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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0166.v1

SWOT Analysis for Architectural and Structural Solutions Interaction Assessment in High-Rise Buildings Design

Jolanta Tamošaitienė, Ernestas Gaudutis

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: high-rise buildings; architecture; structural solutions; interaction; SWOT analysis

Online: 26 November 2017 (12:45:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0150.v1

Probability Distribution of Philippine Daily Rainfall Data

Vanessa Althea B. Bermudez, Ariel Bettina B. Abilgos, Diane Carmeliza N. Cuaresma, Jomar F. Rabajante

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Philippines; rainfall; precipitation; Gamma distribution; probability; weather risk

Online: 21 December 2017 (04:43:17 CET)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0259.v1

Deterministic and Probabilistic Engineering Cost Estimating Approaches for Complex Urban Drainage Infrastructure Capital Improvement (CIP) Programs

Thewodros K. Geberemariam

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: risk management; deterministic; probabilistic; engineering cost estimating; uncertainty; cost estimating methods; urban drainage infrastructure; Capital Improvement (CIP) Programs

Online: 12 November 2018 (04:27:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0111.v1

A Novel Family of Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometers for a Broad Range of Analytical Applications

Jan-Peter Hauschild, Amelia Corinne Peterson, Erik Couzijn, Eduard Denisov, Denis Chernyshev, Christian Hock, Hamish Stewart, Ralf Hartmer, Dmitry Grinfeld, Christian Thoeing, Bastian Reitemeier, Arne Kreutzmann, Oliver Lange, Wilko Balschun, Aivaras Venckus, Sebastian Kanngiesser, Alexander Kholomeev, Gregor Quiring, Frank Czemper, Eloy Wouters, Michael Belford, Mathias Mueller, Jens Grote, Tabiwang N. Arrey, Julia Kraegenbring, Kerstin Strupat, Siegrun Mohring, Catharina Crone, Alexander Harder, Aaron Robitaille, Aaron Gajadhar, Khatereh Motamed, Yang Liu, Daniel Lopez Ferrer, Nicolaie Eugen Damoc, Angela Criscuolo, Kristina Srzentic, Ed George, Charles Yang, Ioanna Ntai, Amanda Souza, Andreas Wieghaus, Alexander Makarov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Orbitrap mass spectrometry; high resolution; accurate mass

Online: 8 June 2020 (10:17:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0217.v1

A Study on OpenFOAM's Overset Mesh Support Using Flow Past NACA 0018 Airfoil

Praveen Laws, Jaskaran Singh Saini, Ajit Kumar

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: OpenFOAM; overset meshing; NACA 0018; high Reynolds number; CFD

Online: 18 July 2019 (11:29:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0383.v1

Future of Construction Industry: COVID-19 and Its Implications on Construction Projects and Risk Management – A Review

Kushal Adhikari, Lochana Poudyal

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; construction project; risk management; use of technology; recovery and resilience

Online: 14 April 2021 (14:12:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0356.v1

Initial Review and Analysis of COVID-19 Host Genetics and Associated Phenotypes

Yosuke Tanigawa, Manuel Rivas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; host genetics; genetics; polygenic risk score

Online: 24 March 2020 (08:36:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0128.v1

An Updated Review on the Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Etiology and Diagnosis of Liver Cirrhosis

Gee Young Geong, Sun Hyung Kang, Chang Min Lee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: Liver cirrhosis; epidemiology; etiology; risk factors; pathophysiology; diagnosis.

Online: 11 March 2019 (09:44:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0359.v1

Mechanical Behavior of Inconel 625 at Elevated Temperatures

Mauro M. de Oliveira, Antônio A. Couto, Gisele F. C. Almeida, Danieli A. P. Reis, Nelson B. de Lima, Renato Baldan

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Metals, Alloys And Metallurgy Keywords: Inconel; high temperature; tensile test; creep; serrated; dynamic strain aging

Online: 31 December 2018 (09:41:56 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0316.v1

Airborne Microplastics: A Review Study on Method for Analysis, Occurrence, Movement and Risks

Enyoh Christian Ebere, Verla Andrew Wirnkor, Verla Evelyn Ngozi, Ibe Francis Chizoruo, Amaobi Collins Emeka

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: air pollution; dermal route; fibers; health risk; inhalation; micropollutants

Online: 30 August 2019 (05:08:43 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0094.v1

Covid-19 Situation in Bangladesh

Abdul Kader Mohiuddin

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19 Lockdown; Shortage of PPEs; Global Pandemic Crisis; Incentives for Officials at Risk

Online: 6 May 2020 (08:45:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0179.v1

Explicit Treatment of Non Michaelis-Menten and Atypical Kinetics in Early Drug Discovery

Bharath Srinivasan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Non Michaelis-Menten Kinetics; High-throughput screening; allostery; cooperativity; processive kinetics; distributive kinetics; single-molecule; auto-catalytic; drug discovery

Online: 8 October 2020 (13:34:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0162.v1

A Review of Geological Applications of High-Spatial-Resolution Remote Sensing Data

Chunming Wu, Xiao Li, Weitao Chen, Xianju Li

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: High-spatial-resolution images; Geology; Deep learning; Remote sensing

Online: 7 November 2018 (13:17:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0351.v1

Simulation of Turbulent Flow around a Generic High-Speed Train Using Hybrid Models of RANS Numerical Method with Machine Learning

Alireza Hajipour, Arash Mirabdolah Lavasani, Mohammad Eftekhari Yazdi, Amir Mosavi, Shahaboddin Shamshirband, Kwok-Wing Chau

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: machine learning; aerodynamics; high-speed train; hybrid machine learning; Prediction Turbulence model; deep learning

Online: 26 December 2019 (05:23:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0104.v1

Cyber Risk in IoT Systems

Petar Radanliev, David Charles De Roure, Carsten Maple, Jason R.C. Nurse, Razvan Nicolescu, Uchenna Ani

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: cyber risk; Internet of Things; cyber risk impact assessment; cyber risk estimation; cyber risk insurance

Online: 8 March 2019 (08:50:49 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0066.v1

Cybercrime and Risks for Cyber Physical Systems: A Review

Abel Yeboah-ofori, Jamal-Deen Abdulai, Ferdinand Katsriku

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: cyber physical systems; cybercrime; risk mitigation; risk management; industrial control systems

Online: 5 April 2018 (06:10:06 CEST)

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Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) is the integration of computation and physical process that makes a complete system such as the physical components, networked systems, embedded computers and software and linking together of devices and sensors for information sharing. Cyber Physical Systems are Smart Systems that comprises of the merging and integration of Industry Control Systems, Critical Infrastructures, Internet of Things (IoT) and Embedded Systems. Major industries such as the Chemical and Industrial Plants, Aviation Systems, National Grid, the Stock Exchange, Military Systems, and others depends heavily on these Cyber Physical Systems for financial and economic growth. The benefits of CPS nationally and globally are in the areas of Manufacturing, Energy, Transport, Healthcare and Communication. Cyber Physical Systems incorporates Physical systems, Digital systems and Human elements on network infrastructures to provide interactive systems. However, these three key components the Physical systems, Digital systems and Human elements may have inherent threats and vulnerabilities on them that may run the risk of being compromise, exploited, attacked or hacked. Cybercriminals in their quest to bring down these systems and may cause disruption of services either for fame, revenge, political motive, economic war, cyber terrorism and cyber war. The study seeks to review the risks that are associated with these three key components Physical systems, Digital systems and Human elements. The study considered four main risk mitigation goals for this purpose, and these are Business Value, Organizational Requirements, Threat Agent and Impact based on the review results. We used Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) to determine the relative importance of these goals that contributes to developing cybercrime and rich in CPS. For the results, the prioritized goals are then used to assess the risks using a semi-quantitative approach to determine the net threat level.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0045.v1

Risks of Climate Change on the Singapore-Malaysia High Speed Rail System

Sazrul Leena Binti Sa’adin, Sakdirat Kaewunruen, David Jaroszweski

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: railway infrastructure; high-speed rail; tracks; risk; management and monitoring; climate change; global warming; adaptation; operational readiness

Online: 5 August 2016 (05:11:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0440.v1

COVID-19: A Drug Repurposing and Biomarker Identification by Using Comprehensive Gene-Disease Associations through Protein-Protein Interaction Network Analysis

Suresh Kumar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; 2019-nCoV; novel corona virus; drug repurposing; chloroquine; high-risk group; asymptomatic

Online: 30 March 2020 (07:24:16 CEST)

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COVID-19 (2019-nCoV) is a pandemic disease with an estimated mortality rate of 3.4% (estimated by the WHO as of March 3, 2020). Until now there is no antiviral drug and vaccine for COVID-19. The current overwhelming situation by COVID-19 patients in hospitals is likely to increase in the next few months. About 15 percent of patients with serious disease in COVID-19 require immediate health services. Rather than waiting for new anti-viral drugs or vaccines that take a few months to years to develop and test, several researchers and public health agencies are attempting to repurpose medicines that are already approved for another similar disease and have proved to be fairly effective. This study aims to identify FDA approved drugs that can be used for drug repurposing and identify biomarkers among high- risk and asymptomatic groups. In this study gene-disease association related to COVID-19 reported mild, severe symptoms and clinical outcomes were determined. The high-risk group was studied related to SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and life cycle by using Disgenet and compared with curated COVID-19 gene data sets from the CTD database. The overlapped gene sets were enriched and the selected genes were constructed for protein-protein interaction networks. Through interactome, key genes were identified for COVID-19 and also for high risk and asymptomatic groups. The key hub genes involved in COVID-19 were VEGFA, TNF, IL-6, CXCL8, IL10, CCL2, IL1B, TLR4, ICAM1, MMP9. The identified key genes were used for drug-gene interaction for drug repurposing. The chloroquine, lenalidomide, pentoxifylline, thalidome, sorafenib, pacitaxel, rapamycin, cortisol, statins were proposed to be probable drug repurposing candidates for the treatment of COVID-19. However, these predicted drug candidates need to be validated through randomized clinical trials. Also, a key gene involved in high risk and the asymptomatic group were identified, which can be used as probable biomarkers for early identification.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0169.v1

A Longitudinal Approach to Biological Psychiatric Research: The PsyCourse Study

Monika Budde, Heike Anderson-Schmidt, Katrin Gade, Daniela Reich-Erkelenz, Kristina Adorjan, Janos L. Kalman, Fanny Senner, Sergi Papiol, Till F. M. Andlauer, Ashley L. Comes, Eva C. Schulte, Farah Klöhn-Saghatolislam , Anna Gryaznova, Maria Hake, Kim Bartholdi, Laura Flatau, Markus Reitt, Silke Quast, Sophia Stegmaier, Milena Meyers, Barbara Emons, Ida Sybille Haußleiter, Georg Juckel, Vanessa Nieratschker, Udo Dannlowski, Max Schmauß, Jörg Zimmermann, Jens Reimer, Sybille Schulz, Jens Wiltfang, Eva Reininghaus, Ion-George Anghelescu, Volker Arolt, Bernhard T. Baune, Carsten Konrad, Andreas Thiel, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Christian Figge, Martin von Hagen, Manfred Koller, Fabian U. Lang, Moritz E. Wigand, Thomas Becker, Markus Jäger, Detlef E. Dietrich, Sebastian Stierl, Harald Scherk, Carsten Spitzer, Here Folkerts, Stephanie H. Witt, Franziska Degenhardt, Andreas J. Forstner, Marcella Rietschel, Markus M. Nöthen, Peter Falkai, Thomas G. Schulze, Urs Heilbronner

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: Schizophrenia; bipolar; psychosis; depression; polygenic risk score; diagnosis; RDoC

Online: 27 October 2017 (11:58:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0076.v1

Current Challenges of Cold Brew Coffee – Roasting, Extraction, Flavor Profile, Contamination, and Food Safety

Raven Kwok, Kenny Lee Wee Ting, Steffen Schwarz, Linda Claassen, Dirk W. Lachenmeier

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Food Chemistry Keywords: coffee; cold brew; nitro cold brew; roasting; extraction; hygiene; risk assessment; product quality

Online: 5 July 2020 (14:53:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0280.v1

Modelling Market Volatility with Univariate GARCH Models: Evidence from Nasdaq-100

Fuzuli Aliyev, Richard Ajayi, Nijat Gasim

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Finance Keywords: volatility; risk, garch models; nasdaq-100

Online: 25 September 2019 (09:09:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0055.v1

Numerical Simulation of Hypervelocity Impact FEM-SPH Algorithm Based on Large Deformation of Material

Aimin Yang, Jinze Li, Hengheng Qu, Yuhang Pan, Yanhong Kang, Yuzhu Zhang

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: finite element method; smoothed particle method; fem-sph algorithm; large deformation; super high speed collision

Online: 14 October 2016 (11:05:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0432.v1

COVID-19 Pandemic and Tourism: The Impact of Health Risk Perception and Intolerance of Uncertainty on Travel Intentions

Anastasiya Golets, Jéssica Farias, Ronaldo Pilati, Helena Costa

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Accounting And Taxation Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; travel intentions; health risk perception; intolerance of uncertainty

Online: 21 October 2020 (11:11:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0252.v1

An Innovative Bidirectional DC-AC Converter to Improve Power Quality in a Grid-Connected Microgrid

Sebastien Bissey, Sebastien Jacques, Cedric Reymond, Jean-Charles Le Bunetel

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Smart home electricity management system; bidirectional DC-AC converter; high power quality; high efficiency.

Online: 14 July 2018 (20:25:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0019.v1

The BCC/B2 Morphologies in AlxNiCoFeCr High-Entropy Alloys

Yue Ma, Beibei Jiang, Chunling Li, Qing Wang, Chuang Dong, Peter K Liaw, Fen Xu, Lixian Sun

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: high-entropy alloys; Al-Ni-Co-Fe-Cr alloys; microstructure; precipitation morphology; mechanical property

Online: 4 January 2017 (10:30:17 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0536.v1

Hedging Feasibility Perspectives against the COVID-19 for the International Tourism Sector

Angeliki N. Menegaki

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: corona-virus; COVID-19; tourism sector; review; risk hedging

Online: 30 April 2020 (14:15:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0078.v1

High Step-up Voltage Gain Converter with Ripple-free Input Current for Renewable Energy Sources

Zhangyong Chen, Yong Chen

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: input current ripple-free; boost converter; coupled-inductor; voltage-doubler cell; passive lossless clamp circuits; high voltage gain; renewable energy

Online: 17 January 2017 (11:10:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0030.v1

Ready for Green Building Risks? The Case of South Korea from the Architect’s Point of View

Jinho Kim

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Architecture Keywords: green building; risk management; risk factors, risk mitigation measures; architect

Online: 2 May 2018 (16:55:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0274.v2

Ultra-Low-Loss Silicon Waveguides for Heterogeneously Integrated Silicon/III-V Photonics

Minh Tran, Duanni Huang, Tin Komljenovic, Jonathan Peters, Aditya Malik, John Bowers

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: ultra-low-loss waveguide; silicon photonics; heterogeneous integration; narrow linewidth lasers; high Q resonators.

Online: 16 July 2018 (15:14:32 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0364.v1

Seed Priming Technology as a Key Strategy to Increase Crop Plant Production under Adverse Environmental Conditions

Daniel Garcia, Samiah Arif, Yinglei Zhao, Shuo Zhao, Lin Chau Ming, Danfeng Huang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Horticulture Keywords: stress tolerance; biological mechanisms; biotic/Abiotic stress; hybrid priming; high-quality seeds

Online: 21 September 2021 (14:02:07 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0366.v1

High Volume Injection (Hydrodissection) for Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Using Peripheral Nerve Stimulation: Treatment Protocol

Ian Reilly, Akram Uddin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: tarsal tunnel syndrome; compression neuropathy; high volume injection; hydrodissection; hydrodilatation; nerve stimulator

Online: 19 January 2021 (09:00:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0414.v1

All-Cause Mortality According to COVID-19 Vaccination Status: an analysis of the UK Office for National Statistics Public Data

Alberto Donzelli, Giovanni Malatesta, Giovanni Di Palmo, Marco Cosentino, Marco Alessandria

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccinations; all-cause mortality; relative risk

Online: 24 February 2023 (02:03:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0377.v1

Development of a 3D-Printable Ultra-High Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete for Digital Construction

Ravendran Arunothayan, Behzad Nematollahi, Ravi Ranade, Shin Hau Bong, Jay Sanjayan

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC); mechanical properties; extrusion; 3D concrete printing (3DCP)

Online: 29 November 2019 (10:45:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0401.v1

Financial Reporting Differences of Profit and Loss Sharing Investment Deposits in Islamic banks: A Cross-Country Study

Faleel Jamaldeen

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Accounting And Taxation Keywords: Islamic accounting; mudarabah investment deposit; financial reporting of Islamic banks; profit equalization reserve; risk management for Islamic banks

Online: 27 February 2020 (11:22:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0420.v1

MODEL OF COMMUNICATION PLANNING FOR CONTINGENCY PLAN OF DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT SINABUNG VOLCANO ERUPTION

Puji Lestari, Eko Teguh Paripurno, Sari Bahagiarti Kusumayudha, Arif Rianto Budi Nugroho

Subject: Social Sciences, Government Keywords: communication model, volcanic eruption, contingency planning, risk management, Sinabung

Online: 23 August 2018 (16:06:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0167.v1

Market Risk and Financial Performance of Non-financial Companies Listed on the Moroccan Stock Exchange

Diby François Kassi, Dilesha Nawadali Rathnayake, Akadje Jean Roland Edjoukou

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Finance Keywords: Market risk, Financial performance, Non-financial firms, Morocco

Online: 16 January 2019 (13:10:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0531.v1

Demystifying Security of LoRaWAN v1.1

Ismail Butun, Nuno Pereira, Mikael Gidlund

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Internet of things; sensor node; LPWAN; attacks; vulnerabilities; IoT; analysis; risk; assessment; low power.

Online: 21 November 2018 (15:55:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0028.v2

Intra-Urban Mobility in the Estimation of Risk Scenarios by BTEX Emissions

Marco Antonio Garcia-Zarate, María Evarista Arellano-García, Mariana Villada Canela, Patricia Aceves-Calderon, Ana Erika Ruiz-Arellano, Christine Alysse Von- Glascoe, M. C. Arredondo Garcia

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: VOC; technological risk; exposure to risks; DRI; risk mapping; SIG; BTEX

Online: 13 September 2016 (03:42:52 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0105.v1

Blending Science and Community Voices for Multi-Scale Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Resilience: A Participatory Scenario Planning Approach

Alebachew Adem Nurye

Subject: Social Sciences, Geography, Planning And Development Keywords: Climate change; disaster risk reduction; participatory scenario planning; pastoralism; Ethiopia

Online: 10 August 2016 (10:14:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0120.v1

Large Scale Screening of Southern African Plant Extracts for the Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using Microtitre-Plate Method

Abdulrahman M. Elbagory, Christopher N. Cupido, Mervin Meyer, Ahmed Hussein

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Other Keywords: green nanotechnology; gold nanoparticles; biosynthesis; high resolution transmission electron microscopy; Cape flora

Online: 11 August 2016 (09:53:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0479.v1

Open Source High-Temperature RepRap for 3-D Printing Heat-Sterilizable PPE and Other Applications

Noah G. Skrzypczak, Nagendra G. Tanikella, Joshua M. Pearce

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: open source; open hardware; COVID-19; medical hardware; RepRap; 3-D printing; open source medical hardware; high temperature 3-D printing; additive manufacturing; ULTEM; polycarbonate

Online: 31 May 2020 (16:18:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0224.v2

Propeller Cavitation in Non-Uniform Flow and Correlation with the Near Pressure Field

Francisco Alves Pereira, Fabio Di Felice, Francesco Salvatore

Subject: Engineering, Marine Engineering Keywords: propeller; cavitation pattern; unsteady cavitation; induced pressure fluctuations; high-speed visualization; volume acceleration; cavitation-pressure correlations

Online: 5 September 2016 (09:37:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0067.v1

A Risk Management Assessment of Rural Villages in Abhar County, Iran Using Spatial Analysis and Disaster Readiness Surveys

Mehdi Hajilo, Lori Pennington-Gray, Vahid Riahi, Amir Talkhab

Subject: Social Sciences, Geography, Planning And Development Keywords: spatial analysis; risk taking; preparedness of local population; the City of Abhar

Online: 24 July 2017 (12:40:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0137.v1

An Efficient and High-Resolution Topology Optimization Method Based on Convolutional Neural Networks

Liang Xue, Jie Liu, Guilin Wen, Hongxin Wang

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematics Keywords: topology optimization; convolutional neural network; high-resolution

Online: 12 October 2019 (03:56:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0132.v1

Case-Based Study of Metrics Derived from Instrumented Fall Risk Assessment Tests

Anabela Martins, Joana Silva, António Santos, João Madureira, Carlos Alcobia, Luís Ferreira, Pedro Mendes, Cláudia Tonelo, Catarina Silva, Daniela Baltazar, Inês Sousa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: fall risk assessment; risk of falling; force platforms; inertial sensors.

Online: 12 August 2016 (09:32:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0470.v1

River Influx Drives Heavy Metal Pollution in Manila Bay, Philippines: An Insight from Multivariate Analyses

Reymar Diwa, Custer Deocaris, Lawrence Belo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: heavy metals; surface sediment; Manila Bay; pollution; multivariate analysis; ecological risk

Online: 18 June 2021 (08:32:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0038.v1

Exploring The Magnetic Field Configuration Close To The Central Engines Using GMVA

Bindu Rani, Thomas Krichbaum, J. Hodgson, Shoko Koyama, Anton J. Zensus, Alan Marscher, Svetlana Jorstad, Lars Fuhramnn

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: active galaxies; BL Lacertae object: BL Lac; jets; GMVA: high-resolution VLBI; magnetic field; polarization

Online: 15 July 2016 (10:06:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0117.v1

Transcriptomic and Metabolomics Analyses Show that High Carbohydrate Induces Fatty Liver in Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)

Wassana Prisingkorn, Panita Prathomya, Han Liu, Fang-Yu Deng, Yu-Hua Zhao, Wei-Min Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: blunt snout bream; high carbohydrate; transcriptome; metabolomics; insulin resistance; fatty liver disease

Online: 26 January 2017 (03:52:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0080.v1

Definition of Internet of Things (IoT) Cyber Risk – Discussion on a Transformation Roadmap for Standardisation of Regulations, Risk Maturity, Strategy Design and Impact Assessment

Petar Radanliev, David De Roure, Jason R.C. Nurse, Pete Burnap, Eirini Anthi, Uchenna Ani, La’Treall Maddox, Omar Santos, Rafael Mantilla Montalvo

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Internet of Things; Micro Mart model; Goal-Oriented Approach; transformation roadmap; Cyber risk regulations; empirical analysis; cyber risk self-assessment; cyber risk target state

Online: 6 March 2019 (11:47:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0221.v1

Determination of Antibiotic Residue in Milk and Assessment of Human Health Risk in Bangladesh

Md. Rahman, Mohammad Hassan, Sharmin Chowdhury

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: antibiotic residue; human health; milk; risk assessment; TLC; UHPLC

Online: 17 June 2020 (13:25:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0042.v1

Health Risk Assessment of VOCs from Surgical Smoke

Shaohua She, Gang Lu, Wah Yang, Mianwei Hong, Lingfei Zhu

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: surgical smoke; volatile organic compounds (VOCs); health risk assessment (HRA); carcinogenic

Online: 17 July 2017 (07:40:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0031.v2

The Solvency II Standard Formula, Linear Geometry, and Diversification

Joachim Paulusch

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Applied Mathematics Keywords: Solvency II; Standard Formula; Risk Measure; Diversification; Aggregation; Monotony; Homogeneity; Subadditivity; Euler's Principle; Capital Allocation

Online: 1 March 2017 (08:53:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0072.v1

Batch Fermentation Options for High Titer Bioethanol Production from a SPORL Pretreated Douglas-fir Forest Residue without Detoxification

Mingyan Yang, Hairui Ji, J.Y. ZHU

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: forest residue; pretreatment; liquefaction; enzymatic hydrolysis/saccharification; fermentation; high titer bioethanol; detoxification

Online: 8 August 2016 (10:39:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0322.v1

Comparative Analysis of Compiler Performances and Program Efficiency

Paul Tawo Bukie, Chinedu Leonard Udeze, Iwara Ofem Obono, Edim Bassey Edim

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Science Keywords: java virtual machine (jvm); high level programming languages; high performance computing (hpc); php framework; compiler

Online: 29 September 2019 (05:01:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0094.v1

New Developments in Cyber Physical Systems, the Internet of Things and the Digital Economy – Discussion on Future Developments in the Industrial Internet of Things and Industry 4.0

Petar Radanliev, David De Roure, Jason R.C. Nurse, Razvan Nicolescu, Michael Huth, Stacy Cannady, Rafael Mantilla Montalvo

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Internet of Things; Cyber Physical Systems; Digital Economy; Industrial Internet of Things; Industry 4.0; empirical analysis; cyber risk assessment; cyber risk target state

Online: 7 March 2019 (12:25:15 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0292.v1

A Critical Review of the Material Characteristics of Additive Manufactured IN718 for High Temperature Application

Ching Kiat Yong, Gregory J. Gibbons, Geoff West

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: laser powder bed fusion; Inconel 718; high temperature; material characterisation; laser shock peening

Online: 14 October 2020 (09:11:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0044.v1

Effect of Constitutive Equations on Prediction Accuracy for Springback in Cold Stamping of TRIP1180

Ki-Young Seo, Jae-Hong Kim, Hyun-Seok Lee, Ji Hoon Kim, Byung-Min Kim

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: advanced high strength steel; yield function; hardening model; springback; deformation mode

Online: 8 March 2017 (04:51:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0023.v1

Observing---and Imaging---Active Galactic Nuclei with the Event Horizon Telescope

Vincent Fish, Kazunori Akiyama, Katherine Bouman, Andrew Chael, Michael Johnson, Sheperd Doeleman, Lindy Blackburn, John Wardle, William Freeman

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: galaxies: jets---Galaxy: center---techniques: high angular resolution---techniques: image processing---techniques: interferometric

Online: 12 July 2016 (09:41:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0162.v1

CDS Rate Construction Methods by Machine Learning Techniques

Raymond Brummelhuis, Zhongmin Luo

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: machine learning; Counterparty Credit Risk; CDS Proxy construction; classification

Online: 22 May 2017 (08:21:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0121.v1

Development of Propulsion Inverter Control System for High-Speed Maglev Based on LS-LSM

Jeong-Min Jo, Jin-Ho Lee, Young-Jae Han, Chang-Young Lee, Kwan-Sub Lee

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: high speed maglev; long-stator synchronous motor; propulsion inverter control system position estimator

Online: 26 January 2017 (08:58:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0046.v1

Small Scale Hydroelectric Power Plants in Norway. Some Microeconomic and Environmental Considerations

Johannes Idsø

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: small scale hydroelectric power; neumann-mortenstern utility theory; environmental effects of hydro power; hydropower and risk

Online: 5 May 2017 (05:32:02 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0115.v1

Mobbing and Harcèlement Moral in Comparative Perspective. Study of the Phenomenon in Poland and France.

Monika Budnik

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: Mobbing, Harcèlement moral, Workplace, Psychosocial risk, Content analysis.

Online: 18 April 2017 (17:32:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0054.v1

A Hierarchal Risk Assessment Model using the Evidential Reasoning Rule

Xiaoxiao Ji, Jiang Jiang, Jianbin Sun, Yu-wang Chen

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: Risk assessment; Evidential reasoning; Fire/explosion

Online: 9 November 2016 (10:29:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0337.v1

Level of Knowledge, Attitude and Perception About COVID-19 Pandemic and Infection Control: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Veterinarians in Nigeria

Olubukola Adenubi, Oluwawemimo Adebowale, Abimbola Oloye, Noah Bankole, Hezekiah Adesokan, Oladotun Fadipe, Patience Ayo-Ajayi, Adebayo Akinloye

Subject: Social Sciences, Government Keywords: COVID-19; Risk; Knowledge; Attitude; Perception; Veterinarian; Nigeria

Online: 15 July 2020 (12:27:50 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Overview of HVDC Technology

Neville Watson

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: High Voltage Direct Current transmission (HVDC); Multi-terminal HVDC; Voltage Source Converter (CSC); Voltage Source Converter (VSC)

Online: 19 July 2020 (20:28:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0050.v1

Preparation and Evaluation of an Elusive Polymorph of Mefenamic Acid by High Pressure Techniques

Nasir Abbas, Iain Oswald, Colin R. Pulham

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Physical Chemistry Keywords: mefenamic acid; diamond anvil cell; high-pressure; polymorphism; high-pressure crystallization; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Online: 8 March 2017 (08:58:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0058.v1

Public Perception of Climate Risk: The Case of Greece

Asimina Voskaki, Konstantinos Tsermenidis

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: climate risk; climate change; public perception

Online: 6 August 2016 (04:59:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0195.v1

Impact of Optimized Protein in Infant Formula on the Metabolic and Nutritional Health in Infants: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Pedro Gutierrez-Castrellon, Javier Luna-Carrasco, Anahi Anzo-Osorio, Luisa Diaz Garcia, Salvador Villalpando-carrion, Gabriel López-Velázquez, Carlos Jiménez-Gutiérrez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Optimized protein in formula, infants, obesity risk reduction

Online: 31 October 2017 (15:29:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0074.v1

Novel Step-up DC-to-DC Converter with Isolated Transformer and Switched-Clamp Capacitor Techniques for Renewable Systems

Yong-Seng Wong, Jiann-Fuh Chen, Kuo-Bin Liu

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: high voltage gain; switch-clamp capacitor; DC–DC converter; renewable energy

Online: 18 October 2016 (09:45:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0219.v1

Mapping Informal Settlements in the Middle East Environment using an Object-Based Machine-Learning Approach

Ahmad Fallatah, Simon Jones, David Mitchell

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: informal settlement indicators; very high resolution (VHR); urbanisation; sustainable development goals; object-based image analysis (OBIA); machine learning (ML); random forest (RF)

Online: 12 September 2018 (12:32:25 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0395.v1

V483a – an Emerging Mutation Hotspot of Sars-Cov-2

Omar Ashwaq, Pratibha Manickavasagam, Sk Manirul Haque

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Spike protein, V483A, substitution mutation, virus-host cell interaction, high transmission, infectivity.

Online: 17 September 2020 (10:43:02 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Respiratory Virus Infection Is A High-risk Factor for Developing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

MIngyue Chen, Wenxiu Wang, JIng Yu, Zhou Wang, Xiaofeng Zheng, Mingshu Han, Youwei Zhang, LEi Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; influenza; SARS-CoV-2; ACE2; risk factor

Online: 16 October 2020 (11:49:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0122.v1

Performance Enhancement Techniques for Patch Antennas of Small Satellites

Zizung Yoon, Mayank Mayank, Enrico Stoll

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: satellite communication, antenna optimization, high gain antenna

Online: 3 March 2021 (09:59:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0081.v1

Development and Application of a Wireless Sensor for Space Charge Density Measurement in an Ultra-High-Voltage, Direct-Current Environment

Encheng Xin, Yong Ju, Haiwen Yuan

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Ultra High-voltage direct-current (UHVDC); space charge density; energy consumption; wireless communication; Zigbee

Online: 20 October 2016 (06:02:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0014.v1

Decreasing Trends in HIV Testing among Adults in Georgia: Analysis of the 2010-2014 BRFSS Data

Benjamin E. Ansa, Sashia White, Yunmi Chung, Selina A. Smith

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HIV/AIDS; testing; trends; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; socio-demographic; Georgia

Online: 5 September 2016 (11:21:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0163.v1

A Hybrid MCDM Technique for Risk Management in Construction Projects

Kajal Chatterjee, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Jolanta Tamošaitienė, Krishnendu Adhikary, Samarjit Kar

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: D number, Analytical Network Process (ANP), MABAC, Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), Consistent fuzzy preference relation (CFPR), Construction project risk, Risk Management

Online: 24 November 2017 (16:46:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0099.v1

Advanced Glycation Endproducts form During Ovalbumin Digestion in the Presence of Fructose

Alejandro Gugliucci, Yasmin Bains, Russell Caccavello

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: ovalbumin, allergy; advanced glycation; fructose; fructositis; receptor for advanced glycation end products; inflammation; asthma; chlorogenic acid; Ilex paraguariensis; high fructose corn syrup

Online: 28 February 2017 (10:41:10 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Dynamic Real-Time Risk Analytics of Uncontrollable States in Complex Internet of Things Systems: Cyber Risk at the Edge

Petar Radanliev, David De Roure, Max Van Kleek, Pete Burnap, Eirini Anthi, Jason R.C. Nurse, Omar Santos, Rafael Mantilla Montalvo, La’Treall Maddox

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: functional dependency; network-based linear dependency modelling; internet of things; micro mort model; goal-oriented approach; transformation roadmap; cyber risk regulations; empirical analysis; cyber risk self-assessment; cyber risk target state.

Online: 25 December 2020 (11:35:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0160.v1

Safety Evaluation of Absorbent Hygiene Pads: a Review on Assessment Framework and Test Methods

Jihyun Bae, Hoonjeong Kwon, Jooyoun Kim

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: absorbent hygiene pad; diaper; feminine pad; risk assessment; safety; hazard; exposure; test method

Online: 8 October 2018 (16:26:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0216.v1

A Dysbiotic Mycobiome Dominated by Candida albicans is Identified within Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Manosha Perera, Nezar Noor Al-hebshi, Irosha Perera, Deepak Ipe, Glen Ulett, David J. Speicher, Tsute Chen, Newell W. Johnson

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: 18S rRNA; fungi; mycobiome; carcinoma; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; microbiome; mouth; squamous cell

Online: 30 March 2017 (05:37:37 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0077.v1

Agro-Industrial Avocado (Persea americana) Waste Biorefinery

Anthony Mora-Sandí, Abigail Ramírez-González, Luis Castillo-Henríquez, Mary Lopretti-Correa, José Roberto Vega-Baudrit

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: biorefinery; bioprocess; agro-industry; high-value products; Avocado

Online: 2 April 2021 (15:35:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0426.v1

When water runs dry and temperature heats up: Understanding the mechanisms in rice tolerance to drought and high temperature stress conditions

Roel Rabara, Joseph Msanne, Marilyn Ferrer, Supratim Basu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: rice, abiotic stress, high temperature, drought, physiological responses, molecular mechanisms, systems biology

Online: 26 June 2018 (15:30:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0024.v1

Inflammatory Bacteriome Featuring Fusobacterium nucleatum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Identified in Association with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Nezar Noor Al-hebshi, Akram Thabet Nasher, Mohamed Yousef Maryoud, Husham E. Homeida, Tsute Chen, Ali Mohamed Idris, Newell W. Johnson

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: 16S rRNA; bacteria; bacteriome; carcinoma; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; microbiome; mouth; squamous cell

Online: 6 March 2017 (04:47:15 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0221.v1

Combination High Energy with Stability: Polynitrogen Explosives N14 and N18

Jifeng Chen, Yi Yu, Yuchuan Li, Siping Pang

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Physical Chemistry Keywords: N14; N18; density functional theory (DFT); high energy; stability

Online: 13 July 2018 (03:35:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0092.v1

Structuring Climate Adaptation through Multiple Perspectives

Mohanasundar Radhakrishnan, Assela Pathirana, Richard Ashley, Chris Zevenbergen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: climate adaptation; flexibility; flood risk management; urban adaptation

Online: 20 January 2017 (04:25:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0291.v1

Modelling Hypertension and Risk Factors among Adults Using Ordinal Logistics Regression Model

Monday Osagie Adenomon, Daniel Owoicholofu John

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: Hypertension; Risk; Factor; Ordinal; Odd ratio; Logistic; regession

Online: 24 January 2020 (16:08:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0019.v1

A Model of Extracting Building from High Resolution Remote Sensing Image Based on Bayesian Convolutional Neural Networks

Xiaoxia Yang , Chengming Zhang, Shuai Gao, Fan Yu, Dejuan Song, Qingdi Wei, Yan Chen, Shouyi Wang

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: high resolution remote sensing image; convolutional neural networks; full convolution networks; Bayesian convolutional neural networks; building extraction; conditional probability density function

Online: 3 January 2018 (04:46:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0172.v1

A Study on Coastal Flooding and Risk Assessment under Climate Change in Mid-Western Coast of Taiwan

Tai-Wen Hsu, Dong-Sin Shih, Chi-Yu Li, Yuan-Jyh Lan, Yu-Chen Lin

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Climate Change; Coastal Disasters; Vulnerability; Disaster Risk.

Online: 21 March 2017 (16:41:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0023.v1

Quantifying Model Risk in Credit Derivatives Pricing

Colin Turfus

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Finance Keywords: perturbation expansion; Green’s function; model risk; model uncertainty; credit derivatives; CVA; correlation risk

Online: 4 January 2018 (03:24:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0072.v1

Three-Dimensional Modeling Interaction of Shock Wave with Fin at Mach 5

Amjad A. Pasha

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: high speed flows; shock wave; turbulent boundary layer; shock-unsteadiness; separation bubble; turbulence modeling; single fin

Online: 26 July 2017 (07:48:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0471.v1

Fecal Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Potential Role in Person-To-Person Transmission and the Environment-Based Spread of COVID-19

Davey Jones, Marcos Quintela Baluja, David Graham, Alexander Corbishley, James McDonald, Shelagh Malham, Luke Hillary, Thomas Connor, William Gaze, Ines Moura, Mark Wilcox, Kata Farkas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: bathing waters; coronavirus; environmental transmission; faecal-oral route; infection risk; waterborne illness

Online: 20 July 2020 (12:02:45 CEST)

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The recent detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces has led to speculation that it can be transmitted via the fecal-oral/ocular route. This review aims to critically evaluate the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, the quantity and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in feces and urine, and whether these pose an infection risk in sanitary settings, sewage networks, wastewater treatment plants, and the wider environment (e.g. rivers, lakes and marine waters). Overall, severe GI dysfunction is only evident in a small number of COVID-19 cases, with 11 ± 2% exhibiting diarrhea and 12 ± 3% exhibiting vomiting and nausea. In addition to these cases, SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in feces from some asymptomatic, mildly- and pre-symptomatic individuals. Fecal shedding of the virus peaks in the symptomatic period and can persist for several weeks, but with declining abundances in the post-symptomatic phase. SARS-CoV-2 RNA is occasionally detected in urine, but reports in fecal samples are more frequent. The abundance of the virus genetic material in both urine (ca. 10²-10⁵ gc/ml) and feces (ca. 10²-10⁷ gc/ml) is much lower than in nasopharyngeal fluids (ca. 10⁵-10¹¹ gc/ml). There is strong evidence of multiplication of SARS-CoV-2 in the GI tract and infectious virus has occasionally been recovered from both urine and stool samples. The level and infectious capability of SARS-CoV-2 in vomit remain unknown. In comparison to enteric viruses transmitted via the fecal-oral route (e.g. norovirus, adenovirus), the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 being transmitted via feces or urine appears lower due to the lower relative amounts of virus present in feces/urine. The biggest risk of transmission will occur in clinical and care home settings where secondary handling of people and urine/fecal matter occurs. In addition, while SARS-CoV-2 RNA genetic material can be detected by in wastewater, this signal is greatly reduced by conventional treatment. Our analysis also suggests the likelihood of infection due to contact with sewage-contaminated water (e.g. swimming, surfing, angling) or food (e.g. salads, shellfish) is extremely low or negligible based on very low predicted abundances and limited environmental survival of SARS-CoV-2. These conclusions are corroborated by the fact that over eight million global cases of COVID-19 have occurred, but exposure to feces or wastewater has never been implicated as a transmission vector.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0088.v2

Plasmonic Refractive Index Sensor with High Figure of Merit Based on Concentric-Rings Resonator

Zhaojian Zhang, Junbo Yang, Xin He, Jingjing Zhang, Jie Huang, Dingbo Chen, Yunxin Han

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: plasmonic sensor; high figure of merit; concentric double rings resonator

Online: 20 December 2017 (10:07:32 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0029.v1

(Re)conceptualising Risk: What (Seems to) Work for At-Risk Students

David Zyngier

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: student risk; social justice; critical pedagogy; critical pedagogy

Online: 14 July 2016 (11:03:29 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0053.v1

Market Spread an Indicator of Systemic Risk in India

Subhash Karmakar, Gautam Bandyopadhyay

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Finance Keywords: Systemic risk; Systemically Important Firms(SIFs); Stock Price; Stock Price (Close); Stock Price (Open); Stock Price: Bid; Stock Price: Ask; Stock Price: Spread; Joint Probability of Distress(JPoD); Banking Stability Index (BSI); Co-Risk Model

Online: 15 February 2017 (10:40:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0005.v2

Reshuffling the Risk Factors of Severe Early Childhood Caries

Noha Kabil, Sherif Eltaweil

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: severe early childhood caries; risk factors

Online: 3 November 2016 (08:39:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0009.v1

Bidding of Energy Sources and Energy Storage System in Day-ahead Markets

Mustafa Alswaiti, Ali Alawami

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: pumped storage system; coordinated PSS with wind-thermal generation; uncoordinated PSS; risk; mixed integer programming; thermal unit commitment schedule; PSS modes schedule

Online: 6 July 2017 (07:46:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0068.v1

Treated Greywater Reuse for Hydroponic Lettuce Production in a Green Wall System – Quantitative Health Risk Assessment

Fasil Ejigu Eregno, Melesse Eshetu Moges, Arve Heistad

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Source separation system; Greywater treatment; Water reuse; Hydroponic system; Green wall; Heavy metals bioaccumulation; QMRA; Health risk assessment

Online: 8 May 2017 (17:39:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0015.v1

Risk Assessment for Distribution Systems Using a Developed PEM-Based Method Considering Wind and Photovoltaic Power Distribution

Qingwu Gong, Jiazhi Lei

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: distributed generators; risk assessment; distribution systems; developed PEM-based method; optimal power flow algorithm

Online: 4 January 2017 (07:31:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0166.v1

Bile acid detoxifying enzymes limit susceptibility to liver fibrosis in female SHRSP5/Dmcr rats fed with a high-fat-cholesterol diet

Husna Yetti, Hisao Naito, Yuan Yuan, Xiaofang Jia, Yumi Hayashi, Hazuki Tamada, Kazuya Kitamori, Katsumi Ikeda, Yukio Yamori, Tamie Nakajima

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: constitutive androstene receptor; cytochrome P450, fibrosis; gender difference; high-fat-cholesterol (HFC) diet; necrosis; stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive 5/Dmcr rats; sulfotransferase, pregnane X receptor; UGP-glucuronosyltransferase

Online: 23 May 2017 (07:54:46 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0135.v1

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment among Postmenopausal Women: A Review

Lingkan Barua, Mithila Faruque, Palash C Banik, Liaquat Ali

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: cardiovascular risk assessment; postmenopausal women; cardiovascular risk factors; emerging risk factors; hormone replacement therapy

Online: 8 June 2018 (12:46:31 CEST)

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