Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Vascular Diseases In Women. Do women suffer from them differently?

Katalin Farkas
* ORCID logo ,
Agata Stanek
ORCID logo ,
Stephanie Zbinden
,
Barbara Borea
,
Simina Ciurica
,
Vanessa Moore
,
Peggy Maguire
,
Maria Teresa B. Abola
,
Elaine B Alajar
,
Antonella Marcoccia
,
Dilek Erer
,
Ana I. Casanegra
ORCID logo ,
Hiva Sharebiani
ORCID logo ,
Muriel Sprynger
,
Maryam Kavousi
ORCID logo ,
Mariella Catalano
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 17 January 2024 / Approved: 18 January 2024 / Online: 18 January 2024 (12:31:59 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Farkas, K.; Stanek, A.; Zbinden, S.; Borea, B.; Ciurica, S.; Moore, V.; Maguire, P.; Abola, M.T.B.; Alajar, E.B.; Marcoccia, A.; Erer, D.; Casanegra, A.I.; Sharebiani, H.; Sprynger, M.; Kavousi, M.; Catalano, M. Vascular Diseases in Women: Do Women Suffer from Them Differently? J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 1108. Farkas, K.; Stanek, A.; Zbinden, S.; Borea, B.; Ciurica, S.; Moore, V.; Maguire, P.; Abola, M.T.B.; Alajar, E.B.; Marcoccia, A.; Erer, D.; Casanegra, A.I.; Sharebiani, H.; Sprynger, M.; Kavousi, M.; Catalano, M. Vascular Diseases in Women: Do Women Suffer from Them Differently? J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 1108.

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among women worldwide, yet its magnitude is often underestimated. Biological and gender differences affect health, diagnosis, and healthcare in numerous ways. The lack of sex and gender awareness in health research and healthcare is an ongoing issue and affects not only research, but also treatment and outcomes. The importance of recognising the impact of both sex and gender on health and of knowing the differences between the two in healthcare is beginning to gain ground. There is more appreciation of the role that biological differences (sex) and sociocultural power structures (gender) have, and both sex and gender affect health behaviour, the development of diseases, their diagnosis, management, and long-term effects of an illness. An important issue is the knowledge and awareness of women about vascular diseases. The risk of cardiovascular events is drastically underestimated by women themselves, as well as by those around them. The purpose of this review is to draw attention to improving the medical care and treatment of women with vascular diseases.

Keywords

Women; Vascular diseases; Risk factors; Gender differences

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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