications for Yeast Biotechnology

Guilherme Pavão, Isabela Sfalcin, Diego Bonatto

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: Biocontainment; Genetically Engineered Microorganisms; Genetically Modified Yeasts; Synthetic Biology; Gene Circuits; Auxotrophies; Kill Switches

Online: 7 March 2023 (16:03:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0134.v1

Effects of Different Altitudes on Essential Oil Composition of Origanum majorana Species

Emel Karaca Öner, Meryem Yeşil

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: altitude; components; essential oil; linalool; Origanum majorana

Online: 7 March 2023 (13:44:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0132.v1

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Sylvatic Rodents in Poland Using Molecular and Serological Methods

Joanna Nowicka, Daniela Antolová, Anna Lass, Beata Biernat, Karolina Baranowicz, Aleksander Goll, Martyna Krupińska, Bartłomiej Ferra, Aneta Strachecka, Jerzy M. Behnke, Anna Bajer, Maciej Grzybek

Subject: Biology, Ecology Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii; rodents; rodent-borne diseases; environment contamination; biomonitoring; wildlife; molecular detection; PCR assay; nested-PCR assay prevalence; serological detection; agglutination test; ELISA method; seroprevalence

Online: 7 March 2023 (09:38:21 CET)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0107.v1

From Dearth to Excess: The Rise of Obesity in an Ultra-Processed Food System

Kevin Hall

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: Obesity; food system; agriculture; ultra-processed food

Online: 6 March 2023 (14:07:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0102.v1

Density and Bleaching of Corals and Their Relationship to the Coral Symbiotic Community

Temir A. Britayev¹, Roman A. Petrochenko, Yulia Burmistrova, Thanh Hai Nguyen, Fedor V. Lishchenko

Subject: Biology, Animal Sciences & Zoology Keywords: Symbionts Pocillopora verrucose; Diversity; Species richness; Abundance; Obligate sym-biont; Facultative symbiont

Online: 6 March 2023 (10:08:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0093.v1

Extracellular Vesicle microRNA Biomarkers of Late Post-sepsis Survivors

Talita Souza-Siqueira, Raquel Bragante Gritte, Eleine Weimann, Juliana de Camargo Vieira, Laureane Nunes Masi, Fernanda Teixeira Borges, Rodrigo Cerqueira Borges, Gilson Masahiro Murata, Laiane Cristina dos Santos de Oliveira, Silvana Bordin, Eliane Borges da Silva, Renata Gorjão, Adriana Cristina Levada-Pires, Antônio Carlos Nogueira, Tânia Cristina Pithon-Curi, Ricardo Bentes Azevedo, Rui Curi, Marcel Cerqueira Cesar Machado, Francisco Garcia Soriano

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: septicemia; septic shock; post-sepsis syndrome; cytokines; inflammation

Online: 6 March 2023 (06:43:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0075.v1

A Framework Proposal for the Ex-post Evaluation of a Solution-Driven Pes Scheme. The Case of Medvednica Nature Park

Stefano Bruzzese, Iva Tolić Mandić, Sanja Tisma, Simone Blanc, Filippo Brun, Dijana Vuletić

Subject: Biology, Forestry Keywords: Forest ecosystem services; Tourism; Recreational activities; Health; Methodological framework; Nature park; Protected area

Online: 3 March 2023 (13:31:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0064.v1

Observation of a 10-day Therapeutic Fast of An Obese Female

Alison Purvis, Alan Ruddock, Dave Hembrough, Mayur Ranchordas, David Claxton

Subject: Biology, Physiology Keywords: Fasting; weight loss; obese; ketones.

Online: 3 March 2023 (09:08:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0049.v1

Dietary and Sexual Correlates of Gut Microbiota in the Japa-Nese Gecko, Gekko japonicus (Schlegel, 1836)

Xin-Ru Jiang, Ying-Yu Dai, Yu-Rong Wang, Kun Guo, Yu Du, Jian-Fang Gao, Long-Hui Lin, Peng Li, Hong Li, Xiang Ji, Yan-Fu Qu

Subject: Biology, Animal Sciences & Zoology Keywords: ASVs; diet habit; Gekko japonicus; gut microbiota; sex

Online: 3 March 2023 (01:31:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0048.v1

A Deep Learning Method for Predicting the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Antimicrobial Peptides against Escherichia coli using Multi-Branch-CNN and Attention

Jielu Yan, Bob Zhang, Mingliang Zhou, Francois-Xavier Campbell-Valois, Shirley W.I. Siu

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations; Deep Learning; Regression; Antimicrobial peptides; Drug Discovery

Online: 3 March 2023 (01:29:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0036.v1

Effect of Transplanting Date on Agronomic and Grain Quality Traits Using Early Maturing Rice Varieties

Yeotae Yun, Gyucheol Kim, Giwon Cho, Tugsang Yun

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: early maturing rice; transplanting date; yield; quality; protein

Online: 2 March 2023 (06:44:04 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0006.v1

Echoes of the 2013–2015 Marine Heat Wave in the Eastern Bering Sea and Consequent Biological Responses

Igor M. Belkin, Jeffrey W. Short

Subject: Biology, Ecology Keywords: Marine heat waves; Northeast Pacific; Gulf of Alaska; Bering Sea; Polar Front; Climate Change; Sea surface temperature; Sea ice; Cold pool; Regime shifts

Online: 1 March 2023 (03:05:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0005.v1

A Re-Inventory After 12 Years – Increase in Red Wood Ant Nests and Woodpecker Cavities in Nests in the West Eifel Volcanic Field Despite Climatic Changes

Gabriele M. Berberich, Martin B. Berberich

Subject: Biology, Entomology Keywords: Red wood ants (Formica rufa-group); tree age classes; West Eifel Volcanic Field; herbaceous layer; woodpecker cavities; clearings; re-inventory; climate change

Online: 1 March 2023 (02:57:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0505.v1

Tomato Defence Suppression is a Common Trait in Tetranychus urticae Collected from Field-Grown Tomatoes

Jéssica Teodoro-Paulo, Carlos Fernandes, Lin Dong, Sara Magalhães, Alison B. Duncan, Juan M. Alba, Merijn R. Kant

Subject: Biology, Ecology Keywords: phylogeny; salivary effectors; effector 84; genetic diversity

Online: 28 February 2023 (04:44:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0499.v1

Penicillium citrinum Provides Transkingdom Growth Benefits in Choy Sum (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis)

Keyu Gu, Cheng-Yen Chen, Poonguzhali Selvaraj, Shruti Pavagadhi, Yoon Ting Yeap, Sanjay Swarup, Wenhui Zheng, Naweed I. Naqvi

Subject: Biology, Plant Sciences Keywords: Choy Sum; Penicillium citrinum; growth promotion; gibberellin; cytokinin; phytohormone

Online: 28 February 2023 (03:22:23 CET)

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Soil-borne beneficial microbes establish symbioses with plant hosts, and play key roles during growth and development therein. In this study, two fungal strains, FLP7 and B9, were isolated from the rhizosphere microbiome associated with Choy Sum (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), respectively. Sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer and 18S ribosomal RNA genes combined with colony and conidial morphology identified FLP7 and B9 to be Penicillium citrinum strains/isolates. Plant-fungus interaction assays revealed that isolate B9 showed significant growth promotion effects in Choy Sum plants cultivated in normal soil, as well as under phosphate-limiting conditions. In comparison to the mock control, B9-inoculated plants showed a 34% increase in growth in aerial parts, and an 85% upsurge in the fresh weight of roots when cultivated in sterilized soil. The dry biomass of such fungus-inoculated Choy Sum increased by 39% and 74% for the shoots and roots, respectively. Root colonization assays showed that P. citrinum associates directly with the root surface but does not enter or invade the root cortex of the inoculated Choy Sum plants. Preliminary results also indicated that P. citrinum can promote growth in Choy Sum via volatile metabolites too. Interestingly, we detected relatively higher amounts of gibberellins and cytokinins in axenic P. citrinum culture filtrates through liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry analyses. This could plausibly explain the overall growth induction in P. citrinum-inoculated Choy Sum plants. Furthermore, the phenotypic growth defects associated with the Arabidopsis ga1 mutant could be chemically complemented by the exogenous application of P. citrinum culture filtrate, which also showed accumulation of fungus-derived active gibberellins. Our study underscores the importance of transkingdom beneficial effects of such mycobiome-assisted nutrient assimilation, and beneficial fungus-derived phytohormone-like metabolites in induction of robust growth in urban farmed crops.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0493.v1

Land Cover Change and Food Security in Central Sumba: Challenge and Opportunity in the Decentralization Era in Indonesia

Yohanis Ngongo, Bernard DeRosari, Tony Basuki, Gerson N. Njurumana, Yosua Pieter Kenduballa, R. Bambang Heryanto, Rizatus Shofiyati, Muhammad Ardha, Kustiyo Kustiyo, Jefny B. Markus Rawung, Joula O.M. Sondakh, Rein E. Senewe, Helena DaSilva, Ronald T. P. Hutapea, Procula R. Mattitaputty, Noldy R. E. Kotta, Yohanes Leki Seran, Debora Kana Hau, Dian Oktaviani, Hunggul Yodono Hadi Setio Nugroho, Alfonsus Hasudungan Harianja, Yudhistira Nugraha

Subject: Biology, Ecology Keywords: Devolution; land cover change; semi-arod; food security; arable land; coservation; environment services

Online: 28 February 2023 (02:43:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0489.v1

Decreased Soil Microbial Biomass and Changed Microbial Community Composition Following a Defoliation Event by the Forest Tent Caterpillar

Éléonore Dansereau, Emma Despland, I. Tanya Handa

Subject: Biology, Ecology Keywords: Forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria); insect outbreak; defoliation event; MicroResp; soil microbial activity

Online: 28 February 2023 (02:30:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0407.v1

Comprehensive Analysis of Calcium Sensor Families, CBL and CIPK, in Aeluropus littoralis and Its Expression Profile in Response to Salinity

Mozhdeh Arab, Hamid Najafi Zarrini, Ghorbanali Nematzadeh, Parviz Heidari, Seyyed Hamidreza Hashemipetroudi, Markus Kuhlmann

Subject: Biology, Plant Sciences Keywords: Calcium sensors; CBL; CIPK; Salt stress; Kinases; Cell signaling

Online: 23 February 2023 (09:44:44 CET)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0268.v3

Cryptic Persistence of Truncated Abdominal Legs in Insects Enabled Diverse Outgrowths with Novel Functions

Heather S. Bruce, Nipam H. Patel

Subject: Biology, Anatomy & Morphology Keywords: arthropod; leg; evo-devo; exite

Online: 23 February 2023 (04:09:52 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0152.v2

What Can Be Learnt by a Synoptic Review of Plant Disease Epidemics and Outbreaks Published in 2021

Mike Jeger, Hannah Fielder, Tim Beale, Anna Szyniszewska, Stephen Parnell, Nik Cunniffe

Subject: Biology, Plant Sciences Keywords: Plant disease epidemics

Online: 23 February 2023 (02:56:41 CET)

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A synoptic review of plant disease epidemics and outbreaks was made using two complementary approaches. The first approach involved reviewing scientific literature published in 2021, in which quantitative data related to new plant disease epidemics or outbreaks were obtained via surveys or similar methodologies. The second approach involved retrieving new records added in 2021 to the CABI Distribution Database, which contains over a million global geographic records of organisms from over 50,000 species. The literature review retrieved 186 articles, describing studies in 62 categories (pathogen species/species complexes) across >40 host species on 6 continents. Pathogen species with >5 articles were: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, cassava mosaic viruses, citrus tristeza virus, Erwinia amylovora, Fusarium spp. complexes, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Magnaporthe oryzae, maize lethal necrosis co-infecting viruses, Meloidogyne spp. complexes, Pseudomonas syringae pvs, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Xylella fastidiosa, and Zymoseptoria tritici. Automated searches of the CABI Distribution Database identified 617 distribution records new in 2021 of 283 plant pathogens. A further manual review of these records confirmed 15 pathogens reported in new locations: apple hammerhead viroid, apple rubbery wood viruses, Aphelenchoides besseyi, Biscogniauxia mediterranea, Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus, citrus tristeza virus, Colletotrichum siamense, cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus, Erwinia rhapontici, Erysiphe corylacearum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4, Globodera rostochiensis, Nothophoma quercina, potato spindle tuber viroid, and tomato brown rugose fruit virus. Of these, 4 pathogens had at least 25% of all records reported in 2021. We assessed two of these pathogens – tomato brown rugose fruit virus and cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus – to be actively emerging in/spreading to new locations. Although three important pathogens – Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus, citrus tristeza virus and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense – were represented in the results of both our literature review and our interrogation of the CABI Distribution Database, in general our dual approaches revealed distinct sets of plant disease outbreaks and new records, with little overlap.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0387.v1

Emerging Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutics of the BCL-2 Protein Family: The Apoptotic and Anti-Apoptotic Context

Shamrat Kumar Paul, Md. Saddam, Mohammad Ahsan Habib, Md. Abrar Fahim, Afsana Mimi, Saiful Islam, Bristi Paul, Md Mostofa Uddin Helal

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: BCL-2 family protein; BCL-2 Domains; Apoptosis; Cancer; Biomarkers; Therapeutic Agents

Online: 22 February 2023 (14:56:09 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0337.v1

The Role of a Lung Vascular Endothelium Enriched Gene TMEM100

JiaKai Pan, Bin Liu, Zhiyu Dai

Subject: Biology, Physiology Keywords: Pulmonary vasculature; BMP signaling; angiogenesis; vascular biology; lung

Online: 20 February 2023 (09:39:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0327.v1

Identification of Tiller Angle QTLs at Heading Stage in 238 Rice Germplasms by GWAS

Gui Jinxin, Luo Xinyang, Yan Yuntao, He Xi, Zhang Haiqing, He Jiwai

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Rice; GWAS; tiller angle; QTL; Haplotype

Online: 20 February 2023 (07:29:42 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0319.v1

The Genetics of Fitness Reorganization During the Transition to Multicellularity: The Volvocine regA-Like Family as a Model

Zachariah I. Grochau-Wright, Aurora M. Nedelcu, Richard E. Michod

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: Multicellularity; cellular differentiation; life-history; individuality; gene co-option; Volvox; Chlamydomonas; volvocine algae; regA; SAND domain

Online: 20 February 2023 (04:32:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0280.v1

A Multicriteria Analysis to Support Natural Resource Governance. The Case of Chestnut Forests

Stefano Bruzzese, Simone Blanc, Silvia Novelli, Filippo Brun

Subject: Biology, Forestry Keywords: SWOT; AHP; A’WOT; decision-making; complex decisions; forest; chestnut valorisation

Online: 16 February 2023 (09:07:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0273.v1

Urban Green Spaces and Vector-Borne Disease Risk in Africa: Case of the Sibang Forested Park in Libreville (Gabon, Cen-Tral Africa)

Judicaël Obame-Nkoghe, Boris Kevin Makanga, Sylvie Brizard Zongo, Aubin Armel Koumba, Prune Komba, Neil-Michel Longo-Pendy, Franck Mounioko, Rodolphe Akone-Ella, Lynda Chancelya Nkoghe-Nkoghe, Marc-Flaubert Ngangue-Salamba, Patrick Yangari, Sophie Aboughe-Angone, Florence Fournet, Pierre Kengne, Christophe Paupy

Subject: Biology, Ecology Keywords: Vector-borne diseases; urbanization; urban forest; Aedes; Anopheles; Culex; Gabon; central Africa

Online: 16 February 2023 (06:29:19 CET)

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In Africa, vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are still a major public health issue especially in cities that gather an increasing human population. Market gardening practices, for example, can favor the transmission of urban malaria, while insufficient water supply and waste management favor the circulation of arboviroses related to Aedes mosquitoes. Urban planning is a major challenge to mitigate vector risks. As a planning strategy, greening is a concept that is increasingly considered as a major element impacting the well-being of inhabitants, but also for the restoration of biodiversity in cities. Nevertheless, the impact of urban green spaces on vector risk remains poorly investigated, as they may serve as refuge for vectors. This is why the diversity of mosquitoes in terms of species and larval habitat, through larval prospections in environmental water collections and human landing catches, is studied here at an intra-urban interface area between a forest and an urban ecosystem in order to assess the vector risk generated by preserving a forest patch in the heart of Libreville, capital of Gabon, central Africa. Out of 104 water containers explored, 94 (90.4%) were artificial, mainly comprising gutters, used tires, and plastic bottles, while 10 (9.6%) were natural, comprising a puddle, streams, and tree holes. The majority of the water collections recovered (73.1%) were found outside of the forested area, natural and artificial ones considered together. A total of 770 mosquitoes belonging to 14 species were collected from water collections. The mosquito community was largely dominated by anthropophilic species like Aedes albopictus (33.5%), Culex quinquefasciatus (30.4%), and Lutzia tigripes (16.5%). The Shannon index of diversity showed that mosquitoes were almost twice less diversified inside the forest (0.7) than outside (1.3). However, both communities were quite similar in terms of common species and relative abundance (Morisita-Horn index = 0.7). Regarding Human landing catches, Aedes albopictus (86.1%) was the most aggressive species, putting people at risk of Aedes-borne viruses. This study uncovered the importance of considering urban forested ecosystems as potential drivers of disease emergence and spread in urban areas, as they might locally boost urban mosquito densities due to poor environmental practices, mainly maintained by humans through poor environmental practices. In Gabon, this study should contribute to guide targeted vector control strategies, especially regarding the implementation of policies for a better environmental management and vector surveillance in urbanized areas.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0468.v2

Irrigation as a Crucial Tool for the Attainment of Sustainable Development Goals through Hunger and Poverty Alleviation in Ethiopia: A Review

Adishiwot Wendimu, Tarekegn Yoseph Yoseph, Tewodros Ayalew

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Irrigation; Food Security; Poverty; Ethiopia; SDG

Online: 16 February 2023 (04:13:29 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0262.v1

Association between Dynamic Agricoltaic System and Cultivation: Medical Plants Viability, Yields and Qualitative Assessment

Grazia Disciglio, Laura Frabboni, Annalisa Tarantino, Antonio Stasi

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: dynamic agrivoltaic; essential oils yield; medicinal crops; microclimatic factors

Online: 16 February 2023 (02:26:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0258.v1

First Study on Gyrodactylus (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) in Morocco, with Description of a New Species from Cyprinids (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)

Miriam Isoyi Shigoley, Imane Rahmouni, Halima Louizi, Antoine Pariselle, Maarten P.M. Vanhove

Subject: Biology, Animal Sciences & Zoology Keywords: Cyprinidae; Ectoparasite; Gyrodactylidea; Luciobarbus; Monopisthocotylea; North Africa; Parasite; Platyhelminthes

Online: 16 February 2023 (01:31:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0247.v3

Four‑stage Evolution of Diabetes or Whole‑body Insulin Resistance (WBIR) Driven by Sequential Progression of Tissue‑specific Glycation‑induced Insulin Resistance (GIIR)

Song Jae LEE, Sang Won Shin

Subject: Biology, Physiology Keywords: obesity; obesity paradox; diabetes; insulin resistance (IR); whole body insulin resistance (WBIR); tissue specific insulin resistance; muscle insulin resistance (MIR); subcutaneous insulin resistance (s AIR); visceral adipose insulin resistance (v AIR); hepatic insulin resistance (HIR); lipid induced insulin resistance (LIIIR); glycation induced insulin resistance (GIIIR); metabolic syndrome

Online: 14 February 2023 (09:38:06 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0238.v1

Unravelling the Effects of Berberine on Metabolic Activity, Apoptosis and Proliferation of Transformed Cells

Syed Benazir Alam, Marianna Kulka, Yanwen Wang

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: nanoparticles; berberine; metabolism; mitochondria; apoptosis

Online: 14 February 2023 (07:52:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0221.v1

Assembly of Two Small Body-Sized West Pacific Sciaenid Genomes

Zibin Liang, Jie Yang, Feiang Xie, Yifan Wang, Junlai Mao, Wen Wang, Wansuk Senanan, Yongjiu Chen

Subject: Biology, Animal Sciences & Zoology Keywords: Larimichthys polyactis; Collichthys lucidus; genome; phylogeny; ortholog; growth-related gene

Online: 13 February 2023 (15:08:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0217.v1

Resistance Monitoring of Nilaparvata lugens to Pymetrozine Based on Reproductive Behavior

Xin-Yu Song, Yu-Xuan Peng, Yang Gao, Yan-Chao Zhang, Wen-Nan Ye, Pin-Xuan Lin, Cong-Fen Gao, Shun-Fan Wu

Subject: Biology, Entomology Keywords: Nilaparvata lugens; pymetrozine; reproductive behavior; bioassay method; resistance monitoring

Online: 13 February 2023 (14:13:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0177.v2

Approaches for sRNA Analysis of Human RNA-Seq Data: Comparison, Benchmarking

Vitalik Bezuglov, Alexey Stupnikov, Ivan Skakov, Victoria Shtratnikova, Jonathan Richard Pilsner, Alexander Suvorov, Oleg Sergeyev

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: sRNA analysis; small RNA; microRNA; piRNA; tRNA-derived small RNA; RNA-seq; small RNA fragments; benchmarking; differential expression analysis

Online: 10 February 2023 (11:26:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0167.v1

The Oral Health of a Group of 19th Century South Australian Settlers in Relation to Their General Health and Compared With That of Contemporaneous Samples

Angela Gurr, Maciej Henneberg, Jaliya Kumaratilake, Derek Lerche, Lindsay Richards, Alan Henry Brook

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: Oral Health; Systemic Health; Colonial Dental Health

Online: 9 February 2023 (11:31:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0159.v1

A Potential Entomological and Epidemiological Drivers for Reemergence of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Ethiopia after 55 Years

Abate Waldetensai, Ebise Abose, Abebe Getachew, Henok Tadesse, Behabilom Meharenet, Moges Hidoto, Hailemariam Defabachew, Araya Eukubay, Alemayehu Kassahun, Geremew Gonfa, Tesfa Wakgari, Nigus Manaye, Tsegalem Hailemichael, Kokeb Kore, Netsanet Asfaw, Jemal Hassen, Wondu Mengesha, Daniel Tsega, Adugna Abera, Belachew Bokecho, Fiseha Lemango, Tariku Melese, Yimer Mulugeta, Mesfin Wossen, Feyisa Regassa, Geremew Tasew, Abraham Ali

Subject: Biology, Entomology Keywords: Trypanosomiasis; Tsetse fly; Trypanosoma brucie rhodesiense; Human; Animal; Ethiopia

Online: 9 February 2023 (08:45:48 CET)

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Background: Sleeping Sickness, Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a vector- borne disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei (T.b). Sleeping sickness in Ethiopia was reported in 1967 for the first time. Recently in Southern parts of Ethiopia, in August 2022, five (5) cases of sleeping sickness (T. b. rhodesiense) were confirmed. Following this outbreak, the current investigation was aimed to identify the entomological and epidemiological drivers for the reemergence of HAT outbreak and recommend appropriate interventions.Methods: A cross sectional study design with descriptive data analysis was used. Tsetse fly collection and blood samples from cattle Animal were taken. NGU and bio-conical traps were used to determine the distribution (density and abundance) of the vector. About 10μl of blood was collected from the marginal ear vein of 301 cattle animals using the heparinized microhematocrit capillary. The parasite detection was carried out through vector dissection under binocular stereo-microscope (magnification of 60X) and microscopic examination from serum of Animals using the Buffy coat method. Results: A total of 329 tsetse flies were captured and identified to Glosina (G.) palidipes 259 (60.4%) and Glossina fuscipes 70 (16.3%). 188 (51.1%) of tsetse flies were collected from Dembagofa with 94 apparent density. Among all captured Tsetse fly, 39 (11.8%) of Tsetse were fed with high female apparent density in eachecological variation: wood land (51), Bush land (20) and grass land (11). Overall, the apparent density of tsetse fly was high in Wood land (93): G. pallidipes (76.5) and Bush land (36.5). Among all examine cattles for the presence of parasite, 9 cattles were detected positive with an overall prevalence of 3%. T. congolense 6 (2%) and T. vivax 1 (0.3%) with 2 (0.7%) suspected brucei. The parasite prevalence Trypanosoma was 4 (4.6%) in poor body a condition (Bcs) cattle. The animals in age range 5 - 9 years were infected high with 7 (5.3%) prevalence. Conclusion: The current study revealed that there are high-risk factors that predispose the community to Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) due to the presence of two different species of Tsetse flies and many animal reservoirs. The transmissions of Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are related to environmental, Vector, and human factors. Further geographically expanded investigation should be conducted throughout the country.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0141.v1

Identification of Neotropical Culex Mosquitoes by MALDI-TOF MS Profiling

Monique Melo Costa, Amandine Guidez, Sébastien Briolant, Stanislas Talaga, Jean Issaly, Halima Naroua, Romuald Carinci, Pascal Gaborit, Anne Lavergne, Isabelle Dusfour, Jean-Bernard Duchemin, Lionel Almeras

Subject: Biology, Entomology Keywords: Culex species; neotropical mosquito; French Guiana; MALDI-TOF MS; proteomic tool; arbovirus; monitoring

Online: 8 February 2023 (08:43:03 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0134.v1

Why Healthy Pine Seedlings Die After They Leave the Nursery

David B. South, Tom E Starkey, Al Lyons

Subject: Biology, Forestry Keywords: planting depth; drought; freeze injury; herbivory; mortality; survival; insects

Online: 7 February 2023 (14:01:52 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0132.v1

Chromosomal Instability in Genome Evolution: From Cancer to Macroevolution

Valentine Comaills, Maikel Castellano-Pozo

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: Chromosomal instability; Cancer; Genome evolution; Speciation; Structural variant; Meiosis; micronuclei

Online: 7 February 2023 (12:14:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0129.v1

Soil Density Characterization Based on Management Zones in Two Cultivation Areas: Dryland System and the Center-Pivot Irrigation System

Eduardo Leonel Bottega, Cristielle König Marin, Zanandra Boff de Oliveira, Christiano de Carvalho Lamb, Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: no-till; soil compaction; precision agriculture; apparent soil electrical conductivity

Online: 7 February 2023 (11:08:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0034.v2

Nutritional Quality of Indigenous Legume Browse in the Southern Ethiopia: Farmers’ Preference and Correlation of Local Valuation of Feed Value with Scientific Indicators

Getachew Abraham, Yisehak Kechero, Dereje Andualem

Subject: Biology, Animal Sciences & Zoology Keywords: agroecosystems; feed value; indigenous knowledge; laboratory indicator; nutritive value

Online: 7 February 2023 (04:18:55 CET)

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The research was carried out in southern Ethiopia to determine farmers' preferences for indigenous legume fodder trees and shrubs (ILFTS), as well as the relationship between local feed valuation and scientific parameters. A focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted with ten farmers in each agro-ecological zone to determine the benchmarks for the preference ratings. The respondent farmers used the preference score sheet to rate all the ILFTS on an individual basis. Twenty farmers with extensive experience in ILFTS took part in the preference score ranking of each plant species in each agroecological zone. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), Ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and metabolizable energy (ME) content of samples were determined. The standard two-stage in-vitro approach was used to measure the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of samples. ANOVA was used to analyze the variation among the species in agroecosystems. Farmers evaluated the ILFTS using a variety of parameters, according to the study (feed value, growth rate, biomass output, compatibility, and multifunctionality). The farmers ILFTS preference score with the evaluation criteria differed considerably (P<0.05) in agro-ecological zones. The nutritive value of ILFTS was in acceptable range for feeding ruminants though exhibited a wide variation among the species in agroecological zones. The CP content was above the minimum requirement (8%) to support the normal function of rumen microorganisms. Moreover, CP exhibited positive significant correlation with IVDMD, IVOMD and DOMD unlike the CT and ADL which exhibited negative significant correlation. Thus, ADL and CT were identified as feed fractions that inhibit IVDMD by either by depressing the activity of rumen microorganisms or restricting enzyme access to cell wall components. Conversely, the DM, OM, CP, IVDMD, IVOMD, DOMD and ME were shown a positive significant correlation with farmers feed value preference score, unlike the ADL and CT which exhibited a negative significant correlation. In conclusion, Farmers' indigenous knowledge of feed value is therefore relevant to some extent for judging the nutritive value of the ILFTS and could complement the scientific indicators.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0087.v1

Identification of Technological Effectiveness for Mechanized Harvesting of Red Currant Cultivars Based on Bush Morphology and Mechanical Fruit Parameters

Olga Panfilova, Ibrahim Kahramanoglu, Gabrijel Ondrasek, Nelly Ryago, Mikhail Tsoy, Alex Seguel, Sebastian Meier, Volkan Okatan, Serhat Usanmaz, Murat Helvacı

Subject: Biology, Plant Sciences Keywords: intensive horticulture; bush habit; qualitative characteristics of berries; sintering and shedding of berries; yield; technologies; mechanized harvesting

Online: 6 February 2023 (08:37:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0084.v1

A Comparative Analysis of Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis Alterations by Chronic Consumptions of Broiler and Domestic Chicken Meats in Postnatal Sprague Dawley Male Rats

Muhammad Aslam

Subject: Biology, Physiology Keywords: Domestic chicken; Broiler chicken; Testosterone; Oxidative stress

Online: 6 February 2023 (07:38:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0490.v2

Current and Future Habitat Suitability Models for Four Ticks of Medical Concern in Illinois, USA

Heather Lynn Kopsco, Peg Gronemeyer, Nohra Mateus-Pinilla, Rebecca Lee Smith

Subject: Biology, Ecology Keywords: Ticks; species distribution models; habitat suitability models; Illinois; climate

Online: 6 February 2023 (03:09:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0072.v1

A Novel Strategy to Identify Endolysin With Lytic Activity Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Hanbeen Kim, Jakyeom Seo

Subject: Biology, Animal Sciences & Zoology Keywords: Prophage; Endolysin; Staphylococcus aureus; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Antibiotic-resistance; Bovine mastitis

Online: 3 February 2023 (10:35:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0068.v1

Effects of Chitosan on the AsA-GSH Cycle of Strawberry Seedlings Under High-temperature and High-light Stress

Erting Fu, Yuzheng Zhang, Huiling Li, Xiaozhe Wang, Hanxiao Zhang, Wei Xiao, Ling Li, Xiude Chen

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: strawberry; high-temperature and high-light; AsA-GSH cycle

Online: 3 February 2023 (09:54:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0046.v1

Earthworm-Driven Changes in Soil Bacterial Microbiota, Tree/Tea Litter Decomposition and Plant Growth in a Mesocosm Experiment With Two Plant Species

Adriano Sofo, Mohammad Yaghoubi Khanghahi, Maddalena Curci, Francesco Reyes, Maria J. I. Briones, Judith M. Sarneel, Domenico Cardinale, Carmine Crecchio

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: carbon/nitrogen ratio; Eisenia fetida; olive litter; soil bacteria; soil fauna; soil sustainable management; Tea Bag Index.

Online: 2 February 2023 (11:55:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0041.v1

Prioritizing Tree Based Land Management Options for Optimizing Carbon Sink in the Indian sub-Himalayan Region

Tanusri Dey, Dinesha S, Manendra Singh, Arshad A, Mendup Tamang, Shahina N N., Arun Jyoti Nath, Gopal Shukla, Sumit Chakravarty

Subject: Biology, Forestry Keywords: Land use; landscape; climate change; Carbon; sub-humid tropic; Himalayas

Online: 2 February 2023 (09:35:57 CET)

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Land resources have been under tremendous anthropogenic pressure with the consequence of their degradation. It is therefore necessary that the land resources must be managed effectively for sustainable development. Different from the developed countries, carbon inventories and data bank to monitor carbon sequestration potential of different ecosystems are unavailable in India. Micro-level studies are essential for sustainable land use management for a land scarce nation like India. To achieve the desirable goal of the present study, a total of 33 tree-based land uses were identified from forested and agricultural landscapes. Of these total land uses, five were in forest landscapes and rest in agricultural landscapes categorized into forest tree plantations (8 land uses), agroforestry (nine land uses), commercial crop plantations (six land uses) and fruit orchards (five land uses). A stratified random nested quadrate sampling method was adopted for vegetation analysis of the different land uses. The SOC, biomass and carbon accumulation in the tree-based land uses were significantly different from each other. Mixed forest soil had the highest amount of SOC, primary nutrients, standing biomass carbon, and ecosystem carbon. Positive correlations were observed between SOC, total standing biomass, litter production, and ecosystem carbon. The sequence of best tree based land uses in terms of total SOC (up to 60 cm depth), total plant biomass, total plant biomass carbon and ecosystem carbon was mixed species forest (126.67, 781.21, 390.61 and 517.27) > sole tree species stands in forest landscape (109.71, 192.56, 96.28 and 205.98) > tea plantations (103.19, 77.07, 38.54 and 141.74) > homegardens (90.34, 97.38, 48.69 and 139.02) > mixed plantation of Anthocephalus cadamba + Swietenia macrophylla (60.07, 111.86, 55.93 and 116.02) > Swietenia macrophylla based agroforestry (62.49, 83.82, 41.91 and 104.40) > mixed plantation of Tectona grandis + Milvus migrans (60.0, 85.97, 42.99 and 102.90). Similarly, the order of the major land uses was forest > commercial crop plantation > forest tree plantations > agroforestry > fruit orchards. The overall average ecosystem carbon accumulation in forests was 3.24 times more than the land uses in agricultural landscapes. The ecosystem carbon accumulation in the tree-based land uses in both forest and agricultural landscape was highly variable and was significantly different from each other. Land use conversion from forest to agriculture can reduce more than half of the carbon stock, but converting into homegardens, tree plantations or agroforestry enhanced carbon storage of the land use systems. The present findings can be used as baseline information for developing prediction models for probable effects of different land use, future intervention and sustainable management of land use systems.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0039.v1

Potential of Pigmented Rice Variety Cempo Ireng in Rice Breeding Program for Improving Food Sustainability

Yheni Dwiningsih, Jawaher Alkahtani

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Cempo Ireng; anthocyanin; functional food; transgenic; mutation; intensification system; physical treatment

Online: 2 February 2023 (09:22:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0034.v1

Nutritional Quality of Indigenous Legume Browse in the Southern Ethiopia: Farmers’ Preference and Correlation of Local Valuation of Feed Value with Scientific Indicators

Getachew Abraham, Yisehak Kechero, Dereje Andualem

Subject: Biology, Animal Sciences & Zoology Keywords: agroecosystems; feed value; indigenous knowledge; laboratory indicator; nutritive value

Online: 2 February 2023 (08:02:33 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

The research was carried out in southern Ethiopia to determine farmers' preferences for indigenous legume fodder trees and shrubs (ILFTS), as well as the relationship between local feed valuation and scientific parameters. A focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted with ten farmers in each agro-ecological zone to determine the benchmarks for the preference ratings. The respondent farmers used the preference score sheet to rate all the ILFTS on an individual basis. Twenty farmers with extensive experience in ILFTS took part in the preference score ranking of each plant species in each agroecological zone. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), Ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and metabolizable energy (ME) content of samples were determined. The standard two-stage in-vitro approach was used to measure the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of samples. ANOVA was used to analyze the variation among the species in agroecosystems. Farmers evaluated the ILFTS using a variety of parameters, according to the study (feed value, growth rate, biomass output, compatibility, and multifunctionality). The farmers ILFTS preference score with the evaluation criteria differed considerably (P<0.05) in agro-ecological zones. The nutritive value of ILFTS was in acceptable range for feeding ruminants though exhibited a wide variation among the species in agroecological zones. The CP content was above the minimum requirement (8%) to support the normal function of rumen microorganisms. Moreover, CP exhibited positive significant correlation with IVDMD, IVOMD and DOMD unlike the CT and ADL which exhibited negative significant correlation. Thus, ADL and CT were identified as feed fractions that inhibit IVDMD by either by depressing the activity of rumen microorganisms or restricting enzyme access to cell wall components. Conversely, the DM, OM, CP, IVDMD, IVOMD, DOMD and ME were shown a positive significant correlation with farmers feed value preference score, unlike the ADL and CT which exhibited a negative significant correlation. In conclusion, Farmers' indigenous knowledge of feed value is therefore relevant to some extent for judging the nutritive value of the ILFTS and could complement the scientific indicators.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0029.v1

Feasibility of Hunting Invasive Locusts and Studying its Economic, Social, and Environmental Effects (Approach: Preventing the Spraying of Locusts)

Farid Rahimi

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: hunting invasive locusts; food security; entomophagy; pest; entry of toxins into the food chain

Online: 2 February 2023 (04:35:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0020.v1

Multiple Pesticide Resistance in Rust-Red Fluor Beetle (Tribolium castaneum, Herbst 1797) from Northern Nigeria is Probably Driven by Metabolic Mechanisms

Muhammad M. Mukhtar, Muhammad A. Mustapha, Mubarak Aliyu, Sulaiman S. Ibrahim

Subject: Biology, Entomology Keywords: red flour beetle; Tribolium castaneum; pesticides; insecticides; resistance, metabolic

Online: 2 February 2023 (01:57:34 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0009.v1

Allosteric Regulation of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors: From Diversity of Molecular Mechanisms to Multiple Allosteric Sites and Their Ligands

Alexander Shpakov

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: G-protein-coupled receptor; allosteric site; allosteric modulator; pepducin; heterotrimeric G-protein; autoantibody; thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor; luteinizing hormone receptor; proteinase-activated receptor; chemokine receptor

Online: 1 February 2023 (10:54:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0586.v1

Experimental Lung Inflammation Induced by Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 is Controlled by Intranasal Instillation of Vitamin D

William Danilo Fernandes de Souza, Sofia Fernanda Gonçalves Zorzella-Pezavento, Marina Caçador Ayupe, Caio Loureiro Salgado, Bernardo de Castro Oliveira, Francielly Moreira, Guilherme William da Silva, Stefanie Primon Muraro, Gabriela Fabiano de Souza, José Luiz Proença-Módena, Joao Pessoa Araujo-Junior, Denise Fonseca, Alexandrina Sartori

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; lung; inflammation; mice; vitamin D

Online: 31 January 2023 (12:04:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0578.v1

Species Composition and Seasonal Abundance of Predatory Mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Inhabiting Aesculus Hippocastanum

Michal Kopačka, Rostislav Zemek

Subject: Biology, Entomology Keywords: horse chestnut tree; diversity; population dynamics; mite density; city parks

Online: 31 January 2023 (08:45:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0574.v1

Exogenous Application of Melatonin Alleviates Drought Stress by Improving Morpho-Physiology and Enhancing Peroxidase Activity in Ranunculus asiaticus

Eman Abdelhakim Eisa, Peter Honfi, Andrea Tilly-Mándy, Mayank Anand Gururani

Subject: Biology, Horticulture Keywords: Drought; Melatonin; Peroxidase; Photosynthesis; Stress

Online: 31 January 2023 (06:21:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0546.v1

Expression of Exploratory Activity of Rat Offspring Depends On the Expression of Exploratory Activity of Their Parents at the Moment of Mating

Sergey K. K. Sudakov, Natalia G. Bogdanova, Galina A. Nazarova

Subject: Biology, Physiology Keywords: motor activity; orienting exploratory activity; epigenetic inheritance; conception; rats

Online: 30 January 2023 (07:53:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0526.v1

Method of Anther Culture In Vitro in the Creation of Rice Dihaploids Resistant to Prolonged Flooding

Nataliya Kalinina, Pavel Kostylev

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: rice; variety; hybrid; lines; anther; induction; callus; regeneration; digaploids

Online: 28 January 2023 (10:30:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0507.v1

Assessment of Morpho-physiological Features of Rice Samples in Flooding Conditions

Valentina Golubova, Pavel Kostylev

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: rice; samples; resistance to flooding; conductive system; power of growth

Online: 27 January 2023 (13:00:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0506.v1

Does a Rural-Urban Gradient Affect Arthropod Assemblages in an Arid Ecosystem?

Mahmoud S. Abdel-Dayem, Mostafa R. Sharaf, Jonathan D. Majer, Mohammed K. Al-Sadoon, Ahmed M. Soliman, Abdulrahman S. Aldawood, Hathal M. Aldhafer, Gamal M. Orabi

Subject: Biology, Entomology Keywords: Beetles; abundance; diversity; indicator species; Riyadh; species richness; urbanization; Wadi Hanifa

Online: 27 January 2023 (12:57:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0497.v1

Laser Therapy Changes the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Bleomycin-Induced Skin Fibrosis

Anna G. Soboleva, Vladimir V. Sobolev, Mari M. Karapetyan, Alexandre Mezentsev, Olga I. Rud’ko, Evgenia D. Davydova, Julia A. Mogulevtseva, Olga V. Zhukova, Irina M. Korsunskaya

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: matrix metalloproteinases; skin fibrosis; gene expression; laser therapy

Online: 27 January 2023 (07:17:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0490.v1

No Evidence of Internal Path Integration in Sand Scorpion Homing Behavior in Artificial Arenas

Alexis B Merchant, Douglas D Gaffin

Subject: Biology, Animal Sciences & Zoology Keywords: navigation; behavior; proprioception; pectines; vision

Online: 27 January 2023 (06:24:23 CET)

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BIOLOGY