Review
Version 1
Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Sex Differences in Colon Cancer: Genomic and Non‐Genomic Signaling of Estrogen
Version 1
: Received: 22 November 2023 / Approved: 22 November 2023 / Online: 23 November 2023 (13:35:24 CET)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Harvey, B.J.; Harvey, H.M. Sex Differences in Colon Cancer: Genomic and Nongenomic Signalling of Oestrogen. Genes 2023, 14, 2225. Harvey, B.J.; Harvey, H.M. Sex Differences in Colon Cancer: Genomic and Nongenomic Signalling of Oestrogen. Genes 2023, 14, 2225.
Abstract
Colon cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy that exhibits distinct differences in incidence, prognosis, and treatment responses between males and females. These disparities have long been attributed to hormonal differences, particularly the influence of estrogen signaling. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in colon cancer and the protective role of membrane and nuclear estrogen signaling in CRC development, progression, and therapeutic interventions. We discuss the epidemiological and molecular evidence supporting sex differences in colon cancer, followed by an exploration of the impact of estrogen in CRC through various genomic and non-genomic signaling pathways involving membrane and nuclear estrogen receptors. Furthermore, we examine the interplay between estrogen receptors and other signaling pathways, in particular the Wnt/-catenin proliferative pathway and hypoxia in shaping biological sex differences and estrogen protective actions in colon cancer. Lastly, we highlight the potential therapeutic implications of targeting estrogen signaling in the management of colon cancer and propose future research directions to address the current gaps in our understanding of this complex phenomenon.
Keywords
colon cancer; estrogen; estrogen receptors, sex differences
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolism
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comments (0)
We encourage comments and feedback from a broad range of readers. See criteria for comments and our Diversity statement.
Leave a public commentSend a private comment to the author(s)
* All users must log in before leaving a comment
