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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0349.v1

Loss of Mitochondrial Tusc2/Fus1 Triggers a Brain Proinflammatory Microenvironment and Early Spatial Memory Impairment

Tonie Farris, Salvador Gonzalez Ochoa, Muna Mohammed, Harshana Rajakaruna, Jane Tonello, Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai, Olga Korolkova, Akiko Shimamoto, Alla V Ivanova, Anil Shanker

Subject: Aging, Biology And Life Sciences Keywords: aging; neuroinflammation; cognitive impairment; Tusc2; Fus1; mitochondria; calcium; brain immune populations; sex-dependent changes

Online: 7 May 2024 (08:17:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1538.v2

Is the Myasthenia Gravis (MG) the Result of Age and Sex/Gender? A Narrative Review for Identifying Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers for a Differential MG Management in Old and Young Women

Giuseppe Schirò, Tiziana Colletti, tommaso piccoli, paolo ragonese, giuseppe salemi, Carmela Rita Balistreri, marco d'amelio

Subject: Neuroscience And Neurology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Myasthenia gravis (MG); age and sex/gender; two different forms; genetic and epigenetic factors

Online: 30 April 2024 (11:46:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1193.v1

Sub-Saharan Irregular Migrant Women’s Sexuality: A Qualita-Tive Study in Humanitarian Reception Centers Title

Alicia García-León, José Granero-Molina, María del Mar Jiménez-Lasserrotte

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Irregular Migrant Women; Qualitative Research; Reception Centers; Sexuality; Sex Education.

Online: 18 April 2024 (17:08:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1186.v1

A Math Digital Game and Multiple-Try Use in Primary Students: A Gender Analysis on Motivation and Performance

Claudio Cubillos, Silvana Roncagliolo, Daniel Cabrera-Paniagua, Rosa Maria Vicari

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: Computer-Based Learning; Sex differences; Multiple attempts; MTF

Online: 18 April 2024 (13:44:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1112.v1

Effect of Sex, Age and Temperature on the Functional Response of Macrolophus pygmaeus Ramber and Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Heteroptera: Miridae), on Eggs of Tuta absoluta

Eleni Yiacoumi, Nikos A. Kouloussis, Dimitrios S. Koveos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: M. pygmaeus; N. tenuis; Miridae; T.absoluta; functional response; tomato; sex; adult age; temperature; predator

Online: 17 April 2024 (11:57:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1037.v1

Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Tumor (UTROSCT): A Rare Polyphenotypic Neoplasm

Giovanna Giordano, Debora Guareschi, Elena Thai

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Stromal Tumor; Uterine mesenchymal neoplasm; Polyphenotypic Neoplasm; Prognosis.

Online: 16 April 2024 (10:50:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0546.v2

Trans-eQTLs Can Be Used to Identify Tissue-Specific Gene Regulatory Networks

Majid Nikpay

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: trans-eQTLs; tissue specificity; gene regulatory network; scale-free network

Online: 8 April 2024 (15:09:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0519.v1

The Role of Endogenous Beta-Endorphin in Food Intake and Glucose Homeostasis in Male and Female Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Laica Tolentino, Vanessa Escolero, Abdul Bari Muhammad, Abdul Hamid, Kabirullah Lutfy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: beta-endorphin; high-fat diet (HFD); oral glucose tolerance test; sex differences; food intake; obesity

Online: 8 April 2024 (10:54:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0149.v1

Cheiloscopic Evaluation in Forensic Odontostomatology

Emanuele Di Vita, Davide Albano, Andrea Trizzino, Fabio Massimo Sciarra, Simone Vintrici, Lorenzo Reali, Enzo Cumbo, Giuseppa Bilello, Stefania Zerbo, Antonella Argo, Pietro Messina, Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: Cheiloscopy; Forensic dentistry; Lip prints; Sex

Online: 2 April 2024 (08:52:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1769.v1

Predictive Modeling of Postpartum Haemorrhage Using Early Risk Factors: A Comparative Analysis of Statistical and Machine Learning Models

Shannon Holcroft, Innocent Karangwa, Francesca Little, Joelle Behoor, Oliva Bazirete

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Postpartum haemorrhage; statistical models; machine learning models; sensitivity; specificity; mis-classification rate

Online: 28 March 2024 (13:34:04 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1720.v1

Can Tumour Antigens Provide Diagnostic Biomarkers for Early-Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer?

Eithar Mohamed, Daniel Fletcher, Simon Hart, Barbara-ann Guinn

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: lung cancer; nodules; CT scan; tumour associated antigens (TAAs); early diagnosis; sensitivity; specificity; cancer testis antigens (CTA)

Online: 28 March 2024 (09:40:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1267.v1

A Female-Specific Treatment Group for ADHD – Description of the Programme and Qualitative Analysis of First Experiences

Maxime de Jong, Dora S.R.M. Wynchank, Marieke Michielsen, Aartjan T.F. Beekman, Sandra J.J. Kooij

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); women; menstrual cycle; non-pharmacological treatment; group treatment; sex hormones; premenstrual; female specific therapy; self-awareness; self-acceptance

Online: 21 March 2024 (11:26:38 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1065.v1

Descartes’ error with love

Jean-Olivier Durand

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: sex; pornography; wonderful body; love; positive emotions; homeostasis: Descartes’ error

Online: 19 March 2024 (10:14:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0943.v1

Machine Learning Models Predicting Incidence, Severity, and Early Outcomes of Hemorrhagic Stroke from Weather Parameters and Individual Risk Factors

Yauhen Statsenko, Ekaterina Fursa, Vasyl Laver, Tatsiana Talako, Gillian Lylian Simiyu, Fatmah Al Zahmi, Darya Smetanina, Klaus Neidl-Van Gorkom, Miklos Szolics, Jamal Al. Koteesh, Taleb M. Almansoori, Milos Ljubisavljevic

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Machine learning classification model; Distributed lag nonlinear model; Hemorrhagic stroke; Weather; Ethnicity; Sex; Middle East; Harsh climate

Online: 15 March 2024 (16:00:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0561.v2

Genomic and Phenotypic Analysis of Salmonella enterica Bacteriophages Identifies Two Novel Phage Species

Sudhakar Bhandare, Opeyemi U. Lawal, Anna Colavecchio, Brigitte Cadieux, Yella Zahirovich-Jovich, Zeyan Zhong, Elizabeth Tompkins, Margot Amitrano, Irena Kukavica-Ibrulj, Brian Boyle, Siyun Wang, Roger C. Levesque, Pascal Delaquis, Michelle Danyluk, Lawrence Goodridge

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Salmonella; bacteriophage; diversity; host specificity; comparative phylogenomics; food safety.

Online: 13 March 2024 (14:07:08 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0117.v2

Brain Stars Take the Lead during Critical Periods of Early Postnatal Brain Development: Relevance of Astrocytes in Health and Mental Disorders

Eugenia Vivi, Barbara Di Benedetto

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: astrocytes; critical period; synapse phagocytosis; sex differences; neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders

Online: 13 March 2024 (07:22:10 CET)

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In the brain, astrocytes regulate shape and functions of the synaptic and vascular compartments through a variety of released factors and membrane-bound proteins. An imbalanced astrocyte activity can therefore have drastic negative impacts on brain development, leading to the onset of severe pathologies. Clinical and pre-clinical studies show alterations in astrocyte cell number, morphology, molecular makeup and astrocyte-dependent processes in different affected brain regions in neurodevelopmental (ND) and neuropsychiatric (NP) disorders. Astrocytes proliferate, differentiate and mature during the critical period of early postnatal brain development, a time window of elevated glia-dependent regulation of a proper balance between synapse formation/elimination, which is pivotal in refining synaptic connectivity. Therefore, any intrinsic and/or extrinsic factors altering these processes during the critical period may result in an aberrant synaptic remodelling and onset of mental disorders. The peculiar bridging position of astrocytes between synaptic and vascular compartments further allows them to “compute” the brain state and consequently secrete factors in the bloodstream, which may serve as diagnostic biomarkers of distinct healthy or disease conditions.Here, we collect recent advancements regarding astrogenesis and astrocyte-mediated regulation of neuronal network remodelling during early postnatal critical periods of brain development, focusing on synapse elimination. We then propose alternative hypotheses for an involvement of aberrancies in these processes in the onset of ND and NP disorders. In light of the well-known differential prevalence of certain brain disorders between males and females, we also discuss putative sex-dependent influences on these neurodevelopmental events.From a translational perspective, understanding age- and sex-dependent astrocyte-specific molecular and functional changes may help to identify biomarkers of distinct cellular (dys)functions in health and disease, favouring the development of diagnostic tools or the selection of tailored treatment options for male/female patients.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0083.v1

Communicating about Sex Is Important in Generating Positive Perceptions about One’s Sexual and Romantic Life. The Last Decade Has Provided Insight into the Theoretical Applications on Sex Communication Research. While the Focus on Extant Research Focuses

Andre Fedd, Jennifer Anne Samp, Colter Ray

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: Sex Talk, Communicative Processes, Theory Development, Interpersonal Relationships, Sexual Behaviors

Online: 4 March 2024 (09:52:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0068.v1

Identification, Expression and Evolutional Analysis of Two cyp19-Like Genes in Amphioxus

Yajun Wang, Jingyuan Lin, Wenjin Li, Guangdong Ji, Zhenhui Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Amphioxus; Invertebrates; Sex differentiation; Cyp19

Online: 1 March 2024 (18:54:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0050.v1

Title Referable Diabetic Retinopathy Prediction Algorithm Applied to a Population of 120389 Type 2 Diabetics over 11 Years Follow-Up.

Pedro ROMERO-AROCA, Raquel Verges, Jordi Pascual-Fontanilles, Aida Valls, Josep Franch-Nadal, Xavier Mundet, Antonio Moreno, Josep Basora, Eugeni Garcia-Curto, Marc Baget-Bernaldiz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy; algorithm; sensitivity; specificity; artificial intelligence

Online: 1 March 2024 (13:07:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1653.v2

The p53 tumor suppressor protein activates transcription of DUSP13 isoform from the alternative promoter in intron

Małgorzata Krześniak, Barbara Łasut-Szyszka, Agnieszka Będzińska, Agnieszka Gdowicz-Kłosok, Marek Rusin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: p53; MDM2; DUSP13; alternative promoter; dual-specificity phosphatase

Online: 26 February 2024 (16:55:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1347.v1

Aroplectrus dimerus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Ectoparasitoid of the Nettle Caterpillar, Darna pallivitta (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae): Evaluation in the Hawaiian Islands

Juliana A. Yalemar, Walter T. Nagamine, Renato C Bautista, Dexter Y Cho, Larry M Nakahara, Mohsen M. Ramadan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: host specificity; reproductive performance; colonization; parasitism rates; secondary parasitism; moth traps catch; Eulophidae; Limacodidae

Online: 23 February 2024 (04:34:20 CET)

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The stinging nettle caterpillar, Darna pallivitta (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) is a serious invasive pest of agricultural products and a health hazard on the Hawaiian Islands first discovered in 2001. Nursery workers and homeowners have been stung by the caterpillars while handling their plants, especially rhapis palms (Rhapis sp.). Throughout its invaded range, it causes widespread damage including the many cultivated and native palm species grown in Hawaii. Of medical importance are the stinging spines of the larva, which cause dermatitis on contact with the skin. Horticulture and nursery products impacted by the limacodid pest are estimated at $84.3 million (2018 value). An eradication attempt with pesticides and lure traps was made but proved unsuccessful and the moth population continued to spread to major Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, Kauai, Maui, Oahu). The introduction of specific biological control agents from the native region was thought to be the long-term solution for this invasive pest. Initial exploration in Indonesia and Thailand resulted in the introduction of a pupal ectoparasitoid, Nesolynx sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae), that was not specific. The oriental wasp, Aroplectrus dimerus Lin (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Eulophinae), idiobiont gregarious ectoparasitoid of the stinging nettle caterpillar, was introduced from Taiwan in 2004 for host specificity studies and biocontrol in Hawaii. Host range testing showed the parasitoid attacked only limacodid species and it was approved for field release in 2010. The parasitoid identity, host specificity under containment facility conditions, reproductive performance, colonization on the major infested sites were assessed. A total of 13379 parasitoids were colonized on162 release sites on four Hawaiian Islands. Evaluations were conducted using field surveys of larvae, pupal counts, and male lure traps. Field parasitism was thoroughly investigated on Oahu Island averaging 18.9 ± 5.6 % of 3923 collected larvae during 2010 – 2023. The numbers of male moths caught/trap/month were significantly reduced on Oahu Island (P

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1283.v1

Mutation Trajectory of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Virus

Tomokazu Konishi, Toa Takahashi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: mutations; conservation; variants; host specificity; JN.1; principal component analysis

Online: 22 February 2024 (12:40:36 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1280.v1

Reliability of IL-6 Alone and in Combination for Diagnosis of Late Onset Sepsis: a Systematic Review

Julia Eichberger, Elisabeth Resch, Bernhard Resch

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: interleukin-6; late-onset sepsis; sensitivity; specificity; meta-analysis; diagnostic accuracy

Online: 22 February 2024 (12:10:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0279.v1

Estimating Partnership Duration among MSM in Belgium – a Modelling Study

Achilleas Tsoumanis, Wim Vanden Berghe, Niel Hens, Christophe Van Dijck

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: men who have sex with men; mathematical modelling; partnership duration; partnership homophily

Online: 6 February 2024 (04:57:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2202.v1

Unravelling the Nexus of Risky Sexual Practices, and HIV Prevalence Among Young Female Sex Workers in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Olivier Mukuku, Yannick Nkiambi Kiakuvue, Georges Numbi Yumba, Bienvenu Mukuku Ruhindiza, Christian Ngama Kakisingi, Joe Katabwa Kabongo, Claude Mulumba Mwamba

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: HIV; Young female sex worker; Prevalence; Risky sexual practices; Lubumbashi

Online: 31 January 2024 (13:02:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2192.v1

Optical Biosensor Based on Porous Silicon and Tamm Plasmon Polariton for Detection of CagA Antigen of Helicobacter Pylori

Guoguang Rong, Alexey Kavokin, Mohamad Sawan

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Optical Biosensor; Tamm Plasmon Polariton; Porous Silicon; CagA antigen; Helicobacter Pylori; High Sensitivity; Specificity; Disgnostics

Online: 31 January 2024 (12:53:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2217.v1

First European Erwinia amylovora Lytic Bacteriophage Cocktails Effective in the Host: Characterization and Prospects for Fire Blight Biocontrol

Elena G. Biosca, Ricardo Delgado Santander, Félix Morán, Ángela Figàs-Segura, Rosa Vázquez, Jose Francísco Català-Senent, Belén Álvarez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: phytopathogenic bacteria; biological control; phages; environmental samples; lysis; specificity; pear trees; loquats

Online: 31 January 2024 (11:36:34 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2099.v1

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Mpox in Cisgender and Transgender Women and Non-Binary Individuals Assigned to Female Sex at Birth: A Comprehensive, Critical Global Perspective

Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Woldegebriel Assefa Woldegerima, Jianhong Wu, Manlio Converti, Lukasz Szarpak, Andrea Crapanzano, Marwan Odeh, Raymond Farah, Rola Khamisy-Farah

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Mpox; cisgender; transgender women; and non-binary individuals assigned to female sex at birth; gender-specific differences; gender medicine ;

Online: 30 January 2024 (13:04:15 CET)

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The 2022-2023 Mpox multi-country outbreak, identified in over 110 WHO Member States, revealed a predominant impact on cisgender men, particularly those engaging in sex with men, while less frequently affecting women. This disparity prompted a focused investigation into the gender-specific characteristics of Mpox infections, particularly among women, to address a notable knowledge gap. This review systematically gathers and analyzes scientific literature and case reports concerning Mpox infections in women, covering a broad geographical spectrum including regions such as Buenos Aires, Brazil, Northern California, Colombia, Nigeria, Europe, Vietnam, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States. The analysis delves into various aspects of Mpox in women, including clinical features, epidemiology, psychological impacts, preparedness strategies, and case studies, with particular attention to pregnant women and those with underlying health conditions. Empirical data from multiple studies underscore the unique epidemiological and clinical patterns of Mpox in women. In the United States, a small percentage of Mpox cases were reported among cisgender women, with a notable portion involving non-Hispanic Black or African American, non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicities. The primary transmission route was identified as sexual or close intimate contact, with the virus predominantly manifesting on the legs, arms, and genital areas. Further, a study in Spain highlighted significant disparities in diagnosis delays, transmission modes, and clinical manifestations between genders, indicating a different risk profile and disease progression in women. Additionally, a case from Vietnam linked to a new Mpox sublineage in women emphasizes the role of women in the transmission dynamics and the importance of genomic monitoring. This review emphasizes the necessity for inclusive surveillance and research to fully understand Mpox dynamics across diverse population groups, including women. Highlighting gender and sexual orientation in public health responses is crucial for an effective approach to managing the spread and impact of the disease. The findings advocate for a gender-diverse assessment in health services and further research to explore the nuances of Mpox transmission, behavior, and progression among different groups, thereby enhancing the global response to Mpox and similar public health challenges.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2003.v1

Repurposing Drugs for Senotherapeutic Effect: Potential Senomorphic Effects of Female Synthetic Hormones

Laura Rosemary Bramwell, Ryan Frankum, Lorna Harries

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Senescence; structure-function screen; synthetic hormone; sex differences; sex-specific; senomorphic

Online: 29 January 2024 (12:49:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1193.v1

The Influence of Emotional Intelligence in Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis

Afra Masià-Plana, Miquel Sitjar-Suñer, Susana Mantas-Jiménez, Rosa Suñer-Soler

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease; Hemodialysis; Emotional Intelligence; Quality of life; Sex differences; Nursing

Online: 16 January 2024 (06:22:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0575.v1

Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Induces Osteoblast Cytotoxicity through Alterations in the Oxidant-Antioxidant System

Gautham Chengizkhan, Manju Mohan, Shabana Thabassum Mohammed Rafi, Sridhar Muthusami, Satish Ramalingam, Lurdes Queimado, R. Ileng Kumaran, Srinivasan Narasimhan, Ilangovan Ramachandran

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP); Endocrine disrupting compound (EDC); sex steroid receptor; Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2); oxidant-antioxidant system; osteoblastic cells; bone

Online: 8 January 2024 (07:14:11 CET)

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Humans are often exposed to various environmental contaminants, among which phthalates are prevalent due to their extensive use as plasticizers in various consumer goods. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a widely used phthalate, is recognized as an endocrine disruptor chemical (EDC). DEHP is reported to affect various organs. Few studies have addressed the effects of phthalates on bone. However, the effects of DEHP on the bone forming cells (osteoblasts) are obscure. The present study was peformed to determine the cytotoxic effects of DEHP on human osteoblasts in vitro and to delineate the mechansims. In this study, we exposed the human osteo-blastic cell line MG-63 to various concentrations of DEHP (1, 25, 50 and 100 µM) for 24, 48 and 72 h. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Total RNA and protein were collected after 48 h treatment with 1 and 100 µM DEHP and determined for the mRNA and/or protein expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), sex steroid receptors (androgen and estrogen receptors), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). The mRNA expression was stud-ied by real-time RT-PCR analysis and the protein expression was determined by western blot analysis. Statistical analyses were done by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Students–Newman–Keuls (SNK) test. The exposure of MG-63 cells to DEHP caused a signifi-cant decrease in osteoblast viability in all the treatment groups and at all the time points stud-ied. Interestingly, DEHP exposure decreased the mRNA expression of ALP, a bone formation marker. DEHP had differential effects on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) mRNA and protein ex-pression. However, DEHP treatment downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of ERβ, and androgen receptor (AR). Surprisingly, DEHP downregulated the RANKL mRNA expression. DEHP decreased the protein expression of RUNX2, the key transcription factor and master regu-lator of bone formation. Furthermore, DEHP increased the PPARα protein expression in the os-teoblasts. Importantly, DEHP increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) molecules and thus oxidative stress in osteoblasts, as observed by increased hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical levels and lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, it decreased the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels namely catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activity and reduced glutathione. Our study demonstrated that in vitro exposure to DEHP reduces the osteo-blast viability possibly through alterations in the oxidant-antioxidant system and modulation of the key genes involved in bone formation, highlighting the cytotoxic effects of DEHP on bone forming cells.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0509.v1

Extended Cleavage Specificity of Two Hematopoietic Serine Proteases from a Ray-Finned Fish, the Spotted Gar (Lepisosteus oculatus)

Paolo Valentini, Srinivas Akula, Abigail Alvarado-Vazquez, Jenny Hallgren, Zhirong Fu, Brett Racicot, Ingo Braasch, Michael Thorpe, Lars Hellman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: fish; serine protease; cleavage specificity; tryptase; macrophage; evolution.

Online: 5 January 2024 (16:45:20 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0130.v1

Sex Differences in Visceral Pain and Comorbidities: Clinical Outcomes, Preclinical Models, and Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms

Namrata Tiwari, Liya Y Qiao

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anesthesiology And Pain Medicine Keywords: pain; visceral; sex; clinical; preclinical; molecule

Online: 3 January 2024 (07:41:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1936.v1

Studying for Characterization of Ovarian Development and Associated Factors during the Breeding Migration of Coilia nasus in the Yangtze River

Shuwei Wei, Zhong Hua, Yanping Yang, Fengjiao Ma, Wei Han, Wei Zhang, Congping Ying, Yanmin Deng, Kai Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Coilia nasus; ovarian development; organizational observation; sex steroid hormones; gene expression

Online: 26 December 2023 (06:59:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1827.v1

Sex as a critical variable in basic and pre-clinical studies of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva

Lorraine N Burdick, Amanda H Delvichio, L. Russell Hanson, Brenden B Griffith, Keith R Bouchard, Jeffrey W Hunter, David J Goldhamer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: sex dimorphism; fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva; FOP; ACVR1; ALK2; antibody therapeutics; heterotopic ossification; activin A; fibro-adipogenic progenitors; FAPs; BMP signaling

Online: 25 December 2023 (11:25:24 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1669.v1

Diagnostic Accuracy of Blood Flow Dependent Imaging in Diagnosing Thyroid Neoplasms: A Network Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Dev Desai, Maria Eleni Malafi, Abhijay Shah, Anushka Verma, Aarya Naik, Hetvi Shah

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: Thyroid Nodule; Radionuclide Scanning; Superior Microvascular Imaging; Color Doppler Diagnosis; Sensitivity; Specificity; Diagnostic imaging ;

Online: 21 December 2023 (13:58:52 CET)

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Background: Thyroid nodules are common, affecting nearly 65% of the general population. While they are widespread, it's crucial to recognize that the majority of these nodules are not cancerous and can be effectively managed through careful monitoring. Thyroid ultrasound is commonly used to evaluate thyroid nodules owing to its low cost, wide availability and technical ease of application. In sonography, it's crucial to assess characteristics and vascular flow. Yet, conventional color and power Doppler ultrasound may not always effectively capture small vessels and low velocities due to their limitations. Superior Microvascular Imaging can display the blood flow of small vessels and low-velocity blood flow, which is difficult to visualize with conventional Doppler ultrasound. Meanwhile other thyroid scans, that utilize either [99mTc] pertechnetate or (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose, can categorize nodules as hyperactive ('hot'), exhibiting normal activity ('warm'), or having reduced/no activity ('cold'). Thus, the main goal of screening and tracking thyroid nodules is to improve the management of potentially worrisome thyroid malignancies. Methodology: The study was conducted within the structural framework of a network meta-analysis, with the index tests being - SMI, Radionuclide Scanning and Color Doppler, and the general link between them being the reference gold standard. The data collection involved searching for all pertinent literature using PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library databases. The essential data was extracted following the application of specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.This meta-analysis included 7 RCTs with 1,152 patients for Radionuclide Scanning, 10 RCTs with 1,847 patients for SMI and 8 RCTs with 4,480 patients for Color Doppler. They were analyzed using the QualSyst tool and the risk of bias was evaluated by using QUADAS-2 analysis.The statistical software packages MetaDiSc 1.4, RevMan (Review Manager, version 5.3), SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 20) and Excel in Stata 14 were used to perform the statistical analyses. Result: According to the findings, the sensitivity for Radionuclide Scanning is calculated as 0.79 (range: 0.76 to 0.81) and specificity as 0.55 (range: 0.50 to 0.60) with a 95% confidence interval. The overall diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) for Radionuclide Scanning Is 10.54.Additionally, with a 95% confidence interval, SMI exhibits a sensitivity of 0.82 (with a range of 0.79 to 0.84) and a specificity of 0.86 (with a range of 0.84 to 0.88), while the overall DOR is approximately 25.73. Color Doppler demonstrates a calculated sensitivity of 0.71 (ranging from 0.69 to 0.74) and specificity of 0.81 (ranging from 0.79 to 0.83) with a 95% confidence interval, while its DOR is 13.48.Conclusion: As evidenced by this meta-analysis, blood flow dependent imaging techniques are superior in their abilities to be used as diagnostic tests, especially in conjunction with their use in detecting thyroid nodules. This study offers a starting point for delving deeper into the utilization of Radionuclide Imaging, Superior Microvascular Imaging and Color Doppler in diagnosing thyroid nodules in a clinical setting. Key Words: - Thyroid Nodule, Radionuclide Scanning, Superior Microvascular Imaging, Color Doppler Diagnosis, Sensitivity, Specificity, Diagnostic imaging

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1142.v1

Editing Metabolism, Sex, and Microbiome: How can we Help Poplar Resist Pathogens?

Maxim A. Kovalev, Natalya S. Gladysh, Alina S. Bogdanova, Nadezhda L. Bolsheva, Mikhail I. Popchenko, Anna V. Kudryavtseva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Populus; plant pathogens; plant immunity; plant microbiome; plant sex

Online: 15 December 2023 (08:50:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0299.v1

Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Commonalities and Specificities in Wheat in Response to Aluminum and Manganese

Daozhen Luo, Chunnuan Xian, Wenjie Zhang, Ying Qin, Qing Li, Muhammad Usman, Shiheng Sun, Yongxiu Xing, Dengfeng Dong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: wheat; Al toxicity; Mn toxicity; transcriptomics; nicotianamine; cell wall; commonality and specificity

Online: 6 December 2023 (03:42:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0172.v1

The Effect of Cross-Sex Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Metabolism and Hormonal Status in Adult Rats

Andrej Fejes, Paulina Balvoncikova, Dafne Porcel Sanchis, Veronika Borbelyova, Peter Celec, Maria Dzunkova, Roman Gardlík

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: sex differences; testosterone; gut microbiota; microbiome; fecal microbiota transplantation; metabolic disease; cross-sex

Online: 4 December 2023 (10:13:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1752.v2

Early Age- and Sex-Dependent Regulation of Astrocyte-Mediated Glutamatergic Synapse Elimination in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex: Setting an Organotypic Brain Slice Culture Investigating Tool

Eugenia Vivi, Lea R Seeholzer, Anastasia Nagumanova, Barbara Di Benedetto

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: organotypic brain slice culture; astrocyte; synaptic phagocytosis; critical period; sex differences

Online: 29 November 2023 (09:43:31 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1531.v1

Sex Differences in Colon Cancer: Genomic and Non‐Genomic Signaling of Estrogen

Brian Joseph Harvey, Harry Myles Harvey

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: colon cancer; estrogen; estrogen receptors, sex differences

Online: 23 November 2023 (13:35:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1406.v1

Lipidomic Analysis on Gender-Dependent Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis in Hras12V Transgenic Mice

Juefu Hu, Huiling Li, Nan Mao, Huaiyuan Di, Yanan Zhao, Jun Chen, Aiguo Wang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: lipidomics; hepatocellular carcinoma; ras oncogene; sex disparity

Online: 22 November 2023 (08:48:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1371.v1

The Effect of Sex Differences in Percentage of Body Fat on Speed and Endurance Running Performance

Asma Kacem, Ghassen Ben Mansour, Laurent Grélot, Foued Ftaiti

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: sex; fat mass; speed; maximum aerobic velocity

Online: 22 November 2023 (03:47:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1319.v1

Examining HIV Knowledge and Sexual Risky Behaviors Among Female Sex Workers in Kampala, Uganda

Jude Ssenyonjo, Colleen Mistler, Tanya Adler, Roman Shrestha, Peter Kyambadde, Michael Copenhaver

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: HIV; AIDS; drug use; sexually transmitted diseases; alcohol; female sex workers; FSWs ; ;

Online: 21 November 2023 (13:17:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1135.v1

The Extended Cleavage Specificity of Channel Catfish Granzyme-Like II, a Highly Specific Elastase, Expressed by Natural Killer-Like Cells

Michael Thorpe, Srinivas Akula, Zhirong Fu, Lars Hellman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: fish; serine protease; cleavage specificity; tryptase; NK cells; evolution

Online: 17 November 2023 (04:34:55 CET)

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The extended cleavage specificity of catfish granzyme-like II has been characterized using substrate phage display. The preference for particular amino acids at and surrounding the cleavage site was further validated by using a panel of recombinant substrates. This serine protease, which has previously been isolated as cDNA from a catfish natural killer-like cell line showed a preference for alanine in the P1 position of the substrate, and for multiple basic amino acids N-terminally of the cleavage site. Using a set of recombinant substrates revealed the enzyme was most active on substrates with an alanine preceded by 3 or 4 basic amino acids in a row, but also showed activity against substrates with two basic amino acids, as well as with two basic amino acids separated by one amino acid just N-terminally of the Ala. The characteristics of this separating amino acid seemed less important, as many different amino acids were accepted in this position, except for proline. The amino acids following the basic amino acids and the P1 Ala residue also appeared to be of major importance for efficient cleavage. The most preferred P1 residue was Ala, and replacing Ala with Gly or Leu resulted in a clear reduction in the cleavage rate. A closely-related zebrafish serine protease (Zebrafish esterase-like) showed a very similar cleavage specificity, indicating an evolutionary conservation of this protease specificity among various fish species. Two catfish serine proteases, originating from NK-like cells, have now been isolated and characterized. One of them is highly specific met-ase with similar characteristics as the mammalian granzyme M. This enzyme may be involved in the induction of apoptosis in virus infected cells, with a potential target in (catfish) caspase 6. In contrast to catfish granzyme -like I, the second enzyme analysed here, doesn’t seem to have a direct counterpart in mammalian NK-cells, and its role in the immune function of catfish NK cells is therefore still not known. However, this enzyme seems to be able to cleave a number of cytoskeletal proteins indicating a separate strategy to induce apoptosis in target cells. Both of these enzymes are very interesting targets for further studies of their roles in catfish immunity, as enzymes with similar specificities have been identified also in zebrafish.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1009.v1

Tailoring Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment through a Gender Lens

Loreto Carmona, Elena Aurrecoechea, Maria Jesus Garcia-Yebenes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis; gender; sex; susceptibility; treatment effect

Online: 16 November 2023 (03:06:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0880.v1

Challenges in Transition of Care for People With Variations of Sex Characteristics in the European Context

Martin Gramc

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: transition of care; resources; hurdles; psychosocial support; variations of sex characteristics

Online: 14 November 2023 (09:42:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0275.v1

Unveiling Racial and Ethnic Disparities in MPOX Virus Vaccine Distribution and Demographic Patterns in the United States

Alex Siu Wing Chan

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Other Keywords: MPOX; health care intervention; Men who have sex with men; public health strategies; vaccine

Online: 6 November 2023 (13:38:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0059.v1

Disentangling the Tissue-Specific Variations of Volatile Flavor Profiles of Lentinula edodes Fruiting Body

Yuan Guo, Jing Zhao, Huixian Wei, Qi Gao, Shuang Song, Yangyang Fan, Dong Yan, Yu Liu, Shouxian Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Lentinula edodes; volatile flavor; metabolomics; GC-MS; tissue-specificity; multivariate analysis

Online: 1 November 2023 (13:14:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1916.v1

Access the Diagnostic Accuracy of GeneXpert to Detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin-Resistance Tuberculosis among Presumptive Tuberculosis and Presumptive Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients

Venkateswari Ramachandra, Usharani Brammacharry, Aaina Muralidhar, Anbazhagi Muthukumar, Revathi Mani, Muthuraj Muthaiah, Govindarajan Soundappan, Asha Frederick

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rifampicin; drug resistant; sensitivity; specificity

Online: 30 October 2023 (12:19:14 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1831.v1

Expectation of Life at Birth by Sex and Area of Residence in India and Bigger States/UT’s (2013-2017): A Review

KHRITISH SWARGIARY

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: Birth, expectation, sex, states, India

Online: 30 October 2023 (06:12:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0683.v2

Perception Of Pre-Marital Sex, Courtship among Osun State University Undergraduates, Osogbo, Osun State

Abdulazeez A. Olayiwola, Adeyemi O. Omoge, Abayomi Olarinmoye, Grace Benzard, Halima U. Yahaya, Odunayo G. Aborisade, Jennifer Osolase

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Pre-Marital Sex; courtship; influences; university; undergraduates

Online: 17 October 2023 (03:38:54 CEST)

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BACKGROUND: Pre-marital sex is a sexual interest practiced by people who are yet to get married and has ended up being accepted specifically in western countries. Sex before marriage is sexual behavior engaged in by single people. In the past, having sex before getting married is seen as a moral dilemma that many cultures forbade and that many people regarded to be sin in many religions, although it has gained wider acceptance across the board. OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to determine the perception, practices, and factors associated with pre-marital sex, courtship, and its influences among Osun State University Undergraduates, Osogbo, Osun State. METHODOLOGY: The study was a descriptive study, and respondents were selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Students of Osun State University, Osogbo main campus form the population of the study and its sample size was calculated using Leslie Kish’s formula. A total of 387 responses were validated from the survey. The instrument for data collection was a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire consisting of four sections. The data obtained were collated, examined for completion, coded, imputed, and analyzed using SPSS v21. RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was between 19.19±2.17, and the majority were between 18 – 24 years. About 52% of the respondents show a positive perception of premarital sex and courtship. Also, in the practice of courtship majority (88.3%) of the respondents think those that go around together are courting and from the responses obtained and analyzed from the factors leading to pre-marital sex, the findings revealed that peer pressure (90.4%), Internet (86.7%), pornography (83.9%) and drugs (82.9%) are the leading factors which contribute to pre-marital sex among undergraduates. CONCLUSION: The study hereby recommends that Parents should as a matter of responsibility monitor and pays regular visits to their children in the universities and provide them with materials that will make them stay comfortable for them not to fall victim to peer pressure.Pre-marital sex is a practice that should be avoided by undergraduate students, though most students consider courtship as a normal practice, it is still used as a normal factor that leads them to practice pre-marital sex.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0640.v1

Sex Differences in Bone, Muscle, and Inflammatory Markers and Their Associations with Muscle Performance Variables

Pragya Sharma Ghimire, Adam Eckart, Ibtihal K. Al-Makhzoomy, James Stavitz

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: Wnt signaling; inflammation; muscle performance; sex difference

Online: 10 October 2023 (11:54:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.2021.v1

Developmental Changes and Sex Differences in Infants' Neural Sensitivity to Emotional Prosodies in Spoken Words

Chieh Kao, Yang Zhang

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: emotional prosody; mismatch response; sex differences; infancy

Online: 3 October 2023 (03:44:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1870.v1

Exploring the Effects of Rearing Densities on Epigenetic Modifications in the Zebrafish Gonads

Alejandro Valdivieso, Marta Caballero-Huertas, Javier Moraleda-Prados, Francesc Piferrer, Laia Ribas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: stress; gonad; sex; methylation; masculinization; rearing

Online: 27 September 2023 (10:46:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1886.v1

Pathogens Have Different Age/Sex Profiles for Hospital Admission and Why COVID-19 Variants Behave as If They Were ‘Different’ Pathogens

Rodney P. Jones, Andrey Ponomarenko

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 disease; sex; age; pathogens; hospital admissions; gender ratio; small noncoding RNAs

Online: 27 September 2023 (10:42:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0646.v1

Pacing Strategy of 800-Meter and 1500-Meter Freestyle Swimming Finals in the World Championships According to the Performance in Males and Females of Different Age Groups

Sabrina Demarie, Jean Renaud Pycke, Alessia Pizzuti, Veronique Billat

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: energy cost; endurance; training; technique; tactic; fatigue; performance; time series; mathematical modelling; sex difference

Online: 11 September 2023 (14:45:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0701.v1

Advancements in Brain Diseases: Exploring the Complexities and Pursuing Therapeutic Breakthroughs

Abdullah Al- Mutery, Irfan Hussain, Kainaat Mumtaz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Brain disorders; Transformative treatments; Disease specificity; Stem cell models; CRISPR; Immunotherapies.

Online: 11 September 2023 (13:40:41 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0563.v1

Sex, Age, and Risk Groups Variations among Individuals Infected with HIV, HTLV-1, and HTLV-2: Review of Data Records (1983–2017) from a Public Health Laboratory in São Paulo, Brazil

Adele Caterino-de-Araujo

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: HIV; HTLV-1; HTLV-2; sex; risk factors; prevalence; co-infection; public policies

Online: 8 September 2023 (09:39:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0431.v1

AlphaFold2 Empowers Product Specificity Analysis in Plant-derived Diterpene Synthases

Yalan Zhao, Yupeng Liang, Yi Li, Xiulin Han, Mengliang Wen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: plant diterpene synthases; functional annotation dataset; product specificity analysis

Online: 7 September 2023 (05:12:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0307.v1

Testing and Evaluation of Cervical Joint in Young Males and Females: Strength, Range of Motion and Musculoskeletal Pains

Christos Batatolis, Konstantina Karatrantou, Vaggelis Gymnopoulos, Dr. Vassilis Gerodimos

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: neck; isometric assessment; hand‐held dynamometer; functional capacity; cervical flexion/extension ratio; injury prevention; strength asymmetries; rehabilitation; sex effect

Online: 6 September 2023 (04:27:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1497.v1

The Impact of Repeating COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Tests on on Prevalence Boundary Performance and Missed Diagnoses

Gerald J Kost

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19); Emergency Use Authorization (EUA); false negative (FN); false omission rate (RFO); point-of-care testing (POCT); prevalence boundary (PB); rapid antigen test (RAgT); repeated testing; sensitivity and specificity; tier

Online: 22 August 2023 (07:25:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1399.v1

Broadening the Substrate Specificity of Cellobiose Phosphorylase from Clostridium thermocellum for Improved Transformation of Cellodextrin to Starch

Yuanyuan Zhang, Yapeng Li, Hui Lin, Guotao Mao, Xiang Long, Xinyu Liu, Hongge Chen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: cellobiose phosphorylase; cellodextrin phosphorylase; substrate specificity; cellodextrin; amylose

Online: 21 August 2023 (02:44:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1132.v1

Immunological Misfiring and Sex Differences/Similarities in Early COVID-19 Studies: Missed Opportunities of Making a Real IMPACT

Aditi Bhargava, Johannes D Knapp

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: coagulopathy; COVID-19; CXCL; dendritic cells; ICU; IL6; IL7; IFN; sex differences and similarities

Online: 16 August 2023 (07:57:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0703.v1

Exploring Host-Specificity: Untangling the relationship between Leishmania (Viannia) species and its endosymbiont Leishmania RNA Virus 1

Mayara Cristhine de Oliveira Santana, Khaled Chourabi, Lilian Motta Cantanhêde, And Elisa Cupolillo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Leishmania (Viannia); Leishmania RNA Virus 1; phylogeny; host-specificity; coevolution.

Online: 9 August 2023 (09:51:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0711.v1

Young Women’s Attitudes and Concerns on Pornography and Their Sexual Experiences: A Qualitative Approach

Mónica Fernández-Ruiz, Olga María López-Entrambasaguas, Jose Manuel Martínez-Linares, José Granero-Molina

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: pornography; qualitative research; sexual behavior; sex education; sexual health; young women

Online: 9 August 2023 (09:05:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0468.v1

Pharmacokinetics of Four Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Adult and Paediatric Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Patients

Sarah Allegra, Emma Dondi, Francesco Chiara, Silvia De Francia

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: dasatinib; imatinib; nilotibin; ponatinib; children; therapeutic drug monitoring; sex and gender pharmacology; personalized medicine.

Online: 7 August 2023 (11:53:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1904.v2

The Indirect Effects of Vitamin D3 on the Aging Process According to Gender

Daniela Florina Trifan, Adrian Gheorghe Tirla, Calin Mos, Adrian Danciu, Florian Bodog, Felicia Manole, Timea Claudia Ghitea

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Surgery Keywords: Face-lifting; vitamin D; collagen; sex difference

Online: 31 July 2023 (11:38:50 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0633.v1

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): A Mini Review of Lipid Profile, Blood Glucose, and Ovarian Histological Improvements

Syawany Wahid, Muhammad Danial Che Ramli, Ezza Fazleen Mohd Fathil, Muhammad Naim Rosli, Mohd Helmy Mokhtar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Reproductive Medicine Keywords: natural products; polycystic ovarian syndrome; lipid profile; sex hormone; blood glucose

Online: 11 July 2023 (05:19:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0310.v1

Palatal Rugae as a Discriminating Factor in Determining Sex: A Method Applicable in Forensic Odontology?

Andrea Trizzino, Pietro Messina, Fabio M Sciarra, Stefania Zerbo, Antonina Argo, Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: palatal rugae; sex; forensic dentistry

Online: 5 July 2023 (12:38:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1817.v1

Sex/gender Differences in the Language Profiles of Italian Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Jessica Barsotti, Gloria Mangani, Roberta Nencioli, Antonio Narzisi, Lucia Pfanner, Anna Maria Chilosi, Paola Cipriani, Alice Mancini, Angela Cosenza, Raffaella Tancredi, Sara Calderoni

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Language and communication; sex/gender; Autism Spectrum Disorder; children

Online: 26 June 2023 (13:54:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1242.v1

Exploring the Evolutionary Relics of Sex-chromosomes of Divergent Animal Species through Comparative Analysis of the Predicted SSR Sequences and CpG Islands

Barinder Singh Grewal, Shilpa Tewari, Håkon Hægland, Chandra Shekhar Mukhopadhyay

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Microsatellite; CpG island; sex chromosomes; DNA markers

Online: 16 June 2023 (12:41:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1447.v2

Cell-type-specific neuroproteomics of synapses

Yun Young Yim, Eric J. Nestler

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Neuroproteomics, synapse, neurological and psychiatric disorders, cell-type specificity

Online: 13 June 2023 (10:44:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0867.v1

Sex Differences In Glomerular Lesions, Atherosclerosis Progression, And In The Response To Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors In The Apoe^-/- Mice Model

Adrián Mallén, Ronny Rodriguez-Urquia, Rafael Alvarez, Eduard Dorca-Duch, Estanis Navarro, Miguel Hueso

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: Sex differences; Chronic Kidney Disease; Atherosclerosis; Foam Cells; Parietal Epithelial Cells (PECs); Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEi)

Online: 13 June 2023 (03:22:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0843.v1

Sex Differences in Frequencies of B and T Cell Subpopulations of Human Cord Blood

Michelle Bous, Charline Sarah Schmitt, Muriel Charlotte Hans, Regine Weber, Nasenien Nourkami-Tutdibi, Sebastian Tenbruck, Bashar Haj Hamoud, Gudrun Wagenpfeil, Elisabeth Kaiser, Erich-Franz Solomayer, Michael Zemlin, Sybelle Goedicke-Fritz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: B cells; T cells; B1 cells; human; white blood cells; cord blood; development; ontogeny; sex differences; gender medicine

Online: 12 June 2023 (13:33:46 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0833.v1

The Price of Human Evolution: Cancer-Testis-Antigens, the Decline in Male Fertility and the Increase in Cancer

Jekaterina Erenpreisa, Ninel M Vainshelbaum, Marija Lazovska, Roberts Karklins, Kristine Salmina, Pawel Zayakin, Felikss Rumnieks, Inna Inashkina, Dace Pjanova, Juris Erenpreiss

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Cancer-testis-antigens; parthenogenetic; polyploid giant cancer cells; PGCCs; genome fragility; phylostratigraphic analysis; innate immunity-placentation; endogenous retroviruses; sex determination; male infertility; endocrine disruption; environmental pollution

Online: 12 June 2023 (12:59:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0342.v1

A Comparative Study of Tumor-Specificity and Neurotoxicity Between 3-Styrylchromones and Anticancer Drugs

Tomoyuki Abe, Hiroshi Sakagami, Shigeru Amano, Shin Uota, Kenjiro Bandow, Yoshihiro Uesawa, Shiori U, Hiroki Shibata, Yuri Takemura, Yu Kimura, Koichi Takao, Yoshiaki Sugita, Akira Sato, Sei-ichi Tanuma, Hiroshi Takeshima

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: chromone derivatives; oral squamous cell carcinoma; tumor-specificity; keratinocyte toxicity; neurotoxicity; signaling pathway

Online: 5 June 2023 (15:45:48 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1568.v1

Gender: a Postmodern idea Developed in Association with the Modern Concept of Sex; Implications for Evolving Sexuality

Carol Nash

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: gender; modern thought; sex; capitalism; standardization; eugenics; postmodern thought; sexuality

Online: 23 May 2023 (04:42:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1440.v1

Development of an Accurate Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Assay for Genetic Sex Identification in Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) based on Male-specific anti-Mullerian Hormone (amh) Gene

Kasidis Chaiyasut, Paul Merviel, Peter Palma, Johanna Perschthaler, Eduardo Jimenez Fernandez, Andrew Davie, Alejandro P. Gutierrez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Anti-Müllerian hormone; Cyclopterus lumpus; Male-specific marker; Genetic sex identification

Online: 19 May 2023 (11:36:20 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1119.v1

Adult-Type Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Testis: A Report of a Case and a Discussion of the Literature

Georgios Zervopoulos, Nikolaos Mitsimponas, Filippos Venetsanos, Athanasios Papathanasis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: Testis; granulosa-cell tumor; adult–type; sex cord-stromal tumor of testis; testicular cancer

Online: 16 May 2023 (07:27:50 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0677.v1

Gender Differences in Oxidative Stress in Relation to Cancer Susceptibility and Survival

Alessandro Allegra, Santino Caserta, Sara Genovese, Giovanni Pioggia, Sebastiano Gangemi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: gender differences; cancer; oxidative stress; oestrogens; testosterone; antioxidant; reactive oxygen species; sex hormones; mitochondria.

Online: 10 May 2023 (03:44:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0353.v1

Impact of COVID-19 on Quality of Life in Long-term Advanced Rectal Cancer Survivors

Daniel Anton Blasko, Claudia Schweizer, Tim Fitz, Christoph Schröter, Christopher Sörgel, Annett Kallies, Rainer Fietkau, Luitpold Valentin Distel

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: quality of life; COVID-19; pandemic; rectal cancer; radiochemotherapy; age; sex; stage

Online: 5 May 2023 (10:39:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1276.v1

Understanding Transcription Factors and How They Affect Metabolic Processes in Cucumber Sex Determination

Szymon Turek, Aparna Aparna, Agnieszka Skarzyńska, Wojciech Pląder, Magdalena Pawełkowicz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: transcription factors; interactome network; sex development; sex determination; Cucumber (Cucumis sativus); metabolomic processes

Online: 1 May 2023 (00:01:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1102.v1

Sex Specificities of Human Placental Adaptive Changes: The Influence of Maternal Obesity

Esther Dos Santos, Marta Hita Hernandez, Valérie Sérazin, François Vialard, Marie-Noëlle Dieudonné

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Maternal obesity; placenta; environmental adaptation; sex specificities; reproduction

Online: 28 April 2023 (04:06:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0049.v1

Dietary and Sexual Correlates of Gut Microbiota in the Japa-Nese Gecko, Gekko japonicus (Schlegel, 1836)

Xin-Ru Jiang, Ying-Yu Dai, Yu-Rong Wang, Kun Guo, Yu Du, Jian-Fang Gao, Long-Hui Lin, Peng Li, Hong Li, Xiang Ji, Yan-Fu Qu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: ASVs; diet habit; Gekko japonicus; gut microbiota; sex

Online: 3 March 2023 (01:31:32 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0516.v1

The Confound of Hemodynamic Response Function Variability in Resting-State Functional MRI Studies

D Rangaprakash, Robert Barry, Gopikrishna Deshpande

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: BOLD fMRI; HRF; resting state connectivity; aging; sex differences; confound

Online: 28 February 2023 (09:32:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0403.v1

Are Men Better at Recognizing Emojis than Facial Expressions?

Linda Dalle Nogare, Alice Cerri, Alice Mado Proverbio

Subject: Social Sciences, Cognitive Science Keywords: visual perception; emotion; emoji; emoticon; sex differences; anger; fear; emotional communication; texting

Online: 23 January 2023 (08:43:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0420.v1

Normative scores for CrossFit® Open Workouts: 2011 - 2022

Gerald T. Mangine, Nina Grundlingh, Yuri Feito

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: fitness assessment; sport-specific; athlete classification; high-intensity functional training; sex differences

Online: 22 December 2022 (06:34:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0211.v1

Klotho Regulated by Estrogen Plays a Key Role in Sex Differences in Stress Resilience

Zhinei Tan, Yongxia Li, Yinzheng Guan, Javed Iqbal, Chenyue Wang, Xinming Ma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: klotho; estrogen; hippocampus; chronic stress; sex difference; stress resilience

Online: 13 December 2022 (01:09:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0185.v1

De Novo Assembly and Annotation of 11 Diverse Shrub Willow (Salix) Genomes Reveals Novel Gene Organization in Sex-Linked Regions

Brennan Hyden, Kai Feng, Timothy B Yates, Sara Jawdy, Chelsea Cereghino, Lawrence B Smart, Wellington Muchero

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Salix; shrub willow; genome assembly; sex determination

Online: 12 December 2022 (01:46:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0152.v1

Eugenio Martelli, Matilde Zamboni, Giovanni Sotgiu, Laura Saderi, Massimo Federici, Giuseppe Massimo Sangiorgi, Mariangela Valentina Puci, Allegra Rosa Martelli, Teresa Messina, Paolo Frigatti, Maria Pia Borrelli, Carlo Ruotolo, Ilaria Ficarelli, Paolo Rubino, Francesco Pezzo, Luciano Carbonari, Andrea Angelini, Edoardo Galeazzi, Luca Calia Di Pinto, Franco Michelino Fiore, Armado Palmieri, Giorgio Ventoruzzo, Giulia Mazzitelli, Franco Ragni, Antonio Bozzani, Enzo Forliti, Claudio Castagno, Pietro Volpe, Mafalda Massara, Diego Moniaci, Elisa Pagliasso, Tania Peretti, Mauro Ferrari, Nicola Troisi, Pietro Modugno, Maurizio Maiorano, Umberto Marcello Bracale, Marco Panagrosso, Mario Monaco, Giovanni Giordano, Giuseppe Natalicchio, Antonella Biello, Giovanni Maria Celoria, Alessio Amico, Mauro Di Bartolo, Massimiliano Martelli, Roberta Munaó, Davide Razzano, Giovanni Colacchio, Francesco Bussetti, Gaetano Lanza, Antonio Cardini, Bartolomeo Di Benedetto, Mario De Laurentis, Maurizio Taurino, Pasqualino Sirignano, Pierluigi Cappiello, Andrea Esposito, Santi Trimarchi, Silvia Romagnoli, Andrea Padricelli, Giorgio Giudice, Adolfo Crinisio, Giovanni Di Nardo, Giuseppe Battaglia, Rosario Tringale, Salvatore De Vivo, Rita Compagna, Valerio Stefano Tolva, Ilenia D'Alessio, Ruggiero Curci, Simona Giovannetti, Giuseppe D'Arrigo, Giusi Basile, Dalmazio Frigerio, Gian Franco Veraldi, Luca Mezzetto, Arnaldo Ippoliti, Fabio Massimo Oddi, Alberto Maria Settembrini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: chronic limb-threatening ischemia; outcome; sex; age; limb salvage

Online: 8 December 2022 (09:39:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0355.v1

Risk Assessment of Transgender People: Development of Rodent Models Mimicking Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapies and Identification of Sex-Dimorphic Liver Genes as Novel Biomarkers of Sex Transition

Roberta Tassinari, Alessia Tammaro, Gabriele Lori, Sabrina Tait, Andrea Martinelli, Luigia Cangemi, Paolo Frassanito, Francesca Maranghi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: testosterone; estrogen; cyprotenone acetate; masculinizing; feminizing; cytochrome P450; sex-specific genes

Online: 18 November 2022 (10:10:00 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0215.v1

Alterations in Kidney Structures Caused by Age Vary According to Sex and Dehydration Condition

Susana Quirós Cognuck, Lucas Ferreira de Almeida, Wagner L. Reis, Márcia S. Silva, Gislaine Almeida Pereira, Sandra V. Zorro, André S. Mecawi, Terezila Machado Coimbra, Lucila L.K. Elias, José Antunes Antunes Rodrigues

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: aging; body composition; kidney; sex differences

Online: 11 November 2022 (03:53:06 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0075.v1

Use of Antiandrogens as Therapeutic Agents in COVID-19 Patients

Efstathios S. Giotis, Emine Cil, Greg N. Brooke

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: coronavirus; TMPRSS2; ACE2; SARS-CoV-2; androgens; sex hormones; antiandrogens

Online: 3 November 2022 (09:21:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0363.v1

High Specificity Test Algorithm for Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnosis in African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Herds

Charlene Clarke, Netanya Bernitz, Wynand Johan Goosen, Michele Ann Miller

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: African buffaloes; bovine tuberculosis; IGRA; IP-10 release assay; M. bovis; nontuberculous mycobacteria; serial testing; specificity; Syncerus caffer

Online: 24 October 2022 (12:09:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0377.v1

Calibrating A Comprehensive Immune Age Metric to Analyze the Cross Sectional Age-Related Decline in Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Peter Bröde, Maren Claus, Patrick D. Gajewski, Stephan Getzmann, Klaus Golka, Jan G. Hengstler, Edmund Wascher, Carsten Watzl

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: aging; immunosenescence; physical fitness; physical activity; obesity; sex

Online: 26 September 2022 (05:00:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0361.v1

Impact of Sex in Left Atrial Indices for Prognosis of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Shiro Hoshida, Koichi Tachibana, Nobutaka Masunaga, Yukinori Shinoda, Tomoko Minamisaka, Hirooki Inui, Keisuke Ueno, Masahiro Seo, Masamichi Yano, Takaharu Hayashi, Akito Nakagawa, Yusuke Nakagawa, Shunsuke Tamaki, Takahisa Yamada, Yoshio Yasumura, Yohei Sotomi, Shungo Hikoso, Daisaku Nakatani, Yasushi Sakata

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Ed/Ea; Fine-Gray model; HFpEF; LAVI; sex

Online: 23 September 2022 (08:09:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0178.v1

A Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals New Genes in a Molecular Network Associated With Alcohol Dependence and Related Clinical Measures

Anastasia Levchenko, Sergey Malov, Alexey Antonik, Anastasia Protsvetkina, Kseniya V. Rybakova, Alexander Kanapin, Alexey N. Yakovlev, Anna Y. Nenasteva, Anton E. Nikolishin, Nikolay Cherkasov, Natalia A. Chuprova, Anna S. Blagonravova, Angelica V. Sergeeva, Tatyana V. Zhilyaeva, Maria K. Denisenko, Raul R. Gainetdinov, Alexander O. Kibitov, And Evgeny M. Krupitsky

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: alcohol dependence; comorbidity; gene network; genome-wide association study; sex differences

Online: 9 August 2022 (10:35:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0125.v1

A Fish of Multiple Faces, which Show us Enigmatic and Incredible Phenomena in Nature: Biology and Cytogenetics of the Genus Carassius

Martin Knytl, Adrian Forsythe, Lukáš Kalous

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: hybridization; sexuality; asexuality; biotype; species; sex determination; ploidy level; Carassius auratus complex

Online: 7 July 2022 (09:56:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0007.v1

Characterization of Host-Specific Genes from Pine- and Grass-Associated Species of the Fusarium Fujikuroi Species Complex

Claudette Dewing, Magrieta A. van der Nest, Quentin C. Santana, Robert H. Proctor, Brenda D. Wingfield, Emma T. Steenkamp, And Lieschen De Vos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: Fusarium fujikuroi species complex; Fusarium circinatum; Fusarium temperatum; pitch canker; comparative genomics; host-specificity; horizontal gene transfer; subtelomeres

Online: 1 July 2022 (08:04:13 CEST)

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