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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0556.v1

Maximizing the Accuracy of Microcomb-Based Microwave Photonic Transversal Signal Processors

David Moss

Subject: Optics And Photonics, Physical Sciences Keywords: Microwave photonics; optical microcombs; optical signal processing

Online: 31 March 2023 (15:55:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0555.v1

Dark Fermentative Production of Biohydrogen from Organic Biomass: A Bibliometric Analysis

Amos Kiprotich, Eustache Nijeje

Subject: Waste Management And Disposal, Environmental And Earth Sciences Keywords: Dark fermentation; Biohydrogen production; Hydrogen; Biohythane

Online: 31 March 2023 (15:25:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0554.v1

Eudaimonic Well-Being of Italian Young Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Psychological Inflexibility and Fear of Death

Vincenzo Calvo, Chiara Masaro, Chiara Fusco, Camilla Pellicelli, Simona Ghedin, Cristina Marogna

Subject: Psychology, Social Sciences Keywords: eudaimonic well-being; psychological inflexibility; fear of death; young adults

Online: 31 March 2023 (15:12:48 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0553.v1

The A(H5N1) Avian Influenza Virus at the Domestic Animal-Wildlife-Human Interface: Issues of Concern

Giovanni Di Guardo

Subject: Materials Science And Technology, Chemistry And Materials Science Keywords: A(H5N1) avian influenza virus; Influenza viruses; Virus host range; Zoonotic risk, Human exposure risk; Viral infection; Epidemiology

Online: 31 March 2023 (14:46:25 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0552.v1

Neurological Disease Modeling Using Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells: A Key Step Towards Understanding and Treating Mucopolysaccharidoses

Sofia Carvalho, Juliana Inês Santos, Luciana Moreira, Mariana Gonçalves, Hugo David, Liliana Matos, Marisa Encarnação, Sandra Alves, Maria Francisca Coutinho

Subject: Biomaterials, Chemistry And Materials Science Keywords: Mucopolysaccharidoses; Disease Modeling; in vitro models; induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs); Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSC)

Online: 31 March 2023 (14:43:34 CEST)

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Despite extensive research, the links between the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and the clinical features seen in patients suffering from various forms of Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) have yet to be further elucidated. This is particularly true for the neuropathology of these disorders, even though the neurological symptoms are currently incurable, even in the cases where a dis-ease-specific therapeutic approach does exist. One of the best ways to get insights on the molecular mechanisms driving that pathogenesis is the analysis of patient-derived cells. Yet, not every pa-tient-derived cell holds potential to recapitulate relevant disease features. For the neurodegenerative forms of these diseases in particular, it is challenging to grow neuronal cultures that accurately represent them because of the obvious inability to access live neurons. This scenario changed sig-nificantly since Yamanaka et al. published their protocol for induction of pluripotent stem cells (SC) from adult human fibroblasts. From then on, a series of differentiation protocols to generate neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) was developed and extensively used for disease mod-eling. Currently, human iPSC and iPSC-derived cell models have been generated for several MPS and numerous lessons were learnt from their analysis. Here we review most of those studies, not only listing the currently available MPS iPSC lines and their derived models, but also summarizing how they were generated and the major information different groups have gathered from their analysis. Finally, and taking into account that iPSC generation is a laborious/expensive protocol that holds significant limitations, we also comment on a tempting alternative to establish MPS pa-tient-derived neuronal cells in a much more expedite way by taking advantage of the existence of a population of multipotent SC in human dental pulp, to establish mixed neuronal and glial cultures.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0551.v1

Proportional Equation and Multiplicative Superposition: New Way to Understand Reality

Seong-Dong Kim

Subject: Theoretical Physics, Physical Sciences Keywords: Gravity; Dark Energy; Dark Matter; Inflation; Fundamental Forces; Particle-wave duality

Online: 31 March 2023 (14:42:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0550.v1

Intra-Amniotic Inflammation or Infection: Suspected and Confirmed Diagnosis of “Triple I” at Term

Sara Consonni, Elettra Salmoiraghi, Isadora Vaglio Tessitore, Armando Pintucci, Valentina Vitale, Patrizia Calzi, Francesca Moltrasio, Anna Locatelli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Tropical Medicine Keywords: Triple I; chorioamnionitis; intra-amniotic infection; intra-amniotic inflammation; placental histology; early neonatal sepsis.

Online: 31 March 2023 (11:20:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0549.v1

Beraprost and Overall Survival in Cats With Chronic Kidney Disease

Hiroyuki Ito, Takumi Matsuura, Tadashi Sano

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: beraprost; feline; chronic kidney disease; progression-free survival; overall survival

Online: 31 March 2023 (11:17:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0548.v1

Ruminal Solubility and Bioavailability of Inorganic Trace-Mineral Sources and Effects on Fermentation Activity Measured In Vitro

Antal Vigh, Adriana Criste, Kévin Gragnic, Léa Moquet, Christine Gerard

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: ruminant; fermentation; solubility; trace-minerals

Online: 31 March 2023 (10:51:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0547.v1

Robust and Fragile Determinants of the Severity of Covid-19 in Developing and Developed Countries: A Comparative Analysis

Imad A. Moosa, Ibrahim N. Khatatbeh

Subject: Engineering, Marine Engineering Keywords: Covid-19; Infection Rate; Case Mortality Rate; Extreme Bounds Analysis; Cumulative Density Function

Online: 31 March 2023 (09:42:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0546.v1

Drug Diffusion inside the Tapered Hydrogel Microneedle: A Numerical Study

Hajar Moghadas, Navid Kashaninejad

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: Hydrogel Microneedle; Transdermal; Drug Delivery; Diffusion time; Numerical Simulation

Online: 31 March 2023 (09:31:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0545.v1

Surfaces Intersection and Flattening in 3D Models Through Computer Extended Descriptive Geometry (CeDG)

Manuel Prado-Velasco, Laura García-Ruesgas

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Science Keywords: Descriptive Geometry; Computer Graphic Parametric Modelling; CAD; CeDG; Dynamic Geometry Software

Online: 31 March 2023 (08:24:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0544.v1

Constraining Neutrino Mass in Dynamical Dark Energy Cosmologies With the Logarithm Parametrization and the Oscillating Parametrization

Rui-Yun Guo

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: dynamical dark energy; neutrino mass; mass hierarchies of neutrinos; the observational constraints

Online: 31 March 2023 (07:21:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0543.v1

A Dual-Function 'TRE-Lox" System for Genetic Deletion or Reversible, Titratable, and Near-Complete Downregulation of Cathepsin D

Heather M. Terron, Derek S. Maranan, Luke A. Burgard, Frank M. LaFerla, Shelley Lane, Malcolm A. Leissring

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Alzheimer disease; cathepsin D; Cre-Lox technology; CRISPR; gene regulation; tetracycline regulatory element.

Online: 31 March 2023 (05:46:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0334.v3

The Conservation Laws in Quantum Mechanics

Richard Joseph Oldani

Subject: Physical Sciences, Theoretical Physics Keywords: conservation laws; Hamilton's principle; energy; momentum; path integral formulation; matrix mechanics

Online: 31 March 2023 (05:28:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0377.v4

A Quantum-Classical Model of Brain Dynamics

Alessandro Sergi, Antonino Messina, Carmelo M. Vicario, Gabriella Martino

Subject: Physical Sciences, Condensed Matter Physics Keywords: quantum-classical dynamics; quantum brain; open quantum systems; neuroscience; electromagnetic brain stimulation; clinical psychology

Online: 31 March 2023 (04:29:56 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0542.v1

Central Nervous System Source Modulates Microglia Function and Morphology In Vitro

Andreia G Pinho, Andreia Monteiro, Sara Fernandes, Nídia De Sousa, António Salgado, Nuno A. Silva, Susana Monteiro

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: microglia; cortex; spinal cord; morphology; phagocytosis; in vitro studies

Online: 31 March 2023 (04:09:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0541.v1

Improvement of Core-Shell Lightweight Aggregate by Modifying the Cement-EPS Interface

Chaoming Pang, Chunpeng Zhang, Peijuan Li

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: EPS; Interface; Lightweight aggregate; Hydration products

Online: 31 March 2023 (03:38:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0540.v1

4-Component Spinors for SL(4,C) and Four Types of Transformations

Mehmet Ali Kuntman

Subject: Physical Sciences, Theoretical Physics Keywords: Lie Algebra; Particle Physics; quantum mechanics

Online: 31 March 2023 (03:35:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0539.v1

Potent Inhibitors Targeting Metallo-β-lactamases from the B1, B2 and B3 Subgroups: Promising Broad-spectrum Agents to Combat a Major Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance

Julia L Kurz, Marcelo M Pedroso, Emmanuelle Richard, Ross P McGeary, Gerhard Schenk

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; metallo-β-lactamases; metal-dependent enzymes; broad-spectrum inhibitors; inhibition assays; enzyme kinetics

Online: 31 March 2023 (03:35:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0538.v1

A Three-step Process to Isolate Large Quantities of Bioactive Sesquiterpene Lactones from Cichorium intybus L. Roots and Semi-synthesis of Chicory STLs Standards

Francesca Ruggieri, Philippe Hance, Bruna Gioia, Alexandre Biela, Pascal Roussel, Jean-Louis Hilbert, Nicolas Willand

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: chicory; sesquiterpene lactones; 11,13-dihydrolactucin; lactucin; plant extraction; semi-synthesis of analytical standards

Online: 31 March 2023 (03:30:25 CEST)

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Sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) are a large group of terpenoids most commonly found in plants of the Asteraceae family, e. g. in chicory plants, displaying a wide range of interesting biological activities. However, further studies on the biological potential of chicory derived STLs and analogues are challenging as only four of these molecules are commercially available (as analytical standards), and to date there are no published or patented simple extraction-purification processes capable of large scale STLs isolation. In this work we describe a novel three-step large scale extraction and purification method for the simultaneous purification of 11,13-dihydrolactucin (DHLc) and lactucin (Lc) starting from a chicory genotype rich in these STLs and in the corresponding glycosyl and oxalyl conjugated forms. After a small-scale screening on 100 mg of freeze-dried chicory root powder, the best results were achieved with a 17 h water maceration at 30°C. With these conditions we managed to increase the content of DHLc and Lc, at the same time favouring the hydrolysis of their conjugated forms. On a larger scale, the extraction of 750 g of freeze-dried chicory root powder, followed by a liquid-liquid extraction step and a reversed-phase chromatography, allowed the recovery of 642.3 ± 76.3 mg of DHLc and 175.3 ± 32.9 mg of Lc. The two pure STLs were subsequently used in the context of semi-synthesis to generate analogues for biological evaluation as antibacterial agents. In addition, other described chicory STLs that are not commercially available were also synthesized or extracted to serve as analytical standards for the study. In particular, lactucin-oxalate and 11,13-dihydrolactucin-oxalate were synthesized in two steps starting from Lc and DHLc, respectively. On the other hand, 11β,13-dihydrolactucin-glycoside was obtained after a MeOH/H₂O (70/30) extraction, followed by a liquid-liquid extraction step and a reversed-phase chromatography. Together, this work will help facilitate the evaluation of the biological potential of chicory derived STLs and their semisynthetic analogues.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0536.v1

High Effectiveness of a Smoking Cessation Program During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Aleksandra Kruk, Celina Czerwińska, Justyna Dolna-Michno, Elżbieta Broniatowska, Emanuel Kolanko

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: smoking cessation program; COVID-19; interventions; Poland

Online: 31 March 2023 (03:13:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0537.v1

Removal of Copper Ions from Distilled Sugar Cane Spirits by Adsorption on Red Mud

Sandro L. Barbosa, David Lee Nelson, Savio E. O. Miranda, Wallans Torres Pio dos Santos, Alexandre Pereira Wentz, Helvia Nancy Fuzer Lira, Fernando L. P. Pessoa, Foster A. Agblevor, Daniel Armelim Bortoleto, Maria Betânia de Freitas-Marques, Wagner da Nova Mussel, Lucas D. Zanatta

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Accounting And Taxation Keywords: metals oxides; surface hydrophilicity; alcoholic beverage; contaminants; quality control; mesoporous materials

Online: 31 March 2023 (03:13:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0535.v1

Evidence-Based Cosmology and Galactic Rotation Curves

Srecko Šorli

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: evidence-based cosmology; rotating superfluid space; galactic rotation curves

Online: 31 March 2023 (03:07:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0534.v1

Effect of Snowmelt on Groundwater Bacterial Community Composition and Potential Role of Surface Environments as Microbial Seed Bank in Two Distinct Aquifers from the Region of Quebec, Canada

Karine Villeneuve, Valérie Turcotte-Blais, Cassandre Sara Lazar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Aquifer; Groundwater recharge; Groundwater microbial ecology; Snowmelt; Bacterial communities Perturbation

Online: 31 March 2023 (02:25:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0533.v1

Biomarkers of neurodegeneration in post-traumatic stress disorder: an integrative review

Ravi Philip Rajkumar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder; dementia; Parkinson’s disease; β-amyloid; inflammation; hippocampus; white matter integrity; genetics

Online: 31 March 2023 (02:12:57 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0295.v4

Revisiting pathogen transmission in epidemiological models and its role in the disease-diversity relationship

Marjolein E.M. Toorians, Ailene MacPherson, T. Jonathan Davies

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Classics Keywords: epidemiological models; transmission; biodiversity; dilution effect

Online: 30 March 2023 (15:26:45 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0532.v1

Genomic analysis of Carbapenem-resistance conferring genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae

Sabbarinath Subramanian

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: Carbapenem, Antimicrobial Resistance, Klebsiella pneumoniae, genomic context

Online: 30 March 2023 (13:02:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0531.v1

Defective or Just Different? Predicting Storm Failure in Four Urban Tree Growth Patterns

Andrew Koeser, Ryan Klein, Richard Hauer, Jason Miesbauer, Zachary Freeman, Christopher Harchick, Brian Kane

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: bifurcation; cyclone; forks; hurricane; tree biomechanics; tree risk assessment; typhoon

Online: 30 March 2023 (12:55:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0530.v1

HyTra: Hyperclass Transformer for WiFi Fingerprinting-based Indoor Localization

Muneeb Nasir, Kiara Esguerra, Ibrahima Faye, Tong Boon Tang, Mazlaini Yahya, Afidalina Tumian, Eric Tatt Wei Ho

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Logic Keywords: Deep Learning; Transformer; WiFi Fingerprinting; Indoor Localization; Classification; Received Signal Strength

Online: 30 March 2023 (12:40:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0529.v1

Synergetic Photocatalytic Peroxymonosulfate Oxidation of Benzotriazole by Cupper Ferrite Spinel: Factors and Mechanism Analysis

Masoumeh Golshan, Rasool Pelalak, Babak Kakavandi

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Business And Management Keywords: Peroxymonosulfate activation; Copper ferrite; Photocatalyst; Benzotriazole

Online: 30 March 2023 (12:37:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0528.v1

The Influence of Micro to Nano-Cellulose-Clay on the Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Polypropylene Nanocomposites

Syed Muhammad Imran, Ihsan Iqbal, Manwar Hussain

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: nano-cellulose; nanocomposites; mechanical properties; biopolymers

Online: 30 March 2023 (12:31:40 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0527.v1

High-Intensity Interval Training for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review

Domiziano Tarantino, Tine Theysmans, Rosita Mottola, Jonas Verbrugghe

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Networks And Communications Keywords: high intensity interval training; knee osteoarthritis; exercise therapy; rehabilitation; exercise rehabilitation

Online: 30 March 2023 (12:26:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0526.v1

Land Use /Land Cover Change and Its Driving Forces in Mago National Park, Southern Ethiopia

Aklilu Wodebo Wola

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Social survey; Mago National Park; Landsat; GIS; Remote sensing; land use land cover

Online: 30 March 2023 (10:38:58 CEST)

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Land use land cover change analysis is one of the most particular techniques to understand how land was used in the past, what types of changes are to be expected in the future, as well as the forces and processes behind the changes. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the land use land cover changes and its driving forces in Mago National Park, southern Ethiopia. Satellite image of Landsat5 TM (1988, 1998 and 2008) and Landsat8 OLI/TIRS (2018) with a time span of 30 years were employed. In addition, field observation, and social survey were conducted to study the drivers of land use land cover changes. QGIS 3.2 and SPSS (for social data analysis) software’s’ were used for satellite image processing, accuracy assessment, map preparation and descriptively analyze the driving forces of LULCC respectively. Supervised classification with maximum likelihood algorithm was conducted for satellite image analysis and generation of information using Quantum GIS 3.2 Post classification change detection method was applied to quantify the land use/land cover change. The result of the study indicated riverine forest, woodland, grassland, water body, degraded land and bare land as a major land use land cover class in the park. The result of land use land cover classification showed that in 1988 most of the study area was covered by woodland and grass land. In the first period (1988-1998), woodland, riverine forest, water body and bare land decreased by 6.76%, 37.98%, 22.37% and 70.14% respectively, while grass land, and degraded land increased by 16.11% and 85.67% respectively. In the second period, (1998 -2008), woodland, riverine forest and degraded land were decreased by 5.44%, 4.61%, and 80.74% respectively, while grass land, water body and bare land is increased by 14.74%, 3.76% and 52.58% respectively. From 2008-2018 riverine forest, grassland, water body and bare land decreased by 1.33%, 15.16% and 4.82% and 25.02% respectively, while woodland increased by 11.84%, and degraded land increased by 85.49% respectively. Riverine forest, water body, grass land and bare land showed decrement and that of woodland, degraded land indicated increment during study period. From 1988-2018, woodland, riverine forest, water body and bare land indicated decrement and the remaining grass land and bare land cover types indicated increment during study period. The result of social survey indicated that expansion of agriculture, human induced fire, overgrazing and hunting are proximate driving forces of the change in Mago National Park. Population pressure from a different area, poverty, decreased farmlands productivity; education, weak law enforcement and cultural factors are the major underlying causes of the observed changes. Therefore, proper land use planning, legal support, and strong law enforcement are the key recommendations to sustain natural resources of the study area.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0525.v1

LPS-Induced Systemic Inflammation Affects the Dynamic Interactions of Astrocytes and Microglia with the Vasculature of the Mouse Brain Cortex

Evangelia Xingi, Paraskevi N. N Koutsoudaki, Irini Thanou, Minh-Son Phan, Maria Margariti, Anja Scheller, Jean-Yves Tinevez, Frank Kirchhoff, Dimitra Thomaidou

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: astrocytes; microglia; 2-photon imaging; NVU; LPS; blood vessels; AQP4

Online: 30 March 2023 (10:06:21 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0524.v1

From Cell to Symptoms: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Cytopathic Effects in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Long COVID

Pablo Gonzalez-Garcia, Ornella Fiorillo Moreno, Eloina Zarate Peñate, Alejandro Calderón-Villalba, Lisandro Pacheco Lugo, Antonio Acosta Hoyos, Jose Luis Villarreal Camacho, Roberto Navarro Quiroz, Leonardo Pacheco Londoño, Gustavo Aroca Martinez, Noelia Moares, Antonio Gabucio, Cecilia Fernandez-Ponce, Francisco Garcia-Cozar, Elkin Navarro Quiroz

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Long COVID; Cytopathy; cytokine storm; sequelae; PASC; coronavirus; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; cell dysfunction

Online: 30 March 2023 (05:09:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0219.v2

When to Use Large Language Model: Upper Bound Analysis of BM25 Algorithms in Reading Comprehension Task

Tingzhen Liu, Qianqian Xiong, Shengxi Zhang

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: Large Language Model; natural language processing; reading comprehension; computational lin-guistics; information retrieval; BM25

Online: 30 March 2023 (03:51:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0523.v1

Efficacy and Feasibility of SMS M-Health for the Detection of Adverse Events Following Immunisation (AEFIs) In re-Source-Limited Setting–The Zimbabwe Stimulated Telephone As-Sisted Rapid Safety Surveillance (Zm-STARSS) Randomised Con-Trol Trial

Priscilla Patricia Munyaradzi Nyambayo, Michael Gold, Ushma Mehta, Stephen Clark, Rumbidzai Manyevere, Libert Chirinda, Edlyne Zifamba, Tatenda Nyamandi

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Zimbabwe Stimulated Telephone Assisted Rapid Safety Surveillance (Zm-STARSS); mHealth active participant-centred (MAPC) Adverse Events Following Immunisation(AEFI) surveillance

Online: 30 March 2023 (03:51:08 CEST)

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Abstract Introduction: The mHealth active participant centred (MAPC) adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) surveillance is a promising area for early AEFI detection resulting in risk minimisation. Passive (spontaneous) AEFI surveillance is the backbone for vaccine pharmacovigilance, but has inherent drawbacks of under reporting, and requires strengthening with active surveillance methods. The Zimbabwe stimulated telephone assisted rapid safety surveillance (Zm-STARSS) randomized controlled trial (RCT) sought to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of AEFI detection using a short message service (SMS) and computer assisted telephone interview (CATI) approach. Method: A multicentre Zm-STARSS RCT enrolled consented adult vaccinees or parents or guardians of children receiving vaccines, including COVID-19 vaccines, at study vaccination clinics. At enrolment study participants were randomised to either SMS-CATI group or control group. SMS prompts were sent on days 0-2 and 14 post-vaccination to SMS-CATI group to ascertain if a medical event following immunisation (MEFI) had occurred. However, no SMSs were sent to the control group. SMS-CATI group who responded “Yes” to SMS prompts were interviewed by research healthcare workers (RHCWs) who completed a CATI to determine if an MEFI/AEFI had occurred whilst an AEFI in control group was determined from passive AEFI reporting channels. The primary study outcome was the AEFI detection rate in the SMS-CATI group compared to the control group. Results: A total of 704 (31%) participants responded to the SMS prompts, with 75% (528/704) indicating “No” and 25% (176/704) "Yes” to experiencing a MEFI. However, 31% (55/176) who responded “Yes” did not complete a CATI survey, but 69% (121/176) did; and 64% (77/121) of these indicated negative to AEFI experience whilst 36% (44/121) were affirmative. There were no AEFI reported in control group participants. Zm-STARSS showed promising results in that the AEFI detection rate using SMS-CATI was 2% (44/2280) on an intention to treat cohort. Conclusion: Despite the low SMS response and CATI completion rate, we demonstrated that Zm-STARSS SMS system improves AEFI detection compared to passive AEFI surveillance. We recommend cost-effective multi-channel digital approaches for holistic pharmacovigilance to improve AEFI detection in LMICs for all vaccines.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0475.v2

Menstrual Attitudes in the U.S. and China: Insights from Mobile Menstrual Tracking Applications for Teenagers

Sisi Peng, Yuyin Yang, Martie G Haselton

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Emergency Medicine Keywords: adolescents; menstruation; sexual and reproductive health; informatics; mobile health

Online: 30 March 2023 (03:33:26 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0522.v1

A Proposed Model of Xeno-Keratoplasty Using 3D Printing and Decellularization

Xinyu Wang, Rawdah Elbahrawi, Azhar Mohamud Abdukadir, Zehara Mohammed Ali, Peter Corridon

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: cornea; xeno-keratoplasty; decellularization; recellularization; 3D bioprinting; slaughterhouse waste

Online: 30 March 2023 (03:30:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0521.v1

Pathophysiological Effects of Contemporary Lifestyle on Evolutionary-Conserved Survival Mechanisms that Disturb the Hallmarks of Health in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Jim Parker

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Tropical Medicine Keywords: polycystic ovary syndrome; evolution; inflammation; insulin resistance; hyperinsulinemia; immune; infertility; endocrine disrupting chemicals; environment; lifestyle; diet

Online: 30 March 2023 (03:19:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0520.v1

Α Rapid Seismic Damage Assessment (RASDA) tool for RC Buildings based on an Artificial Intelligence Algorithms

Konstantinos Morfidis, Sotiria Stefanidou, Olga Markogiannaki

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Hardware And Architecture Keywords: Seismic damage assessment; Artificial Neural Networks; Pattern Recognition; Software Development; RC Buildings

Online: 30 March 2023 (03:09:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0519.v1

Spatial-Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Interrelationship of Sulfur and Iron Compounds in Sediments: A Model Study in the Closed-Section of Mikawa Bay, Japan

Mitsuyasu Waku, Ryota Sone, Tetsunori Inoue, Toshiro Ishida, Teruaki Suzuki

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Classics Keywords: dissolved sulfide; iron; hypoxia; buffering capacity; environmental restoration; coastal waters; Mikawa Bay; dead zone

Online: 30 March 2023 (02:58:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0518.v1

Detrital Zircon Geochronology of the Volyn-Orsha Sedimentary Basin in Western Ukraine: Implications for the Meso-Neoproterozoic History of Baltica and Possible Link to Amazonia and the Grenvillian – Sveconorwegian – Sunsas Orogenic Belt

Leonid Shumlyanskyy, Andrey Bekker, Iryna Tarasko, Ion Francovschi, Simon A. Wilde, Victor Melnychuk

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Theater Keywords: Mesoproterozoic; Neoproterozoic; Baltica; Amazonia; detrital zircon; Volyn-Orsha basin

Online: 30 March 2023 (02:53:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0517.v1

Hearing Assistive Technology Facilitates Sentence-in-Noise Recognition in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Suyun Xu, Juan Fan, Hua Zhang, Minyue Zhang, Hang Zhao, Xiaoming Jiang, Hongwei Ding, Yang Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Behavioral Sciences Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; Auditory stream segregation; Hearing assistive technology; Speech-in-noise perception; Tonal language speakers

Online: 30 March 2023 (02:52:15 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0367.v8

Defining the Most Generalized, Natural Extension of the Expected Value on Measurable Functions

Bharath Krishnan

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Prevalence; Expected Value; Uniform Measure; Measure theory; Uniform Cover; Entropy; Sample; Linear; Superlinear; Choice Function; Bernard's Paradox; Pseudo-random

Online: 30 March 2023 (02:46:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0516.v1

Microfactory for Valorization of E-waste Plastics (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene, Polycarbonate, and Polypropylene) on Additive Manufacturing Sector

Alejandro Moure Abelenda, Farid Aiouache

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Melt-blend extrusion; 3D filament; brominated flame retardants; solvent extraction; acetone smoothing

Online: 30 March 2023 (02:41:32 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0515.v1

Key Epidemic Parameters of the SIRV-Model Determined from Past COVID-19 Mutant Waves

Reinhard Schlickeiser, Martin Kröger

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: coronavirus; statistical analysis; extrapolation; parameter estimation; pandemic spreading

Online: 30 March 2023 (02:30:40 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0514.v1

Detecting the Unseen: Understanding the Mechanisms and Working Principles of Earthquake Sensors

Bingwei Tian, Wenrui Liu, Haozhou Mo, Wang Li, Tenglong Quan, Yuting Wang, Basanta Raj Adhikari

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Religious Studies Keywords: sensors; earthquake DRR; monitoring; early warning; search and rescue

Online: 29 March 2023 (16:36:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0513.v1

Ethical Issues and Challenges in Social Media: A Current Scenario

Dr. Bharat Dhiman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: Ethics, Social Media; Facebook; Instagram; Snapchat; Personal Information

Online: 29 March 2023 (15:39:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0512.v1

Kruskal-Szekeres Coordinates as Extrinsic Coordinates of the Schwarzschild Metric

Christopher Laforet

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Black holes; General Relativity; Schwarzschild metric

Online: 29 March 2023 (14:31:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0511.v1

Thermal Profiles in Water Injection Wells: Reduction of the Systematic Error in the Flow Measurement During the Transitory Regime

German Alberto Echaiz Espinoza, Gabriel Pereira de Oliveira, Verivan Santos Lima, Diego Antonio de Moura Fonseca, Carla Wilza Souza de Paula Maitelli, Elmer Rolando Llanos Villarreal, Andrés Ortiz Salazar

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Logic Keywords: Oil reservoir; Thermal Profile; Geothermal Profile; Flow Rate Injection

Online: 29 March 2023 (14:12:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0510.v1

Machine Learning and Explainable Artificial Intelligence using Counterfactual Explanations for Evaluating Posture Parameters

Carlo Dindorf, Oliver Ludwig, Steven Simon, Stephan Becker, Michael Fröhlich

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: biomechanics; posture; hyperlordosis; hyperkyphosis; machine learning; artificial intelligence; explainable artificial intelligence; human-in-the-loop; confident learning; label errors

Online: 29 March 2023 (14:08:32 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0509.v1

Measurements of the Cross Section for The tt¯ Heavy-flavor Production at the LHC+

Jorgen D'Hondt, Tae Jeong Kim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: top quark; heavy-flavor; Higgs boson

Online: 29 March 2023 (14:07:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0508.v1

Crystalline Flat Surface Recovered by High Temperature Annealing after Laser Ablation

Daniel Smith, Soon Ng, Tomas Katkus, Daniel Moraru, Saulius Juodkazis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: ablation; light-matter interaction; femtosecond lasers; nanoscale; high temperature annealing

Online: 29 March 2023 (11:50:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0507.v1

UAV-LiDAR-based 3D Mapping of Apple Orchards and Automatic Georeferencing of Segmented Apple Tree Locations

Nishiwaki Soki, Takanori Emaru

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Religious Studies Keywords: UAV; LiDAR; Apple Orchard; georeferencing; GNSS

Online: 29 March 2023 (11:47:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0506.v1

The Macroscopic Mechanical Equilibrium Condition Governing and Supporting Equilibrium States: the Physical Origin of the Equation of State

Gang Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Equilibrium Conditions; Equation of State

Online: 29 March 2023 (10:58:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0505.v1

Detecting Emotional Prosody in Real Words: Electrophysiological Evidence from a Multi-Feature Oddball Paradigm

Chieh Kao, Yang Zhang

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Other Keywords: emotional prosody; multi-feature oddball; mismatch negativity (MMN); P3a

Online: 29 March 2023 (10:55:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0504.v1

The Exceptional Jordan Algebra, and Its Implications for Our Understanding of Gravitation and the Weak Force

Tejinder Singh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Exceptional Jordan algebra; octonions; standard model of particle physics; general relativity; weak interaction; Modified Newtonian Dynamics

Online: 29 March 2023 (07:13:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0503.v1

Time Crystals, Their Networks, and Self-Organized Vacuum

Vladimir A. Manasson

Subject: Physical Sciences, Other Keywords: dynamical systems; self-organization; temporal periodicity; attractor topology; phase transitions; synchronization patterns; physical vacuum; elementary particles; unification of forces

Online: 29 March 2023 (07:08:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0502.v1

Antituberculosis Propensity of Synthetic Biscoumarin Derivatives: An In Silico and In Vitro Approach

Bashir A Sheikh, Basharat Ahmad Bhat, Humaira Zareen, Masood A Rizvi, Zahoor Ahmad, Mustfa Alkhanani, Abdullah Almilaibary, Suliman A Alsagaby, Manzoor Ahmad Mir

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Tuberculosis; Biscoumarins; Ligand molecules; DprE1; Anti-tuberculosis activity; Molecular docking; MD Simulation; Cytotoxicity

Online: 29 March 2023 (04:21:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0501.v1

Risk Factors of Breast Cancer Recurrence in Pathologic Complete Response Achieved by Patients Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Joon Young Choi, Doyoun Woen, Sung Yoon Jang, Hyunjun Lee, Dong Seung Shin, Youngji Kwak, Byung Joo Chae, Jonghan Yu, Jeong Eon Lee, Seok Won Kim, Seok Jin Nam, Jai Min Ryu

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: Breast Neoplasm; Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC); pathologic Complete Response (pCR); Risk Factor; recurrence

Online: 29 March 2023 (03:52:14 CEST)

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Background: Pathologic complete response (pCR) of breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is highly related to molecular subtypes. Patients who achieved tumor pCR after NAC have a better prognosis. However, despite of better prognosis, pCR patients have a potential for recurrence. There is little evidence of risk factors of recurrence in patients with pCR. We aim to analyze factors associated with tumor recurrence in patients who achieved pCR. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the data of patients diagnosed with breast cancer who achieved pCR after receiving NAC between January 2009 and December 2018 in Samsung Medical Center. pCR was defined as no residual invasive cancer in the breast and axillary nodes even if there is residual ductal carcinoma in situ (ypT0 or ypTis with ypN0). Breast cancers are classified into 4 subtypes based on hormone receptors (HR) and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. Patients who had bilateral breast cancer, inflammatory breast cancer, distant metastasis, unknown subtype, and histologically unique case were excluded from the study. Results: In total 483 patients were included in this study except for patients who corresponded to the exclusion criteria. The median follow-up duration was 59.0 months (range, 0.5-153.3 months). Breast cancer recurred in 4.1% of patients (20 of 483). There was a significant difference in clinical T (p = .004) and clinical N (p = .034) stage in the Kaplan-Meier curve for disease-free survival. Molecular subtypes (p = .573), Ki67 (p = 1.000), and breast surgery type (p = .574) were not associated with tumor recurrence in patients who achieved pCR after NAC. In the clinical T stage and clinical N stage, there was a significant difference between recurrence and no-recurrence groups (clinical T stage; p = .045, clinical N stage; p = .002). Univariable Cox regression revealed statistical significance in the clinical T stage (p = .049) and clinical N stage (p = .010), while multivariable Cox regression demonstrated non-significance in the clinical T stage (p = .320) and clinical N stage (p = .073). Conclusion: Results in this study showed that clinical T, clinical N stage, and molecular subtypes were not statistically significant predictors of recurrence in patients who achieved pCR after NAC. It is hypothesized that a multicenter-based study would lead to the identification of factors as predictors of recurrence after achieving pCR.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0420.v2

A Common Approach to Three Open Problems in Number Theory

Apoloniusz Tyszka

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Signal Processing Keywords: Brocard's problem; Brocard-Ramanujan equation x!+1=y^2; composite Fermat numbers; composite numbers of the form 2^(2^n)+1; Erd\"os' equation x(x+1)=y!

Online: 29 March 2023 (03:34:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0500.v1

The Role of Autophagy, Oxidative Damage, and Antioxidants in Eye Diseases, and the Need for Government Interventions and Education to Prevent Eye Diseases in the Digital Era

Sakthishreenidhi Manivel

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: Oxidative stress and cell death; Reactive oxygen species; ROS; ROS cell death; autophagy; role of antioxidants; eye disease; cornea; lens; epithelium; retinal ganglion cells; retinal pigment epithelium; macular degeneration; antioxidants in the macula; oxidative stress prevention with antioxidants; lifestyle changes; digital eye strain; glaucoma; cataracts; dry eye disease; computer vision syndrome; digital eye strain; diabetic retinopathy; Vitamin A; Vitamin C; copper; glutathione; zinc; selenium; magnesium; blue light damage; UV light damage; blue light reactive oxygen species; autophagy; ferroptosis; ROS cell death; superoxide dismutase; optic nerve gliomas; food deserts; myopia; free radicals

Online: 29 March 2023 (03:33:55 CEST)

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Increased screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic and the accelerated incorporation of technology into daily practices have directly contributed to the increased prevalence of eye disease. The human eye is not built for continual technological use and must adjust to exposure to digital screens. Overexposure to technology can result in eye strain and an increased risk of eye diseases such as myopia with complications later in life, including retinal tears, cataracts, and macular degeneration. As vision and ocular diseases become more prevalent, the study of eye diseases, including their causes and treatments, is especially relevant. There is a need to prevent ocular diseases before they become a burden to individuals, their families, and their communities by better understanding the pathophysiology of ocular diseases. Several ocular diseases are thought to be caused by imbalances in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy. ROS refers to a class of highly reactive oxygen-containing molecules that can undergo damaging reactions with other molecules in the cell. Autophagy is a cellular process of self-eating whereby damaged, harmful, or dead material in cells is broken down to maintain cellular homeostasis. This paper discusses the role of ROS and autophagy in the pathogenesis of computer vision syndrome (CVS), digital eye strain (DES), myopia, cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), optic nerve crush injury (OCN), optic nerve gliomas, and retinoblastoma. Lifestyle changes such as limiting screen time, ensuring adequate exposure to evening sunlight, and using blue light protection measures or protective eyewear are important in the prevention of eye disease. Nutrition also contributes significantly to eye health. A balanced diet rich in vitamins and antioxidants may help to prevent ROS and autophagy imbalance-induced eye disease. Medical and surgical treatments become necessary when preventative measures fail. This paper also addresses how government measures to decrease the onset of eye disease, including targeted programs to increase access to fresh vegetables and fruits in food deserts, are a critical macro-level avenue to reduce eye disease prevalence in the US, which according to the National Eye Institute, costs $139 billion yearly.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0499.v1

VXorPUF: A Vedic Principles - Based Hybrid XOR Arbiter PUF for Robust Security in IoMT

Md Ishtyaq Mahmud, Pintu Kumar Sadhu, Venkata P. Yanambaka, Ahmed Abdelgawad

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Internet of Medical Things; Arbiter PUF; security and privacy; physical unclonable function; machine learning; authentication framework

Online: 29 March 2023 (03:25:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0498.v1

A Machine Learning Algorithm Predicting Infant Psychomotor Developmental Delay Using Medical and Social Determinants

David Waynforth

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Applied Mathematics Keywords: Developmental milestones; artificial intelligence; classification algorithms; infant growth

Online: 29 March 2023 (03:06:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0497.v1

Cyber-attacks in Cyber Physical Microgrid Systems : A comprehensive Review

Sriranga Suprabhath Koduru, Venkata siva Prasad Machina, Sreedhar Madichetty

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Logic Keywords: Cyber physical systems 1; Cyber attacks 2; Artificial Intelligence 3; Machine learning 4; 8 Deep learning 5

Online: 29 March 2023 (02:48:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0496.v1

Phylogenetic Insights on the Delineation of Mysore and Malabar Subspecies of the Grey Slender Loris (Loris lydekkerianus) in Southern India

Vinay Teja, Shivakumara Manu, Honnavalli Kumara, Govindhaswamy Umapathy

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Electrochemistry Keywords: Grey slender loris; Mysore slender loris; Malabar slender loris; Phylogenetics

Online: 29 March 2023 (02:37:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0495.v1

Evaluation of Various Generalized Pareto Probability Distributions for Flood Frequency Analysis

Cristian Gabriel Anghel, Cornel Ilinca

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Hardware And Architecture Keywords: floods; frequency analysis; extreme value statistics; Pareto; Wakeby; estimation parameters; approximate form; method of ordinary moments; method of linear moments

Online: 29 March 2023 (02:29:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0345.v2

FTSO: Effective NAS via First Topology Second Operator

Likang Wang, Lei Chen

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: neural architecture search; machine learning; computer vision

Online: 29 March 2023 (02:14:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0494.v1

Mapping Malaria Vectors in West Africa: Drone Imagery and Deep-Learning Analysis for Targeted Vector Surveillance

Fedra Trujillano, Gabriel Jimenez Garay, Hugo Alatrista-Salas, Isabel Byrne, Miguel Nunez-del-Prado, Kallista Chan, Edgar Manrique, Emilia Johnson, Nombre Apollinaire, Pierre Kouame Kouakou, Welbeck A. Oumbouke, Alfred B. Tiono, Moussa W. Guelbeogo, Jo Lines, Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar, Kimberly Fornace

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Religious Studies Keywords: malaria vector; deep learning; image classification; drone images; epidemiological control

Online: 28 March 2023 (15:57:27 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0493.v1

Acute Appendicitis Associated With COVID-19 Managed With Individualized Classical Homeopathy: A Case Report

Pooja Dhamodar, Elif Esra, Seema Mahesh, Mahesh Mallappa, George Vithoulkas

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings And Films Keywords: Appendicitis; Children; Homeopathy; Individualized Medicine; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 28 March 2023 (15:48:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0492.v1

Prevalence of Malaria Parasitaemia and Associated Risk Factors Among Febrile Children Attending a Secondary Health Care Facility

JAMES A. NDAKO, Ogechukwu Y. Ozoadibe, Victor T. Dojumo, Iyanuoluwani J. Owolabi, Christy J. Ndako, Ogunmodede P. Tomisin, Remilekun M. Omoniy

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Inorganic And Nuclear Chemistry Keywords: Malaria parasitaemia; Risk factors; Malaria Diagnosis; infectious mode in children

Online: 28 March 2023 (14:58:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0491.v1

A Feasibility Study of Machine Learning Models for Cancer Rate Prediction

Shan Chen, Yuanzhao Ding

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: Cancer; Incidence; Mortality; Artificial Intelligence; Machine learning; Neural network

Online: 28 March 2023 (14:10:14 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0490.v1

An Proposed Algorithm for Generating Criteria Necessary to Establish Congruence between Two Convex N-Sided Polygons in Euclidean Geometry

Shakil Rafi

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: Triangles; Geometry; Euclidean Geometry

Online: 28 March 2023 (13:50:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0489.v1

An Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Set Based Classification for Anomaly Detection

Fokrul Alom Mazarbhuiya, Mohamed Shenify

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: Intuitionistic fuzzy sets; Fuzzy correlation; Fuzzy relation; -cut of a fuzzy relation; Similarity relation; Fuzzy lower and upper Approximation of sets.

Online: 28 March 2023 (12:46:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0488.v1

Development and Validation of the IAG Dynamic Stall Model in State-Space Representation for Wind Turbine Airfoils

Galih Bangga, Steven Parkinson, William Collier

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Robotics Keywords: aerodynamics; dynamic stall; engineering model; wind energy; wind turbine

Online: 28 March 2023 (12:43:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0487.v1

Delineation of Orchard, Vineyard, and Olive Trees Based on Spectral and Phenology Metrics using Time-Series of Sentinel-2 during 2016-2021

Mukhtar Adamu Abubakar, André Chanzy, Fabrice Flamain, Guillaume Pouget, Dominique Courault

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: woody crop classification; Sentinel-2; random forest; crop phenology; olive; orchard; vineyards; Mediterranean

Online: 28 March 2023 (11:19:29 CEST)

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The characteristics of the Sentinel-2 mission with a decametric resolution and frequent acquisitions allow to improve the identification of crops. The majority of the studies on crop classification using RS were targeted at herbaceous and gramineous crop classes while fewer results were obtained on woody crops which present a strong variability in management practices that make their identification difficult. Thus, this study aimed to propose a rapid, accurate, and cost-effective analytical approach for the delineation of fruit orchards (OC), vineyards (VY), and olive groves (OL) in the Mediterranean (Southern France) considering two locations. A classification based on phenology metrics (PM) de-rived from temporal Sentinel-2 time series was developed to perform the classification. The PM were computed by fitting a double logistic model on temporal profiles of vegeta-tion indices to delineate OC, VY, and a DC class gathering all remaining surfaces. The generated PM were introduced in a random forest (RF) algorithm to identify woody crops across the two sites. The method was tested on different vegetation indices, the best results being obtained with the leaf area index (LAI). To delineate OL in the DC class, the tem-poral features of the green chlorophyll vegetation index (GCVI) were found to be the most appropriated with a typical drop of the signal during the mid-season (DOY 150-250). As a final result, we obtained an overall accuracy ranging from 89-96% and Kappa of 0.86-0.95 by considering each study site and year (2016-2021), separately. This accuracy is much better than applying the RF algorithm on the LAI times series, which led to a Kappa rang-ing between 0.3 and 0.52 and demonstrates the interest of using phenological traits rather than the raw time series of the RS data. The method can be well reproduced from one year to another. Moreover, it is possible to apply the classification model of a given year to an-other, keeping good accuracy. This is an interesting feature to reduce the burden of col-lecting ground truth information. On the contrary, the use of a classification model cali-brated in one site and applied to another led to a strong degradation of the classification accuracy. Woody crop phenology is dependent on site climatic conditions as well as the cultivar and management practices that can differ from one site to another.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0486.v1

A Critical Analysis of Vulgar Language on OTT Platforms: A Systematic Review

Dr. Bharat Dhiman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: OTT; Vulgar Language; Vulgar Expletives; Profane Language; Web Series

Online: 28 March 2023 (10:54:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0485.v1

Thermal Fluctuations of Torus-like Charge AdS Black Hole

R. H. Ali, G. Abbas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Horticulture Keywords: Thermodynamics; Thermal fluctuation; Phase transition and Quasi normal modes

Online: 28 March 2023 (10:27:31 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0484.v1

Mitochondrial Bioenergy in Neural Disease: Huntington and Parkinson

Annalisa Tassone, Maria Meringolo, Giulia Ponterio, Paola Bonsi, Tommaso Schirinzi, Giuseppina Martella

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Paper, Wood And Textiles Keywords: movement disorders; mitochondria; energy metabolism; synaptic plasticity; basal ganglia; calcium

Online: 28 March 2023 (10:23:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0483.v1

Exploring Routes to Enhance the Calculation of Free Energy Differences via Nonequilibrium Work SQM/MM Switching Simulations by Using Hybrid Charge Intermediates Between MM and SQM Level of Theory or Non-linear Switching Schemes

Andreas Schoeller, H Lee Woodcock, Stefan Boresch

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: free energy; indirect thermodynamic cycle; non-equilibrium simulation

Online: 28 March 2023 (10:20:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0482.v1

Biology of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) On Several Types of Plant Feed: Potency as a Pest on Various Plants

Danar Dono, Retno Wulansari, Yusup Hidayat

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Film, Radio And Television Keywords: Fall army worm; insect biology; life table; nutritional indices; host suitability

Online: 28 March 2023 (10:11:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0481.v1

IRAPs in Combination with Highly Informative ISSRs Confer Effective Potentials for Genetic Diversity and Fidelity Assessment in Rhododendron

Sulin Wen, Hong Zhao, Manying Zhang, Guang Qiao, Xiaohui Shen

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Humanities Keywords: genetic fidelity; genetic diversity; IRAP; ISSR; Rhododendron

Online: 28 March 2023 (09:56:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0480.v1

Technologies and Data Analytics to Manage Grain Quality On-Farm: A Review

Cassandra Kiely Walker, Sahand Assadzadeh, Ashley Wallace, Audrey J Delahunty, Alexander Clancy, Linda McDonald, Glenn J Fitzgerald, James G Nuttall, Joe Panozzo

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Architecture Keywords: In-field; Spectroscopy; Image analysis; Machine Learning; Protein; Grain size.; Grain colour

Online: 28 March 2023 (09:39:53 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0479.v1

How Trustworthy is ChatGPT? The Case of Bibliometric Analyses

Faiza Farhat, Shahab Saquib Sohail, Dag Øivind Madsen

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: ChatGPT; bibliometrics; trustworthiness; artificial intelligence; chatbots

Online: 28 March 2023 (09:34:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0478.v1

Low-Pass Filter Based on Base Differential and Differential Difference Operational Amplifiers

Darya Denisenko, Nikolay Butyrlagin, Alexey Titov, Yuri Ivanov

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Logic Keywords: active filters; filtering theory; low-pass filter; voltage followers; pole frequency; quality factor; frequency response

Online: 28 March 2023 (09:26:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0477.v1

Expression of Concern With Regards to the Current Stages of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Zoonotic Spillover Into Humans

Theodor-Nicolae Carp

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Electronic, Optical And Magnetic Materials Keywords: H5N1; Influenza A; first-line immunity; interferon; mucosal antibodies; immune evasion; sialic acid receptor; natural lymphocytes; adaptive lymphocytes; monocytes; macrophages; cytokines

Online: 28 March 2023 (09:20:04 CEST)

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The Influenza A Virus (IAV) represents a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA-based virus that infects mammals mainly via the respiratory system, although other bodily systems are also infected and undergo various extents of inflammatory pathogenesis. There are two well-known strains of IAV that cause life-threatening disease in mammals; H1N1 and H5N1, and the first strain caused the 1918 IAV H1N1 pandemic that claimed between 30 and 50 million human lives. Due to the significant ability of IAV to evade important immune recognition, the virus was observed to favor the onset of secondary microbial infections (i.e. bacterial or fungal), as the overall performance of the immune system became transiently weakened during the viral infection. During the IAV H1N1 pandemic, many patients died as a result of bacterial pneumonia, as pathogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, gained a wider opportunity to colonize and infect vital areas of the lower respiratory tract, and such a phenomenon led to the excessive, prophylactic usage of antibiotics due to the increased levels of panic, which in turn favored the natural selection of bacteria with genes that became resistant to such antibiotics. Antibiotics might be required for usage solely when bacteria are known to be colonizing vital areas of the human body, and this aspect is tricky, as colonization is asymptomatic and screening is consequently rare. Recently, new variants of the avian IAV H5N1 strain were transmitted from live, infected birds to mammals, including humans in some isolated cases, and given that there have already been several zoonotic spillover events overall since the beginning of 2023, we are rapidly approaching the time when a zoonotic spillover into humans will mark the first epidemic outbreak of the avian flu in humans. A lethality rate of 60% was projected by the World Health Organization, as the virus was shown to favor the development of life-threatening hyper-inflammatory responses at the levels of alveolar tissues constituted by Type II pneumocytes. There are hints that novel variants of H5N1 are capable of infecting the intestinal layer, as recently, two dolphins died as a result of ingesting infected birds within the area of the British Isles. IAV is known to suppress the production and transmission of Type I Interferons by expressing various non-structural proteins (NSPs), such as NSP1, which was found to be also packaged into exosomes and transmitted to neighboring uninfected cells, thereby preventing them from responding to the virus in the first place. A more pronounced rate of innate immune evasion would probably be observed in H5N1 IAV infection than in the infection caused by recent variants of H1N1 IAV. The H5N1 strain of IAV was also found to secrete a higher concentration of NSP1 than SARS-CoV-2, indicating the existence of an association to the greater mortality rate of H5N1 IAV infection. A direct, prophylactic stimulation of the interferon system using a reduced oral or nasal dosage of recombinant anti-inflammatory and anti-viral interferon glycoproteins may represent the most viable approach to prevent an emergence of a life-threatening H5N1 IAV pandemic. A similar non-invasive approach could be developed for an Marburg Virus (MARV) and a Nipah Virus (NiV) infection of humans, as risks of the emergence of a Marburg epidemic and also of a Nipah epidemic may be substantial at this stage as well. Clinical testing of clinical approaches as such could be of critical importance at the moment. Animals could also benefit from related clinical approaches.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0422.v3

Approximate Numerical Procedures for the Navier-Stokes System Through the Generalized Method of Lines

Fabio Botelho

Subject: Keywords: Generalized method of lines; Navier-Stokes system; equivalent elliptic system

Online: 28 March 2023 (08:49:45 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0476.v1

An Alternative View of Familial Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics

Michael Lardelli

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Electrochemistry Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease; Familial Alzheimer Disease (FAD); presenilins; Amyloid beta Precursor Protein; mutation

Online: 28 March 2023 (08:24:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0023.v9

Bell's Theorem Begs the Question

Joy Christian

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Bell’s theorem; local realism; Bell-CHSH inequalities; quantum correlations; Bell-test experimentsexperiments

Online: 28 March 2023 (05:39:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0475.v1

Menstrual Attitudes in the U.S. and China: Insights from Mobile Menstrual Tracking Applications for Teenagers

Sisi Peng, Yuyin Yang, Martie G Haselton

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Emergency Medicine Keywords: adolescents; menstruation; sexual and reproductive health; informatics; mobile health

Online: 28 March 2023 (05:37:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0474.v1

Infection and Social Dislocation: Wellbeing Impacts of COVID-19 on Children and Young People - Perspectives of Rwandan Leaders

Pamela Abbott, Agnes Bingwaho, Eilidh Cowan, Lucia D'Ambruoso

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Covid-19; children and adolescents; Rwanda; structural inequalities; post colonialism

Online: 28 March 2023 (05:33:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0541.v5

A Solution of The Collatz Conjecture Problem

baoyuan duan

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Signal Processing Keywords: Collatz conjecture, (*3+1)/2^k odd sequence, (*3+2^m-1)/2^k odd sequence, (*3+2^m-1)/2^k odd tree, weight function

Online: 28 March 2023 (05:32:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0473.v1

ChatGPT for Education and Research: Opportunities, Threats, and Strategies

Md. Mostafizer Rahman, Yutaka Watanobe

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: ChatGPT; educational technology; research; programming education; large language model; GPT-3; artificial intelligence

Online: 28 March 2023 (04:14:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0472.v1

Nano-Therapeutic Approaches to Treat COVID Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis

Shrey Kanvinde, Suyash Deodhar, Tanmay A. Kulkarni, Chinmay M. Jogdeo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; pulmonary fibrosis; coronavirus; nanoparticles; nanomedicine; pandemic; acute respiratory syndrome

Online: 28 March 2023 (03:59:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0471.v1

Marangoni Flow Investigation in Foam Fractionation Phenomenon

Nastaran Rezaee, John Aunna, Jamal Naser

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: Foam; Node; Film; Marangoni flow; Plateau Border; Bubble; Reflux; Foam fractionation

Online: 28 March 2023 (03:54:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0470.v1

Design and Development of an Intelligent Clinical Decision Support System Applied towards the Diagnosis of Suspected Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients from the Patient’s Health Profile and Symptomatology

Manuel Casal-Guisande, Laura Ceide-Sandoval, Mar Mosteiro-Añón, María Torres-Durán, Jorge Cerqueiro-Pequeño, José-Benito Bouza-Rodríguez, Alberto Fernández-Villar, Alberto Comesaña-Campos

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Geometry And Topology Keywords: design; clinical decision support systems; intelligent systems; expert systems; Machine Learning; decision-making; medical algorithm; design science research.; obstructive sleep apnea

Online: 28 March 2023 (03:18:38 CEST)

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Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is nowadays one of the respiratory pathologies with a higher in-cidence globally in developed countries. This situation led to an increase in the demand for medical appointments and diagnostic studies related to that condition, especially those based on poly-somnographies and cardiorespiratory polygraphies. These studies are limited in resources, causing long waiting lists with the subsequent impact on the patients’ health. Furthermore, it is necessary to mention that OSA’s symptomatology is not very specific, and it is typically present in the general population (excessive sleepiness, snore, etc.). In this regard, this paper proposes a novel intelligent clinical decision support system for the diagnosis of OSA which could be used to help medical teams, both in primary care settings and in units specialized in respiratory pathologies. The aim of the proposed system is to help discriminate the patients suspected of suffering from the pathology from those who are not. To this end, two types of information sets of heterogeneous nature are consid-ered. The first one encompasses objective data, related to the patient's health profile with infor-mation usually available in electronic health records. The second type comprises subjective data, referred to the symptomatology reported by the patient in a previous interview. To process the first group of information, a Machine Learning classification algorithm is used, Bagged Trees in this case. For processing the second information set, related with the symptomatology of the patient, a col-lection of expert systems based on fuzzy inferential systems arranged in cascade are employed. As a result, the system is able to determine two risk indicators related to the patient's risk of suffering from OSA: the Statistical Risk and the Symbolic Risk respectively. Subsequently, by interpreting both risk indicators mentioned it will be possible to determine the severity of the patients’ health, proposing a preliminary evaluation on their condition. For the initial tests of the system, a software artifact has been built using a dataset with 4,978 selected patients, suspected of suffering from OSA, from the Álvaro Cunqueiro Hospital in Vigo. The results obtained are promising, demonstrating the potential usefulness of this type of tools in medical diagnosis. Once the system has been validated with new data from clinical environments, it is considered as possible to obtain a relevant improvement in the quality of the healthcare services, and a reduction in the associated costs.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0469.v1

Thoron gas measurement using an airflow-through scintillation cell with consideration for progeny deposition

Chao Zhao, Jiayu Liu, Yanliang Chen, Linfeng He, Fangdong Tang, Weihai Zhuo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: thoron measurement; airflow-through scintillation cell; progeny accumulation effect; compartment model; low-level measurement; calibration

Online: 28 March 2023 (02:49:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0468.v1

The Effects of Tourism on Local Development in Protected Nature Areas: The Case of Three Nature Parks of Sierra Morena (Andalusia, Spain)

María Bahamonde-Rodríguez, Giedrė Šadeikaitė, Francisco Javier García-Delgado

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: local development; Nature Parks; Sierra Morena; stakeholders; tourism

Online: 28 March 2023 (02:43:43 CEST)

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