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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0219.v2

When to Use Large Language Model: Upper Bound Analysis of BM25 Algorithms in Reading Comprehension Task

Tingzhen Liu, Qianqian Xiong, Shengxi Zhang

Subject: Artificial Intelligence & Robotics, Mathematics & Computer Science Keywords: Large Language Model; natural language processing; reading comprehension; computational lin-guistics; information retrieval; BM25

Online: 30 March 2023 (03:51:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0523.v1

Efficacy and feasibility of SMS m-Health for the detection of adverse events following immunisation (AEFIs) in resource-limited setting-The Zimbabwe stimulated telephone assisted rapid safety surveillance (Zm-STARSS) randomised control trial.

Priscilla Patricia Munyaradzi Nyambayo, Michael Gold, Ushma Mehta, Stephen Clark, Rumbidzai Manyevere, Libert Chirinda, Edlyne Zifamba, Tatenda Nyamandi

Subject: Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medicine & Pharmacology Keywords: Zimbabwe Stimulated Telephone Assisted Rapid Safety Surveillance (Zm-STARSS), mHealth active participant-centred (MAPC) Adverse Events Following Immunisation(AEFI) surveillance.

Online: 30 March 2023 (03:51:08 CEST)

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Abstract Introduction: The mHealth active participant centred (MAPC) adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) surveillance is a promising area for early AEFI detection resulting in risk minimisation. Passive (spontaneous) AEFI surveillance is the backbone for vaccine pharmacovigilance, but has inherent drawbacks of under reporting, and requires strengthening with active surveillance methods. The Zimbabwe stimulated telephone assisted rapid safety surveillance (Zm-STARSS) randomized controlled trial (RCT) sought to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of AEFI detection using a short message service (SMS) and computer assisted telephone interview (CATI) approach. Method: A multicentre Zm-STARSS RCT enrolled consented adult vaccinees or parents or guardians of children receiving vaccines, including COVID-19 vaccines, at study vaccination clinics. At enrolment study participants were randomised to either SMS-CATI group or control group. SMS prompts were sent on days 0-2 and 14 post-vaccination to SMS-CATI group to ascertain if a medical event following immunisation (MEFI) had occurred. However, no SMSs were sent to the control group. SMS-CATI group who responded “Yes” to SMS prompts were interviewed by research healthcare workers (RHCWs) who completed a CATI to determine if an MEFI/AEFI had occurred whilst an AEFI in control group was determined from passive AEFI reporting channels. The primary study outcome was the AEFI detection rate in the SMS-CATI group compared to the control group. Results: A total of 704 (31%) participants responded to the SMS prompts, with 75% (528/704) indicating “No” and 25% (176/704) "Yes” to experiencing a MEFI. However, 31% (55/176) who responded “Yes” did not complete a CATI survey, but 69% (121/176) did; and 64% (77/121) of these indicated negative to AEFI experience whilst 36% (44/121) were affirmative. There were no AEFI reported in control group participants. Zm-STARSS showed promising results in that the AEFI detection rate using SMS-CATI was 2% (44/2280) on an intention to treat cohort. Conclusion: Despite the low SMS response and CATI completion rate, we demonstrated that Zm-STARSS SMS system improves AEFI detection compared to passive AEFI surveillance. We recommend cost-effective multi-channel digital approaches for holistic pharmacovigilance to improve AEFI detection in LMICs for all vaccines.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0475.v2

Menstrual Attitudes in the U.S. and China: Insights from Mobile Menstrual Tracking Applications for Teenagers

Sisi Peng, Yuyin Yang, Martie G Haselton

Subject: Other, Social Sciences Keywords: adolescents; menstruation; sexual and reproductive health; informatics; mobile health

Online: 30 March 2023 (03:33:26 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0522.v1

A Proposed Model of Xeno-Keratoplasty Using 3D Printing and Decellularization

Xinyu Wang, Rawdah Elbahrawi, Azhar Mohamud Abdukadir, Zehara Mohammed Ali, Peter Corridon

Subject: Ophthalmology, Medicine & Pharmacology Keywords: cornea; xeno-keratoplasty; decellularization; recellularization; 3D bioprinting; slaughterhouse waste

Online: 30 March 2023 (03:30:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0521.v1

Pathophysiological Effects of Contemporary Lifestyle on Evolutionary-Conserved Survival Mechanisms that Disturb the Hallmarks of Health in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Jim Parker

Subject: Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Medicine & Pharmacology Keywords: polycystic ovary syndrome; evolution; inflammation; insulin resistance; hyperinsulinemia; immune; infertility; endocrine disrupting chemicals; environment; lifestyle; diet

Online: 30 March 2023 (03:19:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0520.v1

Α Rapid Seismic Damage Assessment (RASDA) tool for RC Buildings based on an Artificial Intelligence Algorithms

Konstantinos Morfidis, Sotiria Stefanidou, Olga Markogiannaki

Subject: Civil Engineering, Engineering Keywords: Seismic damage assessment; Artificial Neural Networks; Pattern Recognition; Software Development; RC Buildings

Online: 30 March 2023 (03:09:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0519.v1

Spatial-Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Interrelationship of Sulfur and Iron Compounds in Sediments: A Model Study in the Closed-Section of Mikawa Bay, Japan

Mitsuyasu Waku, Ryota Sone, Tetsunori Inoue, Toshiro Ishida, Teruaki Suzuki

Subject: Ecology, Biology Keywords: dissolved sulfide; iron; hypoxia; buffering capacity; environmental restoration; coastal waters; Mikawa Bay; dead zone

Online: 30 March 2023 (02:58:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0518.v1

Detrital Zircon Geochronology of the Volyn-Orsha Sedimentary Basin in Western Ukraine: Implications for the Meso-Neoproterozoic History of Baltica and Possible Link to Amazonia and the Grenvillian – Sveconorwegian – Sunsas Orogenic Belt

Leonid Shumlyanskyy, Andrey Bekker, Iryna Tarasko, Ion Francovschi, Simon A. Wilde, Victor Melnychuk

Subject: Geology, Earth Sciences Keywords: Mesoproterozoic; Neoproterozoic; Baltica; Amazonia; detrital zircon; Volyn-Orsha basin

Online: 30 March 2023 (02:53:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0517.v1

Hearing Assistive Technology Facilitates Sentence-in-Noise Recognition in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Suyun Xu, Juan Fan, Hua Zhang, Minyue Zhang, Hang Zhao, Xiaoming Jiang, Hongwei Ding, Yang Zhang

Subject: Developmental Psychology, Behavioral Sciences Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; Auditory stream segregation; Hearing assistive technology; Speech-in-noise perception; Tonal language speakers

Online: 30 March 2023 (02:52:15 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0367.v8

Defining the Most Generalized, Natural Extension of the Expected Value on Measurable Functions

Bharath Krishnan

Subject: General Mathematics, Mathematics & Computer Science Keywords: Prevalence; Expected Value; Uniform Measure; Measure theory; Uniform Cover; Entropy; Sample; Linear; Superlinear; Choice Function; Bernard's Paradox; Pseudo-random

Online: 30 March 2023 (02:46:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0516.v1

Microfactory for Valorization of E-waste Plastics (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene, Polycarbonate, and Polypropylene) on Additive Manufacturing Sector

Alejandro Moure Abelenda, Farid Aiouache

Subject: Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Engineering Keywords: Melt-blend extrusion; 3D filament; brominated flame retardants; solvent extraction; acetone smoothing

Online: 30 March 2023 (02:41:32 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0515.v1

Key Epidemic Parameters of the SIRV-Model Determined from Past COVID-19 Mutant Waves

Reinhard Schlickeiser, Martin Kröger

Subject: Virology, Life Sciences Keywords: coronavirus; statistical analysis; extrapolation; parameter estimation; pandemic spreading

Online: 30 March 2023 (02:30:40 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0514.v1

Detecting the Unseen: Understanding the Mechanisms and Working Principles of Earthquake Sensors

Bingwei Tian, Wenrui Liu, Haozhou Mo, Wang Li, Tenglong Quan, Yuting Wang, Basanta Raj Adhikari

Subject: Geoinformatics, Earth Sciences Keywords: sensors; earthquake DRR; monitoring; early warning; search and rescue

Online: 29 March 2023 (16:36:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0513.v1

Ethical Issues and Challenges in Social Media: A Current Scenario

Dr. Bharat Dhiman

Subject: Media Studies, Arts & Humanities Keywords: Ethics, Social Media; Facebook; Instagram; Snapchat; Personal Information

Online: 29 March 2023 (15:39:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0512.v1

Kruskal-Szekeres Coordinates as Extrinsic Coordinates of the Schwarzschild Metric

Christopher Laforet

Subject: General & Theoretical Physics, Physical Sciences Keywords: Black holes; General Relativity; Schwarzschild metric

Online: 29 March 2023 (14:31:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0511.v1

Thermal Profiles in Water Injection Wells: Reduction of the Systematic Error in the Flow Measurement During the Transitory Regime

German Alberto Echaiz Espinoza, Gabriel Pereira de Oliveira, Verivan Santos Lima, Diego Antonio de Moura Fonseca, Carla Wilza Souza de Paula Maitelli, Elmer Rolando Llanos Villarreal, Andrés Ortiz Salazar

Subject: Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Engineering Keywords: Oil reservoir; Thermal Profile; Geothermal Profile; Flow Rate Injection

Online: 29 March 2023 (14:12:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0510.v1

Machine Learning and Explainable Artificial Intelligence using Counterfactual Explanations for Evaluating Posture Parameters

Carlo Dindorf, Oliver Ludwig, Steven Simon, Stephan Becker, Michael Fröhlich

Subject: Other, Life Sciences Keywords: biomechanics; posture; hyperlordosis; hyperkyphosis; machine learning; artificial intelligence; explainable artificial intelligence; human-in-the-loop; confident learning; label errors

Online: 29 March 2023 (14:08:32 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0509.v1

Measurements of the Cross Section for The tt¯ Heavy-flavor Production at the LHC+

Jorgen D'Hondt, Tae Jeong Kim

Subject: Nuclear & High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences Keywords: top quark; heavy-flavor; Higgs boson

Online: 29 March 2023 (14:07:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0508.v1

Crystalline Flat Surface Recovered by High Temperature Annealing after Laser Ablation

Daniel Smith, Soon Ng, Tomas Katkus, Daniel Moraru, Saulius Juodkazis

Subject: Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: ablation; light-matter interaction; femtosecond lasers; nanoscale; high temperature annealing

Online: 29 March 2023 (11:50:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0507.v1

UAV-LiDAR-based 3D Mapping of Apple Orchards and Automatic Georeferencing of Segmented Apple Tree Locations

Nishiwaki Soki, Takanori Emaru

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geoinformatics Keywords: UAV; LiDAR; Apple Orchard; georeferencing; GNSS

Online: 29 March 2023 (11:47:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0506.v1

The Macroscopic Mechanical Equilibrium Condition Governing and Supporting Equilibrium States: the Physical Origin of the Equation of State

Gang Liu

Subject: Physical Sciences, General & Theoretical Physics Keywords: Equilibrium Conditions; Equation of State

Online: 29 March 2023 (10:58:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0505.v1

Detecting Emotional Prosody in Real Words: Electrophysiological Evidence from a Multi-Feature Oddball Paradigm

Chieh Kao, Yang Zhang

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: emotional prosody; multi-feature oddball; mismatch negativity (MMN); P3a

Online: 29 March 2023 (10:55:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0504.v1

The Exceptional Jordan Algebra, and Its Implications for Our Understanding of Gravitation and the Weak Force

Tejinder Singh

Subject: Physical Sciences, General & Theoretical Physics Keywords: Exceptional Jordan algebra; octonions; standard model of particle physics; general relativity; weak interaction; Modified Newtonian Dynamics

Online: 29 March 2023 (07:13:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0503.v1

Time Crystals, Their Networks, and Self-Organized Vacuum

Vladimir A. Manasson

Subject: Physical Sciences, Other Keywords: dynamical systems; self-organization; temporal periodicity; attractor topology; phase transitions; synchronization patterns; physical vacuum; elementary particles; unification of forces

Online: 29 March 2023 (07:08:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0502.v1

Antituberculosis Propensity of Synthetic Biscoumarin Derivatives: An In Silico and In Vitro Approach

Bashir A Sheikh, Basharat Ahmad Bhat, Humaira Zareen, Masood A Rizvi, Zahoor Ahmad, Mustfa Alkhanani, Abdullah Almilaibary, Suliman A Alsagaby, Manzoor Ahmad Mir

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Pharmacology & Toxicology Keywords: Tuberculosis; Biscoumarins; Ligand molecules; DprE1; Anti-tuberculosis activity; Molecular docking; MD Simulation; Cytotoxicity

Online: 29 March 2023 (04:21:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0501.v1

Risk Factors of Breast Cancer Recurrence in Pathologic Complete Response Achieved by Patients Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Joon Young Choi, Doyoun Woen, Sung Yoon Jang, Hyunjun Lee, Dong Seung Shin, Youngji Kwak, Byung Joo Chae, Jonghan Yu, Jeong Eon Lee, Seok Won Kim, Seok Jin Nam, Jai Min Ryu

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Oncology & Oncogenics Keywords: Breast Neoplasm; Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC); pathologic Complete Response (pCR); Risk Factor; recurrence

Online: 29 March 2023 (03:52:14 CEST)

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Background: Pathologic complete response (pCR) of breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is highly related to molecular subtypes. Patients who achieved tumor pCR after NAC have a better prognosis. However, despite of better prognosis, pCR patients have a potential for recurrence. There is little evidence of risk factors of recurrence in patients with pCR. We aim to analyze factors associated with tumor recurrence in patients who achieved pCR. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the data of patients diagnosed with breast cancer who achieved pCR after receiving NAC between January 2009 and December 2018 in Samsung Medical Center. pCR was defined as no residual invasive cancer in the breast and axillary nodes even if there is residual ductal carcinoma in situ (ypT0 or ypTis with ypN0). Breast cancers are classified into 4 subtypes based on hormone receptors (HR) and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. Patients who had bilateral breast cancer, inflammatory breast cancer, distant metastasis, unknown subtype, and histologically unique case were excluded from the study. Results: In total 483 patients were included in this study except for patients who corresponded to the exclusion criteria. The median follow-up duration was 59.0 months (range, 0.5-153.3 months). Breast cancer recurred in 4.1% of patients (20 of 483). There was a significant difference in clinical T (p = .004) and clinical N (p = .034) stage in the Kaplan-Meier curve for disease-free survival. Molecular subtypes (p = .573), Ki67 (p = 1.000), and breast surgery type (p = .574) were not associated with tumor recurrence in patients who achieved pCR after NAC. In the clinical T stage and clinical N stage, there was a significant difference between recurrence and no-recurrence groups (clinical T stage; p = .045, clinical N stage; p = .002). Univariable Cox regression revealed statistical significance in the clinical T stage (p = .049) and clinical N stage (p = .010), while multivariable Cox regression demonstrated non-significance in the clinical T stage (p = .320) and clinical N stage (p = .073). Conclusion: Results in this study showed that clinical T, clinical N stage, and molecular subtypes were not statistically significant predictors of recurrence in patients who achieved pCR after NAC. It is hypothesized that a multicenter-based study would lead to the identification of factors as predictors of recurrence after achieving pCR.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0420.v2

A Common Approach to Three Open Problems in Number Theory

Apoloniusz Tyszka

Subject: Mathematics & Computer Science, Algebra & Number Theory Keywords: Brocard's problem; Brocard-Ramanujan equation x!+1=y^2; composite Fermat numbers; composite numbers of the form 2^(2^n)+1; Erd\"os' equation x(x+1)=y!

Online: 29 March 2023 (03:34:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0500.v1

The Role of Autophagy, Oxidative Damage, and Antioxidants in Eye Diseases, and the Need for Government Interventions and Education to Prevent Eye Diseases in the Digital Era

Sakthishreenidhi Manivel

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Oxidative stress and cell death; Reactive oxygen species; ROS; ROS cell death; autophagy; role of antioxidants; eye disease; cornea; lens; epithelium; retinal ganglion cells; retinal pigment epithelium; macular degeneration; antioxidants in the macula; oxidative stress prevention with antioxidants; lifestyle changes; digital eye strain; glaucoma; cataracts; dry eye disease; computer vision syndrome; digital eye strain; diabetic retinopathy; Vitamin A; Vitamin C; copper; glutathione; zinc; selenium; magnesium; blue light damage; UV light damage; blue light reactive oxygen species; autophagy; ferroptosis; ROS cell death; superoxide dismutase; optic nerve gliomas; food deserts; myopia; free radicals

Online: 29 March 2023 (03:33:55 CEST)

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Increased screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic and the accelerated incorporation of technology into daily practices have directly contributed to the increased prevalence of eye disease. The human eye is not built for continual technological use and must adjust to exposure to digital screens. Overexposure to technology can result in eye strain and an increased risk of eye diseases such as myopia with complications later in life, including retinal tears, cataracts, and macular degeneration. As vision and ocular diseases become more prevalent, the study of eye diseases, including their causes and treatments, is especially relevant. There is a need to prevent ocular diseases before they become a burden to individuals, their families, and their communities by better understanding the pathophysiology of ocular diseases. Several ocular diseases are thought to be caused by imbalances in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy. ROS refers to a class of highly reactive oxygen-containing molecules that can undergo damaging reactions with other molecules in the cell. Autophagy is a cellular process of self-eating whereby damaged, harmful, or dead material in cells is broken down to maintain cellular homeostasis. This paper discusses the role of ROS and autophagy in the pathogenesis of computer vision syndrome (CVS), digital eye strain (DES), myopia, cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), optic nerve crush injury (OCN), optic nerve gliomas, and retinoblastoma. Lifestyle changes such as limiting screen time, ensuring adequate exposure to evening sunlight, and using blue light protection measures or protective eyewear are important in the prevention of eye disease. Nutrition also contributes significantly to eye health. A balanced diet rich in vitamins and antioxidants may help to prevent ROS and autophagy imbalance-induced eye disease. Medical and surgical treatments become necessary when preventative measures fail. This paper also addresses how government measures to decrease the onset of eye disease, including targeted programs to increase access to fresh vegetables and fruits in food deserts, are a critical macro-level avenue to reduce eye disease prevalence in the US, which according to the National Eye Institute, costs $139 billion yearly.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0499.v1

VXorPUF: A Vedic Principles - Based Hybrid XOR Arbiter PUF for Robust Security in IoMT

Md Ishtyaq Mahmud, Pintu Kumar Sadhu, Venkata P. Yanambaka, Ahmed Abdelgawad

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: Internet of Medical Things; Arbiter PUF; security and privacy; physical unclonable function; machine learning; authentication framework

Online: 29 March 2023 (03:25:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0498.v1

A Machine Learning Algorithm Predicting Infant Psychomotor Developmental Delay Using Medical and Social Determinants

David Waynforth

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Pediatrics Keywords: Developmental milestones; artificial intelligence; classification algorithms; infant growth

Online: 29 March 2023 (03:06:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0497.v1

Cyber-attacks in Cyber Physical Microgrid Systems : A comprehensive Review

Sriranga Suprabhath Koduru, Venkata siva Prasad Machina, Sreedhar Madichetty

Subject: Engineering, Electrical & Electronic Engineering Keywords: Cyber physical systems 1; Cyber attacks 2; Artificial Intelligence 3; Machine learning 4; 8 Deep learning 5

Online: 29 March 2023 (02:48:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0496.v1

Phylogenetic Insights on the Delineation of Mysore and Malabar Subspecies of the Grey Slender Loris (Loris lydekkerianus) in Southern India

Vinay Teja, Shivakumara Manu, Honnavalli Kumara, Govindhaswamy Umapathy

Subject: Life Sciences, Genetics Keywords: Grey slender loris; Mysore slender loris; Malabar slender loris; Phylogenetics

Online: 29 March 2023 (02:37:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0495.v1

Evaluation of Various Generalized Pareto Probability Distributions for Flood Frequency Analysis

Cristian Gabriel Anghel, Cornel Ilinca

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: floods; frequency analysis; extreme value statistics; Pareto; Wakeby; estimation parameters; approximate form; method of ordinary moments; method of linear moments

Online: 29 March 2023 (02:29:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0345.v2

FTSO: Effective NAS via First Topology Second Operator

Likang Wang, Lei Chen

Subject: Mathematics & Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence & Robotics Keywords: neural architecture search; machine learning; computer vision

Online: 29 March 2023 (02:14:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0494.v1

Mapping Malaria Vectors in West Africa: Drone Imagery and Deep-Learning Analysis for Targeted Vector Surveillance

Fedra Trujillano, Gabriel Jimenez Garay, Hugo Alatrista-Salas, Isabel Byrne, Miguel Nunez-del-Prado, Kallista Chan, Edgar Manrique, Emilia Johnson, Nombre Apollinaire, Pierre Kouame Kouakou, Welbeck A. Oumbouke, Alfred B. Tiono, Moussa W. Guelbeogo, Jo Lines, Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar, Kimberly Fornace

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geoinformatics Keywords: malaria vector; deep learning; image classification; drone images; epidemiological control

Online: 28 March 2023 (15:57:27 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0493.v1

Acute Appendicitis Associated With COVID-19 Managed With Individualized Classical Homeopathy: A Case Report

Pooja Dhamodar, Elif Esra, Seema Mahesh, Mahesh Mallappa, George Vithoulkas

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Gastroenterology Keywords: Appendicitis; Children; Homeopathy; Individualized Medicine; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 28 March 2023 (15:48:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0492.v1

Prevalence of Malaria Parasitaemia and Associated Risk Factors Among Febrile Children Attending a Secondary Health Care Facility

JAMES A. NDAKO, Ogechukwu Y. Ozoadibe, Victor T. Dojumo, Iyanuoluwani J. Owolabi, Christy J. Ndako, Ogunmodede P. Tomisin, Remilekun M. Omoniy

Subject: Life Sciences, Microbiology Keywords: Malaria parasitaemia; Risk factors; Malaria Diagnosis; infectious mode in children

Online: 28 March 2023 (14:58:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0491.v1

A Feasibility Study of Machine Learning Models for Cancer Rate Prediction

Shan Chen, Yuanzhao Ding

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Oncology & Oncogenics Keywords: Cancer; Incidence; Mortality; Artificial Intelligence; Machine learning; Neural network

Online: 28 March 2023 (14:10:14 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0490.v1

An Proposed Algorithm for Generating Criteria Necessary to Establish Congruence between Two Convex N-Sided Polygons in Euclidean Geometry

Shakil Rafi

Subject: Mathematics & Computer Science, Geometry & Topology Keywords: Triangles; Geometry; Euclidean Geometry

Online: 28 March 2023 (13:50:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0489.v1

An Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Set Based Classification for Anomaly Detection

Fokrul Alom Mazarbhuiya, Mohamed Shenify

Subject: Mathematics & Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence & Robotics Keywords: Intuitionistic fuzzy sets; Fuzzy correlation; Fuzzy relation; -cut of a fuzzy relation; Similarity relation; Fuzzy lower and upper Approximation of sets.

Online: 28 March 2023 (12:46:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0488.v1

Development and Validation of the IAG Dynamic Stall Model in State-Space Representation for Wind Turbine Airfoils

Galih Bangga, Steven Parkinson, William Collier

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: aerodynamics; dynamic stall; engineering model; wind energy; wind turbine

Online: 28 March 2023 (12:43:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0487.v1

Delineation of Orchard, Vineyard, and Olive Trees Based on Spectral and Phenology Metrics using Time-Series of Sentinel-2 during 2016-2021

Mukhtar Adamu Abubakar, André Chanzy, Fabrice Flamain, Guillaume Pouget, Dominique Courault

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: woody crop classification; Sentinel-2; random forest; crop phenology; olive; orchard; vineyards; Mediterranean

Online: 28 March 2023 (11:19:29 CEST)

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The characteristics of the Sentinel-2 mission with a decametric resolution and frequent acquisitions allow to improve the identification of crops. The majority of the studies on crop classification using RS were targeted at herbaceous and gramineous crop classes while fewer results were obtained on woody crops which present a strong variability in management practices that make their identification difficult. Thus, this study aimed to propose a rapid, accurate, and cost-effective analytical approach for the delineation of fruit orchards (OC), vineyards (VY), and olive groves (OL) in the Mediterranean (Southern France) considering two locations. A classification based on phenology metrics (PM) de-rived from temporal Sentinel-2 time series was developed to perform the classification. The PM were computed by fitting a double logistic model on temporal profiles of vegeta-tion indices to delineate OC, VY, and a DC class gathering all remaining surfaces. The generated PM were introduced in a random forest (RF) algorithm to identify woody crops across the two sites. The method was tested on different vegetation indices, the best results being obtained with the leaf area index (LAI). To delineate OL in the DC class, the tem-poral features of the green chlorophyll vegetation index (GCVI) were found to be the most appropriated with a typical drop of the signal during the mid-season (DOY 150-250). As a final result, we obtained an overall accuracy ranging from 89-96% and Kappa of 0.86-0.95 by considering each study site and year (2016-2021), separately. This accuracy is much better than applying the RF algorithm on the LAI times series, which led to a Kappa rang-ing between 0.3 and 0.52 and demonstrates the interest of using phenological traits rather than the raw time series of the RS data. The method can be well reproduced from one year to another. Moreover, it is possible to apply the classification model of a given year to an-other, keeping good accuracy. This is an interesting feature to reduce the burden of col-lecting ground truth information. On the contrary, the use of a classification model cali-brated in one site and applied to another led to a strong degradation of the classification accuracy. Woody crop phenology is dependent on site climatic conditions as well as the cultivar and management practices that can differ from one site to another.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0486.v1

A Critical Analysis of Vulgar Language on OTT Platforms: A Systematic Review

Dr. Bharat Dhiman

Subject: Arts & Humanities, Media Studies Keywords: OTT; Vulgar Language; Vulgar Expletives; Profane Language; Web Series

Online: 28 March 2023 (10:54:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0485.v1

Thermal Fluctuations of Torus-like Charge AdS Black Hole

R. H. Ali, G. Abbas

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle & Field Physics Keywords: Thermodynamics; Thermal fluctuation; Phase transition and Quasi normal modes

Online: 28 March 2023 (10:27:31 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0484.v1

Mitochondrial Bioenergy in Neural Disease: Huntington and Parkinson

Annalisa Tassone, Maria Meringolo, Giulia Ponterio, Paola Bonsi, Tommaso Schirinzi, Giuseppina Martella

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Clinical Neurology Keywords: movement disorders; mitochondria; energy metabolism; synaptic plasticity; basal ganglia; calcium

Online: 28 March 2023 (10:23:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0483.v1

Exploring Routes to Enhance the Calculation of Free Energy Differences via Nonequilibrium Work SQM/MM Switching Simulations by Using Hybrid Charge Intermediates Between MM and SQM Level of Theory or Non-linear Switching Schemes

Andreas Schoeller, H Lee Woodcock, Stefan Boresch

Subject: Chemistry, General & Theoretical Chemistry Keywords: free energy; indirect thermodynamic cycle; non-equilibrium simulation

Online: 28 March 2023 (10:20:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0482.v1

Biology of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) On Several Types of Plant Feed: Potency as a Pest on Various Plants

Danar Dono, Retno Wulansari, Yusup Hidayat

Subject: Biology, Entomology Keywords: Fall army worm; insect biology; life table; nutritional indices; host suitability

Online: 28 March 2023 (10:11:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0481.v1

IRAPs in Combination with Highly Informative ISSRs Confer Effective Potentials for Genetic Diversity and Fidelity Assessment in Rhododendron

Sulin Wen, Hong Zhao, Manying Zhang, Guang Qiao, Xiaohui Shen

Subject: Biology, Horticulture Keywords: genetic fidelity; genetic diversity; IRAP; ISSR; Rhododendron

Online: 28 March 2023 (09:56:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0480.v1

Technologies and Data Analytics to Manage Grain Quality On-Farm: A Review

Cassandra Kiely Walker, Sahand Assadzadeh, Ashley Wallace, Audrey J Delahunty, Alexander Clancy, Linda McDonald, Glenn J Fitzgerald, James G Nuttall, Joe Panozzo

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: In-field; Spectroscopy; Image analysis; Machine Learning; Protein; Grain size.; Grain colour

Online: 28 March 2023 (09:39:53 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0479.v1

How Trustworthy is ChatGPT? The Case of Bibliometric Analyses

Faiza Farhat, Shahab Saquib Sohail, Dag Øivind Madsen

Subject: Social Sciences, Library & Information Science Keywords: ChatGPT; bibliometrics; trustworthiness; artificial intelligence; chatbots

Online: 28 March 2023 (09:34:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0478.v1

Low-Pass Filter Based on Base Differential and Differential Difference Operational Amplifiers

Darya Denisenko, Nikolay Butyrlagin, Alexey Titov, Yuri Ivanov

Subject: Engineering, Electrical & Electronic Engineering Keywords: active filters; filtering theory; low-pass filter; voltage followers; pole frequency; quality factor; frequency response

Online: 28 March 2023 (09:26:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0477.v1

Expression of Concern With Regards to the Current Stages of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Zoonotic Spillover Into Humans

Theodor-Nicolae Carp

Subject: Life Sciences, Immunology Keywords: H5N1; Influenza A; first-line immunity; interferon; mucosal antibodies; immune evasion; sialic acid receptor; natural lymphocytes; adaptive lymphocytes; monocytes; macrophages; cytokines

Online: 28 March 2023 (09:20:04 CEST)

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The Influenza A Virus (IAV) represents a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA-based virus that infects mammals mainly via the respiratory system, although other bodily systems are also infected and undergo various extents of inflammatory pathogenesis. There are two well-known strains of IAV that cause life-threatening disease in mammals; H1N1 and H5N1, and the first strain caused the 1918 IAV H1N1 pandemic that claimed between 30 and 50 million human lives. Due to the significant ability of IAV to evade important immune recognition, the virus was observed to favor the onset of secondary microbial infections (i.e. bacterial or fungal), as the overall performance of the immune system became transiently weakened during the viral infection. During the IAV H1N1 pandemic, many patients died as a result of bacterial pneumonia, as pathogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, gained a wider opportunity to colonize and infect vital areas of the lower respiratory tract, and such a phenomenon led to the excessive, prophylactic usage of antibiotics due to the increased levels of panic, which in turn favored the natural selection of bacteria with genes that became resistant to such antibiotics. Antibiotics might be required for usage solely when bacteria are known to be colonizing vital areas of the human body, and this aspect is tricky, as colonization is asymptomatic and screening is consequently rare. Recently, new variants of the avian IAV H5N1 strain were transmitted from live, infected birds to mammals, including humans in some isolated cases, and given that there have already been several zoonotic spillover events overall since the beginning of 2023, we are rapidly approaching the time when a zoonotic spillover into humans will mark the first epidemic outbreak of the avian flu in humans. A lethality rate of 60% was projected by the World Health Organization, as the virus was shown to favor the development of life-threatening hyper-inflammatory responses at the levels of alveolar tissues constituted by Type II pneumocytes. There are hints that novel variants of H5N1 are capable of infecting the intestinal layer, as recently, two dolphins died as a result of ingesting infected birds within the area of the British Isles. IAV is known to suppress the production and transmission of Type I Interferons by expressing various non-structural proteins (NSPs), such as NSP1, which was found to be also packaged into exosomes and transmitted to neighboring uninfected cells, thereby preventing them from responding to the virus in the first place. A more pronounced rate of innate immune evasion would probably be observed in H5N1 IAV infection than in the infection caused by recent variants of H1N1 IAV. The H5N1 strain of IAV was also found to secrete a higher concentration of NSP1 than SARS-CoV-2, indicating the existence of an association to the greater mortality rate of H5N1 IAV infection. A direct, prophylactic stimulation of the interferon system using a reduced oral or nasal dosage of recombinant anti-inflammatory and anti-viral interferon glycoproteins may represent the most viable approach to prevent an emergence of a life-threatening H5N1 IAV pandemic. A similar non-invasive approach could be developed for an Marburg Virus (MARV) and a Nipah Virus (NiV) infection of humans, as risks of the emergence of a Marburg epidemic and also of a Nipah epidemic may be substantial at this stage as well. Clinical testing of clinical approaches as such could be of critical importance at the moment. Animals could also benefit from related clinical approaches.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0422.v3

Approximate Numerical Procedures for the Navier-Stokes System Through the Generalized Method of Lines

Fabio Botelho

Subject: Mathematics & Computer Science, Applied Mathematics Keywords: Generalized method of lines; Navier-Stokes system; equivalent elliptic system

Online: 28 March 2023 (08:49:45 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0476.v1

An Alternative View of Familial Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics

Michael Lardelli

Subject: Life Sciences, Genetics Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease; Familial Alzheimer Disease (FAD); presenilins; Amyloid beta Precursor Protein; mutation

Online: 28 March 2023 (08:24:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0023.v9

Bell's Theorem Begs the Question

Joy Christian

Subject: Physical Sciences, General & Theoretical Physics Keywords: Bell’s theorem; local realism; Bell-CHSH inequalities; quantum correlations; Bell-test experimentsexperiments

Online: 28 March 2023 (05:39:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0475.v1

Menstrual Attitudes in the U.S. and China: Insights from Mobile Menstrual Tracking Applications for Teenagers

Sisi Peng, Yuyin Yang, Martie G Haselton

Subject: Social Sciences, Other Keywords: adolescents; menstruation; sexual and reproductive health; informatics; mobile health

Online: 28 March 2023 (05:37:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0474.v1

Infection and Social Dislocation: Wellbeing Impacts of COVID-19 on Children and Young People - Perspectives of Rwandan Leaders

Pamela Abbott, Agnes Bingwaho, Eilidh Cowan, Lucia D'Ambruoso

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: Covid-19; children and adolescents; Rwanda; structural inequalities; post colonialism

Online: 28 March 2023 (05:33:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0541.v5

A Solution of The Collatz Conjecture Problem

baoyuan duan

Subject: Mathematics & Computer Science, Algebra & Number Theory Keywords: Collatz conjecture, (*3+1)/2^k odd sequence, (*3+2^m-1)/2^k odd sequence, (*3+2^m-1)/2^k odd tree, weight function

Online: 28 March 2023 (05:32:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0473.v1

ChatGPT for Education and Research: Opportunities, Threats, and Strategies

Md. Mostafizer Rahman, Yutaka Watanobe

Subject: Mathematics & Computer Science, Other Keywords: ChatGPT; educational technology; research; programming education; large language model; GPT-3; artificial intelligence

Online: 28 March 2023 (04:14:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0472.v1

Nano-Therapeutic Approaches to Treat COVID Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis

Shrey Kanvinde, Suyash Deodhar, Tanmay A. Kulkarni, Chinmay M. Jogdeo

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Other Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; pulmonary fibrosis; coronavirus; nanoparticles; nanomedicine; pandemic; acute respiratory syndrome

Online: 28 March 2023 (03:59:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0471.v1

Marangoni Flow Investigation in Foam Fractionation Phenomenon

Nastaran Rezaee, John Aunna, Jamal Naser

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Foam; Node; Film; Marangoni flow; Plateau Border; Bubble; Reflux; Foam fractionation

Online: 28 March 2023 (03:54:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0470.v1

Design and Development of an Intelligent Clinical Decision Support System Applied towards the Diagnosis of Suspected Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients from the Patient’s Health Profile and Symptomatology

Manuel Casal-Guisande, Laura Ceide-Sandoval, Mar Mosteiro-Añón, María Torres-Durán, Jorge Cerqueiro-Pequeño, José-Benito Bouza-Rodríguez, Alberto Fernández-Villar, Alberto Comesaña-Campos

Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: design; clinical decision support systems; intelligent systems; expert systems; Machine Learning; decision-making; medical algorithm; design science research.; obstructive sleep apnea

Online: 28 March 2023 (03:18:38 CEST)

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Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is nowadays one of the respiratory pathologies with a higher in-cidence globally in developed countries. This situation led to an increase in the demand for medical appointments and diagnostic studies related to that condition, especially those based on poly-somnographies and cardiorespiratory polygraphies. These studies are limited in resources, causing long waiting lists with the subsequent impact on the patients’ health. Furthermore, it is necessary to mention that OSA’s symptomatology is not very specific, and it is typically present in the general population (excessive sleepiness, snore, etc.). In this regard, this paper proposes a novel intelligent clinical decision support system for the diagnosis of OSA which could be used to help medical teams, both in primary care settings and in units specialized in respiratory pathologies. The aim of the proposed system is to help discriminate the patients suspected of suffering from the pathology from those who are not. To this end, two types of information sets of heterogeneous nature are consid-ered. The first one encompasses objective data, related to the patient's health profile with infor-mation usually available in electronic health records. The second type comprises subjective data, referred to the symptomatology reported by the patient in a previous interview. To process the first group of information, a Machine Learning classification algorithm is used, Bagged Trees in this case. For processing the second information set, related with the symptomatology of the patient, a col-lection of expert systems based on fuzzy inferential systems arranged in cascade are employed. As a result, the system is able to determine two risk indicators related to the patient's risk of suffering from OSA: the Statistical Risk and the Symbolic Risk respectively. Subsequently, by interpreting both risk indicators mentioned it will be possible to determine the severity of the patients’ health, proposing a preliminary evaluation on their condition. For the initial tests of the system, a software artifact has been built using a dataset with 4,978 selected patients, suspected of suffering from OSA, from the Álvaro Cunqueiro Hospital in Vigo. The results obtained are promising, demonstrating the potential usefulness of this type of tools in medical diagnosis. Once the system has been validated with new data from clinical environments, it is considered as possible to obtain a relevant improvement in the quality of the healthcare services, and a reduction in the associated costs.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0469.v1

Thoron gas measurement using an airflow-through scintillation cell with consideration for progeny deposition

Chao Zhao, Jiayu Liu, Yanliang Chen, Linfeng He, Fangdong Tang, Weihai Zhuo

Subject: Physical Sciences, Radiation & Radiography Keywords: thoron measurement; airflow-through scintillation cell; progeny accumulation effect; compartment model; low-level measurement; calibration

Online: 28 March 2023 (02:49:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0468.v1

The Effects of Tourism on Local Development in Protected Nature Areas: The Case of Three Nature Parks of Sierra Morena (Andalusia, Spain)

María Bahamonde-Rodríguez, Giedrė Šadeikaitė, Francisco Javier García-Delgado

Subject: Social Sciences, Geography Keywords: local development; Nature Parks; Sierra Morena; stakeholders; tourism

Online: 28 March 2023 (02:43:43 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0384.v2

A Newtonian Approach to General Black Holes

Alain Haraux

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics Keywords: gravitation; velocity of light; photons; escape velocity; black holes

Online: 28 March 2023 (02:39:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0467.v1

Anti-aliasing Low-Pass Filter with Independent Adjustment of the Main Parameters Based on Operational and Buffer Amplifiers

Darya Denisenko, Nikolay Butyrlagin, Ilya Pakhomov, Yuri Ivanov

Subject: Engineering, Electrical & Electronic Engineering Keywords: active filters; filtering theory; low-pass filter; voltage followers; pole frequency; quality factor; frequency response

Online: 28 March 2023 (02:29:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0466.v1

Multi-material Metamaterial Topology Optimization to Minimize the Compliance and the Constraint of Weight: Application of Non-pneumatic Tire Additive-manufactured with PLA/TPU Polymers

Shokouh Dezianian, Mohammad Azadi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Multi-material; Metamaterial; Topology optimization; Non-pneumatic tire; 3D printing

Online: 27 March 2023 (15:52:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0045.v9

The Imaginary Universe

Szymon Łukaszyk

Subject: Physical Sciences, Mathematical Physics Keywords: emergent dimensionality; imaginary dimensions; Planck units; fine-structure constant; black holes; neutron stars; white dwarfs; patternless binary messages; complex energy; complex force; extended periodic table; photon sphere; general relativity; entropic gravity; holographic principle; mathematical physics

Online: 27 March 2023 (15:46:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0465.v1

Corrosion Performance of Commercial Alloys and Refractory Metals in Conditions for Electrorefining of Spent Nuclear Fuels

Yanhong Jia, Shuangshuang Chang, Xin Du, Shaoqiang Guo

Subject: Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings & Films Keywords: Corrosion; Molten salts; Liquid cadmium; SEM

Online: 27 March 2023 (14:35:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0136.v2

Biocontainment Techniques and Applications for Yeast Biotechnology

Guilherme Pavão, Isabela Sfalcin, Diego Bonatto

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: Biocontainment; Genetically Engineered Microorganisms; Genetically Modified Yeasts; Synthetic Biology; Gene Circuits; Auxotrophies; Kill Switches

Online: 27 March 2023 (14:08:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0464.v1

Reinventing Therapeutic Proteins: Optimizing Investments and Meeting Humanitarian Needs

Sarfaraz K. Niazi, Zamara Mariam

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Pharmacology & Toxicology Keywords: Therapeutic proteins; Recombinant proteins; Repurposing; Reinventing, Drug-antibody combinations, AI/ML, Efficacy improvement, Immunogenicity; Artificial Intelligence; mRNA; High throughput analysis

Online: 27 March 2023 (14:02:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0463.v1

Three-Dimensional Narratives: An Interaction-Based Design Model for an Enhanced Design Practice

Antonio Cruz Rodrigues, Cristiano Pedroso-Roussado, Joao Cunha, Ana Jorge

Subject: Arts & Humanities, Architecture And Design Keywords: Design model; Interactions; Coevolution; Study of objects

Online: 27 March 2023 (13:47:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0462.v1

Acoustic Emissions in Rock Deformation and Failure: New Insights from Q-Statistical Analysis

Sergio Vinciguerra, Annalisa Greco, Alessandro Pluchino, Andrea Rapisarda, Constantino Tsallis

Subject: Physical Sciences, General & Theoretical Physics Keywords: Acoustic emissions; q-statistics; rocks fractures

Online: 27 March 2023 (13:30:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0461.v1

Phagosomal Escape, Intracellular Survival and Induction of Small Colony Variants of Staphylococcus aureus USA300 in RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophages

Dalida Angela Bivona, Carmelo Bonomo, Paolo Giuseppe Bonacci, Alessia Mirabile, Grete Francesca Privitera, Giuseppe Caruso, Filippo Caraci, Nicolò Musso, Dafne Bongiorno, Stefania Stefani

Subject: Life Sciences, Microbiology Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; Small Colony Variants; Carnosine; RAW 264.7 murine macrophages; Host-Pathogen Interaction

Online: 27 March 2023 (12:16:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0460.v1

An Ensemble Learning based Technique for Bimodal Sentiment Analysis

Shariq Shah, Hossein Ghomeshi, Edlira Vakaj, Emmett Cooper, Rasheed Mohammad

Subject: Mathematics & Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence & Robotics Keywords: ensemble learning; bimodal; sentiment analysis; neural network; transformer

Online: 27 March 2023 (10:51:03 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0459.v1

Emergency Endoscopic Haemostasis for Gastrointestinal Bleeding using A Self-Assembling Peptide: A Case Series

Takashi Murakami, Eiji Kamba, Keiichi Haga, Yoichi Akazawa, Hiroya Ueyama, Tomoyoshi Shibuya, Mariko Hojo, Akihito Nagahara

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Gastroenterology Keywords: endoscopic hemostasis; emergency endoscopy; gastrointestinal bleeding; self-assembling peptide

Online: 27 March 2023 (10:42:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0458.v1

Quality and Functional Characterization of Acetic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Farm-Produced Fruit Vinegars

Soo-Hwan Yeo, Sun Hee Kim, Woo Soo Jeong, So-Young Kim

Subject: Life Sciences, Microbiology Keywords: acetic acid bacteria; alcohol tolerance; antioxidant activity; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition; α-glucosidase inhibition; Acetobacter cerevisiae; Acetobacter pasteurianus.

Online: 27 March 2023 (10:33:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0457.v1

Historic Syrian Cities in the Post-War Period: Balancing Cul-tural Preservation and Tourism Investment

Emad Noaime

Subject: Arts & Humanities, Architecture And Design Keywords: Historic Syrian cities; cultural preservation; tourism investment; Challenges; key players

Online: 27 March 2023 (10:06:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0456.v1

Microbiome and Volatile Metabolic Profile of Acetic Acid Fermentation using Multiple Starters for Traditional Grain Vinegar

Soo-Hwan Yeo, Haram Kong, Sun Hee Kim, Woo Soo Jeong, So-Young Kim

Subject: Life Sciences, Microbiology Keywords: multiple starter; acetic acid fermentation; Acetobacter ascendens; Acetobacter pasteurianus

Online: 27 March 2023 (09:56:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0455.v1

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Neisseria meningitidis and Enterobacteriaceae in Two Reference Hospitals of Yaoundé: An Overview before and during COVID-19 Pandemic Era

Cecile Ingrid Djuikoue, Willy Yamdeu Djonkouh, Cavin Epie Bekolo, Rodrigue Kamga Wouambo, Raspail Carrel Founou, Paule Dana Djouela Djoulako, Gilder Tonfack Temgoua, Benjamin D. Thumamo Pokam, Nicolas Antoine-Moussiaux, Teke R. Apalata

Subject: Life Sciences, Microbiology Keywords: resistant bacteria; COVID-19 pandemic era; antibiotics

Online: 27 March 2023 (08:59:13 CEST)

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Abstract: The overuse of antibiotic prophylaxis during the COVID-19 pandemic would have led to the devel-opment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, thereby increasing the epidemiological burden of antimicrobi-al resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of bacte-ria isolated in 02 referral health facilities in Yaoundé before and during the COVID-19 pandemic era. We conducted a retrospective study over a period of 03 years (from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021) in the bacteriology units of the Central and General Hospitals of Yaoundé, Cameroon. The review of the services' registers was done to record bacterial isolates (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Neisseria meningitidis and Entero-bacteriaceae) as well as their susceptibility to selected, specific and highly potent antibiotics: Cefixime, Azythromycin and Erythromycin. The relationship between each group of resistant bacteria and the antibiotic of interest was determined by simple linear regression; the comparison of the prevalences of before (2019) and during 2 consecutive years of the COVID-19 pandemic onset (2020 and 2021) was done by the Chi2 test of in-dependence. In all, 426 bacterial strains were included. It appeared that the highest number of bacteria iso-lates and lowest rate of bacterial resistance were recorded during the pre-COVID 2019 period in 2019 (160 isolates vs. 58.8% resistance rate). Conversely, lower bacteria stains but greater resistance burden were rec-orded during the pandemic era (2020 and 2021) with the lowest bacteria amount and peak of bacteria re-sistance registered in 2020, the year of COVID-19 onset (120 isolates vs. 70% resistance in 2020 and 146 iso-lates vs.58.9% resistance in 2021). In contrast to almost all others groups of bacteria where the resistance burden was quite constant over years, the Enterobacteriaceae exhibited greater resistance rate during the pandemic period [60%(48/80) in 2019 to 86.9%(60/69) in 2020 and 64.5%(61/95) in 2021)]. Concerning antibiotics, unlike Erythromycin, Azythromycin related resitance increased during the pandemic period and the resistance to Cefixim tends to decrease the year of the pandemic onset (2020) and re-increase one year therafter. A significant association was found between resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains and Cefixime (R= 0.7; P-value= 0.0001) and also, between resistant Staphylococcus strains and Erythromycin (R= 0.8; P-value= 0.0001). It could be that the more frequent use of these antibiotics has increased resistance rate especially in Enterobacteriaceae. Anticromicrobial resistance should be closely monitor during and after COVID pandemic era.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0334.v2

The Conservation Laws in Quantum Mechanics

Richard Joseph Oldani

Subject: Physical Sciences, General & Theoretical Physics Keywords: conservation laws; Hamilton's principle; energy; momentum; path integral formulation; matrix mechanics

Online: 27 March 2023 (08:49:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0454.v1

Bibliometric Analysis: Six Decades of Scientific Production from a Single Nationwide Institution: Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales De Los Trabajadores Del Estado (ISSSTE) from Mexico

Gerónimo Pacheco Aispuro, Ileana Belén Rojas Jácome, Carlos Alejandro Martínez Zamora, Cuauhtémoc Gil Ortiz Mejía, Christopher Mader Alba, Carlos Castillo Rangel, Alejandro Monroy Sosa, Mario Flores Vázquez, Octavio Jesús Arroyo Zavala, Rodrigo Ramos Zúñiga, Guillermo González Garibay, Gerson Ángel Alavez, Ángel Lee

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Other Keywords: bibliometric analysis; Scopus database; ISSSTE; Mexican scientific research; scientometrics; manu-script writing

Online: 27 March 2023 (08:48:35 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0453.v1

Analysis of Public Discourse on Twitter involving COVID-19 and MPox: Findings from Sentiment Analysis and Text Analysis

Nirmalya Thakur

Subject: Mathematics & Computer Science, Analysis Keywords: COVID-19; MPox; Twitter; Big Data; Data Mining; Data Analysis; Sentiment Analysis; Data Science; Social Media; Monkeypox

Online: 27 March 2023 (08:39:28 CEST)

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Mining and analysis of the Big Data of Twitter conversations have been of significant interest to the scientific community in the fields of healthcare, epidemiology, big data, data science, computer science, and their related areas, as can be seen from several works in the last few years that focused on sentiment analysis and other forms of text analysis of Tweets related to Ebola, E-Coli, Dengue, Human papillomavirus (HPV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Measles, Zika virus, H1N1, influenza-like illness, swine flu, flu, Cholera, Listeriosis, cancer, Liver Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, kidney disease, lupus, Parkinson's, Diphtheria, and West Nile virus. The recent outbreaks of COVID-19 and MPox have served as "catalysts" for Twitter usage related to seeking and sharing information, views, opinions, and sentiments involving both these viruses. While there have been a few works published in the last few months that focused on performing sentiment analysis of Tweets related to either COVID-19 or MPox, none of the prior works in this field thus far involved analysis of Tweets focusing on both COVID-19 and MPox at the same time. With an aim to address this research gap, a total of 61,862 Tweets that focused on Mpox and COVID-19 simultaneously, posted between May 7, 2022, to March 3, 2023, were studied to perform sentiment analysis and text analysis. The findings of this study are manifold. First, the results of sentiment analysis show that almost half the Tweets (the actual percentage is 46.88%) had a negative sentiment. It was followed by Tweets that had a positive sentiment (31.97%) and Tweets that had a neutral sentiment (21.14%). Second, this paper presents the top 50 hashtags that were used in these Tweets. Third, it presents the top 100 most frequently used words that are featured in these Tweets. The findings of text analysis show that some of the commonly used words involved directly referring to either or both viruses. In addition to this, the presence of words such as "Polio", "Biden", "Ukraine", "HIV", "climate", and "Ebola" in the list of the top 100 most frequent words indicate that topics of conversations on Twitter in the context of COVID-19 and MPox also included a high level of interest related to other viruses, President Biden, and Ukraine. Finally, a comprehensive comparative study that involves a comparison of this work with 49 prior works in this field is presented to uphold the scientific contributions and relevance of the same.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0295.v2

In Silico Analysis Identified bZIP Transcription Factors under Abiotic Stress in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Atit Parajuli, Bhabesh Borphukan, Karen Sanguinet, Zhiwu Zhang

Subject: Biology, Plant Sciences Keywords: Alfalfa; bZIP transcription factor; phylogenetic analysis; expression pattern; abiotic stress

Online: 27 March 2023 (08:37:10 CEST)

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most cultivated forage legume around the world. Under a variety of growing conditions, forage yield in alfalfa is stymied by biotic and abiotic stresses including heat, salt, drought, and disease. Given the sessile nature of plants, they use strategies such as differential gene expression to respond to environmental cues. Transcription factors control the expression of genes that contribute to or enable tolerance and survival during periods of stress. Basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors have been demonstrated to play a critical role in regulating plant growth and development as well as mediate the responses to abiotic stress in several species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Lotus japonicus, and Medicago truncatula. However, there is little information about bZIP transcription factors in cultivated alfalfa. In the present study, 237 bZIP genes were identified in alfalfa from publicly available sequencing data. Multiple sequence alignments showed the presence of intact bZIP motifs in the identified sequences. Based on previous phylogenetic analyses in Arabidopsis thaliana, alfalfa bZIPs were similarly divided and fell into 10 groups. The physicochemical properties, motif analysis, and phylogenetic study of the alfalfa bZIPs revealed high specificity within groups. The differential expression of alfalfa bZIPs in a suite of tissues indicates that particular bZIP genes are specifically expressed at different developmental stages in alfalfa. Similarly, expression analysis in response to ABA, cold, drought, and salt stresses, indicates that a subset of bZIP genes are also differentially expressed and likely play a role in abiotic stress signaling and/or tolerance. These expression patterns were further verified by qRT-PCR. However, further functional characterization of bZIP transcription factors in alfalfa will help illuminate the role they play in stress tolerance mechanisms in legumes and facilitate the molecular breeding of stress tolerance in alfalfa.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0051.v8

Duality Principles and Numerical Procedures for a Large Class of Non-convex Models in the Calculus of Variations

Fabio Botelho

Subject: Mathematics & Computer Science, Applied Mathematics Keywords: Duality theory; non-convex analysis; numerical method for a non-smooth model

Online: 27 March 2023 (08:22:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0452.v1

Verification of Crossbar-Based Lattice through Modeling Technique

Rajesh Datta

Subject: Engineering, Electrical & Electronic Engineering Keywords: Cross-bar-based lattice; lattice modeling

Online: 27 March 2023 (08:07:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0451.v1

Forecasting Renewable Energy Generation with Machine learning and Deep Learning: Current Advances and Future Prospects

Natei Ermias Benti, Mesfin Diro Chaka, Addisu Gezahegn Semie

Subject: Mathematics & Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence & Robotics Keywords: Accurate predictions; Deep Learning; Energy management; Machine Learning; Renewable En-ergy Forecasting

Online: 27 March 2023 (07:56:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0450.v1

Effect of a Smartphone-Based Stress Management Program on Depression and Other Health- and Work-Related Outcomes among Hospital Nurses in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam and Thailand: A Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial of the COCONATS Project

Norito Kawakami, Huong Thanh Nguyen, Orawan Kaewboonchoo, Kotaro Imamura, Thuy Thi Thu Tran, Plernpit Boonyamalik, Natsu Sasaki, Narisara Sripo, Thanate Tienthong, Hiroki Asaoka, Mako Iida, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Asuka Sakuraya, Quynh Thuy Nguyen, Nguyen Thi Nga, Vu Thai Son, Thuy Thi Ngo, Tham Thi Luyen, Long Duc Nguyen, Nga Thi Viet Nguyen, Binh Thanh Nguyen, Yutaka Matsuyama, Yukie Takemura, Daisuke Nishi, Akizumi Tsustumi

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Psychiatry & Mental Health Studies Keywords: digital mental health intervention; unguided program; universal prevention; health care workers; new coronavirus

Online: 27 March 2023 (07:53:18 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0449.v1

Preliminary Examination of the Principle of Self-Organization in Multicellular Organisms: The Difference in Size Between Yao Ming and Myself

Zheming Cao

Subject: Life Sciences, Other Keywords: unstable state cells, growth limit, stem cells, traits

Online: 27 March 2023 (07:50:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0402.v2

Relating a System’s Hamiltonian to its Entropy Production Using a Complex-Time Approach

Michael Charles Parker, Chris Jeynes

Subject: Physical Sciences, General & Theoretical Physics Keywords: QGT; entropic Hamiltonian; Bekenstein-Hawking relation; analytical continuation; Wick rotation; Loschmidt Paradox; Riemannian geometry; Kramers-Kronig relations; Arrow of Time

Online: 27 March 2023 (07:41:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0448.v1

On the Roles of the Nuclear Non-coding RNA-Dependent Membrane-Less Organelles in the Cellular Stress Response

Anastasia A. Gavrilova, Anna S. Fefilova, Irina M. Kuznetsova, Konstantin K. Turoverov, Vladimir N. Uversky, Alexander V. Fonin

Subject: Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: LLPS; liquid-liquid phase separation; non-coding RNA; intrinsically disordered proteins; membrane-less organelles; stress-response; biomolecular condensates

Online: 27 March 2023 (05:43:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0447.v1

Investigating Sedentariness and Health Status of Primary School Teachers in Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana

Edward Wilson Ansah, Mawuli Adabla, Jerry Norgbedzie, Eric A Aloko, John Elvis Hagan Jr.

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Nursing & Health Studies Keywords: Anxiety; depression; discomfort; pain; physical inactivity; sedentariness; self-rated health status

Online: 27 March 2023 (05:15:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0446.v1

Summation Laws in Biological Systems

Hans V. Westerhoff

Subject: Biology, Physiology Keywords: Control coefficients; Metabolic Control Analysis; Systems Biology; Genomics; Pharmacokinetic principles; systems biology and PBPK; time-dependent control analysis

Online: 27 March 2023 (05:04:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0445.v1

Effects of Silybum marianum L. Seed Extracts on Wound Infection–Causing Bacteria

Shimaa El-Sapagh, Nanis G. Gamal, Mohamed Nour El-Dein El-Sayed, Asmaa Ahmed El-Hefnawy, Mayank Anand Gururani, Awad Yousef Shala

Subject: Life Sciences, Microbiology Keywords: multidrug resistance; wound infection; milk thistle; antibacterial agents; antioxidant activity

Online: 27 March 2023 (04:23:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0444.v1

The Matrix Receptor CD44 Is Present in Astrocytes Throughout the Human CNS and Accumulates in Hypoxia and Seizures

Osama Al Dalahmah, Alexander A Sosunov, Yu Sun, Yang Liu, Nsikan Akpan, Nacoya Madden, E. Sander Connolly, Carol M Troy, Guy M McKhann II, James E. Goldman

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, Pathology & Pathobiology Keywords: CD44; astrocytes; hypoxia; seizures; interlaminar astrocytes

Online: 27 March 2023 (04:19:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0443.v1

A Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Dog Rabies in Northeast Tunisia

Sana Kalthoum, Raja Gharbi, Mehdi Ben Ali, Imed Ben Sliman, Nouha Haboubi, Khaoula Barrak, Khalil Fakhfekh, Rafika Ben Romdhane, Habiba El Hechri, Salma Boughanemi, Chedia Seghaier, Chokri Bahloul

Subject: Biology, Animal Sciences & Zoology Keywords: Rabies; dogs; Tunisia; risk factors; odds ratio; case-control study

Online: 27 March 2023 (04:06:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0442.v1

Spatial Variation of PM_2.5 Indoors and Outdoors: Results from 261 Regulatory Monitors Compared to 14,000 Low-Cost Monitors in Three Western States over 4.7 Years

Lance Arthur Wallace, Tongke Zhao

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: spatial variation; PM2.5; PurpleAir; PM2.5_alt; coefficient of divergence; FEM; FRM; low-cost monitors

Online: 27 March 2023 (04:01:55 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0441.v1

IgG4 Antibodies Induced by mRNA Vaccines Generate Immune Tolerance to SARS-CoV-2’spike Protein by Suppressing the Immune System

Vladimir N. Uversky, Elrashdy M. Redwan, William Makis, Alberto Rubio-Casillas

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: IgG4 antibodies; mRNA vaccines; immuno-tolerance; auto-immunity; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19.

Online: 27 March 2023 (03:56:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0440.v1

Aiding Cancer’s “Sweet Tooth”: Role of Hexokinases in Metabolic Reprogramming

Zeenat Farooq, Hagar Ismail, Sheraz Bhat, Brian Layden, Md. Wasim Khan

Subject: Biology, Other Keywords: Cancer metabolism; HKDC1; Hexokinases; glucose metabolism; metabolic reprogramming

Online: 27 March 2023 (03:46:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0439.v1

Associations between Drugs of Abuse and Toxoplasma gondii Infection

Amani Sastry, Victor M. Jimenez Jr

Subject: Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Drugs of abuse; Toxoplasma gondii; Substance Use Disorder

Online: 27 March 2023 (03:43:57 CEST)

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Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the most common parasites that infect humans. The parasite exists in approximately 40 million people in the United States. Latent infections are frequently associated with tissue cysts of T. gondii in the skeletal muscle and brain tissue that can lead to mental disorders, congenital disorders, and vision dysfunction. Furthermore, self-directed violence, impulsivity, and aggression are associated with T. gondii infection. Dopamine is associated with human behavior including pleasure, aggression, memory, and substance use disorder; however, the result of the studies on the association of T. gondii infection and drugs of abuse are not well understood. The frequency of substance use may be associated with substance-induced modification of dopamine-receptor densities and basal dopaminergic activity. Likewise, T. gondii can directly or indirectly influence dopaminergic activity in infected cells. Based on this hypothesis, the current paper aimed to systematically review all published literature on the association between drugs of abuse and T. gondii infection. Systematic review of controlled studies on T. gondii infection and substance use effects in adults were searched on the electronic databases. Studies have shown that individuals infected with T. gondii display increased risky behavior, such as excessive alcohol consumption. Furthermore, it was observed that T. gondii seropositive subjects had a reduced likelihood of self-reported substance use compared to T. gondii seronegative subjects. This study confirms that SUD is a potential risk factor for behavioral and psychiatric complications associated with T. gondii infection. Ultimately T. gondii infection in the context of drug dependence and the development of SUD remain to be elucidated. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research characterizing the mechanisms associated with dopamine metabolism of drug dependence and withdrawal in the context of a T. gondii infection, evaluating the role of inflammation, and identifying potential drug-and-sex specific underpinnings of these associations.