PreprintArticleVersion 1Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Sex Differences in Nutritional Status and Associated Risk Factors Among Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd) Patients in Lahore, Pakistan; A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study
Version 1
: Received: 14 May 2022 / Approved: 23 May 2022 / Online: 23 May 2022 (10:30:30 CEST)
How to cite:
Faheem, A.; Raza, Q.; Iqbal, S.; Batool, R.; Faheem, U. Sex Differences in Nutritional Status and Associated Risk Factors Among Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd) Patients in Lahore, Pakistan; A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study. Preprints2022, 2022050295. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202205.0295.v1
Faheem, A.; Raza, Q.; Iqbal, S.; Batool, R.; Faheem, U. Sex Differences in Nutritional Status and Associated Risk Factors Among Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd) Patients in Lahore, Pakistan; A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study. Preprints 2022, 2022050295. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202205.0295.v1
Faheem, A.; Raza, Q.; Iqbal, S.; Batool, R.; Faheem, U. Sex Differences in Nutritional Status and Associated Risk Factors Among Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd) Patients in Lahore, Pakistan; A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study. Preprints2022, 2022050295. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202205.0295.v1
APA Style
Faheem, A., Raza, Q., Iqbal, S., Batool, R., & Faheem, U. (2022). Sex Differences in Nutritional Status and Associated Risk Factors Among Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd) Patients in Lahore, Pakistan; A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202205.0295.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Faheem, A., Rakhshanda Batool and Umer Faheem. 2022 "Sex Differences in Nutritional Status and Associated Risk Factors Among Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd) Patients in Lahore, Pakistan; A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202205.0295.v1
Abstract
Objective: To explore sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) related risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and nutritional differences among 40-60 years old Pakistani CVD patients.Design: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study.Setting: The present study was conducted at the Mayo/King Edward Medical University (K.E.M.U) Hospital Cardiology Department (CCU-I & CCU-II), Lahore, from February 2020 to June 2020. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection.Participants: A random sample of 300 cardiac patients was included in the study. Patient records, food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recall was used to solicit information about demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical measurements; dietary intake parameters; and CVD risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. Results: Men CVD patients had higher BMI (33.43 kg/m2 vs. 28.69 kg/m2) and higher prevalence of hypertension (81.1% vs. 59%), hypercholesterolemia (82.4% vs. 54.5%) and smoked more cigarettes (72.6% vs. 9%) as compared to women while there was higher prevalence of diabetes among women as compared to men (59% vs. 29.4%). There were 85% women vs. 80% men consuming white bread, while half of the men reported using meat daily, as compared to only 16.6% women. There were 51.5% women and 17% men who reported consuming fruits and vegetables daily. There were 40% men and 16% women who reported consuming soft drinks. Conclusion: The study showed significant sex differences in the nutritional status and risk factors of patients with CVD.
Keywords
Cardiovascular Diseases; Sex differences; Pakistani; Dietary intake patterns
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Dietetics and Nutrition
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
