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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0121.v1

Factors Modulating COVID-19: A Mechanistic Understanding Based on the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework

Laure-Alix Clerbaux, Maria Cristina Albertini, Núria Amigó, Anna Beronius, Gillina F.G. Bezemer, Sandra Coecke, Evangelos P. Daskalopoulos, Giusy Del Giudice, Dario Greco, Lucia Grenga, Alberto Mantovani, Amalia Muñoz, Elma Omeragic, Nikolaos Parissis, Mauro Petrillo, Laura A. Saarimäki, Helena Soares, Kristie Sullivan, Brigitte Landesmann

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 infection; COVID-19; modulating factors; Adverse Outcome Pathway; sex; age; co-morbidities; lifestyle; environment; pre-existing conditions

Online: 8 June 2022 (09:47:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0219.v1

Intragenic Duplication of DMRT1 in a SRY-Negative Boy with 46,XX Disorder of Sex Development

Veronica Bertini, Fulvia Baldinotti, Nina Tyutyusheva, Camillo Rosano, Cinzia Cosini, Adelaide Maria Caligo, Diego Peroni, Angelo Valetto, Silvano Bertelloni

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: 46,XX disorder of sex development; SRY-negative male; Testis determination; DMRT1; DMRT1 duplication

Online: 14 December 2021 (07:58:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0119.v1

CO-St (COVID 19- study): impact of the management of men versus women in the treatment of Covid 19. A Multi-Centric Observational study

Tiziana Ciarambino, filomena pietrantonio, Sara Rotunno, Alessandra Fiorentini, Rosalba Cipriani, Giuseppe Campagna, Giuseppe Straface, Eleonora Pistella, mauro giordano, Francesco Rosiello, Orazio Valerio Giannico, federica lorenzi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; gender role; sex differences

Online: 4 August 2021 (15:30:46 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0380.v2

Considerations and Challenges for Sex-Aware Drug Repurposing

Jennifer Fisher, Emma Jones, Victoria Flanary, Avery Williams, Elizabeth Ramsey, Brittany Lasseigne

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: sex differences; drug repurposing; sex-bias; sex-aware; review; therapeutics; pharmaceuticals; computational drug repurposing

Online: 8 March 2022 (10:34:42 CET)

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Sex differences are essential factors in disease etiology and manifestation in many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration (1). The biological influence of sex differences (including genomic, epigenetic, hormonal, immunological, and metabolic differences between males and females) and the lack of biomedical studies considering sex differences in their study design has led to several policies. For example, the National Institute of Health’s (NIH) sex as a biological variable (SABV) and Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER)) policies to motivate researchers to consider sex differences (2). However, drug repurposing, a promising alternative to traditional drug discovery by identifying novel uses for FDA-approved drugs, lacks sex-aware methods that can improve the identification of drugs that have sex-specific responses (1,3–5). Sex-aware drug repurposing methods either select drug candidates that are more efficacious in one sex or deprioritize drug candidates based on if they are predicted to cause a sex-bias adverse event (SBAE), unintended therapeutic effects that are more likely to occur in one sex. Computational drug repurposing methods are encouraging approaches to develop for sex-aware drug repurposing because they can prioritize sex-specific drug candidates or SBAEs at lower cost and time than traditional drug discovery. Sex-aware methods currently exist for clinical, genomic, and transcriptomic information (3,6,7). They have not expanded to other data types, such as DNA variation, which has been beneficial in other drug repurposing methods that do not consider sex (8). Additionally, some sex-aware methods suffer from poorer performance because a disproportionate number of male and female samples are available to train computational methods (3). However, there is development potential for several different categories (i.e., data mining, ligand binding predictions, molecular associations, and networks). Low-dimensional representations of molecular association and network approaches are also especially promising candidates for future sex-aware drug repurposing methodologies because they reduce the multiple hypothesis testing burden and capture sex-specific variation better than the other methods (9,10). Here we review how sex influences drug response, the current state of drug repurposing including with respect to sex-bias drug response, and how model organism study design choices influence drug repurposing validation.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0347.v1

Strain, Sex, and Time Dependent Antidepressant-like Effects of Cannabidiol

Gabriela Pandini Silote, Michelle C. Gatto, Amanda Eskelund, Francisco S. Guimarães, Gregers Wegener, Sâmia R. L. Joca

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Cannabidiol; S-Ketamine; Sex; Mice strain; Flinders Sensitive Line rats; Tail suspension test; Forced Swim Test.

Online: 25 October 2021 (12:32:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0163.v1

Urinary Equol is Associated with Bioavailable Testosterone but not Total Testosterone in Women

Hong-li Dong, Feng Xiong, Qing-wei Zhong, Yi-hong Li, Meng Liu, Wen-hua Ling, Xin-yi Tang, Yu-ming Chen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: equol; bioavailable testosterone; total testosterone; sex hormone-binding globulin

Online: 17 June 2019 (10:53:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0545.v1

Barriers and Assistance for Female Leaders in Academic STEM in the US

Laura McCullough

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: gender; academic; STEM; leadership; barriers; assistance

Online: 23 July 2020 (10:06:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0178.v1

A Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals New Genes in a Molecular Network Associated With Alcohol Dependence and Related Clinical Measures

Anastasia Levchenko, Sergey Malov, Alexey Antonik, Anastasia Protsvetkina, Kseniya V. Rybakova, Alexander Kanapin, Alexey N. Yakovlev, Anna Y. Nenasteva, Anton E. Nikolishin, Nikolay Cherkasov, Natalia A. Chuprova, Anna S. Blagonravova, Angelica V. Sergeeva, Tatyana V. Zhilyaeva, Maria K. Denisenko, Raul R. Gainetdinov, Alexander O. Kibitov, And Evgeny M. Krupitsky

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: alcohol dependence; comorbidity; gene network; genome-wide association study; sex differences

Online: 9 August 2022 (10:35:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0478.v1

Quality of Life: Changes in Self Perception in People with DS who Participate in Laliga Genuine Santander. Self Reports and External Reports

Rocío Camacho, Cristina Castejón-Riber, Francisco Requena, Julio Camacho, Arturo Gallego, Roberto Espejo, Amaranta De Miguel-Rubio, Begoña M. Escribano, Estrella I. Agüera

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Down's Syndrome; perception; quality of life; sport; age; gender; scale

Online: 18 December 2020 (16:17:41 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0002.v1

Air Pollution Exposure as a Relevant Risk Factor for COPD Exacerbations in Male and Female Patients

Miguel Enrique Silva Rodriguez, Patricia Silveyra

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: COPD exacerbation; air pollution; hospital admission; sex differences

Online: 1 October 2021 (10:02:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0295.v1

Sex Differences in Nutritional Status and Associated Risk Factors Among Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd) Patients in Lahore, Pakistan; A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

Amina Faheem, Qaisar Raza, Sanaullah Iqbal, Rakhshanda Batool, Umer Faheem

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases; Sex differences; Pakistani; Dietary intake patterns

Online: 23 May 2022 (10:30:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0403.v1

Are Men Better at Recognizing Emojis than Facial Expressions?

Linda Dalle Nogare, Alice Cerri, Alice Mado Proverbio

Subject: Social Sciences, Cognitive Science Keywords: visual perception; emotion; emoji; emoticon; sex differences; anger; fear; emotional communication; texting

Online: 23 January 2023 (08:43:06 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Characterization, Management, and Epidemiology of Odontogenic Infections: An Analysis of 103 Cases at a Major Regional Medical Center

Ho-Hyun Sun, Wenli Yu, Sally Sun, Sean Lee, Vincent Farhood, Payam Afzali

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: odontogenic infection; dental abscess; head and neck infection; dental epidemiology; racial discrepancy; gender discrepancy

Online: 2 November 2020 (10:33:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0322.v1

Ethnic Differences in Home Related Maternal Stress: Muslim and Jewish Mothers

Diana Saadi, Emanuel Tirosh, Keren Agay-Shay, Izhak Schnell

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Parentalstress; Maternal stress; Heart rate variability as an index of parental stress; Socio-economic; demographic; environmental and gender factors associated with maternal stress

Online: 28 October 2019 (12:06:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0285.v1

Usefulness of a Concept Called Autonomous Selection

Idan S. Solon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: extended evolutionary synthesis; inheritance of acquired characters; stress-induced mutagenesis; fitness-dependent sex; horizontal gene transfer

Online: 25 July 2019 (08:24:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0172.v1

Seeing and Overcoming the Complexities of Intersectionality

Cate Thomas, Colleen MacMillan, Merryn McKinnon, Hayley Torabi, Megan Osmond, Ellen Swavley, Tamzen Armer, Kimberley Doyle

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Accounting And Taxation Keywords: Intersectionality; gender equity; Intersectionality Walk; organisational change; inclusion; strategy; STEMM; diversity

Online: 11 January 2021 (09:48:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0237.v1

Confounding Factors Influencing the Kinetic and the Magnitude of Serological Response Following Administration of BNT162b2

Jean-Louis Bayart, Laure Morimont, Mélanie Closset, Grégoire Wieërs, Tatiana Roy, Vincent Gerin, Marc Elsen, Christelle Eucher, Sandrine Van Eeckhoudt, Nathalie Ausselet, Clara David, François Mullier, Jean-Michel Dogné, Julien Favresse, Jonathan Douxfils

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; vaccine; BNT162b2; antibody, serology; kinetic; age; gender; BMI; blood-group.

Online: 8 June 2021 (13:48:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0498.v1

Adolescents’ Exposure to Online Risks: Gender Disparities and Vulnerabilities Related to Online Behaviors

Elena Savoia, Nigel Walsh Harriman, Max Su, Tyler Cote, Neil Shortland

Subject: Social Sciences, Safety Research Keywords: Online Safety; Online Risk; Online Behaviors; Gender Disparities; High School Students; Social Media

Online: 19 March 2021 (11:15:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0213.v1

Independent Evolution of Sex Chromosomes in Eublepharid Geckos, a Lineage with Environmental and Genotypic Sex Determination

Eleonora Pensabene, Lukáš Kratochvíl, Michail Rovatsos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Gekkota; reptiles; DNA-seq; sex chromosomes; sex determination; qPCR

Online: 5 November 2020 (14:14:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0579.v1

Association between Problematic Internet Use and Sleep Disturbance Among Adolescents: the Role of the Child’s Sex

Jiewen Yang, Yangfeng Guo, Xueying Du, Yi Jiang, Wanxin Wang, Di Xiao, Tian Wang, Ciyong Lu, Lan Guo

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Problematic Internet use, sleep disturbance, sex difference, adolescents

Online: 24 October 2018 (14:15:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0274.v1

Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Validity of the Sexual Harassment Scale in Football Refereeing

Josefa Sánchez, Sara Serrat, Estefanía Castillo, Alberto Nuviala

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: sexual harassment; mobbing; football referee; gender inequality; sport

Online: 9 November 2020 (10:27:35 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0591.v1

Sex Differences in Exercise Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Daniel Rodriguez Bauza, Patricia Silveyra

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: inflammation; atopy; exercise induced asthma; exercise induced bronchoconstriction; sex differences

Online: 27 August 2020 (05:31:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0548.v1

Social Nesting, Animal Welfare and Disease Monitoring

Lydia Giménez-Llort, Virginia Torres-Lista

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: nest-building; social behavior; behavioral monitoring, animal welfare, 3xTg-AD mice; Alzheimer's disease; gender medicine; early-life events; early-life interventions; long-term effects

Online: 22 March 2021 (15:46:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0113.v1

Loneliness and Emancipation: A Multilevel Analysis of the Connection Between Gender Inequality, Loneliness, and Social Isolation in the ISSP 2017

Janosch Schobin

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: gender inequality; loneliness; couples; multilevel analysis

Online: 8 March 2022 (02:04:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0302.v1

Gender Matters: Climate Change, Gender Bias, and Women's Farming in the Global South and North

Tricia Glazebrook, Samantha Noll, Emmanuela Opoku

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: Africa/Ghana; climate change; farming/farmers; food security; gender inequality; global South/North; hunger; justice; land

Online: 24 June 2020 (14:31:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0187.v1

Comparing Gender Diversity in the Process of Higher Education Expansion among Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and the UK for SDG4-Education 2030

Dian-Fu Chang, Wen-Ching Chou, Tien-Li Chen

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: GDP per capita; Gender parity index (GPI); higher education expansion; trend analysis; gross enrollment ratio (GER)

Online: 12 July 2022 (09:37:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0093.v1

Polypharmacy Management in a Gender Perspective: at the Heart of The Problem. Analysis of Major Cardiac Diseases, Sars-Cov-2 Affection and Gender in a Cohort of Patients in Internal Medicine Ward

Filomena Pietrantonio, Angela Ciamei, Antonio Vinci, Tiziana Ciarambino, Elena Alessi, Matteo Pascucci, Michela Delli Castelli, Silvia Zito, Simona Sanguedolce, Marianna Rainone, Jacopo Di Lorenzo, Fabio Vinci, Giulia Laurelli, Claudia Di Iorio, Roberto Corsi, Serafino Ricci, Alessandra Di Berardino, Matteo Ruggeri, Francesco Rosiello

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Polypharmacy management, COVID -19, Gender medicine, economic perspective

Online: 7 September 2022 (02:29:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0633.v1

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): A Mini Review of Lipid Profile, Blood Glucose, and Ovarian Histological Improvements

Syawany Wahid, Muhammad Danial Che Ramli, Ezza Fazleen Mohd Fathil, Muhammad Naim Rosli, Mohd Helmy Mokhtar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Reproductive Medicine Keywords: natural products; polycystic ovarian syndrome; lipid profile; sex hormone; blood glucose

Online: 11 July 2023 (05:19:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0056.v2

Women’s Participation in Leadership Roles in a Single Canadian Paramedic Service

Justin Mausz, Sarah Salvis, Dominique Arseneau-Bruneau, Elizabeth Donnelly

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: Emergency Medical Services; paramedics; gender; diversity

Online: 15 February 2023 (04:34:52 CET)

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Introduction: Like other public safety professions, paramedicine has historically been a male-dominated occupation, both in the demography of its workforce and in its organizational culture. Although women are increasingly choosing paramedicine as a career, participation in leadership roles remains limited. Drawing on data from a recent comprehensive mental health survey, we describe the proportion of women in leadership in a single, large, urban paramedic service in Ontario, Canada. Methods: We distributed an in-person, paper-based survey during the fall 2019 - winter 2020 Continuing Medical Education (CME) sessions. Participating paramedics completed a demographic questionnaire alongside a battery of mental health screening tools. We assessed the demography of the workforce and explored differences in employment classification, provider level (e.g., primary vs. advanced care), and participation in formal leadership roles along self-reported gender lines. Results: Out of 607 paramedics attending CME, we received 600 completed surveys, with 11 excluded for missing data, leaving 589 for analysis and a 97% response rate. Women comprised 40% of the active-duty paramedic workforce, with an average of 8 years of experience. Compared to men, women were more than twice as likely to have a university degree (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.02), but almost half as likely to practice at the Advanced Care Paramedic level (OR 0.61), and somewhat less likely to be employed full-time (OR 0.77). Women were nearly 70% less likely to hold a leadership role in the service compared to men (OR 0.36), occupying just 20% of leadership positions. Conclusion: Although paramedicine is witnessing an encouraging shift in the demography of its workforce with greater participation from women, there is still work to be done, particularly in leadership. Future research should focus on identifying and ameliorating barriers to career advancement among women and other historically underrepresented people.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0120.v1

Relationship between Adolescent Students' Motivation in Respect to the Use of Tablets in the Classroom and Sustainable Development Goals 4, 5 and 9

David Mendez, Miriam Mendez, Juana María Anguita

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals; Self-Determination Theory; Motivation; Tablet; Gender

Online: 7 May 2021 (08:12:53 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Perceived Factors of Stress and its Outcomes among Hotel Housekeepers in The Balearic Islands: A Qualitative Approach from a Gender Perspective

Xènia Chela-Alvarez, Oana Bulilete, M. Esther García-Buades, Victoria A. Ferrer Pérez, and Joan Llobera-Canaves

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: hotel housekeepers; stress; occupational health; job demands-resources model; qualitative research; work- life balance; gender perspective.

Online: 19 November 2020 (15:11:33 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0040.v1

The Comparative Analysis of the DNA Repeat Composition among Cannabis Sativa L., Humulus Lupulus L. And Humulus Japonicus Siebold & Zucc. With Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes

Julia V. Bocharkina, Oleg S. Alexandrov, Olga V. Razumova, Gennady I. Karlov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Cannabis sativa L.; Humulus lupulus L.; Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc.; sex chromosomes; DNA repeats; transposons; genome sequencing

Online: 3 December 2021 (09:25:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0272.v1

Gender Differences in Psychological Symptoms and Psychotherapeutic Processes in Japanese Children

Toshio Kawai, Yuka Suzuki, Chihiro Hatanaka, Hiasae Konakawa, Yasuhiro Tanaka, Aya Uchida

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Gender Differences; Tic disorder; Selective Mutism; Trichotillomania; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Aggression

Online: 13 October 2020 (10:45:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0571.v1

Critical Examination using Business Intelligence on the Gender Gap in Information Technology in Brazil

Erica L. Gallindo, Hobson A. Cruz, Mário W. L. Moreira

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: Business intelligence; gender gap; information technology.

Online: 24 May 2021 (13:31:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0423.v1

Sensory-processing Sensitivity and Pathways to Depression and Aggression: The Mediating Role of Trait Emotional Intelligence and Decision-making Style. A Pilot Study.

Nikola Drndarevic, Sonja Protic, Jose M Mestre

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: sensory-processing sensitivity; depression; agression; emotional intelligence; decision-making style; gender differences

Online: 23 November 2021 (14:07:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0631.v1

The Problem of Rural Depopulation in Spain. Towards a Sustainable, Person-Centred Model of Repopulation

Miguel Osorio García de Oteyza, Ana Gutierrez Sanchis, Jorge Conde Lopez

Subject: Social Sciences, Geography, Planning And Development Keywords: Rural territory; Spain; people; repopulation model; gender; immigration

Online: 10 July 2023 (12:08:43 CEST)

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For the first time in human history the majority of people no longer live in a rural environment. According to the United Nations, over 50% of the global population now lives in cities. The abandonment of the rural environment has grave consequences for society in general, as these areas are healthier places to live, produce the food we all depend on, and are an important factor for preserving biodiversity and environmental sustainability. In this paper we will provide a historical overview of rural repopulation models and analyse a number of models currently being applied in several countries in Europe and Latin America. We will also offer observations on a pilot repopulation project called “Habita Tierra” currently being developed. The common characteristics of different repopulation models prompted us to develop a model based on active listening and accompaniment of people and local agents as well as other important factors. Rural depopulation in Spain involves a number of interrelated problems, one of the most salient being the aging rural population. The average farmer in Spain is 61 years of age. There is also the problem of gender imbalance in rural areas, where women enjoy few opportunities or alternatives. In turn, low fertility rates, increasing stress on limited public healthcare, education and transpor-tation resources, a lack of cultural activities and poor connectivity are also factors driving rural depopulation. The only group which is increasing the rural areas in Spain are immigrants, who now account for 10% of the rural population, often performing the agricultural, fishing and livestock farming ac-tivities abandoned by native residents. This group, along with young people, and women of all ages and the programs which support them may offer a solution to the challenge of depopulation. The paper concludes with a list of the key features of successful repopulation programs, drawn from a comparison of historic and contemporary models.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0078.v1

How Would Different Types of Negative Life Events Predict Adolescents’ Suicidal Ideation ? - an Empirical Study Based on the Western Region of China

Moye Xin, Xueyan Yang, Kun Liu

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Accounting And Taxation Keywords: Negative life events; Suicidal ideation; Suicidalogy; Adolescents; Gender difference

Online: 4 March 2021 (15:56:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0309.v1

Gender Based Comparison and Effects of Multi-Year Physical Exercise Program on Motor Skills in Preschool Children

Kristian Plazibat, Josip Karuc, Tihomir Vidranski

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: sex differences; fundamental motor skill; motor skills; physical activity; exercise effects; pediatrics

Online: 14 August 2021 (14:45:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0169.v1

Girls Outperform Boys in Early Syntactic Development? Negative Evidence from Mandarin-Speaking Preschoolers

Nga Yui Tong, Hui Li

Subject: Social Sciences, Language And Linguistics Keywords: sex differences; syntactic development; Mandarin-speaking children

Online: 14 February 2022 (09:19:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0593.v1

Sex-Specific Differences in Toxicity Following Systemic Paclitaxel Treatment and Localized Cardiac Radiotherapy

Nicole Chmielewski Stivers, Benoit Petit, Jonathan Ollivier, Virginie Monceau, Pelagia Tsoutsou, Ana Quintela Pousa, Xiaoming Lin, Charles Limoli, Marie-Catherine Vozenin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: chemotherapy; radiotherapy; sex-specificity

Online: 24 June 2021 (08:47:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0528.v1

Short-Term Cumulative Exposure to Ambient Traffic-Related Black Carbon and Blood Pressure: MMDA Traffic Enforcers’ Health Study

Zypher Jude G. Regencia, Godofreda V. Dalmacion, Antonio D. Ligsay, Emmanuel S. Baja

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: black carbon; systolic blood pressure; diastolic blood pressure; sex; obesity; traffic enforcers

Online: 30 September 2021 (16:08:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0420.v1

Normative scores for CrossFit® Open Workouts: 2011 - 2022

Gerald T. Mangine, Nina Grundlingh, Yuri Feito

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: fitness assessment; sport-specific; athlete classification; high-intensity functional training; sex differences

Online: 22 December 2022 (06:34:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0310.v1

Translating the Biology of Rodents’ Sex-Recognition and Mate-Recognition to Humans’: Bridging the Pheromonal-Visual Gap

Yehuda Salu

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: Sex-recognition; mate-recognition; sexual orientation; puberty; vomeronasal-organ; VNO; learning sexual behavior; Medial-geniculate-nucleus; MGN; MASH

Online: 24 February 2022 (10:06:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0074.v1

The Effects of Age, Gender, and Control Device in a Virtual-Reality Driving Simulation

Wen-Te Chang

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Philosophy Keywords: VR; aging effect; gender difference; control device; wayfinding strategy

Online: 5 May 2020 (11:32:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0075.v1

Use of Antiandrogens as Therapeutic Agents in COVID-19 Patients

Efstathios S. Giotis, Emine Cil, Greg N. Brooke

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: coronavirus; TMPRSS2; ACE2; SARS-CoV-2; androgens; sex hormones; antiandrogens

Online: 3 November 2022 (09:21:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0233.v1

Analysis of Research on the Sdgs: The Relationship between Climate Change, Poverty and Inequality.

María del Carmen Pérez-Peña, Mercedes Jiménez-García, Jose Ruiz-Chico, Antonio Rafael Peña-Sánchez

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: Food security; agriculture; health; Sustainable Development Goals; 2030 agenda; gender studies

Online: 10 August 2021 (12:35:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0394.v1

Insight Into the Organizational Culture and Challenges Faced by Women STEM Leaders in Africa

Olubukola Oluranti Babalola, Yvonne du Plessis, Sunday Samson Babalola

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Accounting And Taxation Keywords: academic institution; career progression; gender imbalance; glass ceiling; professionals

Online: 17 February 2021 (13:30:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0110.v1

Effects of Sex and 17β-Estradiol on Cardiac Fibroblast Morphology and Signaling Activities in vitro

Kelsey Watts, Will Richardson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: cardiac fibroblasts; sex-specific; estrogen; fibrosis; heart failure

Online: 6 September 2021 (17:24:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0384.v1

Clinical and Evolutionary Features of SARS Cov-2 Infection (COVID-19) in Children, A Romanian Perspective

George Jugulete, Daniela Pacurar, Mirela Luminita Pavelescu, Mihaela Safta, Elena Gheorghe, Bianca Borcos, Carmen Pavelescu, Mihaela Oros, Madalina Merisescu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; children; clinical features; comorbidities; male genderSARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, children, clinical features, comorbidities, male gender

Online: 26 July 2022 (04:43:02 CEST)

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Background: Given the potential for additional development to clarify a better knowledge of the overall impact of COVID-19 on the pediatric population, the clinical symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents are still being explored. Morbidity in children is characterized by a variable clinical course. Our study's goal was to compare clinical aspects of 230 pediatric patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and were hospitalized between April 2020 and March 2022. Methods: In a retrospective analysis, we compared two groups hospitalized in the infectious diseases clinical ward IX at the National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Bals," Bucharest, Romania. The first group of 88 patients was admitted between (April–December 2020) and their clinical manifestations were compared with the second group of 142 children followed between July 2021 and March 2022. Results: Of 230 children, the median age was 4.5 (interquartile range 0.6-17) years, 53.9% were male. 88 (36.21%) patients (first group) were admitted during the second wave in Romania, mostly aged < 5 years old, and experienced digestive manifestations like fever (p=0.001), and diarrhoea (p=0.004). The second group experienced different clinical signs when compared with the first group, with higher temperature and increased respiratory symptoms analogous to those of acute respiratory viral infections. The proportion in the second group increased, and 64.5% had symptoms for a median interval of 5 days; age (0-4 -years old) and length of stay were both proportionally inversely (p<0.01) and with correlation with hospital admission (p = 0.04). We report two Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS) in the second group, with favourable evolution under treatment. Comorbidities were risk factors for complications appear (p < 0.001) in both groups. All paediatric cases admitted to our clinic evolved favourably and no death was recorded. Conclusions: In the first group children experienced digestive symptoms, whereas the second group experienced mild and moderate respiratory symptoms. We confirmed risk factors for severe cases as manifestations across the age spectrum, 0-4 (digestive symptoms) and 5-12 years old (for respiratory symptoms), associated comorbidities, fever, and male gender. The potential effects of COVID-19 infection in children older than 5 years should encourage caregivers to vaccinate and improve the prognosis among pediatric patients at risk.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0234.v1

Alcohol Dependence Induces CRF Sensitivity in Female Central Amygdala GABA Synapses

Larry Rodriguez, Dean Kirson, Sarah A. Wolfe, Reesha R. Patel, Florence P. Varodayan, Angela E. Snyder, Pauravi J. Gandhi, Sophia Khom, Roman Vlkolinksy, Michal Bajo, Marisa Roberto

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: corticotropin releasing factor (CRF); patch-clamp electrophysiology; sex difference; alcohol use disorder (AUD); Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA); central amygdala (CeA); spontaneous inhibitory post synaptic currents (sIPSCs)

Online: 16 June 2022 (08:41:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0457.v1

Body Mass Index and Birth Weight Improve Polygenic Risk Score for Type 2 Diabetes

Avigail Moldovan, Yedael Y. Waldman, Nadav Brandes, Michal Linial

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Body weight; Genetic variations; GWAS; Metabolic disease; Obesity; Sex difference; UK-Biobank

Online: 20 May 2021 (08:55:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1125.v1

Climate Change and Corporate Governance – Did We Get It All Wrong?

Petra FA Dilling, Peter Harris, Sinan Caykoylu

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Business And Management Keywords: climate change; corporate governance, oversight; non-financial reporting, corporate social responsibility (CSR); sustainability; gender diversity; sustainability board committee, r; voluntary disclosure theory; signaling theory; Hofstede’s cultural’s dimensions theory, institutional theory; Gender socialization theory; Resource dependence theory; Upper echelon theory, social innovation theory; Carbon emissions, CSR disclosure

Online: 18 September 2023 (07:11:58 CEST)

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The objective of this study was to identify the factors determining a company’s corporate governance related to climate change. We analyzed the effect of various sustainability corporate governance variables on the disclosure level of climate change governance. These variables included facts such as having a dedicated sustainability executive and board committee, the mediating effect of female representation on the board of directors, number of reporting years according to TCFD, membership in a sustainability index, MSCI ESG rating, the existence of a corporate climate transition plan, a mention of the UN Global Compact and GRI, company location, as well as company size and profitability. By adopting a multi-theoretical framework that included stakeholder theory as well the legitimacy and agency theory, the underlying research study used a sample of 100 of the largest global companies by market capitalization and their reporting for the year 2020. Based on 1,400 observations for fiscal year 2020 and using correlation analysis, univariate and linear multiple regressions, we find a positive association between having a climate transition plan in place, being a leader in sustainability according to MSCI ratings, and being a DJSI constituent and the propensity to disclose information on governance for climate change. In addition, we find a company with a dedicated sustainability executive show an increased tendency to be transparent on climate governance issues. Furthermore, having a company location in a developed country is significantly and positively associated with climate change governance. Surprisingly, gender diversity in the corporate board or having a sustainability board committee did not show any significant correlation between a higher climate change governance level. The same was true for companies being active in either the extractive or non-extractive sector. Companies referring to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) or UN Global Compact also did not score higher in climate change governance. Neither did corporate profitability or size play a significant role. Our results are robust to variations and provide valuable insights for researchers, academics, executives, practitioners as well as regulators. As more and more companies are shifting towards a climate change reporting framework, it is of paramount importance that we are able to determine the contributing variables that lead to effective climate change corporate governance. Our results are inconsistent with stakeholder theory and are strongly suggesting that a diversified board and the existence of a sustainability committee that meets often/sufficiently may not necessarily lead to a higher level of transparency/quality regarding climate change. While more research is needed, knowing that a dedicated sustainability executive as well as having a climate plan in place can make a difference in climate change reporting, can be very beneficial to many corporate stakeholders. Given the current urgent climate change situation and the crucial role that corporation play in it, dedicated sustainability positions and committees need to be established. The findings could be useful for managers as well as governmental standards setter and regulators who are interested in improving corporate practices dealing with climate change. This study applies STATA software with various regression models to empirically test the relationship between CG and other variables and corporate climate change reporting.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0152.v1

Eugenio Martelli, Matilde Zamboni, Giovanni Sotgiu, Laura Saderi, Massimo Federici, Giuseppe Massimo Sangiorgi, Mariangela Valentina Puci, Allegra Rosa Martelli, Teresa Messina, Paolo Frigatti, Maria Pia Borrelli, Carlo Ruotolo, Ilaria Ficarelli, Paolo Rubino, Francesco Pezzo, Luciano Carbonari, Andrea Angelini, Edoardo Galeazzi, Luca Calia Di Pinto, Franco Michelino Fiore, Armado Palmieri, Giorgio Ventoruzzo, Giulia Mazzitelli, Franco Ragni, Antonio Bozzani, Enzo Forliti, Claudio Castagno, Pietro Volpe, Mafalda Massara, Diego Moniaci, Elisa Pagliasso, Tania Peretti, Mauro Ferrari, Nicola Troisi, Pietro Modugno, Maurizio Maiorano, Umberto Marcello Bracale, Marco Panagrosso, Mario Monaco, Giovanni Giordano, Giuseppe Natalicchio, Antonella Biello, Giovanni Maria Celoria, Alessio Amico, Mauro Di Bartolo, Massimiliano Martelli, Roberta Munaó, Davide Razzano, Giovanni Colacchio, Francesco Bussetti, Gaetano Lanza, Antonio Cardini, Bartolomeo Di Benedetto, Mario De Laurentis, Maurizio Taurino, Pasqualino Sirignano, Pierluigi Cappiello, Andrea Esposito, Santi Trimarchi, Silvia Romagnoli, Andrea Padricelli, Giorgio Giudice, Adolfo Crinisio, Giovanni Di Nardo, Giuseppe Battaglia, Rosario Tringale, Salvatore De Vivo, Rita Compagna, Valerio Stefano Tolva, Ilenia D'Alessio, Ruggiero Curci, Simona Giovannetti, Giuseppe D'Arrigo, Giusi Basile, Dalmazio Frigerio, Gian Franco Veraldi, Luca Mezzetto, Arnaldo Ippoliti, Fabio Massimo Oddi, Alberto Maria Settembrini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Hematology Keywords: chronic limb-threatening ischemia; outcome; sex; age; limb salvage

Online: 8 December 2022 (09:39:30 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

National Versus Local Sustainable Development Plans and Island Priorities in Sanitation: Examples From the Kingdom of Tonga

Ian White, Tony Falkland, Taaniela Kula

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: sustainable development strategies; community development plans; small island developing states; governance; sanitation; water supply; hygiene; WASH; census results; top-down versus bottom-up; gender and age; SDG6

Online: 23 October 2020 (12:13:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0185.v1

De Novo Assembly and Annotation of 11 Diverse Shrub Willow (Salix) Genomes Reveals Novel Gene Organization in Sex-Linked Regions

Brennan Hyden, Kai Feng, Timothy B Yates, Sara Jawdy, Chelsea Cereghino, Lawrence B Smart, Wellington Muchero

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Salix; shrub willow; genome assembly; sex determination

Online: 12 December 2022 (01:46:15 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1747.v1

Investing in Maternal Health: Economic Benefits and Policy Implications

Salvatore La Barbera

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: healthcare; maternal health; gender disparities

Online: 26 July 2023 (05:53:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0638.v1

Global Trends in Child Obesity: Are Figures Converging?

María A. González-Álvarez, Angelina Lázaro-Alquézar, María Blanca Simón-Fernández

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Accounting And Taxation Keywords: BMI, Child Obesity; Convergence; Clubs; Gender differences

Online: 25 November 2020 (12:52:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.2085.v1

Factors Influencing Purchase Intention of Organic Food among Individuals with Chronic Diseases

Yam B. Limbu, Christopher McKinley, P. Ganesan, Tianfu Wang, Junzhou Zhang

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Marketing Keywords: organic food knowledge; attitude toward organic food purchase; subjective norm; organic food purchase intention; organic food purchase self-efficacy; gender; education

Online: 30 August 2023 (12:05:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0436.v1

DNA Environment of Centromeres and Non-homologous Chromosomes Interactions in Mouse

Victor Spangenberg, Losev Michail, Volkhin Ilya, Svetlana Smirnova, Nikitin Pavel, Oxana Kolomiets

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Prophase I of meiosis; chromatin; synaptonemal complex; chromosome; satellite DNA; chromocenter; nuclear architecture; MSCI; sex chromosomes; interactions of non-homologous chromosomes; chromatin silencing

Online: 23 November 2021 (15:58:17 CET)

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Pericentromeric regions of chromosomes enriched in tandemly repeated satellite DNA although representing a significant part of eukaryotic genomes are still understudied mainly due to interdisciplinary knowledge gaps. Recent studies suggest their important role in genome regulation, karyotype stability and evolution. Thus, the idea of satellite DNA as a junk part of the genome was refuted. Integration of data about molecular composition, chromosome behaviour and details of in situ organization of pericentromeric regions is of great interest. The objective of this work was a cytogenetic analysis of the interactions of pericentromeric regions non-homologous chromosomes in mouse spermatocytes using immuno-FISH. We analysed two events: the associations between cerntomeric regions of X chromosome and autosomes, and associations between centromeric regions of autosomal bivalents forming chromocenters. We conclude that X chromosome form temporary synaptic associations with different autosomes in early meiotic prophase I which normally can be found at pachytene-diplotene without signs of pachytene arrest. These associations are formed between the satellite DNA-enriched centomeric regions of X chromosome and different autosomes but not involve the satellite-poor centromeric region of Y-chromosome. We suggest the mechanism of X chromosome competitive replacement from such associations during synaptic correction. We showed that centromeric region of the X chromosome remains free of γH2Ax-dependent chromatin inactivation, while Y chromosome is completely inactivated. This findings highlights the predominant role of associations between satellite DNA-enriched regions of different chromosomes including X. We assume that X-autosome temporary associations is a manifestation of an additional synaptic disorders checkpoint. These associations are normally corrected before the late diplotene. We revealed that the intense spreading conditions applied to the spermatocytes I nuclei did not lead to destruction of stretched chromatin fibers i.e. elongated chromocenters enriched in satellite DNA. Revealed by us tight associations between pericentromeric regions of different autosomal bivalents and X chromosome may represent the basis for repeat stability maintenance in autosomes an X chromosome. The consequences of our findings are discussed. We obtained the preparations of mouse spermatocytes nuclei in the meiotic prophase I using two approaches: standard and extremely intense surface spread techniques. Using immuno-FISH we visualized tandemly repeated mouse Major and Minor satellite DNA located in the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes and performed a morphological comparison of the standard- and intensely spreaded meiotic nuclei. Based on our results, we assume the remarkable strength of the chromocenter-mediated associations, “chromatin “bridges”, between different bivalents at the pachytene and diplotene stages. We have demonstrated that the chromocenter “bridges” between the centromeric ends of meiotic bivalents are enriched in both tandemly repeated Major and Minor satellite DNA. Association of centromeric regions of autosomal bivalents and X-chromosome but not with Y-chromosome correlates with the absence of Major and Minor satellites on Y-chromosome. We suggest that revealed tight associations between pericentromeric regions of bivalents may represent the network-like system providing dynamic stability of chromosomal territories, as well as add new data for the hypothesis of ectopic recombination in these regions which supports sequence homogeneity between non-homologous chromosomes and does not contradict the meiotic restrictions imposed by the crossing-over interference near centromeres. We conclude that nuclear architecture in meio-sis may play an essential role in contacts between the non-homologous chromosomes providing the specific characteristics of pericentromeric DNA.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0833.v1

The Price of Human Evolution: Cancer-Testis-Antigens, the Decline in Male Fertility and the Increase in Cancer

Jekaterina Erenpreisa, Ninel M Vainshelbaum, Marija Lazovska, Roberts Karklins, Kristine Salmina, Pawel Zayakin, Felikss Rumnieks, Inna Inashkina, Dace Pjanova, Juris Erenpreiss

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Cancer-testis-antigens; parthenogenetic; polyploid giant cancer cells; PGCCs; genome fragility; phylostratigraphic analysis; innate immunity-placentation; endogenous retroviruses; sex determination; male infertility; endocrine disruption; environmental pollution

Online: 12 June 2023 (12:59:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1334.v1

Interpersonal and Intimate Violence in Mexican Youth: Drug Use, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Silvia Morales Chainé, Gonzalo Bacigalupe, Rebeca Robles García, Alejandra Lopez Montoya, Violeta Felix Romero, Mireya Atzala Imaz Gispert

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: victimizing and perpetrating violence; interpersonal and intimate violence; harmful alcohol and drug use; mental health symptoms; paths of violence; gender

Online: 18 May 2023 (10:46:13 CEST)

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The COVID-19 pandemic may have increased interpersonal and intimate violence, harmful use of alcohol and other drugs (AOD), and mental health problems. The present study uses a valid path model to describe relationships between these conditions of young Mexicans during the second year of the pandemic. A sample of 7,420 young Mexicans ages 18 to 24—two-thirds of whom were women—completed the Life Events Checklist, the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test, the Major-Depressive-Episode Checklist, the Generalized Anxiety Scale, and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist. Young Mexicans reported higher rates of victimization and perpetration of interpersonal and intimate violence and mental health symptomatology than those noted pre-pandemic and in the first year of the pandemic. Harmful use of AOD rates were like those reported by adolescents before. Findings suggested asymmetric victimization and perpetration of intimate violence by gender (with women being at a higher risk than men, p≤.05). More men than women engaged in the harmful use of AOD (except for sedatives, which more women abuse). In contrast, more women than men were at risk of all mental health conditions. The path model indicates that being a victim of intimate violence predicts harmful use of tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, and sedatives, depression, anxiety, and specific PTSD symptoms (such as re-experimentation and avoidance symptoms). Being a victim of interpersonal violence resulted in severe PTSD symptoms (including avoidance, negative alterations in cognition-mood, and hyperarousal signs). Harmful use of sedatives predicted depressive symptoms. Men´s victimizing intimate violence model contrasted with that of women, which also included being the victim of interpersonal violence and severe PTSD symptoms. The high school youth model had three paths -victimizing-intimate violence, victimizing-interpersonal abuse, and sedative use, which predicted depression. The findings of this study could serve as the basis for future studies exploring mechanisms that predict violence patterns to develop the most cost-effective preventive programs and public policies and to address mental health conditions during community emergencies.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0599.v1

Barriers to Access of Healthcare Services for Rural Women – Applying Gender Lens on TB in a Rural District of Sindh, Pakistan

Shifa Salman Habib, Wafa Zehra Jamal, Syed Muhammad Asad Zaidi, Junaid ur-Rehman Siddiqui, Hira Mustafa Khan, Jacob Creswell, Srichand Batra, Anna Versfeld

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: tuberculosis; patriarchy; gender barriers; women

Online: 27 July 2021 (11:19:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0116.v2

Frail Males on the American Frontier: The Role of Environmental Harshness on Sex Ratios at Birth Across a Period of Rapid Industrialization

Ryan Schacht, Mike Hollingshaus, Heidi Hanson, Tim Bruckner, Shane J Macfarlan, Douglas Tharp, Ken R Smith

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: sex ratio; prenatal stress; demography; ecological stress

Online: 6 April 2021 (14:57:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0333.v1

The nonspecific effects of COVID-19 vaccination upon non-COVID-19 all-cause mortality (NCACM) in the population of England: Effects of age, sex, COVID-19 variant, vaccination history, and time in a real-world study from Jan-21 to May-23

Rodney P Jones, Andrey Ponomarenko

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: COVID–19; vaccination; all-cause mortality; age; gender; complex system; pathogen interference; seasonality; miRNAs; negative vaccine effectiveness; nonspecific vaccine effects

Online: 4 January 2024 (07:32:40 CET)

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All vaccines exhibit specific and nonspecific effects. Specific effects are shown by the efficacy against the target pathogen, while nonspecific effects can be detected by the change in all-cause mortality. The real-world non-COVID-19 all-cause mortality (NCACM) data for the population of England between January 2021 and May 2023 was assessed. All vaccines administered were based on the original Wuhan antigen. Each gender and age group, along with COVID-19 variant shows its own unique NCACM vaccination benefit/disbenefit time profile. The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination against COVID-19 disease/death per se is undisputed, however, the nonspecific outcomes of COVID–19 vaccination is far more nuanced than have been widely appreciated. This confirms an earlier study on the unanticipated nonspecific effects of influenza vaccination against all-cause winter mortality. Interestingly, a high proportion of NCACM beneficial effects occurred during the first 21 days following COVID-19 vaccination, while the worst example of increased NCACM occurred during the fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccination in 19–40-year-olds for the interval >21 days post vaccination which led to NCACM 3- to 10-times higher than in the unvaccinated. By the time of the Omicron variant, NCACM outcomes in those aged 90+ are mostly adverse. The beneficial nonspecific effects of COVID-19 vaccination increase with age and reach their maximum effect during the second week post vaccination for age groups below 50 years, rising to during the third week for those aged 70+. Finally, we discuss the mechanisms by which COVID-19 vaccination could induce wider nonspecific effects. Most of these mechanisms seem to depend on gene regulation by noncoding RNAs which also interact with mRNAs. We suggest that further international studies are required to discern the nonspecific NCACM effects of the different COVID-19 variants other than the three variants prevalent in the UK, and different types/manufacturer of COVID-19 vaccines which have been employed around the world. We can only speculate regarding the nonspecific effects of the COVID-19 vaccines administered to persons with an asymptomatic infection, and during vaccine waning. Vaccines not only need to be effective against the target pathogen, as primarily determined by antibody production, but need to minimize any unanticipated adverse nonspecific effects against all-cause mortality.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0264.v1

Timothy Gustavo Cavazzotto, Natã Gomes de Lima Stavinski, Marcos Roberto Queiroga, Michael Pereira da Silva, Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino, Helio Serassuelo Junior, Edgar Ramos Vieira

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: exercise; marriage; sedentary behavior; gender; age groups; behavioral risk factors surveillance system

Online: 15 November 2021 (13:44:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0911.v1

Age Profiles for SARS-CoV-2 Variants in England and Wales and States of the USA (2020 to 2022): Impact on All-Cause Mor-Tality

Rodney P Jones, Andrey Ponomarenko

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID–19; all-cause mortality; single year of age; gender; complex system; pathogen interference; seasonality; small RNAs

Online: 12 May 2023 (09:01:29 CEST)

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Since 2020 COVID-19 has caused serious mortality around the world. Given the ambiguity in es-tablishing COVID-19 as the direct cause of death we first investigate the effects of age and sex upon all-cause mortality during 2020 and 2021 in England and Wales. Since infectious agents have their own unique age profile for death, we explore several methods to adjust single year of age deaths in England and Wales during 2019 (the pre-COVID-19 base year) to a pathogen-neutral single year of age baseline. This adjusted base year is then used to confirm the widely reported higher deaths in males for most ages above 43 years in both 2020 and 2021. During 2020 (+ COVID-19 but no vac-cination) both male and female population-adjusted deaths were significantly increased above age 35. A significant reduction in all-cause mortality among both males and females aged 75+ could be demonstrated in 2021 during widespread COVID–19 vaccination, however, below age 75 deaths progressively increased. This finding arises from a mix of vaccination and year of age profiles of deaths for the different SARS-CoV-2 variants. In addition, specific effects for age around puberty were demonstrated where females had higher deaths rather than males. There is evidence that year-of-birth cohorts may also be involved, indicating that immune priming to specific pathogen outbreaks in the past may lead to lower deaths for some birth cohorts. To specifically identify the age profile for the COVID-19 variants in 2020 to 2023, we employ the proportion of total deaths at each age which are potentially due to or ‘with’ COVID-19. The original Wuhan strain, and the Alpha variant show somewhat limited divergence in the age profile with the Alpha variant shifted to a moderately higher proportion of deaths below age 84. The Delta variant specifically targeted persons below age 65. The Omicron variants showed significantly lower proportion of overall mortality, with markedly higher relative proportion of deaths above age 65 steeply increasing with age to a maximum around 100 years of age. A similar age profile for the variants can be seen in the age-banded deaths in US states – although slightly obscured by using age bands rather than single year of age. However, the US data shows that higher male deaths are greatly dependent on age and the COVID-variant. Deaths determined as ‘due to’ COVID-19 (as opposed to ‘involving’ COVID-19) in England and Wales were especially over-estimated in 2021 relative to the change in all-cause mortality. This arose as a by-product of an increase in COVID-19 testing capacity in late 2020. Potential structure-function mechanisms for the year of age specificity of SARS-CoV-2 var-iants are discussed. The question is posed as to whether vaccines based on different variants carry the specific age profile through into the vaccine.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0409.v1

Are There Sex Differences in Self-Reported Childhood Maltreatment in Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorders? A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Daniela Caldirola, Tatiana Torti, Francesco Cuniberti, Silvia Daccò, Alessandra Alciati, Koen Schruers, Giovanni Martinotti, Domenico De Berardis, Giampaolo Perna

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: childhood trauma; major depressive disorder; bipolar disorder; sex difference; age

Online: 31 May 2022 (03:39:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0367.v1

Self-Efficacy for Sustainable Gender Equality Practice in STEM Teacher Education in Spain and Greece

Cristina Miralles-Cardona, Ioanna Kitta

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: Sustainable gender equality; self-efficacy; gender mainstreaming; STEM higher education; STEM student teachers’ perceptions; scale validation, Spain, Creece

Online: 21 November 2022 (03:38:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0165.v1

Computed Tomographic Features of Thymus Gland in Dogs: Correlation with Age, Gender, Breed and Body Fat Content

Mohammad Molazem, Sarang Soroori, Alireza Bahonar, Saghar Karimi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Computed tomography, Thymus Gland, Dog, Age, Gender, Breed, Body Fat

Online: 4 May 2023 (02:59:54 CEST)

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: Background: The thymus gland is the first lymphoid organ formed to regulate a newborn's immunity. It reaches its maximum size during puberty, after which it undergoes an atrophic procedure called involution, but its ability to grow again in response to some stresses, such as infections, neoplasia, surgeries, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy is maintained. There is not any comprehensive study on computed tomographic features of thymus gland in dogs. So, the goal of the present study is to achieve some information about thymus gland using computed tomography as a non-invasive method. Methods: One hundred and fifty dogs classified in 5 age groups and 2 breed groups were entered to this study and the thymus gland was evaluated using 2-slice computed tomography machine. The inclusion criteria for the present study were having normal complete blood count, plain and post-contrast CT scan examination of thoracic region and no history of neoplasia, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The visibility, density, enhancement, grade, size, volume, shape, borders and lateralization of the thymus were evaluated and statistical analysis were performed. The effect of obesity on thymic grade and volume were also investigated. Results: The visibility, density, dorsal length, volume and grade decreased with increasing age. The thymic shape and lateralization were mostly wedge-shaped and left sided respectively. The borders became concave with aging and increasing body fat content caused to increase fatty degeneration of thymus. Conclusions: Declining of thymic density, grade, size and volume with aging was related to thymic involution and fatty degeneration was accelerated by increasing body fat content. Females and Males were different only in thymic shape and small and large breeds were different only in thymic volume. The thymus was visible in some geriatric dogs with no underlying disease. We hope that the present work can be used by radiologists in reading thoracic computed tomography but investigation of thymic characteristics in dogs with neoplasia and history of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and thoracic surgeries can complete this study.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0687.v1

Does Sex Dimorphism Exist in Dysfunctional Movement Patterns During the Sensitive Period of Adolescence?

Josip Karuc, Mario Jelčić, Maroje Sorić, Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković, Goran Markovic

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: FMSTM; functional movement screen; pubescence; maturation; fundamental movement patterns; functional movement; gender difference

Online: 27 November 2020 (12:46:43 CET)

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Working Paper BRIEF REPORT

Experiences of being a Couple and Working by Shifts in the Mining Industry: Continuities

jimena silva, Pablo Zuleta, Estefany Castillo, Tarut Segovia-Chinga

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: couple; shift work; gender; Chile

Online: 5 January 2021 (17:12:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0377.v1

Calibrating A Comprehensive Immune Age Metric to Analyze the Cross Sectional Age-Related Decline in Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Peter Bröde, Maren Claus, Patrick D. Gajewski, Stephan Getzmann, Klaus Golka, Jan G. Hengstler, Edmund Wascher, Carsten Watzl

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: aging; immunosenescence; physical fitness; physical activity; obesity; sex

Online: 26 September 2022 (05:00:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1416.v1

Vascular Diseases In Women. Do women suffer from them differently?

Katalin Farkas, Agata Stanek, Stephanie Zbinden, Barbara Borea, Simina Ciurica, Vanessa Moore, Peggy Maguire, Maria Teresa B. Abola, Elaine B Alajar, Antonella Marcoccia, Dilek Erer, Ana I. Casanegra, Hiva Sharebiani, Muriel Sprynger, Maryam Kavousi, Mariella Catalano

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Women; Vascular diseases; Risk factors; Gender differences

Online: 18 January 2024 (12:31:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0626.v1

Adolescents, Ambivalent Sexism and Social Networks, A Conditioning Factor in the Healthcare of Women

Jose Luis Gil Bermejo, Cinta Martos Sanchez, Octavio Vazquez Aguado, Esperanza Begoña García Navarro

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Accounting And Taxation Keywords: Sexism; social networks; adolescence; digital gender gap, emotional well-being

Online: 23 April 2021 (10:01:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0021.v1

Excess Winter Mortality (EWM) as a Dynamic Forensic Tool: Where, When, Which Conditions, Gender, Ethnicity and Age

Rodney P Jones

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: excess winter mortality; influenza; latitude; gender; age; respiratory conditions; spatiotemporal effects; female; male; pandemics; seasons; ethnic groups; respiration disorders; coinfection

Online: 1 February 2021 (12:16:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0489.v1

Students’ Perceptions of Doctoral Defense in relation to Socio-Demographic Characteristics

Eva O.L. Lantsoght

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: academia; affective dimension; defense formats; ethnicity; field of study; gender; socio-demographic dimensions; viva; viva voce

Online: 21 July 2021 (11:26:00 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Male Disadvantage in Oxidative Stress-Associated Complications of Prematurity: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis and Meta-regression

Elke van Westering-Kroon, Maurice J Huizing, Eduardo Villamor-Martínez, Eduardo Villamor

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: preterm birth; oxidative stress; sex differences; male disadvantage; female advantage; bronchopulmonary dysplasia; retinopathy of prematurity; necrotizing enterocolitis; intraventricular hemorrhage; periventricular leukomalacia; mortality.

Online: 3 September 2021 (11:08:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1142.v1

Editing Metabolism, Sex, and Microbiome: How can we Help Poplar Resist Pathogens?

Maxim A. Kovalev, Natalya S. Gladysh, Alina S. Bogdanova, Nadezhda L. Bolsheva, Mikhail I. Popchenko, Anna V. Kudryavtseva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Populus; plant pathogens; plant immunity; plant microbiome; plant sex

Online: 15 December 2023 (08:50:47 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0516.v1

The Confound of Hemodynamic Response Function Variability in Resting-State Functional MRI Studies

D Rangaprakash, Robert Barry, Gopikrishna Deshpande

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: BOLD fMRI; HRF; resting state connectivity; aging; sex differences; confound

Online: 28 February 2023 (09:32:04 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0677.v1

Gender Differences in Oxidative Stress in Relation to Cancer Susceptibility and Survival

Alessandro Allegra, Santino Caserta, Sara Genovese, Giovanni Pioggia, Sebastiano Gangemi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: gender differences; cancer; oxidative stress; oestrogens; testosterone; antioxidant; reactive oxygen species; sex hormones; mitochondria.

Online: 10 May 2023 (03:44:32 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0542.v1

Human Papillomavirus Epidemiology and Prevention: Is There Still a Gender Gap?

Giovanna Milano, Giovanni Guarducci, Nicola Nante, Emanuele Montomoli, Ilaria Manini

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: Human papillomavirus; Epidemiology; Prevention Strategies; Vaccination; Screening; Cervical Cancer; Gender Gap

Online: 19 April 2023 (04:32:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0813.v1

An Analytical Study of Unveiling Gender-Based Harassment in Cyberspace: An Exploration of Realities and Experiences

Hajra Khan, Dr Tahira Basharat, Dr Imran Hayat

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: gender-based harassment; cyberspace; cyber harassment; domestic abuse; law enforcement

Online: 12 June 2023 (09:49:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0853.v1

Factors that Affect Perceptions of Gig Workers

Zed Carroll

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: gig work; Gender Bias; Online; Freelance; Stigma

Online: 11 May 2023 (12:40:52 CEST)

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Just 2 years ago, 35% of Americans were involved with gig work. According to Statista, over half of Americans will be freelancing through online gig work by 2027. Research on how consumers select gig workers, or taskers, is still mostly underexplored. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential impact of a tasker's gender and self-presentation in their profile picture on consumer perceptions and choices. We proposed that taskers who have a professional headshot as the profile picture will receive higher ratings on competence, warmth, and trustworthiness than taskers whose profile picture is a selfie. We also proposed that taskers who smile in their profile picture will receive higher ratings on competency, warmth, and trustworthiness than taskers who do not smile. Furthermore, we predicted that professionalism has a stronger positive impact on perceptions of male taskers than on female taskers for our third hypothesis. Lastly, we hypothesized that gender bias exists on gig platforms, such that smiling will have a stronger positive effect on female taskers’ competence, warmth, and trustworthiness than on male taskers. Our study had 292 Kennesaw State University students who were tested online through Qualtrics. Our first and second hypotheses are not supported but our last two have partial support. There is a significant main effect of gender, and we find that male taskers are rated significantly higher on competence, warmth, and trustworthiness, compared to female taskers. Professional photos give male taskers an advantage over professional female taskers and female taskers are punished more for not smiling than male taskers. Future directions include looking into factors such as Race, Age, or background setting could be investigated. Conducting similar tests in a larger and more externally valid setting could yield more concrete results. Continuation into this new area of gig work could lead the way into revolutionizing how freelancers conduct their public appearance or how gig work platforms could handle this new market.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0288.v1

Sex Differences in the Associations of Nutrient Patterns with Total and Regional Adiposity: A Study of Middle-Aged Black South African Men and Women

Tshifhiwa Ratshikombo, Julia H. Goedecke, Melikhaya Soboyisi, Clement Kufe, Maphoko Masemola, Lisa K Micklesfield, Tinashe Chikowore

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Nutrient patterns; Obesity; Sex differences; Total and regional adiposity; South Africa

Online: 20 October 2021 (10:17:40 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0073.v2

Sexual Dimorphism in the Multielemental Stoichiometric Phenotypes and Stoichiometric Niches of Spiders

Łukasz Sobczyk, Michał Filipiak, Marcin Czarnoleski

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: ecological stoichiometry; predator; spider; sex; nutrition; nutritional ecology; arthropod; nutrient cycling; trophic link; food web

Online: 29 July 2020 (09:40:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0125.v1

A Fish of Multiple Faces, which Show us Enigmatic and Incredible Phenomena in Nature: Biology and Cytogenetics of the Genus Carassius

Martin Knytl, Adrian Forsythe, Lukáš Kalous

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: hybridization; sexuality; asexuality; biotype; species; sex determination; ploidy level; Carassius auratus complex

Online: 7 July 2022 (09:56:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0519.v1

The Effect on HbA1c Levels of Age and Gender in Adults Without Diabetes Mellitus

Gülşen Şener, Esra Deniz Kahvecioğlu, Başak Can, Alper Gümüş, Semih Beyazıt Yeşil, Betül Evran

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; HbA1c; gender; age; correlation

Online: 28 February 2023 (10:39:45 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0300.v1

Environmental Contaminants Acting as Endocrine Disruptors Modulate Atherogenic Processes: New Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Women?

Silvia Migliaccio, Viviana M Bimonte, Zein Mersini Besharat, Claudia Sabato, Clara Crescioli, Andrea Lenzi, Elisabetta Ferretti

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Endocrine disruptors; gender; female; atherosclerosis; Cadmium; Bisphenol A; inflammatory cytokines; cardiovascular diseases

Online: 17 November 2021 (10:53:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0247.v1

Fierce Heat and Players’ Health: Examining the View on Japan High School Baseball

Eiji Yamamura

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: high school baseball; health; heatwave; heatstroke; sustainability; environment; gender difference; Japan

Online: 14 December 2021 (18:35:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1276.v1

Understanding Transcription Factors and How They Affect Metabolic Processes in Cucumber Sex Determination

Szymon Turek, Aparna Aparna, Agnieszka Skarzyńska, Wojciech Pląder, Magdalena Pawełkowicz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: transcription factors; interactome network; sex development; sex determination; Cucumber (Cucumis sativus); metabolomic processes

Online: 1 May 2023 (00:01:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0709.v1

Structural Relationship between Psychological Needs and Sport Adherence for Students Participating in Physical Education Class

Juan M. García-Ceberino, Sebastián Feu, María G. Gamero, Sergio J. Ibáñez

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: invasion sport; gender; primary school; sport experience; structural equation

Online: 21 April 2023 (10:03:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0075.v1

Dynamic Patterns of Sex Chromosome Evolution in Neognath Birds: Many Independent Barriers to Recombination at the ATP5F1A Locus

Rebecca T. Kimball, Edward L. Braun

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Sex chromosomes; Hill-Robertson interference; male-driven molecular evolution; pseudoautosomal region; pseudogenes; purifying selection; protein structure; Psittaciformes

Online: 6 December 2021 (13:21:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0424.v1

Social Networking in Adolescents: Time, Type and Motives of Using, Social Desirability and Communication Choices

Marta Tremolada, Lucio Silingardi, Livia Taverna

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Social networking; adolescents; communication; motives of use; social desirability; gender differences; age differences

Online: 27 December 2021 (11:24:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0323.v1

Evaluation of Sex Differences in Murine Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Neutropenic Models of Invasive Mucormycosis

Teclegiorgis Gebremariam, Sondus Alkhazraji, Abdullah Alqarihi, Nathan P. Wiederhold, Laura K. Najvar, Thomas F. Patterson, Scott G. Filler, Ashraf S. S. Ibrahim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Rhizopus; Mucor; Mucormycosis; Murine; sex

Online: 12 April 2021 (21:07:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0211.v1

Klotho Regulated by Estrogen Plays a Key Role in Sex Differences in Stress Resilience

Zhinei Tan, Yongxia Li, Yinzheng Guan, Javed Iqbal, Chenyue Wang, Xinming Ma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: klotho; estrogen; hippocampus; chronic stress; sex difference; stress resilience

Online: 13 December 2022 (01:09:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1037.v1

Socio-Ecological Determinants of Attitudes Towards Domestic Violence Among Iraqi Women: Where Are the Most Vulnerable?

Ruaa Al Juboori

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Gender-Based Violence; Iraq; Married women; Safety; Women Empowerment; Social Factors

Online: 17 October 2023 (09:23:59 CEST)

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Women's attitudes towards domestic violence play an important role in shaping the social acceptance of domestic violence, acting as both a known predictor of victimization and an indicator of disclosure and help-seeking behavior. Therefore, the study objectives were 1) to conduct a nationwide analysis to explore the factors associated with the acceptance of domestic violence among Iraqi women according to the social-ecological framework, and 2) to identify the most vulnerable women according to the spatial distribution of Iraqi governorates. This cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data analysis from the 2018 Iraq Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS 6), which included 19,443 married Iraqi women. Logistic regression was employed to examine the factors associated with acceptance of domestic violence. In this study, the analyses were performed according to the Social Ecological Model (SEM). This study revealed that 48.4% of married Iraqi women accepted domestic violence. Yet, women living in South/Central regions of Iraq showed a higher prevalence of domestic violence acceptance namely Anbar, Salahaddin Thiqar, and Misan where the prevalence was (62%-73%). Several factors across the social-ecological model were associated with a higher likelihood of women accepting such behavior, including experiencing functional difficulty, having lower educational attainment, being married to a blood-related husband, and being married to a husband who has multiple wives/partners, living in poverty, residing in rural areas, living in the south and central regions of Iraq, and feeling unsafe in the neighborhood. Conversely, factors that were associated with a lower likelihood of women accepting such behavior were owning a mobile phone and using a computer or tablet. This study provides policymakers with valuable insights to comprehensively assess indicators of attitudes toward domestic violence against women. It also addresses the scarcity of information on the acceptance of domestic violence in Iraq on national and governorate levels, emphasizing the need for urgent national-level policy discussions to achieve key Sustainable Development Goals related to gender equity and good health and well-being.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0134.v1

Gender Identification in a Two-Level Hierarchical Speech Emotion Recognition System for an Italian Social Robot

Antonio Guerrieri, Eleonora Braccili, Federica Sgrò, Giulio Meldolesi

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Robotics Keywords: Human Robot Interaction (HRI); social robot; Speech Emotion Recognition (SER); Gender Recognition, affective states

Online: 8 December 2021 (14:31:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0011.v1

Enhancing Fingerprint Forensics: A Comprehensive Study of Gender Classification Based on Advanced Data-Centric AI Approaches and Multi-Database Analysis

Assaf Spanier, Dor Steiner, Navon Sahalo, Yoel Abecassis, Dan Ziv, Ido Hefetz, Shimon Kimchi

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: deep learning; fingerprint; Gender classification; Data-Centric AI (DCAI); forensic science; Partial or low-quality fingerprint

Online: 1 December 2023 (08:15:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0049.v1

Dietary and Sexual Correlates of Gut Microbiota in the Japa-Nese Gecko, Gekko japonicus (Schlegel, 1836)

Xin-Ru Jiang, Ying-Yu Dai, Yu-Rong Wang, Kun Guo, Yu Du, Jian-Fang Gao, Long-Hui Lin, Peng Li, Hong Li, Xiang Ji, Yan-Fu Qu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: ASVs; diet habit; Gekko japonicus; gut microbiota; sex

Online: 3 March 2023 (01:31:32 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0130.v1

Sex Differences in Visceral Pain and Comorbidities: Clinical Outcomes, Preclinical Models, and Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms

Namrata Tiwari, Liya Y Qiao

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anesthesiology And Pain Medicine Keywords: pain; visceral; sex; clinical; preclinical; molecule

Online: 3 January 2024 (07:41:14 CET)

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