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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0593.v1

Sex-Specific Differences in Toxicity Following Systemic Paclitaxel Treatment and Localized Cardiac Radiotherapy

Nicole Chmielewski Stivers, Benoit Petit, Jonathan Ollivier, Virginie Monceau, Pelagia Tsoutsou, Ana Quintela Pousa, Xiaoming Lin, Charles Limoli, Marie-Catherine Vozenin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: chemotherapy; radiotherapy; sex-specificity

Online: 24 June 2021 (08:47:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0323.v1

Evaluation of Sex Differences in Murine Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Neutropenic Models of Invasive Mucormycosis

Teclegiorgis Gebremariam, Sondus Alkhazraji, Abdullah Alqarihi, Nathan P. Wiederhold, Laura K. Najvar, Thomas F. Patterson, Scott G. Filler, Ashraf S. S. Ibrahim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Rhizopus; Mucor; Mucormycosis; Murine; sex

Online: 12 April 2021 (21:07:37 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0487.v1

Anxiety Disorders: Sex Differences in Serotonin and Tryptophan Metabolism

Tanya Songtachalert, Chutima Roomruangwong, Andre F. Carvalho, Michel Bourin, Michael Maes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: sex; anxiety disorders; 5-HT; tryptophan; immune system; inflammation

Online: 29 August 2018 (08:58:26 CEST)

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Anxiety disorders manifest in women more than in men by almost twofold. This narrative review aims to summarize the sex-related biological factors, which underpin anxiety, focusing on the interactions of sex and tryptophan/serotonin with anxiety.A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and EMBASE databases from inception until December 31, 2017. This review shows that sex may interact with many serotonin functions thereby modulating anxiety, including 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors, 5-HT transporter and central 5-HT concentrations and metabolism. Sex-steroids modulate the expression of serotonin transporter genes, creating a difference in serotonin availability. Sex and estrous cycle phases lead to varying anxiety responses to tryptophan depletion. Testosterone, progesterone and estrogen are important factors in mediating sex differences in serotonin responses to anxiety-generating behavioral tests. At prenatal levels, there are sex-related differences in the reciprocal relationships between serotonin and the HPA-axis, which modulate anxiety-like behaviors. Activated immune-inflammatory pathways induce indoleamine-2,3-dioxynease (IDO) and the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway thereby increasing tryptophan degradation and increasing the production of TRYCATs including kynurenine and quinolinic acid, which may create an overall anxiogenic effect. The effects of immune activation on IDO are significantly more pronounced in women than men and therefore females may show increased levels of anxiogenic TRYCAT following immune challenge. Aberrations in the IDO-activated TRYCAT pathway are found in pregnant females and parturients and are associated with increased anxiety levels in the postnatal period. The results of this review underscore the necessity of studying the associations between serotonin and anxiety in both sexes taking into account the effects of immune activation on IDO and production of anxiogenic TRYCATs. Future anxiety research should focus on the interactions between serotonin/tryptophan and sex, sex hormones, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, the HPA axis and the immune system through production of anxiogenic TRYCATs.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0064.v1

Few Sex Differences in Hospitalized Suicide Attempters Aged 70 and Above

Stefan Wiktorsson, Therese Rydberg Sterner, Madeleine Mellqvist Fässberg, Ingmar Skoog, Anne Ingeborg Berg, Paul Duberstein, Kimberly Van Orden, Margda Waern

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: sex differences; suicide attempt; late life; depression; physical disability

Online: 11 December 2017 (13:04:01 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0262.v1

A Biopsychosocial Model of Sex Differences in Children’s Eating Behaviors

Kathleen L. Keller, Samantha M. R. Kling, Bari Fuchs, Alaina L. Pearce, Nicole A. Reigh, Travis Masterson, Kara Hickok

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: sex differences; eating behavior; food intake; biopsychosocial; children; brain imaging

Online: 26 January 2019 (02:49:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1817.v1

Sex/gender Differences in the Language Profiles of Italian Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Jessica Barsotti, Gloria Mangani, Roberta Nencioli, Antonio Narzisi, Lucia Pfanner, Anna Maria Chilosi, Paola Cipriani, Alice Mancini, Angela Cosenza, Raffaella Tancredi, Sara Calderoni

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: Language and communication; sex/gender; Autism Spectrum Disorder; children

Online: 26 June 2023 (13:54:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0211.v1

Klotho Regulated by Estrogen Plays a Key Role in Sex Differences in Stress Resilience

Zhinei Tan, Yongxia Li, Yinzheng Guan, Javed Iqbal, Chenyue Wang, Xinming Ma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: klotho; estrogen; hippocampus; chronic stress; sex difference; stress resilience

Online: 13 December 2022 (01:09:36 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0591.v1

Sex Differences in Exercise Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Daniel Rodriguez Bauza, Patricia Silveyra

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: inflammation; atopy; exercise induced asthma; exercise induced bronchoconstriction; sex differences

Online: 27 August 2020 (05:31:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0101.v1

Differences between Women and Men Regarding the Security Measures Required of the Hotel Sector to Deal with COVID-19

Alexandra Lenis Escobar, Ramón Rueda López, Antonio Menor Campos, Teresa López-Felipe

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Econometrics And Statistics Keywords: Covid-19; tourism; security measures; sex differences; ANOVA

Online: 4 August 2020 (16:05:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0168.v1

Fine Motor Precision Tasks: Sex Differences in Performance with and without Visual Guidance across Different Age Groups

Liudmila Liutsko, Ruben Muinos, Josep Maria Tous Ral, María José Contreras

Subject: Social Sciences, Cognitive Science Keywords: fine motor precision; vision; proprioception; sex differences; individual differences; personality

Online: 15 November 2019 (03:46:22 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0677.v1

Gender Differences in Oxidative Stress in Relation to Cancer Susceptibility and Survival

Alessandro Allegra, Santino Caserta, Sara Genovese, Giovanni Pioggia, Sebastiano Gangemi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: gender differences; cancer; oxidative stress; oestrogens; testosterone; antioxidant; reactive oxygen species; sex hormones; mitochondria.

Online: 10 May 2023 (03:44:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0295.v1

Sex Differences in Nutritional Status and Associated Risk Factors Among Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd) Patients in Lahore, Pakistan; A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

Amina Faheem, Qaisar Raza, Sanaullah Iqbal, Rakhshanda Batool, Umer Faheem

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases; Sex differences; Pakistani; Dietary intake patterns

Online: 23 May 2022 (10:30:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0201.v1

Differences between Women and Men Regarding Security Measures to Prevent the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Hotel Sector

Alexandra Lenis Escobar, Ramón Rueda López, Antonio Menor Campos, Teresa López-Felipe

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: Covid-19; tourism; security measures; sex differences; ANOVA; hotel sector

Online: 8 August 2020 (04:03:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0146.v1

Differences between Women and Men in terms of Safety Measures to Prevent COVID-19 Pandemic in the Hotel Sector

Alexandra Lenis Escobar, Ramón Rueda López, Antonio Menor Campos, Teresa López-Felipe

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: Covid-19; tourism; security measures; sex differences; ANOVA; hotel sector

Online: 6 August 2020 (10:08:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0409.v1

Are There Sex Differences in Self-Reported Childhood Maltreatment in Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorders? A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Daniela Caldirola, Tatiana Torti, Francesco Cuniberti, Silvia Daccò, Alessandra Alciati, Koen Schruers, Giovanni Martinotti, Domenico De Berardis, Giampaolo Perna

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: childhood trauma; major depressive disorder; bipolar disorder; sex difference; age

Online: 31 May 2022 (03:39:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0168.v1

The sex Differences in Blood Pressure and Cardiac Autonomic Modulation during the Menopause Transition at Rest and after Aerobic Exercise Training

Maycon Jr Ferreira, Rodrigo D. Esposti, Aline O. Jarrete, Carlos H. G. Sponton, Angelina Zanesco

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: sex differences; blood pressure; redox state; perimenopausal women; nitric oxide

Online: 12 December 2019 (09:43:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0152.v1

Eugenio Martelli, Matilde Zamboni, Giovanni Sotgiu, Laura Saderi, Massimo Federici, Giuseppe Massimo Sangiorgi, Mariangela Valentina Puci, Allegra Rosa Martelli, Teresa Messina, Paolo Frigatti, Maria Pia Borrelli, Carlo Ruotolo, Ilaria Ficarelli, Paolo Rubino, Francesco Pezzo, Luciano Carbonari, Andrea Angelini, Edoardo Galeazzi, Luca Calia Di Pinto, Franco Michelino Fiore, Armado Palmieri, Giorgio Ventoruzzo, Giulia Mazzitelli, Franco Ragni, Antonio Bozzani, Enzo Forliti, Claudio Castagno, Pietro Volpe, Mafalda Massara, Diego Moniaci, Elisa Pagliasso, Tania Peretti, Mauro Ferrari, Nicola Troisi, Pietro Modugno, Maurizio Maiorano, Umberto Marcello Bracale, Marco Panagrosso, Mario Monaco, Giovanni Giordano, Giuseppe Natalicchio, Antonella Biello, Giovanni Maria Celoria, Alessio Amico, Mauro Di Bartolo, Massimiliano Martelli, Roberta Munaó, Davide Razzano, Giovanni Colacchio, Francesco Bussetti, Gaetano Lanza, Antonio Cardini, Bartolomeo Di Benedetto, Mario De Laurentis, Maurizio Taurino, Pasqualino Sirignano, Pierluigi Cappiello, Andrea Esposito, Santi Trimarchi, Silvia Romagnoli, Andrea Padricelli, Giorgio Giudice, Adolfo Crinisio, Giovanni Di Nardo, Giuseppe Battaglia, Rosario Tringale, Salvatore De Vivo, Rita Compagna, Valerio Stefano Tolva, Ilenia D'Alessio, Ruggiero Curci, Simona Giovannetti, Giuseppe D'Arrigo, Giusi Basile, Dalmazio Frigerio, Gian Franco Veraldi, Luca Mezzetto, Arnaldo Ippoliti, Fabio Massimo Oddi, Alberto Maria Settembrini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: chronic limb-threatening ischemia; outcome; sex; age; limb salvage

Online: 8 December 2022 (09:39:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1132.v1

Immunological Misfiring and Sex Differences/Similarities in Early COVID-19 Studies: Missed Opportunities of Making a Real IMPACT

Aditi Bhargava, Johannes D Knapp

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: coagulopathy; COVID-19; CXCL; dendritic cells; ICU; IL6; IL7; IFN; sex differences and similarities

Online: 16 August 2023 (07:57:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0843.v1

Sex Differences in Frequencies of B and T Cell Subpopulations of Human Cord Blood

Michelle Bous, Charline Sarah Schmitt, Muriel Charlotte Hans, Regine Weber, Nasenien Nourkami-Tutdibi, Sebastian Tenbruck, Bashar Haj Hamoud, Gudrun Wagenpfeil, Elisabeth Kaiser, Erich-Franz Solomayer, Michael Zemlin, Sybelle Goedicke-Fritz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: B cells; T cells; B1 cells; human; white blood cells; cord blood; development; ontogeny; sex differences; gender medicine

Online: 12 June 2023 (13:33:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0288.v1

Sex Differences in the Associations of Nutrient Patterns with Total and Regional Adiposity: A Study of Middle-Aged Black South African Men and Women

Tshifhiwa Ratshikombo, Julia H. Goedecke, Melikhaya Soboyisi, Clement Kufe, Maphoko Masemola, Lisa K Micklesfield, Tinashe Chikowore

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Nutrient patterns; Obesity; Sex differences; Total and regional adiposity; South Africa

Online: 20 October 2021 (10:17:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0867.v1

Sex Differences In Glomerular Lesions, Atherosclerosis Progression, And In The Response To Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors In The Apoe^-/- Mice Model

Adrián Mallén, Ronny Rodriguez-Urquia, Rafael Alvarez, Eduard Dorca-Duch, Estanis Navarro, Miguel Hueso

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: Sex differences; Chronic Kidney Disease; Atherosclerosis; Foam Cells; Parietal Epithelial Cells (PECs); Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEi)

Online: 13 June 2023 (03:22:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0675.v1

Sex-biased Expression of Pharmacogenes Across Human Tissues

Maria Laura Idda, ILARIA CAMPESI, Giovanni Fiorito, Andrea Vecchietti, Silvana Anna Maria Urru, Maria Giuliana Solinas, Flavia Franconi, Matteo Floris

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: pharmacogenes; transcripts; sex-bias; drug metabolism; sex differences

Online: 28 June 2021 (15:08:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0380.v2

Considerations and Challenges for Sex-Aware Drug Repurposing

Jennifer Fisher, Emma Jones, Victoria Flanary, Avery Williams, Elizabeth Ramsey, Brittany Lasseigne

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: sex differences; drug repurposing; sex-bias; sex-aware; review; therapeutics; pharmaceuticals; computational drug repurposing

Online: 8 March 2022 (10:34:42 CET)

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Sex differences are essential factors in disease etiology and manifestation in many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration (1). The biological influence of sex differences (including genomic, epigenetic, hormonal, immunological, and metabolic differences between males and females) and the lack of biomedical studies considering sex differences in their study design has led to several policies. For example, the National Institute of Health’s (NIH) sex as a biological variable (SABV) and Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER)) policies to motivate researchers to consider sex differences (2). However, drug repurposing, a promising alternative to traditional drug discovery by identifying novel uses for FDA-approved drugs, lacks sex-aware methods that can improve the identification of drugs that have sex-specific responses (1,3–5). Sex-aware drug repurposing methods either select drug candidates that are more efficacious in one sex or deprioritize drug candidates based on if they are predicted to cause a sex-bias adverse event (SBAE), unintended therapeutic effects that are more likely to occur in one sex. Computational drug repurposing methods are encouraging approaches to develop for sex-aware drug repurposing because they can prioritize sex-specific drug candidates or SBAEs at lower cost and time than traditional drug discovery. Sex-aware methods currently exist for clinical, genomic, and transcriptomic information (3,6,7). They have not expanded to other data types, such as DNA variation, which has been beneficial in other drug repurposing methods that do not consider sex (8). Additionally, some sex-aware methods suffer from poorer performance because a disproportionate number of male and female samples are available to train computational methods (3). However, there is development potential for several different categories (i.e., data mining, ligand binding predictions, molecular associations, and networks). Low-dimensional representations of molecular association and network approaches are also especially promising candidates for future sex-aware drug repurposing methodologies because they reduce the multiple hypothesis testing burden and capture sex-specific variation better than the other methods (9,10). Here we review how sex influences drug response, the current state of drug repurposing including with respect to sex-bias drug response, and how model organism study design choices influence drug repurposing validation.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0213.v1

Independent Evolution of Sex Chromosomes in Eublepharid Geckos, a Lineage with Environmental and Genotypic Sex Determination

Eleonora Pensabene, Lukáš Kratochvíl, Michail Rovatsos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Gekkota; reptiles; DNA-seq; sex chromosomes; sex determination; qPCR

Online: 5 November 2020 (14:14:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1276.v1

Understanding Transcription Factors and How They Affect Metabolic Processes in Cucumber Sex Determination

Szymon Turek, Aparna Aparna, Agnieszka Skarzyńska, Wojciech Pląder, Magdalena Pawełkowicz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: transcription factors; interactome network; sex development; sex determination; Cucumber (Cucumis sativus); metabolomic processes

Online: 1 May 2023 (00:01:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0310.v1

Palatal Rugae as a Discriminating Factor in Determining Sex: A Method Applicable in Forensic Odontology?

Andrea Trizzino, Pietro Messina, Fabio M Sciarra, Stefania Zerbo, Antonina Argo, Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: palatal rugae; sex; forensic dentistry

Online: 5 July 2023 (12:38:18 CEST)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0060.v1

Some Potentially Strategic Considerations for the Sex-Bot Industry

Glenn W. Smith

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: sexually-enable robot; sex-bot

Online: 8 January 2018 (09:56:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0187.v1

Sample Preservation and Plant Sex Prediction in White Guinea Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) Seedlings

Asrat Asfaw, Paterne Agre, Chidinma Nwachukwu, Bunmi Olasanmi, Jude Obidiegwu, Emmanuel Nwachukwu, Patrick Adebola, David De Koeyer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: dioecious; DNA quality; flower type; sample preservation method; sex genotype; sex phenotype; visual assay

Online: 14 February 2020 (04:22:20 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0215.v1

Alterations in Kidney Structures Caused by Age Vary According to Sex and Dehydration Condition

Susana Quirós Cognuck, Lucas Ferreira de Almeida, Wagner L. Reis, Márcia S. Silva, Gislaine Almeida Pereira, Sandra V. Zorro, André S. Mecawi, Terezila Machado Coimbra, Lucila L.K. Elias, José Antunes Antunes Rodrigues

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: aging; body composition; kidney; sex differences

Online: 11 November 2022 (03:53:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0329.v1

Intersectional Stigma, Identity, and Culture: A Grounded Theory of Female Escort Perspectives from Brazil and Pakistan

Belinda Brooks-Gordon, Nasra Poli

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: sex work; stigma; intersectionality; migrant; culture

Online: 15 September 2020 (04:41:50 CEST)

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Intersectional experiences, socio-cultural meanings, ethnic traditions and morals compound stigma-related stress (Jackson et al., 2020; Schmitz 2019). Sex workers are subject to various stigmatizing forces which can lead to secrecy, isolation and lack of social and cultural support (Koken 2012). Stigmatizing forces include structural humanitarian governance and aid interventions that conflate migration and sex work with insidious constraints and coercion. This study explored how migrant female sex workers from distinctive ethnic cultures manage their identity on a day to day basis in relation to the separation of work and home life. Methods: The perspectives of female sex workers were collected via a series of in-depth semi-structured interviews. The inclusion criteria were that the women had worked in sex work for over 18months, defined their involvement in sex work as voluntary, and were over 18yrs of age. The perspectives of seven women from South Asian (Pakistani), Brazilian, and British backgrounds were analyzed using Grounded Theory (Glaser and Strauss, 1967). Ethnicity was considered to explore how the women experienced stigma, how it impacted on the management of their identity, and how the process of change occurred. Results: The women used a variety of methods to maintain work and home life boundaries, processes they used switch into a role and all experienced stigma and tried to deal with it in ways such as concealment from friends and family. Two core categories and properties emerged from the data as participants felt guilt and/or shame but only the South Asian participants spoke of this with reference to their culture and religion. Conclusion: It was not migration per se but rather the relationship of migration to culture that was key to identity management. Participants reflected that as their country was considered collectivist country with interdependent thought, that any negativity felt could not only be reflected on the individual, but also the entire family. For these reasons Pakistani sex workers were subject to more complex stigmatizing forces, shame and guilt as regards risk and exposure. Discussion focusses on the processes and management strategies used to extend social and cultural support.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0034.v1

Problems Associated with Marketing Food and Drink Specifically at Women

Charles Spence

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Marketing Keywords: food marketing; sex/gender; advertising; nutrition

Online: 2 July 2019 (08:27:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0127.v1

Sex Determining Mechanisms in Bivalves

Sophie Breton, Charlotte Capt, Davide Guerra, Donald Stewart

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: sex determination; exual systems; bivalvia; mitochondria

Online: 30 June 2017 (07:28:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1904.v2

The Indirect Effects of Vitamin D3 on the Aging Process According to Gender

Daniela Florina Trifan, Adrian Gheorghe Tirla, Calin Mos, Adrian Danciu, Florian Bodog, Felicia Manole, Timea Claudia Ghitea

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Surgery Keywords: Face-lifting; vitamin D; collagen; sex difference

Online: 31 July 2023 (11:38:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1242.v1

Exploring the Evolutionary Relics of Sex-chromosomes of Divergent Animal Species through Comparative Analysis of the Predicted SSR Sequences and CpG Islands

Barinder Singh Grewal, Shilpa Tewari, Håkon Hægland, Chandra Shekhar Mukhopadhyay

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Microsatellite; CpG island; sex chromosomes; DNA markers

Online: 16 June 2023 (12:41:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0185.v1

De Novo Assembly and Annotation of 11 Diverse Shrub Willow (Salix) Genomes Reveals Novel Gene Organization in Sex-Linked Regions

Brennan Hyden, Kai Feng, Timothy B Yates, Sara Jawdy, Chelsea Cereghino, Lawrence B Smart, Wellington Muchero

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Salix; shrub willow; genome assembly; sex determination

Online: 12 December 2022 (01:46:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0169.v1

Girls Outperform Boys in Early Syntactic Development? Negative Evidence from Mandarin-Speaking Preschoolers

Nga Yui Tong, Hui Li

Subject: Social Sciences, Language And Linguistics Keywords: sex differences; syntactic development; Mandarin-speaking children

Online: 14 February 2022 (09:19:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0116.v2

Frail Males on the American Frontier: The Role of Environmental Harshness on Sex Ratios at Birth Across a Period of Rapid Industrialization

Ryan Schacht, Mike Hollingshaus, Heidi Hanson, Tim Bruckner, Shane J Macfarlan, Douglas Tharp, Ken R Smith

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: sex ratio; prenatal stress; demography; ecological stress

Online: 6 April 2021 (14:57:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0029.v1

On the Difficulty of Marketing Food and Drink Products to Men and/or Women

Charles Spence

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: food marketing; sex/gender; personalization; customization; nutrition

Online: 2 November 2018 (07:00:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0465.v2

The Role of Sexual Prejudice and Aetiology Beliefs on the Italians’ Attitudes towards Adoption by Same-Sex Couples

Silvia Di Battista, Daniele Paolini, Monica Pivetti, Lucia Mongelli

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: beliefs about the aetiology of sexual orientation; sexual prejudice; same-sex couples; same-sex parenting; gay fathers; lesbian mothers

Online: 12 January 2021 (12:34:39 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1102.v1

Sex Specificities of Human Placental Adaptive Changes: The Influence of Maternal Obesity

Esther Dos Santos, Marta Hita Hernandez, Valérie Sérazin, François Vialard, Marie-Noëlle Dieudonné

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Maternal obesity; placenta; environmental adaptation; sex specificities; reproduction

Online: 28 April 2023 (04:06:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0049.v1

Dietary and Sexual Correlates of Gut Microbiota in the Japa-Nese Gecko, Gekko japonicus (Schlegel, 1836)

Xin-Ru Jiang, Ying-Yu Dai, Yu-Rong Wang, Kun Guo, Yu Du, Jian-Fang Gao, Long-Hui Lin, Peng Li, Hong Li, Xiang Ji, Yan-Fu Qu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: ASVs; diet habit; Gekko japonicus; gut microbiota; sex

Online: 3 March 2023 (01:31:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0377.v1

Calibrating A Comprehensive Immune Age Metric to Analyze the Cross Sectional Age-Related Decline in Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Peter Bröde, Maren Claus, Patrick D. Gajewski, Stephan Getzmann, Klaus Golka, Jan G. Hengstler, Edmund Wascher, Carsten Watzl

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: aging; immunosenescence; physical fitness; physical activity; obesity; sex

Online: 26 September 2022 (05:00:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0361.v1

Impact of Sex in Left Atrial Indices for Prognosis of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Shiro Hoshida, Koichi Tachibana, Nobutaka Masunaga, Yukinori Shinoda, Tomoko Minamisaka, Hirooki Inui, Keisuke Ueno, Masahiro Seo, Masamichi Yano, Takaharu Hayashi, Akito Nakagawa, Yusuke Nakagawa, Shunsuke Tamaki, Takahisa Yamada, Yoshio Yasumura, Yohei Sotomi, Shungo Hikoso, Daisaku Nakatani, Yasushi Sakata

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Ed/Ea; Fine-Gray model; HFpEF; LAVI; sex

Online: 23 September 2022 (08:09:57 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0002.v1

Air Pollution Exposure as a Relevant Risk Factor for COPD Exacerbations in Male and Female Patients

Miguel Enrique Silva Rodriguez, Patricia Silveyra

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: COPD exacerbation; air pollution; hospital admission; sex differences

Online: 1 October 2021 (10:02:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0110.v1

Effects of Sex and 17β-Estradiol on Cardiac Fibroblast Morphology and Signaling Activities in vitro

Kelsey Watts, Will Richardson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: cardiac fibroblasts; sex-specific; estrogen; fibrosis; heart failure

Online: 6 September 2021 (17:24:51 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0067.v1

Diagnostic Tools for Autism Spectrum Disorders by Sex: Analysis of Current Status and Future Lines

Esperanza Navarro-Pardo, Fernanda López-Ramón, Yurena Alonso-Esteban, Francisco Alcantud-Marín

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorders; Diagnostic Tools; Sex; Differential Diagnostic.

Online: 2 March 2021 (10:05:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0579.v1

Association between Problematic Internet Use and Sleep Disturbance Among Adolescents: the Role of the Child’s Sex

Jiewen Yang, Yangfeng Guo, Xueying Du, Yi Jiang, Wanxin Wang, Di Xiao, Tian Wang, Ciyong Lu, Lan Guo

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Problematic Internet use, sleep disturbance, sex difference, adolescents

Online: 24 October 2018 (14:15:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0107.v1

Molecular Sex Identification in Dioecious Hippophae rhamnoides L. via RAPD and SCAR Markers

Wu Zhou, Yuwei Wang, Gong Zhang, Guangxiang Luan, Shasha Chen, Jing Meng, Honglun Wang, Na Hu, Yourui Suo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Hippophae rhamnoides L.; dioecious; sex determination; RAPD; SCAR

Online: 9 April 2018 (10:48:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0119.v1

CO-St (COVID 19- study): impact of the management of men versus women in the treatment of Covid 19. A Multi-Centric Observational study

Tiziana Ciarambino, filomena pietrantonio, Sara Rotunno, Alessandra Fiorentini, Rosalba Cipriani, Giuseppe Campagna, Giuseppe Straface, Eleonora Pistella, mauro giordano, Francesco Rosiello, Orazio Valerio Giannico, federica lorenzi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; gender role; sex differences

Online: 4 August 2021 (15:30:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0163.v1

Urinary Equol is Associated with Bioavailable Testosterone but not Total Testosterone in Women

Hong-li Dong, Feng Xiong, Qing-wei Zhong, Yi-hong Li, Meng Liu, Wen-hua Ling, Xin-yi Tang, Yu-ming Chen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: equol; bioavailable testosterone; total testosterone; sex hormone-binding globulin

Online: 17 June 2019 (10:53:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1568.v1

Gender: a Postmodern idea Developed in Association with the Modern Concept of Sex; Implications for Evolving Sexuality

Carol Nash

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: gender; modern thought; sex; capitalism; standardization; eugenics; postmodern thought; sexuality

Online: 23 May 2023 (04:42:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0516.v1

The Confound of Hemodynamic Response Function Variability in Resting-State Functional MRI Studies

D Rangaprakash, Robert Barry, Gopikrishna Deshpande

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: BOLD fMRI; HRF; resting state connectivity; aging; sex differences; confound

Online: 28 February 2023 (09:32:04 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0075.v1

Use of Antiandrogens as Therapeutic Agents in COVID-19 Patients

Efstathios S. Giotis, Emine Cil, Greg N. Brooke

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: coronavirus; TMPRSS2; ACE2; SARS-CoV-2; androgens; sex hormones; antiandrogens

Online: 3 November 2022 (09:21:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0446.v1

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors (Age and Sex), Stroke Types, and Outcomes in Rivers State, Nigeria: A Retrospective Hospital-Based Study

Osborne Ikechuckwu Osuegbu, Foluke Olukemi Adeniji, Golden Chukwuemaka Owhonda, Rogers Bariture Kanee, M Alblihed, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Eric Osamudiamwen Aigbogun

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Age; Sex; Stroke Types; Outcomes; SEM; Tertiary Hospitals; Rivers State

Online: 20 July 2021 (11:45:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0034.v1

Population Dynamics of Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumara) in Maine Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton)

Francis Drummond, Elissa Ballamn, Judith Collins

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: long-term; sex ratio; action threshold; pest management; insecticide use

Online: 6 May 2019 (08:19:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0711.v1

Young Women’s Attitudes and Concerns on Pornography and Their Sexual Experiences: A Qualitative Approach

Mónica Fernández-Ruiz, Olga María López-Entrambasaguas, Jose Manuel Martínez-Linares, José Granero-Molina

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: pornography; qualitative research; sexual behavior; sex education; sexual health; young women

Online: 9 August 2023 (09:05:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0633.v1

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): A Mini Review of Lipid Profile, Blood Glucose, and Ovarian Histological Improvements

Syawany Wahid, Muhammad Danial Che Ramli, Ezza Fazleen Mohd Fathil, Muhammad Naim Rosli, Mohd Helmy Mokhtar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Reproductive Medicine Keywords: natural products; polycystic ovarian syndrome; lipid profile; sex hormone; blood glucose

Online: 11 July 2023 (05:19:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1440.v1

Development of an Accurate Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Assay for Genetic Sex Identification in Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) based on Male-specific anti-Mullerian Hormone (amh) Gene

Kasidis Chaiyasut, Paul Merviel, Peter Palma, Johanna Perschthaler, Eduardo Jimenez Fernandez, Andrew Davie, Alejandro P. Gutierrez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Anti-Müllerian hormone; Cyclopterus lumpus; Male-specific marker; Genetic sex identification

Online: 19 May 2023 (11:36:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0355.v1

Risk Assessment of Transgender People: Development of Rodent Models Mimicking Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapies and Identification of Sex-Dimorphic Liver Genes as Novel Biomarkers of Sex Transition

Roberta Tassinari, Alessia Tammaro, Gabriele Lori, Sabrina Tait, Andrea Martinelli, Luigia Cangemi, Paolo Frassanito, Francesca Maranghi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: testosterone; estrogen; cyprotenone acetate; masculinizing; feminizing; cytochrome P450; sex-specific genes

Online: 18 November 2022 (10:10:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0178.v1

A Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals New Genes in a Molecular Network Associated With Alcohol Dependence and Related Clinical Measures

Anastasia Levchenko, Sergey Malov, Alexey Antonik, Anastasia Protsvetkina, Kseniya V. Rybakova, Alexander Kanapin, Alexey N. Yakovlev, Anna Y. Nenasteva, Anton E. Nikolishin, Nikolay Cherkasov, Natalia A. Chuprova, Anna S. Blagonravova, Angelica V. Sergeeva, Tatyana V. Zhilyaeva, Maria K. Denisenko, Raul R. Gainetdinov, Alexander O. Kibitov, And Evgeny M. Krupitsky

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: alcohol dependence; comorbidity; gene network; genome-wide association study; sex differences

Online: 9 August 2022 (10:35:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0555.v1

Molecular Characterization of a Functional Membrane-Associated Progesterone Receptor Component 2 (PGRMC-2) in Maturing Oocytes of the Human Parasite Nematode Trichinella spiralis: Implications to the Host-Parasite Relationship

Jorge Morales-Montor, Álvaro Colin-Oviedo, Gloria María. González-González, José Prisco Palma-Nicolás, Alejandro Sánchez-González, Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro, Lenin Dominguez-Ramirez, Martín García-Varela, Víctor Hugo Del Río-Araiza, Romel Hernández-Bello

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Trichinella spiralis; muscle larvae; sex steroids receptors; oocytes; helminth; PGRMC; progesterone

Online: 26 July 2021 (09:08:31 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0159.v1

SeXX and COVID-19: Tussle between the Two

Ashlesh Patil, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Vishwajit Deshmukh, Bharat Sontakke, Satyendra C. Tripathi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Sex; COVID-19; SARS Cov-2; ACE2; innate immunity; adaptive immunity

Online: 14 June 2020 (03:18:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0364.v1

The Molecular Basis of Gender Variations in Mortality Rates Associated with the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak

Ibrahim Y. Hachim, Mahmood Y. Hachim, Iman Mamdouh Talaat, Vanessa M. López-Ozuna, Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari, Rabih Halwani, Qutayba Hamid

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: COVID-19; gender; transcriptomics; RAS; hydrolase activity; sex-based immunological differences

Online: 23 May 2020 (06:03:25 CEST)

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Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) at the end of 2019, the clinical presentation of the disease showed a great heterogeneity with a diverse impact between different subpopulations. Emerging evidence from different parts of the world showed significantly poor outcome among males compared to female patients. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind this difference might be a fundamental step for a more effective and targeted response to the outbreak. For that reason, here we try to investigate the molecular basis of the gender variations in mortality rates related to COVID-19 infection. To achieve this, we used our in-house pipeline to process publicly available lung transcriptomic data from 141 females compared to 286 males. After excluding Y specific genes, our results showed a shortlist of 73 genes that are differentially expressed between the two groups. Our results showed downregulation of a group of genes that are involved in the regulation of hydrolase activity including (AGTR1, CHM, DDX3X, FGFR3, SFRP2, and NLRP2), which is also believed to be essential for lung immune response and antimicrobial activity in the lung tissues in males compared to females. In contrast, our results showed an upregulation of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR1), a member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that plays a role in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity modulation. Interestingly, recent reports and experimental animal models highlight an important role of this receptor in SARS-Coronavirus lung damage as well as pulmonary edema, suggesting a possible role of its blockers like losartan and olmesartan as potential therapeutic options for COVID-19 infection. Finally, our results also showed a differential expression of different genes that are involved in the immune response including the NLRP2 and PTGDR2, further supporting the notion of the sex-based immunological differences. Taken together, our results provide an initial evidence of the molecular mechanisms that might be involved in the differential outcomes observed between both genders during the COVID-19 outbreak. This might be essential for the discovery of new targets and more precise therapeutic options to treat COVID-19 patients from different clinical and epidemiological characteristics with the aim of improving their outcome.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0180.v1

Unanswered Questions Regarding Sex and BMP/TGF-β Signaling

Tapan A. Shah, Melissa B. Rogers

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: BMP; TGF-β; signaling; sex; chromosomes; XIST; genomic imprinting; hormones; fibrosis

Online: 11 May 2018 (09:49:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0353.v1

Impact of COVID-19 on Quality of Life in Long-term Advanced Rectal Cancer Survivors

Daniel Anton Blasko, Claudia Schweizer, Tim Fitz, Christoph Schröter, Christopher Sörgel, Annett Kallies, Rainer Fietkau, Luitpold Valentin Distel

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: quality of life; COVID-19; pandemic; rectal cancer; radiochemotherapy; age; sex; stage

Online: 5 May 2023 (10:39:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0403.v1

Are Men Better at Recognizing Emojis than Facial Expressions?

Linda Dalle Nogare, Alice Cerri, Alice Mado Proverbio

Subject: Social Sciences, Cognitive Science Keywords: visual perception; emotion; emoji; emoticon; sex differences; anger; fear; emotional communication; texting

Online: 23 January 2023 (08:43:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0420.v1

Normative scores for CrossFit® Open Workouts: 2011 - 2022

Gerald T. Mangine, Nina Grundlingh, Yuri Feito

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: fitness assessment; sport-specific; athlete classification; high-intensity functional training; sex differences

Online: 22 December 2022 (06:34:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0125.v1

A Fish of Multiple Faces, which Show us Enigmatic and Incredible Phenomena in Nature: Biology and Cytogenetics of the Genus Carassius

Martin Knytl, Adrian Forsythe, Lukáš Kalous

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: hybridization; sexuality; asexuality; biotype; species; sex determination; ploidy level; Carassius auratus complex

Online: 7 July 2022 (09:56:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0528.v1

Short-Term Cumulative Exposure to Ambient Traffic-Related Black Carbon and Blood Pressure: MMDA Traffic Enforcers’ Health Study

Zypher Jude G. Regencia, Godofreda V. Dalmacion, Antonio D. Ligsay, Emmanuel S. Baja

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: black carbon; systolic blood pressure; diastolic blood pressure; sex; obesity; traffic enforcers

Online: 30 September 2021 (16:08:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0309.v1

Gender Based Comparison and Effects of Multi-Year Physical Exercise Program on Motor Skills in Preschool Children

Kristian Plazibat, Josip Karuc, Tihomir Vidranski

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: sex differences; fundamental motor skill; motor skills; physical activity; exercise effects; pediatrics

Online: 14 August 2021 (14:45:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0457.v1

Body Mass Index and Birth Weight Improve Polygenic Risk Score for Type 2 Diabetes

Avigail Moldovan, Yedael Y. Waldman, Nadav Brandes, Michal Linial

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Body weight; Genetic variations; GWAS; Metabolic disease; Obesity; Sex difference; UK-Biobank

Online: 20 May 2021 (08:55:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0108.v1

Effects of Media and Frame Rates on Hyperactivated Bovine Sperm Motility and an Analysis of Sperm Motility Subpopulation Structures in Sex-Sorted and Non-Sorted Semen

Chihiro Kanno, Sun-Sik Kang, Kentaro Q. Sakamoto, Yojiro Yanagawa, Seiji Katagiri, Masashi Nagano

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Capacitation; Computer-assisted sperm analysis; Hyperactivation; Sex-sorted semen; Sperm motility subpopulation

Online: 5 April 2021 (12:08:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0563.v1

Sex, Age, and Risk Groups Variations among Individuals Infected with HIV, HTLV-1, and HTLV-2: Review of Data Records (1983–2017) from a Public Health Laboratory in São Paulo, Brazil

Adele Caterino-de-Araujo

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: HIV; HTLV-1; HTLV-2; sex; risk factors; prevalence; co-infection; public policies

Online: 8 September 2023 (09:39:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0159.v1

The Impact of Sex on Changes in Plasma Corticosterone and Cotinine Levels Induced by Nicotine in C57BL/6J Mice

Khoa Nguyen, Keiko Kanamori, Abdul Hamid, Kabirullah Lutfy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: Nicotine; Cotinine; Corticosterone; LCMS; Sex; C57BL/6J mouse; CYP2A5; Plasma Levels; Subcutaneous Injection

Online: 7 September 2020 (08:08:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0646.v1

Pacing Strategy of 800-Meter and 1500-Meter Freestyle Swimming Finals in the World Championships According to the Performance in Males and Females of Different Age Groups

Sabrina Demarie, Jean Renaud Pycke, Alessia Pizzuti, Veronique Billat

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: energy cost; endurance; training; technique; tactic; fatigue; performance; time series; mathematical modelling; sex difference

Online: 11 September 2023 (14:45:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0468.v1

Pharmacokinetics of Four Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Adult and Paediatric Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Patients

Sarah Allegra, Emma Dondi, Francesco Chiara, Silvia De Francia

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: dasatinib; imatinib; nilotibin; ponatinib; children; therapeutic drug monitoring; sex and gender pharmacology; personalized medicine.

Online: 7 August 2023 (11:53:12 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1119.v1

Adult-Type Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Testis: A Report of a Case and a Discussion of the Literature

Georgios Zervopoulos, Nikolaos Mitsimponas, Filippos Venetsanos, Athanasios Papathanasis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: Testis; granulosa-cell tumor; adult–type; sex cord-stromal tumor of testis; testicular cancer

Online: 16 May 2023 (07:27:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0108.v1

Neuropsychological Findings in Adults with Triple X Syndrome

Maarten Otter, Bea Campforts, Connie TRM Stumpel, Thérèse Van Amelsvoort, Claudia Vingerhoets, Marjan Drukker

Subject: Social Sciences, Cognitive Science Keywords: Triple X syndrome; Adults; Neurocognitive functioning; Sex Chromosomal Disorders; Attention; Psychomotor speed; Executive functioning

Online: 7 June 2022 (11:26:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0219.v1

Intragenic Duplication of DMRT1 in a SRY-Negative Boy with 46,XX Disorder of Sex Development

Veronica Bertini, Fulvia Baldinotti, Nina Tyutyusheva, Camillo Rosano, Cinzia Cosini, Adelaide Maria Caligo, Diego Peroni, Angelo Valetto, Silvano Bertelloni

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: 46,XX disorder of sex development; SRY-negative male; Testis determination; DMRT1; DMRT1 duplication

Online: 14 December 2021 (07:58:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0070.v1

Effects of Fetal Exposure to Asian Sand Dust on Fetal Development and Reproductive Function in Male Offspring

Seiichi Yoshida, Takamichi Ichinose, Keiichi Arashidani, Miao He, Hirohisa Takano, Takayuki Shibamoto

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: asian sand dust; in utero exposure; secondary sex ratio; male reproduction; daily sperm production

Online: 20 September 2016 (11:39:47 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0073.v2

Sexual Dimorphism in the Multielemental Stoichiometric Phenotypes and Stoichiometric Niches of Spiders

Łukasz Sobczyk, Michał Filipiak, Marcin Czarnoleski

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: ecological stoichiometry; predator; spider; sex; nutrition; nutritional ecology; arthropod; nutrient cycling; trophic link; food web

Online: 29 July 2020 (09:40:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0347.v1

Strain, Sex, and Time Dependent Antidepressant-like Effects of Cannabidiol

Gabriela Pandini Silote, Michelle C. Gatto, Amanda Eskelund, Francisco S. Guimarães, Gregers Wegener, Sâmia R. L. Joca

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Cannabidiol; S-Ketamine; Sex; Mice strain; Flinders Sensitive Line rats; Tail suspension test; Forced Swim Test.

Online: 25 October 2021 (12:32:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0285.v1

Usefulness of a Concept Called Autonomous Selection

Idan S. Solon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: extended evolutionary synthesis; inheritance of acquired characters; stress-induced mutagenesis; fitness-dependent sex; horizontal gene transfer

Online: 25 July 2019 (08:24:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0075.v1

Dynamic Patterns of Sex Chromosome Evolution in Neognath Birds: Many Independent Barriers to Recombination at the ATP5F1A Locus

Rebecca T. Kimball, Edward L. Braun

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Sex chromosomes; Hill-Robertson interference; male-driven molecular evolution; pseudoautosomal region; pseudogenes; purifying selection; protein structure; Psittaciformes

Online: 6 December 2021 (13:21:10 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0040.v1

The Comparative Analysis of the DNA Repeat Composition among Cannabis Sativa L., Humulus Lupulus L. And Humulus Japonicus Siebold & Zucc. With Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes

Julia V. Bocharkina, Oleg S. Alexandrov, Olga V. Razumova, Gennady I. Karlov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Cannabis sativa L.; Humulus lupulus L.; Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc.; sex chromosomes; DNA repeats; transposons; genome sequencing

Online: 3 December 2021 (09:25:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0310.v1

Translating the Biology of Rodents’ Sex-Recognition and Mate-Recognition to Humans’: Bridging the Pheromonal-Visual Gap

Yehuda Salu

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: Sex-recognition; mate-recognition; sexual orientation; puberty; vomeronasal-organ; VNO; learning sexual behavior; Medial-geniculate-nucleus; MGN; MASH

Online: 24 February 2022 (10:06:07 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0226.v1

Transgender Women in The Female Category of Sport: Is the Male Performance Advantage Removed by Testosterone Suppression?

Emma N. Hilton, Tommy R. Lundberg

Subject: Social Sciences, Tourism, Leisure, Sport And Hospitality Keywords: androgens; athletic performance; cross-hormone therapy; gender dysphoria; muscle; sex hormones; sporting policies; strength; transgender men; transgender women

Online: 13 May 2020 (11:25:23 CEST)

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Sex dimorphism starts during early embryogenesis and is further manifested in response to hormones during puberty. As this leads to physical divergence that is measurably different between sexes, males enjoy physical performance advantages over females within competitive sport. While this advantage is the underlying basis of the segregation into male and female sporting categories, these sex-based categories do not account for transgender persons who experience incongruence between their biological sex and their experienced gender identity. Accordingly, the International Olympic Committee determined criteria by which a transgender woman may be eligible to compete in the female category, requiring total serum testosterone levels to be suppressed below 10 nmol/L for at least 12 months prior to and during competition. Whether this regulation removes the male performance advantage has not been collectively scrutinized. Here, we aim to review how differences in biological characteristics between biological males and females affect sporting performance and assess whether evidence exists to support the assumption that testosterone suppression in transgender women removes the male performance advantage. In this review, we report that the performance gap between males and females amounts to 10-50% depending on sport. The performance gap is more pronounced in sporting activities relying on muscle mass and strength, particularly in the upper body. Longitudinal studies examining the effects of testosterone suppression on muscle mass and strength in transgender women consistently show very modest changes, where the loss of lean body mass, muscle area and strength typically amounts to approximately 5% after 1 year of treatment. Thus, current evidence shows that the biological advantage enjoyed by transgender women is only minimally reduced when testosterone is suppressed. Sports organizations may therefore be compelled to reassess current policies regarding participation of transgender women in the female category of sport.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0307.v3

Effect of Gender on the Outcome of Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Advanced Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Phase III Randomized Clinical Trials

Antonino Grassadonia, Isabella Sperduti, Patrizia Vici, Laura Iezzi, Davide Brocco, Teresa Gamucci, Laura Pizzuti, Marcello Maugeri-Saccà, Paolo Marchetti, Gaetana Cognetti, Michele De Tursi, Clara Natoli, Maddalena Barba, Nicola Tinari

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; anti-PD-1/PDL-1; anti-CTLA-4; gender; sex; Nivolumab; Pembrolizumab; Atezolizumab; Ipilimumab; Durvalumab

Online: 15 November 2018 (07:02:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0307.v1

Testing and Evaluation of Cervical Joint in Young Males and Females: Strength, Range of Motion and Musculoskeletal Pains

Christos Batatolis, Konstantina Karatrantou, Vaggelis Gymnopoulos, Dr. Vassilis Gerodimos

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: neck; isometric assessment; hand‐held dynamometer; functional capacity; cervical flexion/extension ratio; injury prevention; strength asymmetries; rehabilitation; sex effect

Online: 6 September 2023 (04:27:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0121.v1

Factors Modulating COVID-19: A Mechanistic Understanding Based on the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework

Laure-Alix Clerbaux, Maria Cristina Albertini, Núria Amigó, Anna Beronius, Gillina F.G. Bezemer, Sandra Coecke, Evangelos P. Daskalopoulos, Giusy Del Giudice, Dario Greco, Lucia Grenga, Alberto Mantovani, Amalia Muñoz, Elma Omeragic, Nikolaos Parissis, Mauro Petrillo, Laura A. Saarimäki, Helena Soares, Kristie Sullivan, Brigitte Landesmann

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 infection; COVID-19; modulating factors; Adverse Outcome Pathway; sex; age; co-morbidities; lifestyle; environment; pre-existing conditions

Online: 8 June 2022 (09:47:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0463.v1

Sex-Specific Proteomics Changes Induced by Genetic Deletion of the Fibroblast Growth Factor 14 (FGF14) Regulator of Neuronal Ion Channels

Mark Sowers, Jessica Di Re, Paul Wadsworth, Alexander Shavkunov, Cheryl Lichti, Kangling Zhang, Fernanda Laezza

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Mass Spectroscopy, Bioinformatics, FGF14, Voltage Gated Channels, Schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s Disease, Sex-Specific Differences, Synaptic Plasticity, Cognitive Impairment, Excitatory/Inhibitory Tone

Online: 19 November 2018 (11:54:50 CET)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0153.v1

‘Parabiotic Evolution’: From Stochasticity in Geochemical and Subsequent Processes to Genes, Genomes and Modular Cells

Richard Egel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Tree of Life; origins of species; cellular lineage escape; endogenous compartmentation; proto-organelles; eukaryogenesis; origins of sex; syntrophic biofilms; endosymbiosis

Online: 24 October 2017 (04:27:17 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Male Disadvantage in Oxidative Stress-Associated Complications of Prematurity: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis and Meta-regression

Elke van Westering-Kroon, Maurice J Huizing, Eduardo Villamor-Martínez, Eduardo Villamor

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: preterm birth; oxidative stress; sex differences; male disadvantage; female advantage; bronchopulmonary dysplasia; retinopathy of prematurity; necrotizing enterocolitis; intraventricular hemorrhage; periventricular leukomalacia; mortality.

Online: 3 September 2021 (11:08:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0436.v1

DNA Environment of Centromeres and Non-homologous Chromosomes Interactions in Mouse

Victor Spangenberg, Losev Michail, Volkhin Ilya, Svetlana Smirnova, Nikitin Pavel, Oxana Kolomiets

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Prophase I of meiosis; chromatin; synaptonemal complex; chromosome; satellite DNA; chromocenter; nuclear architecture; MSCI; sex chromosomes; interactions of non-homologous chromosomes; chromatin silencing

Online: 23 November 2021 (15:58:17 CET)

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Pericentromeric regions of chromosomes enriched in tandemly repeated satellite DNA although representing a significant part of eukaryotic genomes are still understudied mainly due to interdisciplinary knowledge gaps. Recent studies suggest their important role in genome regulation, karyotype stability and evolution. Thus, the idea of satellite DNA as a junk part of the genome was refuted. Integration of data about molecular composition, chromosome behaviour and details of in situ organization of pericentromeric regions is of great interest. The objective of this work was a cytogenetic analysis of the interactions of pericentromeric regions non-homologous chromosomes in mouse spermatocytes using immuno-FISH. We analysed two events: the associations between cerntomeric regions of X chromosome and autosomes, and associations between centromeric regions of autosomal bivalents forming chromocenters. We conclude that X chromosome form temporary synaptic associations with different autosomes in early meiotic prophase I which normally can be found at pachytene-diplotene without signs of pachytene arrest. These associations are formed between the satellite DNA-enriched centomeric regions of X chromosome and different autosomes but not involve the satellite-poor centromeric region of Y-chromosome. We suggest the mechanism of X chromosome competitive replacement from such associations during synaptic correction. We showed that centromeric region of the X chromosome remains free of γH2Ax-dependent chromatin inactivation, while Y chromosome is completely inactivated. This findings highlights the predominant role of associations between satellite DNA-enriched regions of different chromosomes including X. We assume that X-autosome temporary associations is a manifestation of an additional synaptic disorders checkpoint. These associations are normally corrected before the late diplotene. We revealed that the intense spreading conditions applied to the spermatocytes I nuclei did not lead to destruction of stretched chromatin fibers i.e. elongated chromocenters enriched in satellite DNA. Revealed by us tight associations between pericentromeric regions of different autosomal bivalents and X chromosome may represent the basis for repeat stability maintenance in autosomes an X chromosome. The consequences of our findings are discussed. We obtained the preparations of mouse spermatocytes nuclei in the meiotic prophase I using two approaches: standard and extremely intense surface spread techniques. Using immuno-FISH we visualized tandemly repeated mouse Major and Minor satellite DNA located in the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes and performed a morphological comparison of the standard- and intensely spreaded meiotic nuclei. Based on our results, we assume the remarkable strength of the chromocenter-mediated associations, “chromatin “bridges”, between different bivalents at the pachytene and diplotene stages. We have demonstrated that the chromocenter “bridges” between the centromeric ends of meiotic bivalents are enriched in both tandemly repeated Major and Minor satellite DNA. Association of centromeric regions of autosomal bivalents and X-chromosome but not with Y-chromosome correlates with the absence of Major and Minor satellites on Y-chromosome. We suggest that revealed tight associations between pericentromeric regions of bivalents may represent the network-like system providing dynamic stability of chromosomal territories, as well as add new data for the hypothesis of ectopic recombination in these regions which supports sequence homogeneity between non-homologous chromosomes and does not contradict the meiotic restrictions imposed by the crossing-over interference near centromeres. We conclude that nuclear architecture in meio-sis may play an essential role in contacts between the non-homologous chromosomes providing the specific characteristics of pericentromeric DNA.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0112.v1

Use of Advanced Artificial Intelligence in Forensic Medicine

Andrej Thurzo, Helena Svobodová Kosnáčová, Veronika Kurilová, Silvester Kosmeľ, Radoslav Beňuš, Norbert Moravanský, Peter Kováč, Kristína Mikuš Kuracinová, Michal Palkovič, Ivan Varga

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: forensic medicine; forensic dentistry; forensic anthropology; 3D CNN; AI; deep learning; biological age determination; sex determination; 3D cephalometric; AI face estimation; growth prediction

Online: 5 November 2021 (10:00:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0568.v1

Human Voice Took Over the Role of Pheromones in Establishing Sexual Orientations

YEHUDA SALU

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Voice and sexual orientation; Human sex pheromones; Evolution of sexual orientation; Development of sexual orientation; Puberty; Causes of sexual orientation; Biology of sexual orientation

Online: 23 March 2021 (12:47:18 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0833.v1

The Price of Human Evolution: Cancer-Testis-Antigens, the Decline in Male Fertility and the Increase in Cancer

Jekaterina Erenpreisa, Ninel M Vainshelbaum, Marija Lazovska, Roberts Karklins, Kristine Salmina, Pawel Zayakin, Felikss Rumnieks, Inna Inashkina, Dace Pjanova, Juris Erenpreiss

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Cancer-testis-antigens; parthenogenetic; polyploid giant cancer cells; PGCCs; genome fragility; phylostratigraphic analysis; innate immunity-placentation; endogenous retroviruses; sex determination; male infertility; endocrine disruption; environmental pollution

Online: 12 June 2023 (12:59:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0234.v1

Alcohol Dependence Induces CRF Sensitivity in Female Central Amygdala GABA Synapses

Larry Rodriguez, Dean Kirson, Sarah A. Wolfe, Reesha R. Patel, Florence P. Varodayan, Angela E. Snyder, Pauravi J. Gandhi, Sophia Khom, Roman Vlkolinksy, Michal Bajo, Marisa Roberto

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: corticotropin releasing factor (CRF); patch-clamp electrophysiology; sex difference; alcohol use disorder (AUD); Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA); central amygdala (CeA); spontaneous inhibitory post synaptic currents (sIPSCs)

Online: 16 June 2022 (08:41:35 CEST)

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