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Submitted:
02 March 2024
Posted:
04 March 2024
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n | % | |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Female only | 5 | 20.8% |
Female and sexual minorities | 1 | 4.2% |
Men and women | 16 | 66.7% |
Did not specify gender identity | 2 | 8.3% |
Sexual Orientation | ||
Heterosexual onlya | 13 | 54.2% |
LGB | 3 | 12.5% |
Relational Type | ||
Single | 13 | 54.2% |
Married | 2 | 8.3% |
Dating | 7 | 29.2% |
Parent-Child | 1 | 4.2% |
Did not specify | 1 | 4.2% |
Race/Ethnicity | ||
Black/African American Onlyb | 4 | 16.8% |
White | 17 | 70.8% |
Hispanic/Latin(x)(a)(o) | 15 | 62.5% |
Asian/Asian American | 12 | 50% |
Black/African American | 14 | 58.3% |
Native American | 4 | 16.8% |
Otherc | 12 | 50% |
Country | ||
U.S. | 22 | 91.7% |
Non-U.S. study | 2 | 8.3% |
Study Authors | Theory | Context/Topic | Study Design | Sample Size | Communicative Outcome | Themes | Main Findings |
Afifi & Weiner (2006) | TMIM | Information-seeking about sexual health problem | Quantitative (wave 1 and wave 2 individual survey) 129 males; 136 females |
Experimental (n = 92), control group (n = 97), or no-pretest group (n = 77) | Information-seeking about sexual health | Measured components of efficacy Sexual assertiveness Sexual decision-making |
Disclosure Ability and willingness to disclose sexual health information. Cognition Evaluation of cost/benefits analysis of seeking sexual health information. Other Develop theory that examines ability and willingness to produce messages; examine perceptual bias. |
Albritton et al. (2014) | Ecological Model | Sexual risk communication among young pregnant couples | Quantitative (cross-sectional dyadic survey) |
296 expecting couples |
Sexual risk communication | Individual, interpersonal, and social level factors |
Disclosure Women disclose more sexual information than men. Other Interventions to improve sexual communication skills. |
Brisini et al. (2022) | RTT | Relational turbulence and supportive messages | Quantitative (cross-sectional individual survey) | 479 individuals | Support quality | Relational/social support Psychological reactance Person-centered messages |
Disclosure Ability and willingness to disclose issue to a relational source. Cognition Chaos influence evaluation about the meaning of supportive messages. Other Supportive others should engage in perspective taking. |
Burleson et al. (2011) | DPT of Supportive Communication | Processing supportive messages | Quantitative (cross-sectional individual survey) | 207 individuals (i.e., study 1); 103 individuals (i.e., study 2) | Comforting messages (i.e., study 1); grief management messages (i.e., study 2) | Processing ability; relational/social support |
Cognition Women’s ability and motivation to process supportive messages higher than men. |
Cornaccione & Smith (2017) | Multiple Goals Perspective | Women on probation and parole officers | Quantitative survey; open-ended questions | 402 women in quantitative; 394 women in qualitative | Difficult issues/needs | Relational/social support Primary and secondary goals |
Other Situational factors influence how women initiate conversations with parole officers. |
Curran et al. (2016) | Social skills deficit hypothesis | Sexual risk among African American women | Quantitative (cross-sectional individual survey) |
557African American women | Sexual risk communication | Sexual communication self-efficacy Destructive conflict tactics Social skills |
Disclosure Negative psychological factors decrease sexual communication self-efficacy. Cognition One’s own and communicative partners’ communication influence their conversational behaviors Other Sexual health interventions should address social skills with main partners. |
Francis et al. (2021) | IMBe and TGP | Sexual health intervention to generate conversations among Black women | Mixed methods | 105 women (survey) 10 women (interview) |
Intervention to examine condom dispenser uptake | Relational partners matter Examine condom use social norms |
Other Communication partners, content, mode, valence, and impact influenced positive interaction with condom dispenser. |
High & Solomon (2016) | Indirect Effects Model (dual-process theory) | Long-term effects of supportive messages | Quantitative (cross-sectional dyadic survey) | 255 dyads | Message evaluations and message outcomes, respectively | Cognitive awareness Sex differences in cognitive processes |
Cognition Thorough scrutiny of supportive messages is influenced by higher levels of communicative ability and motivation. |
Holmstrom et al. (2015) | DPT of Supportive Communication | Testing the complex interactions of source, message, contextual, and recipient constructs | Quantitative (cross-sectional individual survey) |
328 individuals | Perceived support availability and Severity of problem on support quality, respectively |
Relational status with recipient Environmental cues Memory |
Cognition The severity of the problem and perceived support availability influence motivation to process supportive messages. Other Comprehensive theory is needed to explain how and why supportive messages have the effects they do. |
Holmstrom et al. (2021) | CETESM | Emotion-focused versus problem-focused esteem messages | Quantitative (cross-sectional individual survey) |
173 individuals | Esteem-supportive messages | Message content Style of message Degree, quantity, and relevance |
Disclosure Discussing esteem threatening situation and receiving emotion-focused esteem support influence greater state self-esteem. Cognitive What supportive others say has an impact on support recipients’ appraisal about the potential damage to their self-esteem. |
Horan et al. (2018) | FCP and AET | Family communication patterns, sexual communication, and young adults’ safety/risks | Quantitative (cross-sectional individual survey) |
195 individuals | Sexual risk communication | Communication patterns Communication about sex in families |
Disclosure Conversation orientations predict better open and are less avoidant to communicate about sex topics with parents. |
Knobloch & Theiss (2011) | Relational Uncertainty | Relational uncertainty influence on relationship talks | Quantitative (cross-sectional dyadic survey) | 135 dyads | Longitudinal effects of relationship talk | Perceived threats to relationship Examining sensitive topics |
Other Relational uncertainty and relationship talk is a dynamic process that changes over time. |
Kuang and Gettings (2011) | TMIM | Uncertainty discrepancy and information management | Quantitative (cross-sectional individual survey) | 248 individuals | Information management in sexual communication | Examined how relational assessments moderate the associations of TMIM variables |
Disclosure Relational factors (i.e., marital quality, closeness, and communal coping) influence information management strategies. Cognitive Reappraisal of information |
Li et al. (2018) | Multiple Goals Perspective | Sexual negotiation goals and goal pursuit | Quantitative (cross-sectional individual survey) | 193 African American women | Language use in sexual settings | Self-oriented goals Other-oriented goals Relational goals |
Disclosure Language choice influence relevance of condom negotiation strategies. Other Sexual health interventions should consider the usage of personal pronouns in formative research efforts. |
Liu et al. (2021) | SST | Promoting behaviors from a cognitive and emotional perspective | Quantitative (cross-sectional experimental survey) | 80 individuals | Framed health messages | Mental representation Perceived effectiveness Message processing |
Cognitive Loss-framed messages took longer to process that gain-framed messages. Cognitive processes influence emotional responses to framed health messages. |
McManus (2020) | TMIM | Information management and sexual health expertise | Quantitative (cross-sectional individual survey) | 424 individuals | Support provision about sexual health uncertainty | Communication and coping efficacy Experience Expertise |
Disclosure Communication and target efficacy have different effects on evaluation of support provision. Providers with more expertise provided less blame support. |
McManus & Lucas (2018) | Multiple Goals Perspective | Multiple communicative goals in friend’s sex talk | Quantitative (cross-sectional individual survey) | 139 individuals | Received support (i.e., information, tangible, and nurture) | Stigmatizing sex-related concerns Interaction goals |
Other Goals serve multiple functions in evaluating the meaning of messages about a sex-related concern. Goal interference is influenced by goal importance. |
Mongeau et al. (2004) | Multiple Goals Perspective | First date goals | Quantitative (cross-sectional individual survey) | 144 individuals (study 1) 241 individuals (study 2) 218 individuals (Study 3) |
Communicative goals |
Sociobiological sex differences (Study 1-3) Scale development (study 2) Situational context (study 3) |
Other Across all three studies individuals aim to reduce uncertainty during first dates. Multiple goal structures influence subsequent communicative interactions. |
Mou et al. (2020) | IMB | Behavioral skills model to examine condom use | Quantitative (cross-sectional individual survey) | 1,247 female individuals | Safer sex negotiation skills | Culture, context, and agency Sexual assertiveness Gender roles |
Other Contraceptive information and motivation influence safer sex practices. Gender roles influence holding traditional sexual values. |
Nan (2012) | Congruence Hypothesis | HPV vaccine message frames | Quantitative (cross-sectional individual survey) | 229 individuals | HPV vaccination intentions | Behavioral intentions Motivational behaviors Gender Efficacy |
Cognitive Avoidance-oriented individuals preferred more loss-frame messages than gain-frame individuals. Other Women were more concerned about HPV vaccine safety than men. |
Nan et al. (2019) | Prospect Theory | HPV vaccination policy and African Americans parent support | Quantitative (cross-sectional individual survey) | 211 individuals | HPV vaccine mandates | Perceived risk Persuasion |
Cognitive Individuals’ cognitive response to gain- and loss-frame messages is influenced by their construal. Other Health communication interventions should consider how specific populations consider future consequences regarding health behaviors. |
Rubinsky & Cooke-Jackson (2018) | Communication Theory of Identity | Conceptualiza-tion of sex and sexuality | Qualitative study (open-ended questions) | 186 women and gender minorities | Define sex, sexuality, and sexual health | Gender Emotional health Sexual identity Framing of sexual scripts |
Disclosure Expressions of sexuality influence how people identify with sex talk (i.e., personal, enacted, and relational identity). Other Emotional experiences shape how individuals define sex. Women and gender minorities define sex as an activity and identity. |
Shebib et al. (2020) | CETESM | Gender and sex differences in the provision of esteem support | Quantitative (cross-sectional individual survey) | 396 individuals | Quality of esteem supportive messages | Gender differences Sex differences Emotion-focused Problem-focused |
Disclosure Females and individuals high in femininity produce highly emotional-focused messages. Biologically, females endorsed more problem-focused message to male support recipients. Cognitive Females and individuals high in femininity more frequently experience multiple cognitions and emotions associated with esteem threats. |
Simms & Byers (2013) | Theory of Planned Behavior | Sexual initiation behaviors of romantic partners | Quantitative (cross-sectional individual survey) | 151 individuals | Sexual initiation behaviors | Gender Social norms Attitudes Behavioral intentions |
Cognitive Positive perceptions regarding partner approval and intentions influence sexual initiation outcomes. Sexual frequency associate with positive relational outcomes. Other Men endorsed more permissive sexual behaviors than women. Aligning with traditional sexual scripts. |
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